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Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kushaneli engunxande evinjwe imigqa ephambanayo yezinduku ezine ezitshekile. Ukucindezela endaweni yenduku emaphakathi nokwehla kokucindezela kuwo wonke umzila kukalwa ngokushintshashintsha i-engeli yokuthambekela kwenduku. Kwahlolwa ama-diameter amathathu enduku ehlukene. kukhiqizwa amapharamitha angenasici ahlobanisa ingcindezi ezindaweni ezibucayi zesistimu nobukhulu besici benduku. Umgomo wokuzimela utholakala ubambe izinombolo eziningi ze-Euler ezibonisa ingcindezi ezindaweni ezihlukene, okungukuthi uma ukucindezela kungenasici kusetshenziswa i-projection ye-inlet velocity evamile kwintonga, isethi ayizimele ku-engeli yokucwilisa. Umphumela we-semi-empirical correlation ungasetshenziselwa Ukuklama ama-hydraulic afanayo.
Amadivayisi amaningi okushisa nokudlulisa ubukhulu ahlanganisa isethi yamamojula, amashaneli noma amaseli lapho uketshezi ludlula khona ezakhiweni zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njengezinduku, izigcinalwazi, okokufaka, njll. Muva nje, kube nesithakazelo esivuselelwe sokuthola ukuqonda okungcono kwezinqubo ezixhumanisa ukusabalalisa kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kanye namandla kubantu abangaphakathi okuyinkimbinkimbi nokwehla kwengcindezi yemojuli. ukulingisa izinombolo, kanye nokwenyuka kwe-miniaturization yamadivayisi.Izifundo zokuhlola zakamuva zokusabalalisa kwangaphakathi nokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi zihlanganisa iziteshi ezihlanjululwe izimbambo ezihlukahlukene ezinobunjwa 1, amaseli we-electrochemical reactor 2, i-capillary constriction 3 kanye nezinto zohlaka lwe-lattice 4.
Izakhiwo zangaphakathi ezivame kakhulu ngokungangabazeki ziyi-cylindrical rods ngokusebenzisa amamojula amayunithi, angaba inqwaba noma ahlukanisiwe.Ezishintshisi zokushisa, lokhu kumiswa kujwayelekile ohlangothini lwegobolondo.Ukwehla kokucindezela kohlangothi lwegobolondo kuhlobene nomklamo wezishintshi zokushisa ezifana namajeneretha omusi, ama-condensers nama-evaporator.Ocwaningweni lwakamuva, u-Wang et al. I-5 ithole ukunamathiselwa kabusha nokugeleza kokugeleza okuhlangene ekucushweni kwe-tandem kwezinduku.U-Liu et al.6 ulinganise ukwehla kokucindezela eziteshini ezingunxande ngezinqwaba zeshubhu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezimise okuka-U ezinama-engeli ahlukile futhi zalinganisa imodeli yenombolo elingisa izinqwaba zenduku enemidiya embobozelayo.
Njengoba kulindelekile, kunezici eziningi zokucushwa ezithinta ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic ye-cylinder bank: uhlobo lokuhlelwa (isb, oluyaluzayo noma olusemgqeni), ubukhulu obuhlobene (isb, ukuphakama, ububanzi, ubude), kanye ne-engeli yokuthambekela, phakathi kokunye. I-7 ihlongoze imodeli ye-porosity ephumelelayo isebenzisa ubude beyunithi yeyunithi njengepharamitha yokulawula, kusetshenziswa i-tandem kanye nezinhlu ezinyakazayo kanye nezinombolo ze-Reynolds phakathi kuka-103 no-104.I-Snarski8 ifunde ukuthi i-spectrum yamandla, kusukela kuma-accelerometers nama-hydrophone axhunywe kusilinda emhubheni wamanzi, ahluka ngokugeleza kwe-alclination. 9 wafunda ukusatshalaliswa ingcindezi odongeni ezizungeze induku cylindrical in yaw airflow.Mityakov et al. 10 bahlele inkambu yesivinini ngemva kwesilinda esizamulayo sisebenzisa i-stereo PIV.Alam et al. I-11 yenza ucwaningo olunzulu lwamasilinda e-tandem, egxile emiphumeleni yenombolo ye-Reynolds kanye nesilinganiso sejometri ekuchithekeni kwe-vortex.Bakwazi ukukhomba izifundazwe ezinhlanu, okungukuthi ukukhiya, ukukhiya ngezikhathi ezithile, ukukhiya, ukukhiya kwe-subharmonic kanye ne-shear layer rettachment.
Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic kweyunithi yeyunithi kulindeleke ukuthi kuncike ekucushweni nakujiyomethri yesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ngokuvamile kubalwa ngokuhlobana okunamandla kwezilinganiso ezithile zokuhlola. Kumadivayisi amaningi akhiwe izingxenye zezikhathi ezithile, amaphethini okugeleza aphindaphindiwe kuseli ngalinye, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ulwazi oluhlobene namaseli amele lungasetshenziswa ukuveza ingqikithi yokuziphatha ye-hydraulic yesakhiwo nge-multiscale modeli ye-multiscalemme. Izimiso zokulondoloza zisetshenziswa ngokuvamile zingancishiswa.Isibonelo esivamile i-equation yokukhishwa kwepuleti le-orifice 15.Endabeni ekhethekile yezinduku ezithambekele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zihamba ngokuvalekile noma zivulekile, umbandela othakazelisayo ovame ukucashunwa ezincwadini futhi osetshenziswa abaklami ubukhulu be-hydraulic obubusayo (isb, ukwehla kokucindezela, ukuphoqa, ukugeleza kwe-vortex, njll.) ku-cylinder axis.Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isimiso sokuzimela futhi kucabangela ukuthi ukugeleza kwe-flow dynamics ngokuyinhloko kuqhutshwa ingxenye evamile yokungena nokuthi umphumela we-axial component eqondaniswe ne-cylinder axis awunaki.Nakuba kungekho ukuvumelana ezincwadini mayelana nokuhlolwa okusemthethweni okutholakalayo ngaphakathi kwezimo eziningi eziwusizo ezihlinzeka nge-uncritertain yalezi zimo eziwusizo. okujwayelekile kokuhlobana kwe-empirical.Izifundo zakamuva mayelana nokuba semthethweni kwesimiso esizimele zihlanganisa ukudlidliza okubangelwa i-vortex16 kanye nesigaba esisodwa kanye nesigaba esimaphakathi sokudonsa417.
Kulo msebenzi wamanje, imiphumela yocwaningo lokucindezela kwangaphakathi nokwehla kokucindezela esiteshini onomugqa ophambanayo wezinduku ezine ezithambekele ze-cylindrical ziyethulwa.Linganisa izinduku ezintathu zezinduku ezinobubanzi obuhlukene, ukuguqula i-angle yokuthambekela.Umgomo jikelele uwukuphenya indlela yokusabalalisa ingcindezi endaweni yenduku ehlobene nokwehla kokucindezela okuphelele esiteshini. ukulondolozwa komfutho ukuze kuhlolwe ubuqiniso besimiso sokuzimela.Ekugcineni, ukuhlobana kwe-semi-empirical engena-dimensionless kwenziwa okungase kusetshenziselwe ukuklama izisetshenziswa ezifanayo zamanzi.
Ukusetha kokuhlola kuhlanganisa isigaba sokuhlola esingunxande esithole ukugeleza komoya okuhlinzekwe yi-axial fan.Isigaba sokuhlola siqukethe iyunithi ehlanganisa izinduku ezimbili ezimaphakathi ezihambisanayo kanye nezinduku ezimbili ezinesigamu ezishumekwe ezindongeni zesiteshi, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 1e, wonke ububanzi obufanayo.Izibalo 1a-e zibonisa ijiyomethri enemininingwane kanye nobukhulu benqubo yokusetha ye-3 yengxenye ngayinye.
ingxenye yokungena (ubude ngo-mm).Dala i-b usebenzisa i-Openscad 2021.01, i-openscad.org.isigaba sokuhlola esiyinhloko (ubude ngo-mm).Idalwe nge-Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org c Ukubuka okuphambene kwesigaba sokuhlola esiyinhloko (ubude ngo-mm).Kudalwe kusetshenziswa i-Openscad 2021.0, i-Openscad 2021.0 I-Openscad 2021.01, ukubuka okuqhume kwesigaba sokuhlola se-openscad.org e.Idalwe nge-Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
Kwahlolwa amasethi amathathu ezinduku ezinobubanzi obuhlukene.Ithebula 1 libala izici zejiyomethri zekesi ngalinye.Izinduku zifakwa ku-protractor ukuze i-engeli yazo uma ihlobene nesiqondiso sokugeleza ingahluka phakathi kuka-90° no-30° (Izibalo 1b kanye no-3).Zonke izinti zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali futhi zigxiliswe ukuze zigcine igebe elilinganiselwe elingaphandle kwendawo yokuhlola etholakala ngaphandle kwegebe elihlobene ne-rod phakathi kwazo. ingxenye.
Izinga lokugeleza kwe-inlet yesigaba sokuhlola likalwa nge-venturi elinganisiwe, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 2, futhi iqashwe kusetshenziswa i-DP Cell Honeywell SCX. Ukushisa okuketshezi ekuphumeni kwesigaba sokuhlola kukalwa nge-thermometer ye-PT100 futhi kulawulwa ku-45 ± 1 ° C. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusabalalisa kwesivinini se-planer nokunciphisa izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi okungena emanzini okuphoqeleka nge-turbulence ezintathu. izikrini.Ibanga lokumisa cishe lamadiayamitha angu-4 wehydraulic lisetshenziswe phakathi kwesikrini sokugcina kanye nenduku, futhi ubude bendawo yokuphuma babuyi-11 hydraulic diameters.
Umdwebo weskimu weshubhu le-Venturi osetshenziselwa ukukala ijubane lokungena kokungena (ubude ngamamilimitha).Kudalwe nge-Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
Gada ingcindezi kobunye bobuso benduku emaphakathi ngokusebenzisa impompi yokucindezela engu-0.5 mm endizeni emaphakathi yesigaba sokuhlola.Ububanzi bompompi buhambisana ne-angular span engu-5°; ngakho-ke ukunemba kwe-angular cishe ku-2 °.Induku egadiwe ingashintshwa mayelana ne-axis yayo, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 3.Umehluko phakathi kokucindezela kwendawo yenduku kanye nokucindezela emnyango wesigaba sokuhlola kukalwa ngochungechunge oluhlukile lwe-DP Cell Honeywell SCX.Lo mehluko wengcindezi ulinganiswa ngohlelo lwebha ngayinye, ukuhlukahluka kokugeleza \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\yo\\\\\\\\\\\ \\yo\\\\\\\\]) i-angle) (\\ i-azimu \ azimu).
izilungiselelo zokugeleza.Izindonga zeshaneli zikhonjiswe ngokumpunga.Ukugeleza kugeleza ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla futhi kuvinjwe induku.Qaphela ukuthi ukubuka okuthi “A” kuncike ku-axis yenduku.Izinduku zangaphandle zishumekwe kancane ezindongeni zesiteshi esisemaceleni.I-protractor isetshenziswa ukukala i-engeli yokuthambekela \(\alpha \).Idalwe nge-Openscad.12.0
Inhloso yokuhlolwa ukukala nokuhumusha ukwehla kokucindezela phakathi kwama-inlets wesiteshi kanye nokucindezela okungaphezulu kwenduku emaphakathi, \(\theta\) kanye \(\alpha\) kuma-azimuth namadiphu ahlukene.Ukuze ufingqe imiphumela, ukucindezela komehluko kuzovezwa ngendlela engenasici njengenombolo ka-Euler:
lapho \(\rho \) kuwukuminyana koketshezi, \({u}_{i}\) ijubane lokungena elimaphakathi, \({p}_{i}\) ukucindezela kwe-inlet, futhi \({p }_{ w}\) ingcindezi endaweni ethile odongeni lwenduku.Ijubane lokungena ligxilile phakathi kwezigaba ezintathu ezihlukene ezinqunywa i-valve engu-6 kusukela ekuvulekeni kwe-valve engu-0. m/s, ehambisana nenombolo yesiteshi i-Reynolds, \(Re\equiv {u}_{i}H/\nu \) (lapho \(H\) ingubude besiteshi, futhi \(\nu \) i-kinematic viscosity) ephakathi kuka-40,000 no-67,000. Inombolo ye-rod Reynolds (\(u-Reynolds) {\(u{u\){i} {v\){i} 2500 kuya ku-6500. Ukuqina kwesiyaluyalu okulinganiswa ukuchezuka okujwayelekile okuhlobene kwamasiginali arekhodwe ku-venturi kungu-5% ngokwesilinganiso.
Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa ukuhlobana kokuthi \({Eu}_{w}\) ne-azimuth engeli \(\theta \), ebekwe ipharamitha ngama-engeli amathathu wokucwilisa, \(\alpha \) = 30°, 50° kanye no-70° .Izilinganiso zihlukaniswa ngamagrafu amathathu ngokobubanzi benduku.Kungabonwa ukuthi ukugeleza okuzimele kuyizinombolo ezingaqinisekile ukuthi phakathi kokugeleza okuzimele. ukuncika okuvamile kokuthi θ kulandela inkambiso evamile yokucindezela odongeni ezizungeze umjikelezo wesithiyo esiyindilinga.Ema-engeli abheke ukugeleza, okungukuthi, θ ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-90°, ukucindezela kodonga lwenduku kuyehla, kufinyelele okungenani ku-90°, okuhambisana negebe phakathi kwezinduku lapho isivinini sikhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokugeleza kwemikhawulo yendawo yokutakula isuka ku-θ kuya ku-90°. I-100 °, ngemva kwalokho ingcindezi ihlala ifana ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwesendlalelo somngcele ongemuva wodonga lwenduku.Qaphela ukuthi akukho ukuguqulwa kwe-angle yokucindezela okuncane, okubonisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka okungenzeka okuvela ezingqimbeni ze-shear eziseduze, njengemiphumela ye-Coanda, okwesibili.
Ukuhluka kwenombolo ye-Euler yodonga oluzungeze induku yama-engeli ahlukene wokuthambekela namadiamitha wenduku.Kudalwe nge-Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Kokulandelayo, sihlaziya imiphumela ngokusekelwe emcabangweni wokuthi izinombolo ze-Euler zingalinganiswa kuphela ngamapharamitha ejiyomethri, okungukuthi izilinganiso zobude besici \(d/g\) kanye \(d/H\) (lapho \(H\) kuwubude besiteshi) nokuthambekela \(\alpha \).Umthetho osebenzayo odumile wesithupha uthi uketshezi olunqunywa yi-root ye-rocity yephrojekthi ingamandla ephrojekthi perpendicular to the rod axis, \({u}_{n}={u}_{i}\mathrm {sin} \alpha \) .Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi isimiso sokuzimela.Enye yezinjongo zokuhlaziya okulandelayo ukuhlola ukuthi lo mgomo uyasebenza yini esimweni sethu, lapho ukugeleza nezithiyo kuvalelwe ngaphakathi kwemigudu evaliwe.
Ake sicabangele ingcindezi elinganiswa ngaphambili kwendawo yenduku emaphakathi, okungukuthi θ = 0.Ngokwesibalo sika-Bernoulli, ingcindezi ekulesi simo\({p}_{o}\) iyanelisa:
lapho \({u}_{o}\) okuyisivinini soketshezi eduze kodonga lwenduku ku-θ = 0, futhi sithatha ukulahlekelwa okuncane okungahlehliseki.Qaphela ukuthi ukucindezela okuguquguqukayo kuzimele kuthemu lamandla e-kinetic. Uma \({u}_{o}\) ingenalutho (okungukuthi isimo esimile), izinombolo ze-Euler kufanele zihlanganiswe.Kodwa-ke ku-4\\\\n\n\n ingabonwa \ umphumela othi \({Eu}_{w}\) useduze kodwa awulingani ncamashi nalelivelu, ikakhulukazi kuma-engeli amakhulu wokucwilisa.Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi isivinini endaweni yenduku ayishayi ku-\(\theta =0\), okungacindezelwa ukuchezuka okuya phezulu kwemigqa yamanje edalwe ukutsheka kwenduku.Njengoba ukugeleza kwentonga kufanele kudale ingxenye yesibili yokuhlola, ukugeleza kuphinde kudaleke ingxenye yesibili yokuhlola. ukukhulisa i-axial velocity ezansi nokunciphisa isivinini phezulu. Uma sicabangela ukuthi ubukhulu bokuchezuka okungenhla kuwukuboniswa kwejubane lokungena ku-shaft (okungukuthi \({u}_{i}\mathrm{cos}\alpha \)), umphumela wenombolo ye-Euler ohambisanayo uthi:
Umfanekiso wesi-5 uqhathanisa izilinganiso.(3) Ubonisa ukuvumelana okuhle nedatha yokuhlola ehambisanayo.Isilinganiso sokuchezuka sasingu-25%, futhi izinga lokuzethemba lalingu-95%.Qaphela ukuthi isibalo.(3) Ngokuhambisana nomgomo wokuzimela. Ngokunjalo, Umfanekiso 6 ubonisa ukuthi inombolo ye-Euler ihambisana nengcindezi engemuva,{0} kanye nengemuva le-rod,{0}{0} ukuphuma kwesegimenti yokuhlola, \({p}_{e}\), Futhi ilandela ithrendi ngokulinganayo \({\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) .Kuzo zombili izimo, nokho, i-coefficient incike kububanzi benduku, obunengqondo njengoba yokugcina inquma indawo evinjiwe. Lesi sici sifana nepuleti le-pressure elincishisiwe endaweni ethile lapho kugeleza khona i-ori. Ingxenye, indima ye-orifice idlalwa igebe phakathi kwezinduku.Kulokhu, ukucindezela kwehla kakhulu lapho kuphusha futhi kancane kuyalulama njengoba kunwebeka emuva.Uma kucatshangelwa ukuvinjelwa njengokuvinjwa okuhambisana ne-axis yenduku, ukwehla kwengcindezi phakathi kwengaphambili nangemuva kwenduku kungabhalwa njengo-18:
lapho i-\({c}_{d}\) iyi-coefficient yokuhudula echaza ukutholwa kwengcindezi ngokwengxenye phakathi kuka-θ = 90° no-θ = 180°, futhi \({A}_{m}\) kanye \ ({A}_{f}\) ubuncane besigaba esiphambene samahhala ngobude beyunithi ngayinye perpendicular ku-eksisi yenduku, futhi ububanzi buwubudlelwane bayo \({A}_{f}/{A}_{m}=\ ​​Kwesokunxele (g+d\kwesokudla)/g\).Izinombolo ze-Euler ezihambisanayo yilezi:
Inombolo ye-Wall Euler kokuthi \(\theta =0\) njengomsebenzi we-dip.Le jika ihambisana nesibalo.(3).Idalwe ne-Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Inombolo ye-Wall Euler iyashintsha, kokuthi \(\theta =18{0}^{o}\) (uphawu olugcwele) futhi uphume (uphawu olungenalutho) nge-dip.Lawa majika ahambisana nesimiso sokuzimela, okungukuthi \(Eu\propto {\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \).Yakhiwe nge-Gnuplot.www.info.gnu.
Umfanekiso 7 ubonisa ukuncika kokuthi \({Eu}_{0-180}/{\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) kokuthi \(d/g\), okubonisa ukuvumelana Okuhle ngokwedlulele.(5).I-coefficient yokuhudula etholiwe ithi \({c}_{d}=1.28\pm 0.02) ibonisa izinga legrafu elifanayo elingu-0.02\) kanye nenani elilinganayo legrafu elingu-6%. ukwehla kokucindezela phakathi kokungena nokuphuma kwesigaba sokuhlola kulandela ithrendi efanayo, kodwa ngama-coefficients ahlukene acabangela ukutholwa kwengcindezi esikhaleni esingemuva phakathi kwebha ne-outlet yesiteshi.I-coefficient yokudonsa ehambisanayo ngu-\({c}_{d}=1.00\pm 0.05\) enezinga lokuzethemba elingu-67%.
I-coefficient yokuhudula ihlobene \(d/g\) nokwehla kokucindezela phambili nangemuva kwenduku\(\kwesokunxele({Eu}_{0-180}\kwesokudla)\) kanye nokwehla kwenani lokucindezela phakathi kwendawo yokungena yesiteshi nokuphumayo.Indawo empunga iyibhande lokuzethemba elingu-67% lokuhlobana.Idalwe ne-Gnuplot, www.gnuplot 5.4.
Ingcindezi encane \({p}_{90}\) endaweni yenduku ku-θ = 90° idinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile. Ngokuvumelana nesibalo sika-Bernoulli, eduze komugqa wamanje ngegebe eliphakathi kwamabha, ingcindezi emaphakathi\({p}_{g}\) kanye nesivinini \({u}_{g}\) phakathi kweshaneli ephakathi nendawo ephakathi nendawo ephakathi nendawo ephakathi kweshaneli ehlobene kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Ukucindezela \({p}_{g}\) kungahlotshaniswa nokucindezela kwendawo yenduku ku-θ = 90 ° ngokuhlanganisa ukusabalalisa kwengcindezi phezu kwegebe elihlukanisa induku ephakathi phakathi kwe-midpoint nodonga (bheka Umfanekiso 8). Ibhalansi yamandla inika i-19:
lapho \(y\) iwukuxhumanisa okuvamile endaweni yenduku ukusuka endaweni emaphakathi yegebe phakathi kwezinduku ezimaphakathi, futhi \(K\) iwukugoba komugqa wamanje endaweni \(y\).Ngokuhlolwa kokuhlaziya kokucindezela endaweni yenduku, sithatha ngokuthi \({u}_{g}\) iyunifomu futhi \(K\left) ishintshiwe njenge-ar\y(y) i-ver (y\). izibalo zezinombolo.Odongeni lwenduku, ukugoba kunqunywa ingxenye ye-ellipse yenduku ku-engeli \(\alpha \), okungukuthi \(K\left(g/2\right)=\left(2/d\right){\ mathrm{sin} }^{2}\alpha \) (bona Umfanekiso 8 womugqa wokujika, mayelana nokujika komugqa). \(y=0\) ngenxa yokulinganisa, ukugoba ekuxhumaneni kwendawo yonke \(y\) kunikezwe ngu:
Ifaka ukubuka okunqamula izingxenye, ngaphambili (kwesokunxele) nangaphezulu (phansi).Idalwe nge-Microsoft Word 2019,
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokulondolozwa kwesisindo, isivinini esimaphakathi endizeni esincikene nokugeleza endaweni yokulinganisa \(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \) sihlobene nesivinini sokungena:
lapho i-\({A}_{i}\) iyindawo egeleza enezigaba ezihlukene endaweni yokungena yesiteshi futhi \({A}_{g}\) iyindawo egeleza enqamula ingxenye endaweni yokulinganisa (bona u-Fig. 8) ngokulandelana ngokuthi:
Qaphela ukuthi \({u}_{g}\) ayilingani ne-\(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \).Eqinisweni, Umfanekiso 9 ubonisa isilinganiso sesivinini \({u}_{g}/\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \), esibalwa nge-equation.(10)–(14), esakhiwe ngokuya ngesilinganiso sediski, ngokwesilinganiso sediski. okulinganiswa ne-polynomial ye-second-order:
Isilinganiso sobukhulu\({u}_{g}\) nesilinganiso\(\ulango {u}_{g}\rangle \) sesivinini sesikhungo sesiteshi esiphambanayo\(.\) Amajika aqinile namadeshi ahambisana nezibalo.(5) kanye nobubanzi obuhlukahlukene bamakhoefifithi ahambisanayo\(\pm 25\%\4.plot.plot;www.plot.plot; plot;"
Umfanekiso 10 uqhathanisa \({Eu}_{90}\) nemiphumela yokuhlola yesibalo.(16).Isilinganiso sokuchezuka kwesihlobo sasingu-25%, futhi izinga lokuzethemba lalingu-95%.
Inombolo ye-Wall Euler kokuthi \(\theta ={90}^{o}\).Le jika ihambisana nesibalo.(16).Idalwe ne-Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Amandla anetha \({f}_{n}\) asebenza ku-rod emaphakathi perpendicular ku-eksisi yayo angabalwa ngokuhlanganisa ukucindezela endaweni yenduku kanje:
lapho i-coefficient yokuqala ingubude benduku ngaphakathi kwesiteshi, futhi ukuhlanganisa kwenziwa phakathi kuka-0 no-2π.
I-projection ethi \({f}_{n}\) ohlangothini lokugeleza kwamanzi kufanele ifane nokucindezela phakathi kwendawo yokungena nokuphuma kwesiteshi, ngaphandle uma ukungqubuzana kuhambisana nenduku futhi kuncane ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okungaphelele kwesigaba sakamuva Ukugeleza komfutho akulingani. Ngakho-ke,
Umfanekiso we-11 ubonisa igrafu yezibalo.(20) ubonise ukuvumelana okuhle kuzo zonke izimo zokuhlola.Nokho, kukhona ukuchezuka kancane okungu-8% kwesokudla, okungabalulwa futhi kusetshenziswe njengesilinganiso sokungalingani komfutho phakathi kwendawo yokungena nesiteshi.
Ibhalansi yamandla wesiteshi.Umugqa uhambisana nesibalo.(20).I-Pearson corelation coefficient yayingu-0.97.Idalwe nge-Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Ukushintsha i-engeli yokuthambekela yenduku, ukucindezela odongeni olungaphezulu kwenduku kanye nokwehla kokucindezela esiteshini ngemigqa ephambanayo yezinduku ezine ezithambekele ze-cylindrical kuye kwahlolwa.Kuhlolwe izilinganiso zenduku ezintathu ezihlukene zobubanzi.Ebangeni lenombolo ye-Reynolds ehloliwe, phakathi kuka-2500 no-6500, isilinganiso se-Euler rod esivamile silandela indawo yokucindezela ephakathi nendawo ilandela ingcindezi endaweni ephakathi nendawo. amasilinda, abe maningi ngaphambili futhi abe buncane endaweni engemuva phakathi kwezinduku, alulama engxenyeni engemuva ngenxa yokuhlukana kongqimba lomngcele.
Idatha yokuhlola ihlaziywa kusetshenziswa ukucatshangelwa kokongiwa komfutho kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-semi-empirical ukuze kutholwe izinombolo ezingena-dimensionless ezingaguquki ezihlobanisa izinombolo ze-Euler nobukhulu besici bamashaneli nezinduku.Zonke izici zejiyomethri zokuvinjwa zimelelwa ngokugcwele isilinganiso esiphakathi kobubanzi benduku negebe phakathi kwezinduku (eceleni) kanye nobude besiteshi (okuqondile).
Isimiso sokuzimela sitholakala sibamba izinombolo eziningi ze-Euler ezibonisa ingcindezi ezindaweni ezihlukene, okungukuthi uma ingcindezi ingenasici kusetshenziswa ukuqagela kwejubane lokungena elivamile ukuya kurod, isethi izimele ku-engeli yokucwilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici sihlobene nesisindo kanye nomfutho wokugeleza Izibalo zokulondoloza ziyavumelana futhi zisekela isimiso sokuqina esingenhla.Ukucindezela kwendawo yenduku kuphela egebeni eliphakathi kwezinduku okuchezuka kancane kulo mgomo.Kukhiqizwa ukuhlobana kwe-semi-empirical okungenaDimensionless okungase kusetshenziselwe ukuklama amadivaysi e-hydraulic efanayo. ama-hydraulics kanye ne-hemodynamics20,21,22,23,24.
Umphumela onentshisekelo kakhulu usuka ekuhlaziyweni kokwehla kwengcindezi phakathi kokungena nokuphumayo kwesigaba sokuhlola.Ngaphakathi kokungaqiniseki kokuhlola, i-coefficient yokudonsa ewumphumela ilingana nobunye, okubonisa ukuba khona kwamapharamitha alandelayo angaguquki:
Qaphela usayizi \(\kwesokunxele(d/g+2\kwesokudla)d/g\) edinominethini yezibalo.(23) ubukhulu kubakaki besibalo.(4), ngaphandle kwalokho ungabalwa ngenani eliphansi nelikhululekile le-cross-section perpendicular to rod, \({A}_{m}}\) phakamisa ukuthi{} Amanani amadala asikisela ukuthi \{} Amanani acatshangelwe kabusha. ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwebanga locwaningo lwamanje (40,000-67,000 yamashaneli kanye ne-2500-6500 yezinduku) .Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma kukhona umehluko wokushisa ngaphakathi kwesiteshi, kungase kuthinte ukuminyana koketshezi.Kulokhu, ukuguqulwa kwesihlobo kunombolo ye-Euler kungalinganiselwa ngokuphindaphinda umehluko wokushisa okushisa okulindeleke nge-coefficient yokwanda okushisayo.
U-Ruck, S., Köhler, S., Schlindwein, G., kanye no-Arbeiter, F. Izilinganiso zokudlulisa ukushisa nokwehla kwengcindezi esiteshini esiqiniswe yizimbambo ezinomumo ohlukile odongeni.uchwepheshe.Ukudlulisa Ukushisa 31, 334–354 (2017).
I-Wu, L., Arenas, L., Graves, J., kanye ne-Walsh, F. Ukulingiswa kweseli eligelezayo: ukubona ukugeleza, ukwehla kokucindezela, nokuthuthwa okukhulu ngama-electrode anezinhlangothi ezimbili kumashaneli angunxande.J. I-Electrochemistry.Socialist Party.167, 043505 (2020).
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