Isingeniso
IBanga lama-316 liyibanga elijwayelekile le-molybdenum, elesibili ngokubaluleka kuya ku-304 phakathi kwezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic.I-molybdenum inika izakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu ezingama-316 ezimelana nokugqwala kune-Grade 304, ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokugqwala nokugqwala kwemigodi ezindaweni ze-chloride.
IBanga 316L, inguqulo yekhabhoni ephansi engu-316 futhi ivikelekile ekuzwelweni (imvula ye-grain boundary carbide).Ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-gauge esindayo izingxenye ezishiselwe (ngaphezu kuka-6mm).Ngokuvamile awukho umehluko wentengo oncomekayo phakathi kuka-316 no-316L wensimbi engagqwali.
Isakhiwo se-austenitic sinikeza lawa mabanga ukuqina okuhle kakhulu, ngisho naphansi kwamazinga okushisa e-cryogenic.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-chromium-nickel austenitic, insimbi engagqwali engu-316L inikeza ukukhasa okuphezulu, ingcindezi ekuqhumeni namandla aqinile emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.
Izakhiwo Eziyinhloko
Lezi zakhiwo zicaciswe kumkhiqizo ogoqeke oyisicaba (ipuleti, ishidi kanye nekhoyili) ku-ASTM A240/A240M.Izakhiwo ezifanayo kodwa ezingafani ngempela zicaciswe kweminye imikhiqizo efana nepayipi nebha ngokucaciswa kwazo.
Ukwakheka
Ithebula 1. Ububanzi bokwakheka kwama-316L wezinsimbi ezingenasici.
| Ibanga |
| C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N |
| 316L | Okuncane | - | - | - | - | - | 16.0 | 2.00 | 10.0 | - |
| Ubukhulu | 0.03 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0 | 3.00 | 14.0 | 0.10 |
Izakhiwo Zemishini
Ithebula 2. Izakhiwo zemishini yensimbi engagqwali engu-316L.
| Ibanga | I-Tensile Str | Yield Str | Elong | Ukuqina | |
| I-Rockwell B (HR B) ubuningi | I-Brinell (HB) ubuningi | ||||
| 316L | 485 | 170 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
Izakhiwo Zomzimba
Ithebula 3.Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezijwayelekile zezinsimbi ezingenasici zebanga le-316.
| Ibanga | Ukuminyana | I-Elastic Modulus | I-Co-eff esho ukunwetshwa kwe-Thermal (µm/m/°C) | I-Thermal Conductivity | Ukushisa Okuthize 0-100°C | I-Elec Resistivity | |||
| 0-100°C | 0-315°C | 0-538°C | Ku-100°C | Ku-500°C | |||||
| 316/L/H | 8000 | 193 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 16.3 | 21.5 | 500 | 740 |
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwencazelo Yebanga
Ithebula 4.Imininingwane yebanga ye-316L yensimbi engagqwali.
| Ibanga | I-UNS | Old British | I-Euronorm | IsiSwidi | IsiJapane | ||
| BS | En | No | Igama | ||||
| 316L | I-S31603 | 316S11 | - | 1.4404 | I-X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 2348 | I-SUS 316L |
Qaphela: Lokhu kuqhathanisa kuyalinganiselwa kuphela.Uhlu luhloselwe ukuqhathaniswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezifanayo hhayi njengeshejuli yokulingana kwenkontileka.Uma kudingeka okufana ncamashí nemicikilisho yoqobo kufanele kuboniswane nayo.
Amanye Amabanga Angenzeka
Ithebula 5. Amanye amabanga angenzeka ukuya ku-316 ensimbi engagqwali.
Ithebula 5.Amanye amamaki angaba ngu-316 ensimbi engagqwali.
| Ibanga | Kungani kungase kukhethwe esikhundleni sika-316? |
| 317L | Ukumelana okuphakeme nama-chloride kuno-316L, kodwa ngokumelana okufanayo nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi. |
Ibanga
Kungani kungase kukhethwe esikhundleni sika-316?
317L
Ukumelana okuphakeme nama-chloride kuno-316L, kodwa ngokumelana okufanayo nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi.
Ukumelana Nokugqwala
Inhle kakhulu endaweni ezungezile yomoya kanye nemithombo yezindaba egqwalayo - ngokuvamile imelana kakhulu kunokungu-304. Kungaphansi kokugqwala nokugqwala ezindaweni ezifudumele ze-chloride, kanye nokugcizelela ukugqwala kokuqhekeka ngaphezu kuka-60.°C. Kubhekwa njengokumelana namanzi aphuzwayo afinyelela ku-1000mg/L chloride emazingeni okushisa asendaweni, encipha aze afike ku-500mg/L ku-60°C.
316 imvamisa ithathwa njengejwayelekile“insimbi engagqwali yezinga lasolwandle”, kodwa ayimelani namanzi olwandle afudumele.Ezindaweni eziningi zasolwandle i-316 ibonisa ukugqwala kwendawo, ngokuvamile kubonakala njengamabala ansundu.Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa ikakhulukazi nemifantu kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo emangelengele.
Ukumelana Nokushisa
Ukumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation kusevisi yesikhashana ukuya ku-870°C kanye nenkonzo eqhubekayo ku-925°C. Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-316 ku-425-860°Ububanzi buka-C abunconyiwe uma kubalulekile ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-aqueous okulandelayo.I-Grade 316L imelana kakhulu nemvula ye-carbide futhi ingasetshenziswa ebangeni lokushisa elingenhla.IBanga 316H linamandla aphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphakeme futhi ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo kanye nengcindezi emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-500.°C.
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa
Ukwelashwa Kwesixazululo (Annealing) - Shisisa ku-1010-1120°C futhi uphole ngokushesha.Lawa mabanga awakwazi ukwenziwa lukhuni ukwelashwa okushisayo.
Ukushisela
Ukushisela okuhle kakhulu ngazo zonke izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanganisa nezindlela zokumelana, zombili ezinezinsimbi zokugcwalisa nezingenazo.Izingxenye ezishiselwe kakhulu zeBanga lama-316 zidinga ukushiselwa kwangemuva kokushisela ukuze zimelane nokugqwala okukhulu.Lokhu akudingekile ku-316L.
316L insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile ayishiseki kusetshenziswa izindlela zokushisela i-oxyacetylene.
Ukwenza imishini
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ivamise ukusebenza kanzima uma yenziwe ngokushesha kakhulu.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu isivinini esiphansi kanye namazinga okuphakela njalo ayanconywa.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ibuye ibe lula emshinini uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali engu-316 ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni ephansi.
Ukusebenza Okushisayo Nokubandayo
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ingashiswa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezijwayelekile zokusebenza ezishisayo.Amazinga okushisa afanelekile okusebenza kufanele abe ku-1150-1260°C, futhi ngokuqinisekile akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-930°C. Ukuvalwa komsebenzi wangemuva komsebenzi kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kutholwe ukumelana nokugqwala okukhulu.
Ukusebenza okujwayelekile okubandayo okufana nokugunda, ukudweba nokugxiviza kungenziwa ngensimbi engagqwali engu-316L.I-annealing yangemuva komsebenzi kufanele yenziwe ukuze kususwe izingcindezi zangaphakathi.
Ukuqina nokusebenza kanzima
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ayiqini ekuphenduleni ukwelashwa kokushisa.Kungenziwa lukhuni ukusebenza okubandayo, okungase futhi kuphumele ekukhuleni kwamandla.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zifaka:
•Imishini yokulungisa ukudla ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezine-chloride.
•Ezemithi
•Izicelo zasolwandle
•izicelo Architectural
•Izimila zezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa izikhonkwane, izikulufu nezifakelo zamathambo njengokufakwa esikhundleni senyonga nedolo
•Ama-Fasteners