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Iimvavanyo zenziwa kumjelo oxande ovalwe yimigca enqamlezileyo yeentonga ezine ezithambekele kwi-cylindrical. Uxinzelelo kwindawo yentonga yeziko kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo kumjelo kulinganiswa ngokuguqula i-angle yokuthambekela kwentonga. iiparamitha ezingena dimensionless ziyenziwa ezinxulumanisa uxinzelelo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo kwimilinganiselo yeempawu zentonga.Umgaqo wokuzimela ufunyanwa ukuba ubambe amanani amaninzi e-Euler abonisa uxinzelelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, okt ukuba uxinzelelo alunamlinganiselo kusetyenziswa uqikelelo lwesantya sokungena esiqhelekileyo kwintonga, iseti izimele kwi-engile yediphu. Ulungelelwaniso lwe semi-empirical olunesiphumo lungasetyenziselwa ukuyila iihydraulic ezifanayo.
Izixhobo ezininzi zokufudumeza kunye nokutshintshwa kobuninzi zibandakanya isethi yeemodyuli, iziteshi okanye iiseli apho ulwelo ludlula kwizakhiwo zangaphakathi ezingaphezulu okanye ezincinci ezifana neentonga, i-buffers, i-investits, njl. ukulinganisa kwamanani, kunye nokunyuka kwe-miniaturization yezixhobo.Izifundo zovavanyo zamva nje zoxinzelelo lokusasazwa kwangaphakathi kunye nelahleko zibandakanya iziteshi ezihlanjululweyo ngeembambo ezahlukeneyo ezibunjiweyo 1, iiseli ze-electrochemical reactor 2, i-capillary constriction 3 kunye ne-lattice frame materials 4.
Ezona zakhiwo zangaphakathi zixhaphakileyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziyi-cylindrical rods ngokusebenzisa iimodyuli zeyunithi, nokuba zidibene okanye zihlukanisiwe.Kutshintshiselwano lobushushu, olu lungelelwaniso luqhelekile kwicala leqokobhe.Ukuhla koxinzelelo lwecala leqokobhe kuhambelana noyilo lokutshintsha ubushushu obunje ngejenereyitha zomphunga, iicondensers kunye ne-evaporators.Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje, uWang et al. I-5 ifumene i-rettachment rettachment kunye ne-co-detachment flow flows kwi-tandem configuration of rods.Liu et al.6 ilinganisa ukuhla koxinzelelo kwiitshaneli ezixande kunye ne-bundles eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kabini ye-U-shaped tube ene-angles yokuthambekela okungafaniyo kunye nokulinganisa imodeli yamanani ukulinganisa iinyanda zentonga kunye neendaba ezibuhlungu.
Njengoko kulindelekile, kukho inani lezinto zoqwalaselo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic yebhanki ye-cylinder: uhlobo lokulungelelanisa (umzekelo, ukulinganisa okanye umgca), imilinganiselo ehambelanayo (umzekelo, i-pitch, i-diameter, ubude), kunye ne-angle yokuthambekela, phakathi kwabanye. I-7 icetywayo imodeli esebenzayo ye-porosity isebenzisa ubude beyunithi yeyunithi njengepharamitha yokulawula, usebenzisa i-tandem kunye ne-straggered arrays kunye neenombolo ze-Reynolds phakathi kwe-103 kunye ne-104.I-Snarski8 yafunda indlela i-spectrum yamandla, ukusuka kwi-accelerometers kunye ne-hydrophone eqhotyoshelwe kwi-cylinder kwi-tunnel yamanzi, iyahluka ngokujikeleza kwe-alclination. 9 wafunda ukusasazwa uxinzelelo eludongeni ngeenxa intonga cylindrical in yaw airflow.Mityakov et al. I-10 icwangcise intsimi yesantya emva kwe-cylinder eyakhiweyo isebenzisa i-stereo PIV.Alam et al. I-11 iqhube uphando olubanzi lweesilinda ze-tandem, ezigxininise kwimiphumo yenombolo ye-Reynolds kunye nomlinganiselo wejometri kwi-vortex shedding.Bakwazi ukuchonga i-vortex shedding.Baye bakwazi ukuchonga i-states ezintlanu, ezizezi: ukutshixa, ukutshixa okwethutyana, ukutshixa, ukutshixa kwe-subharmonic kunye ne-shear layer rettachment states.Uphononongo lwamanani lwakutshanje luye lwabonisa ukubunjwa kwe-vortexstricted ye-vortexstricted structures.
Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic yeyunithi yeyunithi kulindeleke ukuba kuxhomekeke kuqwalaselo kunye nejometri yolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi, ngokuqhelekileyo lubalwa ngolungelelwaniso lobungqina bemilinganiselo ethile yovavanyo. Kwizixhobo ezininzi eziqulunqwe ngamacandelo exesha, iipateni zokuhamba ziphindaphindwa kwiseli nganye, kwaye ke, ulwazi olunxulumene neeseli ezimeleyo lunokusetyenziswa ukubonisa imo yokuziphatha ye-hydraulic yesakhiwo kunye nezi modeli zedigri ye-multiscale. Imigaqo yolondolozo isetyenziswa rhoqo ingancitshiswa.Umzekelo oqhelekileyo yi-equation yokukhupha i-orifice plate 15.Kwimeko ekhethekileyo yeentonga ezithambekileyo, nokuba zihamba zivaliwe okanye zivulekileyo, umlinganiselo onomdla odla ngokukhankanywa kuncwadi kwaye usetyenziswa ngabaqulunqi yeyona hydraulic magnitude eyongameleyo (umz., ukuhla koxinzelelo, ukunyanzeliswa, ukunyathela, i-vortex). kwi-cylinder axis.Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo wokuzimela kwaye ucinga ukuba ukuhamba kwe-flow dynamics kuqhutywe ngokuyinhloko yicandelo eliqhelekileyo lokungena kunye nokuba umphumo wecandelo le-axial elihambelana ne-cylinder axis ayinanto.Nangona akukho mvumelwano kwiincwadi malunga nolu vavanyo olusebenzayo kwimiba esebenzayo yolu vavanyo lwe-uncriterties lubonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokuvavanya. Izifundo zamva nje malunga nokuqinisekiswa komgaqo ozimeleyo ziquka i-vortex-induced vibration16 kunye nesigaba esisodwa kunye nesigaba sesibini esiphakathi kwe-drag417.
Kulo msebenzi wangoku, iziphumo zophando loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokuhla kwengcinezelo kwitshaneli kunye nomgca onqamlekileyo wezinto ezine ezithambekileyo ze-cylindrical zinikezelwe.Linganisa iindibano zentonga ezintathu ezinobubanzi obuhlukeneyo, ukuguqula i-angle yokuthambekela.Injongo iyonke kukuphanda indlela yokuhanjiswa koxinzelelo kumphezulu wentonga inxulumene nokuhla koxinzelelo olupheleleyo kwisiteshi. ulondolozo lwesantya sokuvavanya ubunyani bomgaqo wokuzimela.Ekugqibeleni, ulungelelwaniso lwe semi-empirical engena dimensionless luyenziwa olunokusetyenziswa ukuyila izixhobo ezifanayo zehydraulic.
Ukusekwa kovavanyo kuqulethwe kwicandelo lovavanyo oluxande olufumene ukuhamba komoya olunikezwa ngumlandeli we-axial.Icandelo lokuvavanya liqulethe iyunithi equkethe iintonga ezimbini ezihambelanayo kunye neentsimbi ezimbini ezifakwe kwiindonga zomjelo, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Fig. 1e, yonke i-diameter efanayo.
icandelo lokungena (ubude kwi-mm) .Yenza b usebenzisa i-Openscad 2021.01, i-openscad.org.Icandelo lovavanyo oluphambili (ubude kwi-mm) I-Openscad 2021.01, umbono ogqabhukileyo wecandelo lovavanyo lwe-openscad.org e.Idalwe nge-Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
Iiseti ezintathu zeentonga zobubanzi obuhlukeneyo zavavanywa.Itheyibhile 1 idwelisa iimpawu zejometri zemeko nganye.Iintonga zifakwe kwiprotractor ukwenzela ukuba i-angle yabo ehambelana nolwalathiso lokuhamba ingahluka phakathi kwe-90 ° kunye ne-30 ° (Amanani 1b kunye ne-3) .Zonke iintonga zenziwe ngensimbi engenasici kwaye zigxininiswe ukuze zigcine isithuba se-rods esihambelanayo sibekwe kwindawo yokuvavanya ngaphandle kwesithuba sovavanyo olusondeleyo phakathi kweentonga ezimbini ezibekwe kwindawo yokuvavanya ngaphandle kwesithuba sovavanyo. icandelo.
Izinga lokungena kwe-inlet yecandelo lokuvavanya lilinganiswa ne-venuri echanekileyo, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, kwaye ibekwe iliso ngokusebenzisa i-DP Cell Honeywell SCX. Ukushisa kwamanzi ekuphumeni kwecandelo lokuvavanya kulinganiswe nge-thermometer ye-PT100 kwaye ilawulwa kwi-45 ± 1 ° C. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesantya esicwangcisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa inqanaba lokuhamba kwamanzi kwi-turbulence kwi-turbulence channel emithathu, ukunyanzeliswa kwentsimbi. izikrini.Umgama wokumisa malunga ne-4 ye-hydraulic diameters isetyenziswe phakathi kwesikrini sokugqibela kunye nentonga, kwaye ubude be-outlet yayiyi-diameter ye-hydraulic eyi-11.
Umzobo weSchematic we-tube ye-Venturi esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-inlet flow velocity (ubude kwiimilimitha) .Yenziwe nge-Openscad 2021.01, i-openscad.org.
Ukubeka iliso uxinzelelo kwelinye lobuso bentonga yeziko ngokusebenzisa i-0.5 mm yoxinzelelo lwempompo kwi-middle-plane yecandelo lokuvavanya.I-diameter yempompo ihambelana ne-5 ° ye-angular span; ngoko ke ukuchaneka kwe-angular malunga ne-2 °. Intonga egadiweyo inokujikelezwa malunga ne-axis yayo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 3. Umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo lwentonga yomhlaba kunye noxinzelelo ekungeneni kwinqanaba lokuvavanya lilinganiswa ngoluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwe-DP Cell Honeywell SCX.
iisetingi zokuqukuqela.Iindonga zetshaneli ziboniswa ngwevu.Umpompoza uphuma ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene kwaye uvalwe yintonga.Qaphela ukuba umbono “A” ujonge kwi-axis yentonga.Iintonga zangaphandle zifakwe kwi-semi-embedded kwiindonga ze-lateral channel.I-protractor isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-angle yokuthambekela \(\alpha \) .Yenziwe nge-Openscad.12 evulekileyo.12.0
Injongo yovavanyo kukulinganisa kunye nokutolika ukuhla koxinzelelo phakathi kwee-inlets zeshaneli kunye noxinzelelo kumphezulu wentonga yeziko, \ (\ theta \) kunye \ (\ alpha \) kwii-azimuth ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-dips.Ukushwankathela iziphumo, uxinzelelo lokwahlukana luya kubonakaliswa kwifom engenamlinganiselo njengenombolo ye-Euler:
apho \(\ rho \) luxinaniso lolwelo, \({u}_{i}\) yisantya sokungena, \({p}_{i}\) luxinzelelo lokungena, kwaye \({p }_{ w}\) luxinzelelo kwindawo enikiweyo eludongeni lwentonga.Isantya sokungena sigxininiswe ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthathu olwahlukeneyo olugqitywe yi-valve ye-1 ukusuka kwisiphumo sokuvula kwi-valve ye-0. m/s, ehambelana nenombolo yejelo Reynolds, \(Re\equiv {u}_{i}H/\nu \) (apho \(H\) bubude bejelo, kwaye \(\nu \) yi kinematic viscosity) phakathi kwama-40,000 kunye nama-67,000.Intonga yeReynolds inombolo (\(uReynolds) inombolo (\(u) ukusuka kwi-Reynolds inombolo (\(u) 2500 ukuya ku-6500. Ubunzima besiphithiphithi buqikelelwa ngokutenxa komgangatho ozalanayo weempawu ezirekhodwe kwi-venturi yi-5% ngokomndilili.
Umzobo 4 ubonisa ulungelelwaniso lwe \({Eu}_{w}\) kunye ne-azimuth angle \ (\ theta \), iparameterized ngama-angles amathathu ediphu, \(\ alpha \) = 30 °, 50 ° kunye ne-70 ° .Imilinganiselo yahlula kwiigrafu ezintathu ngokobubanzi bentonga. ukuxhomekeka ngokubanzi kwi-θ kulandela isiqhelo esiqhelekileyo soxinzelelo lwendonga malunga nomjikelezo wesithintelo sesetyhula.Kwi-angles ejongene nokuhamba, oko kukuthi, θ ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-90 °, ingcinezelo yodonga lwentonga iyancipha, ifikelele ubuncinane kwi-90 °, ehambelana nomsantsa phakathi kweentonga apho isantya sikhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokunciphisa indawo yokubuyisela ukusuka kwi-90 ° ukuya kwi-0. I-100 °, emva kokuba uxinzelelo luhlala lufanayo ngenxa yokuhlukana komda womda ongasemva wodonga lwentonga.Qaphela ukuba akukho tshintsho kwi-angle yoxinzelelo oluncinci, olubonisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka okunokwenzeka kumacandelo e-shear akufuphi, njengeempembelelo ze-Coanda, zisesibini.
Ukwahluka kwenombolo ye-Euler yodonga olujikeleze intonga yee-engile zokuthambekela ezahlukeneyo kunye needamitha zentonga.Idalwe ngeGnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Koku kulandelayo, sihlalutya iziphumo ezisekelwe kwingqikelelo yokuba amanani Euler anokuqikelelwa kuphela ngeeparamitha zejometri, okt umlinganiselo wefitsha yobude \(d/g\) kunye \(d/H\) (apho \(H\) bubude bejelo) kunye nokuthambekela \(\ alpha \) perpendicular to the rod axis, \({u}_{n}={u}_{i}\mathrm {sin} \alpha \) .Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo wokuzimela.Enye yeenjongo zolu hlalutyo olulandelayo kukuhlola ukuba lo mgaqo uyasebenza na kwimeko yethu, apho ukuhamba kunye nezithintelo zivalelwe ngaphakathi kwemijelo evaliweyo.
Makhe siqwalasele uxinzelelo olulinganiswe ngaphambili kwendawo ephakathi yentonga, okt θ = 0. Ngokungqinelana ne-equation kaBernoulli, uxinzelelo kule ndawo \ ({p}_{o}\) luyanelisa:
apho \({u}_{o}\) isantya solwelo kufuphi nodonga lwentonga e-θ = 0, kwaye sithatha iilahleko ezincinci ezingenakuguqulelwa. Qaphela ukuba uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo luzimele kwigama le-kinetic yamandla. Ukuba \ ({u}_{o}\) ayinalutho (okt imeko emileyo), amanani e-Euler kufuneka adityaniswe. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-Figure, i-4 = i-Figure, isiphumo \({Eu}_{w}\) ikufutshane kodwa ayilingani ncam neli xabiso, ngakumbi kwii-engile zediphu ezinkulu. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba isantya kwindawo yentonga ayipheli kwi-\(\theta =0\), enokuthi icinezelwe ngokuphambuka okuya phezulu kwemigca yangoku edalwe yi-tilt yentonga. Ukwandisa i-axial velocity ezantsi kunye nokunciphisa isantya phezulu. Kucingelwa ukuba ubukhulu bokuphambuka ngasentla luqikelelo lwesantya sokungena kwi-shaft (okt \({u}_{i}\mathrm{cos}\alpha \)), isiphumo senombolo ye-Euler ehambelanayo yile:
Umzobo wesi-5 uthelekisa ii-equations.(3) Ubonisa ukuvumelana okuhle kunye nedatha yovavanyo ehambelanayo.Intsingiselo yokutenxa yayiyi-25%, kwaye inqanaba lokuzithemba lalingama-95%.Qaphela ukuba i-equation.(3) Ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wokuzimela.Ngokunjalo, uMzobo 6 ubonisa ukuba inombolo ye-Euler ihambelana noxinzelelo kwi-rod,{0} emva kwe-rod,{0} kwi-rod,{0} ukuphuma kwecandelo lovavanyo, \({p}_{e}\), Kwakhona ilandela intsingiselo ngokomlinganiselo \({\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) .Kuzo zombini iimeko, nangona kunjalo, i-coefficient ixhomekeke kwidayamitha yentonga, eqondakalayo ekubeni le yokugqibela imisela indawo ethintelweyo.Olu phawu lufana nepleyiti yoxinzelelo lwecala kwindawo ethile yovavanyo lwe-ori. Kulo mzekelo, uxinzelelo lwehla kakhulu kwi-throttling kwaye ngokuyinxenye luphinde lubuyele njengoko lukhula ngasemva.Ukuqwalasela uthintelo njenge-blockage perpendicular kwi-axis yentonga, ukuhla koxinzelelo phakathi kwangaphambili nasemva kwentonga kungabhalwa njenge-18:
apho \({c}_{d}\) i-coefficient yokutsala echaza ukubuyiswa koxinzelelo oluyinxenye phakathi kwe-θ = 90 ° kunye ne-θ = 180 °, kunye \({A}_{m}\) kunye \ ({A}_{f}\) bubuncinci obunqamlekileyo obukhululekileyo kwiyunithi ngobude beyunithi perpendicular kwi-axis yentonga, kunye nobudlelwane bayo \({A}_{f}/{A}_{m}=\ ​​Ekhohlo (g+d\right)/g\).Amanani e-Euler ahambelanayo ngala:
Inombolo ye-Wall Euler ku \(\theta =0\) njengomsebenzi wedip.Le gophe ihambelana nenxaki.(3).Idalwe nge-Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
I-Wall Euler inombolo iyatshintsha, kwi \(\theta =18{0}^{o}\) (uphawu olupheleleyo) kwaye uphume (uphawu olungenanto) kunye ne-dip.Ezi jika zihambelana nomgaqo wokuzimela, okt \(Eu\propto {\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) .Yenziwe ngeGnuplot. www.info.gnu.5.
Umzobo 7 ubonisa ukuxhomekeka kwe \({Eu}_{0-180}/{\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) kwi \(d/g\), ebonisa ukuqina okuhle kakhulu.(5) .I-coefficient yokutsalwa efunyenweyo ngu \({c}_{d}=1.28\pm 0.02) kunye ne-7 inqanaba lokuzithemba kwakhona. ukuhla koxinzelelo phakathi kokungena kunye nokuphuma kwecandelo lovavanyo kulandela umkhwa ofanayo, kodwa ngee-coefficients ezahlukeneyo ezithathela ingqalelo ukubuyiswa koxinzelelo kwindawo yangasemva phakathi kwebar kunye nokuphuma kweshaneli.I-coefficient yokutsala ehambelanayo \ ({c}_{d}=1.00\pm 0.05\) kunye nenqanaba lokuzithemba kwe-67%.
I-coefficient yokutsala inxulumene ne- \(d/g\) yoxinzelelo lwethontsi ngaphambili nasemva kwentonga \ (\ ekhohlo ({Eu}_{0-180}\ ekunene)\) kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo lulonke phakathi kwendawo yokungena yomjelo kunye ne-outlet.Indawo engwevu yi-67% yebhanti yokuzithemba yolungelelwaniso.Idalwe ngeGnuplot, www.
Uxinzelelo oluncinci \ ({p}_{90}\) kumphezulu wentonga kwi-θ = 90 ° ifuna ukuphathwa okukhethekileyo. Ngokungqinelana ne-equation kaBernoulli, ecaleni komgca wangoku ngokusebenzisa isithuba phakathi kwemivalo, uxinzelelo oluphakathi \ ({p}_{g}\) kunye nesantya \ ({u}_{g}\) phakathi kweshaneli ehambelanayo kunye ne-bars ephakathi) kule miba ilandelayo:
Uxinzelelo \ ({p}_{g}\) unokuhambelana noxinzelelo lwentonga yentonga kwi-θ = 90 ° ngokudibanisa ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo phezu kwesithuba esahlula intonga ephakathi phakathi kwe-midpoint kunye nodonga (jonga umfanekiso 8). Ibhalansi yamandla inika i-19:
apho \(y\) lulungelelaniso oluqhelekileyo kumphezulu wentonga ukusuka kwindawo esembindini yesithuba phakathi kweentonga ezisembindini, kwaye \(K\) kukugoba komgca wangoku kwindawo \ (y\) .Kuvavanyo lohlalutyo loxinzelelo kumphezulu wentonga, sithatha ukuba \({u}_{g}\) iyunifomu kwaye \(K\ekhohlo) iye yaqinisekiswa njenge-ar (y) njenge-armp (y\). Kuludongeni lwentonga, igophe limiselwa licandelo leellipse yentonga kwi-engile \(\alpha \), okt \(K\left(g/2\right)=\left(2/d\right){\ mathrm{sin}}^{2}\alpha \) (jonga uMfanekiso 8 we-vature curvature, i-vature curvature). \(y=0\) ngenxa ye-symmetry, igophe kulungelelwaniso lwehlabathi lonke \(y\) inikwa ngu:
Imboniso yecandelo elinqamlezayo, ngaphambili (ekhohlo) nangaphezulu (ezantsi).Yenziwe ngeMicrosoft Word 2019,
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokulondolozwa kobunzima, umyinge wesantya kwinqwelomoya ejikeleze ukuhamba kwindawo yokulinganisa \ (\ ingxondorha {u}_{g}\ irange \) inxulumene nesantya sokungena:
apho i-\({A}_{i}\) iyindawo yokuhamba enqamlezileyo kwindawo yokungena kumjelo kwaye \({A}_{g}\) yindawo yokuhambahamba enqamlezileyo kwindawo yokulinganisa (jonga umfanekiso wesi-8) ngokulandelelanayo ngo:
Qaphela ukuba \({u}_{g}\) ayilingani no \(\ ingxondorha {u}_{g}\rangle \). Enyanisweni, i-Figure 9 ibonisa umlinganiselo wesantya \ ({u}_{g}/\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \), ibalwa nge-equation. eqikelelwa yipolynomial yodidi lwesibini:
Umlinganiselo wobukhulu \ ({u}_{g}\) kunye ne-avareji \ (\ i-langle {u}_{g}\rangle \) isantya se-channel centre cross-section \ (.\) Iigophe eziqinileyo nezidayiweyo zihambelana nee-equations.
Umzobo we-10 uthelekisa \({Eu}_{90}\) kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwe-equation.
Inombolo ye-Wall Euler e-\(\theta ={90}^{o}\). Eli jiko lingqamana ne-equation.(16).Idalwe nge-Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
I-net force \({f}_{n}\) esebenza kwintonga esembindini ye-perpendicular kwi-axis yayo ingabalwa ngokudibanisa uxinzelelo kumphezulu wentonga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
apho i-coefficient yokuqala ubude bentonga ngaphakathi komjelo, kwaye ukudibanisa kwenziwa phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-2π.
Intelekelelo ye-\({f}_{n}\) kwicala lokuhamba kwamanzi kufuneka ihambelane noxinzelelo phakathi kokungena kunye nokuphuma komjelo, ngaphandle kokuba i-friction ihambelana nentonga kunye nencinci ngenxa yophuhliso olungaphelelanga lwecandelo lamva I-flux yesantya ayilingani. Ngoko ke,
Umzobo we-11 ubonisa igrafu yee-equations.(20) ubonise isivumelwano esilungileyo kuzo zonke iimeko zokulinga.Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukuphambuka okuncinci kwe-8% ngasekunene, enokuthi ifakwe kwaye isetyenziswe njengoqikelelo lokungalingani kwesantya phakathi kwe-channel inlet kunye ne-outlet.
Ibhalansi yamandla esiteshi.Umgca uhambelana nenxaki.(20).I-coefficient yonxulumano ye-Pearson yayingu-0.97.Yenziwe nge-Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Ukutshintsha i-angle yokuthambekela kwintonga, uxinzelelo kudonga lomphezulu wentonga kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo kumjelo kunye nemigca eguquguqukayo yeentonga ezine ezithambekileyo ze-cylindrical zilinganiswe.Iindibano ezintathu zentonga ezihlukeneyo ze-diameter zavavanywa.Kuluhlu lwenombolo yeReynolds evavanyiweyo, phakathi kwe-2500 kunye ne-6500, inani le-Euler. iisilinda, ziphezulu ngaphambili kwaye zincinci kumsantsa osecaleni phakathi kweentonga, zibuyela kwindawo yangasemva ngenxa yokwahlulwa komaleko womda.
Idatha yovavanyo ihlalutywa kusetyenziswa ukuqwalaselwa kolondolozo lwesantya kunye novavanyo lwe-semi-empirical ukufumana amanani angaguqukiyo angena-dimensionless ahambelana namanani e-Euler kwimilinganiselo yeempawu zemijelo kunye neentonga.
Umgaqo wokuzimela ufunyanwa ubambe amanani amaninzi e-Euler abonisa uxinzelelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, okt ukuba uxinzelelo alunamlinganiselo usebenzisa uqikelelo lwesantya sokungena esiqhelekileyo kwintonga, iseti izimele kwi-engile yediphu. Ukongeza, inkalo inxulumene nobunzima kunye nomfutho wokuhamba Ukulinganisa kolondolozo kuyahambelana kwaye kuxhasa umgaqo wobugcisa ongentla.Kuphela uxinzelelo lwentonga yomphezulu kwisithuba phakathi kweentonga eziphambuka kancinane kulo mgaqo.Ulungelelwaniso lwe-semi-empirical olungena-Dimensionless luveliswa olungasetyenziselwa ukuyila izixhobo ezifanayo zehydraulic. i-hydraulics kunye ne-hemodynamics20,21,22,23,24.
Isiphumo esinomdla ngokukhethekileyo sivela kuhlalutyo lokuhla koxinzelelo phakathi kokungena kunye nokuphuma kwecandelo lovavanyo.Ngaphakathi kokungaqiniseki kovavanyo, isiphumo sokutsalwa kwe-coefficient silingana nobunye, nto leyo ebonisa ubukho bezi parameters ezilandelayo:
Qaphela ubungakanani \(\ left(d/g+2\right)d/g\) kwidenominator of the equation.(23) bubukhulu kwizibiyeli kwinxaki.(4), kungenjalo ingabalwa ngobuncinci kunye necandelo elinqamlezileyo elisezantsi ngokwentonga, \({A}_{m}}\) le icebisa ukuba \{} manani ukuhlala ngaphakathi kuluhlu lwesifundo samanje (i-40,000-67,000 yamajelo kunye ne-2500-6500 yeentonga) .Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuba kukho ukuhluka kweqondo lokushisa ngaphakathi kweshaneli, kunokuchaphazela ubuninzi be-fluid.Kule meko, utshintsho oluhambelanayo kwinombolo ye-Euler inokuqikelelwa ngokuphindaphinda ukuhlukana okuphezulu kweqondo lokushisa elilindelekileyo ngumlinganiso ophezulu wokushisa okulindelekileyo.
I-Ruck, S., Köhler, S., Schlindwein, G., kunye ne-Arbeiter, F. Ukudluliselwa kobushushu kunye nemilinganiselo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kumjelo owenziwe rhabaxa ngeembambo ezimile ngokwahlukileyo eludongeni.
I-Wu, L., Arenas, L., Graves, J., kunye noWalsh, F. Ukubonakaliswa kweeseli ezijikelezayo: ukubonakala kokuhamba, ukuhla koxinzelelo, kunye nokuthuthwa kobuninzi kwii-electrodes ezimbini-dimensional kwi-rectangular channels.J. Electrochemistry.Socialist Party.167, 043505 (2020).
Liu, S., Dou, X., Zeng, Q. & Liu, J. Iiparamitha eziphambili zempembelelo yeJamin kwii-capillaries ezine-constricted cross-sections.J. IGasoline.science.Britane.196, 107635 (2021).