Zikomo chifukwa chochezera Nature.com.Msakatuli wa msakatuli omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito ali ndi chithandizo chochepa cha CSS.Kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito msakatuli wosinthidwa (kapena muzimitsa mawonekedwe ogwirizana mu Internet Explorer).Pakalipano, kuti titsimikizire kuti kupitirizabe kuthandizidwa, tidzawonetsa malo opanda masitayelo ndi JavaScript.
Kuyesera kunachitika mu njira yamakona anayi otsekedwa ndi mizere yopingasa ya ndodo zinayi zokhotakhota za cylindrical . ma dimensionless parameters amapangidwa omwe amakhudzana ndi kukakamizidwa kwa malo ovuta a dongosolo ndi miyeso yodziwika ya ndodo. Mfundo yodziyimira pawokha imapezeka kuti imagwira manambala ambiri a Euler omwe amawonetsa kupanikizika m'malo osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ngati kupanikizika kuli kopanda dimensionless pogwiritsa ntchito kuwonetsera kwa liwiro la cholowera ku ndodo, setiyo imakhala yodziimira pa ngodya ya dip. Zotsatira za semi-empirical correlation zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma hydraulics ofanana.
Kutentha ndi misa zipangizo kutengerapo zikuphatikizapo ya ma modules, njira kapena maselo amene madzi amadutsa mu zinthu zambiri kapena zochepa zovuta mkati monga ndodo, buffers, amaika, etc.Posachedwapa, pakhala chidwi chotsitsimutsidwa kupeza kumvetsa bwino njira kulumikiza kugawa mkati kuthamanga ndi mphamvu pa internals zovuta kwambiri kugwa kwa module.Mwa zina mwa zinthu zina, sayansi computational ndi luso luso la computational ndi luso la computational, sayansi ya computational inkapture kwa mafananidwe a chiwerengero, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa miniaturization ya zipangizo. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa kukakamiza kwapakati kugawa ndi kutayika kumaphatikizapo njira zowonongeka ndi nthiti zosiyanasiyana zooneka ngati 1, maselo a electrochemical reactor 2, capillary constriction 3 ndi lattice frame zipangizo 4.
Zomwe zimapangidwira mkati mwazomwe zimatsutsana ndi ndodo za cylindrical kudzera mu ma unit modules, omwe amamanga m'mitolo kapena olekanitsidwa.Mu zotenthetsera kutentha, kasinthidwe kameneka kamakhala pamtundu wa chipolopolo. 5 idapeza zolumikizananso ndi kusuntha kwapang'onopang'ono kumayendedwe a ndodo.Liu et al.6 anayeza kutsika kwamphamvu mumayendedwe amakona anayi okhala ndi mitolo yamachubu omangika awiri okhala ndi maulalo osiyanasiyana ndipo adayesa nambala yofananira ndi mitolo ya ndodo yokhala ndi zowulutsa.
Monga momwe zikuyembekezeredwa, pali zinthu zingapo zosinthira zomwe zimakhudza machitidwe a hydraulic a silinda ya silinda: mtundu wa makonzedwe (mwachitsanzo, osasunthika kapena pamzere), miyeso yofananira (mwachitsanzo, phula, m'mimba mwake, kutalika), ndi mbali yokhotakhota, pakati pa ena. 7 anaganiza yothandiza porosity chitsanzo ntchito kutalika kwa unit selo monga ulamuliro chizindikiro, ntchito tandem ndi arrays zazambiri ndi Reynolds manambala pakati pa 103 ndi 104.Snarski8 anaphunzira mmene sipekitiramu mphamvu, kuchokera accelerometers ndi hydrophone Ufumuyo yamphamvu mu ngalande madzi, zimasiyanasiyana ndi alclination kuyenda. 9 anaphunzira kugawa kuthamanga khoma kuzungulira cylindrical ndodo mu yaw airflow.Mityakov neri Al. 10 adakonza malo othamanga pambuyo pa silinda yoyatsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito stereo PIV.Alam et al. 11 inachita kafukufuku wozama wa ma cylinders a tandem, poyang'ana zotsatira za chiwerengero cha Reynolds ndi chiwerengero cha geometric pa vortex shedding.Adatha kuzindikira zigawo zisanu, zomwe ndi kutseka, kutsekedwa kwapakatikati, kutsekedwa, kutsekedwa kwa subharmonic ndi kumeta ubweya wosanjikiza rettachment states.
Nthawi zambiri, magwiridwe antchito a hydraulic a cell cell akuyembekezeka kutengera kasinthidwe ndi ma geometry a kapangidwe ka mkati, nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa ndi ma epirical correlations a miyeso yeniyeni yoyesera.Muzida zambiri zopangidwa ndi zigawo zanthawi ndi nthawi, machitidwe oyenda amabwerezedwa mu selo lililonse, motero, chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi maselo oyimira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kufotokoza mawonekedwe onse a hydraulic of the structure, Mfundo zotetezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimatha kuchepetsedwa.Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi kutulutsa equation kwa mbale ya orifice 15. Pazochitika zapadera za ndodo zokhotakhota, kaya zotsekedwa kapena zotseguka, chizindikiro chochititsa chidwi chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchulidwa m'mabuku ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okonza mapulani ndicho kukula kwa hydraulic magnitude (mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwapakati, kukakamiza, kukakamiza, kusuntha, etc.) ku cylinder axis.Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa mfundo yodziyimira pawokha ndipo amaganiza kuti kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake Kafukufuku waposachedwa wokhudza kutsimikizika kwa mfundo yodziyimira payokha akuphatikiza kugwedezeka kwa vortex-induced vibration16 ndi gawo limodzi ndi magawo awiri pafupifupi drag417.
M'ntchito yamakono, zotsatira za kafukufuku wa kupanikizika kwa mkati ndi kutsika kwapakati mu njira yokhala ndi mzere wodutsa wa ndodo zinayi zokhotakhota za cylindrical zimaperekedwa.Yesani magulu atatu a ndodo ndi ma diameter osiyana, kusintha ngodya ya kutengeka. kusungirako mphamvu kuti muwone ngati mfundo yodziyimira payokha ndiyovomerezeka.Pomaliza, malumikizano opanda dimensionless semi-empirical amapangidwa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zida zofananira zama hydraulic.
Kukonzekera koyesera kunali ndi gawo loyesera la rectangular lomwe linalandira kutuluka kwa mpweya woperekedwa ndi axial fan.Chigawo choyesera chili ndi gawo lomwe lili ndi ndodo ziwiri zapakati zofananira ndi ndodo ziwiri za theka zomwe zimalowa m'makoma a njira, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 1e, onse awiri omwewo.
gawo lolowera (kutalika mu mm) .Pangani b pogwiritsa ntchito Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.Main test section (utali mu mm) .Created with Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org c Mawonekedwe a Cross-Sectional of the main test section (utali mu mm) .Analengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Openscad 2021. Openscad 2021.01, mawonekedwe ophulika a gawo la mayeso la openscad.org e.Created with Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
Ma seti atatu a ndodo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana adayesedwa.Table 1 imatchula makhalidwe a geometrical pazochitika zilizonse.Ndodozo zimayikidwa pa protractor kotero kuti mbali yawo yokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwekazi ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka machitidwebubundunkemwejonkemwejojojojojojowu ndimbombombombombombombombo wošo nguOajiaji ngu ngu Wendu ngutšuric + gawo.
Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa gawo la mayesero kunayesedwa ndi venturi yovomerezeka, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Chithunzi 2, ndikuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito DP Cell Honeywell SCX. Kutentha kwamadzi pa kutuluka kwa gawo la mayesero kunayesedwa ndi PT100 thermometer ndipo kumayendetsedwa pa 45 ± 1 ° C. zowonetsera.Kutalikirana kwa pafupifupi 4 ma hydraulic diameters anagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa chinsalu chomaliza ndi ndodo, ndipo kutalika kwa chotulukira kunali 11 hydraulic diameters.
Chithunzi chojambula cha chubu cha Venturi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuthamanga kwa cholowera (kutalika mu millimeters). Created with Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
Yang'anirani kupanikizika pa nkhope imodzi ya ndodo yapakati pogwiritsa ntchito 0.5 mm pampopi yapakati pa ndege yapakati pa gawo loyesera. chifukwa chake kulondola kwa angular kuli pafupifupi 2 °. Ndodo yoyang'aniridwa ikhoza kuzunguliridwa pa axis yake, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3.Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kupanikizika kwa pamwamba pa ndodo ndi kupanikizika pakhomo la gawo la mayesero kumayesedwa ndi kusiyana kwa DP Cell Honeywell SCX mndandanda.
makonda amayendedwe.Makoma a mayendedwe akuwonetsedwa mu imvi.Kuthamanga kumayenda kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja ndipo kumatsekeredwa ndi ndodo.Dziwani kuti mawonekedwe "A" ndi perpendicular kwa rod axis.Ndege zakunja zimayikidwa m'makoma a lateral channel.A protractor amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza angle of inclination \(\ alpha \) .Created with Openscad.12.0
Cholinga cha kuyesera ndi kuyeza ndi kutanthauzira kutsika kwa kuthamanga pakati pa zolowetsa njira ndi kukakamiza pamwamba pa ndodo yapakati, \ (\ theta \) ndi \ (\ alpha \) kwa azimuth osiyana ndi ma dips.Kufotokozera mwachidule zotsatira, kupanikizika kosiyana kudzawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe opanda dimensionless monga nambala ya Euler:
kumene \(\ rho \) ndi kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi, \({u}_{i}\) ndiko kulowera kwapakati, \({p}_{i}\) ndiko kukakamiza kolowera, ndipo \({p }_{ w}\) ndiko kukanikiza pamalo operekedwa pakhoma la ndodo. Kuthamanga kwa cholowera kumakhazikika mkati mwa mizere itatu yosiyana yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi vesi 1 kuchokera ku kutsegula kwa valavu 1. m/s, yolingana ndi nambala ya tchanelo ya Reynolds, \(Re\equiv {u}_{i}H/\nu \) (pomwe \(H\) ndi utali wa tchanelo, ndipo \(\nu \) ndi kinematic viscosity) pakati pa 40,000 ndi 67,000.Nambala ya Reynolds ya rod (\(u\){i){i) {{u\}"""" {v \ {u\ }_____ 2500 mpaka 6500. Kuchuluka kwa chipwirikiti komwe kumayerekezedwa ndi kupatuka kwachibale kwa zizindikiro zolembedwa mu venturi ndi 5% pafupifupi.
Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa kugwirizana kwa \({Eu}_{w}\) ndi azimuth angle \(\theta \), yokhazikika ndi ngodya zitatu zoviika, \(\ alpha \) = 30 °, 50 ° ndi 70 ° .Miyeso imagawidwa m'magrafu atatu malinga ndi kukula kwa ndodo. Ikhoza kuwoneka mopanda kutsimikizika kwa chiwerengero cha kuyesera. kudalira kwakukulu kwa θ kumatsatira njira yachizolowezi ya kupanikizika kwa khoma mozungulira kuzungulira kwa chopinga chozungulira. Pamakona omwe akuyenda, mwachitsanzo, θ kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 90 °, kuthamanga kwa khoma la ndodo kumachepa, kufika pang'onopang'ono pa 90 °, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kusiyana pakati pa ndodo kumene liwiro liri lalikulu kwambiri chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa θ mpaka 90 °. 100 °, pambuyo pake kupanikizika kumakhalabe yunifolomu chifukwa cha kulekanitsidwa kwa malire akumbuyo kwa khoma la ndodo.Zindikirani kuti palibe kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kupanikizika kochepa, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti kusokonezeka kotheka kuchokera ku zigawo zoyandikana ndi shear, monga zotsatira za Coanda, ndi zachiwiri.
Kusintha kwa nambala ya Euler ya khoma lozungulira ndodo ya ma angles osiyana siyana ndi ma diameter a ndodo.Kupangidwa ndi Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Zotsatirazi, tikusanthula zotsatira kutengera lingaliro lakuti manambala a Euler akhoza kuwerengedwa kokha ndi magawo a geometric, mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa mawonekedwe \(d/g\) ndi \(d/H\) (pomwe \(H\) ndi kutalika kwa tchanelo) ndi kupendekera \(\ alpha \) . perpendicular to the rod axis, \({u}_{n}={u}_{i}\mathrm {sin} \alpha \) .Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa mfundo yodziyimira pawokha. Chimodzi mwa zolinga za kusanthula kotsatiraku ndikuwunika ngati mfundoyi ikugwira ntchito pa nkhani yathu, kumene kutuluka ndi zopinga zimatsekeredwa mkati mwa njira zotsekedwa.
Tiyeni tilingalire kupanikizika komwe kuyezedwa kutsogolo kwa ndodo yapakatikati, mwachitsanzo, θ = 0. Malinga ndi equation ya Bernoulli, kupanikizika kwa malo awa\({p}_{o}\) kumakwaniritsa:
kumene \({u}_{o}\) ndi kuthamanga kwamadzi pafupi ndi khoma la ndodo pa θ = 0, ndipo timaganiza zotayika zazing'ono zosasinthika. Dziwani kuti kupanikizika kwamphamvu kumakhala kodziimira pa nthawi ya mphamvu ya kinetic. chifukwa \({Eu}_{w}\) ili pafupi koma osati yofanana ndendende ndi mtengo uwu, makamaka kwa ma angles akuluakulu a dip. Izi zikusonyeza kuti liwiro pa ndodo pamwamba pa ndodo sichitha pa \(\ theta =0\), zomwe zikhoza kuponderezedwa ndi kupatuka kwapamwamba kwa mizere yamakono yomwe imapangidwa ndi ndodo yopendekera. kuonjezera liwiro la axial pansi ndi kuchepetsa liwiro pamwamba. Pongoganiza kuti kukula kwa kupatuka pamwambaku ndikuwonetsetsa kwa liwiro lolowera pamtunda (ie \({u}_{i}\mathrm{cos}\alpha \)), chotsatira cha nambala ya Euler ndi:
Chithunzi 5 chikufanizitsa ma equation.(3) Imasonyeza kuvomerezana kwabwino ndi deta yoyesera yofananira.Kupatuka kwapakati kunali 25%, ndipo mlingo wa chidaliro unali 95%.Zindikirani kuti equation.(3) Mogwirizana ndi mfundo ya ufulu wodzilamulira. Momwemonso, Chithunzi 6 chimasonyeza kuti nambala ya Euler ikugwirizana ndi kukakamizidwa kumbuyo, \\ {0} pa rod_, \ {0} pa rod_, {0} {0} pa rod_, {0} pa rod_ {0} kutuluka kwa gawo loyesa, \({p}_{e}\), Kumatsatiranso njira yolingana ndi \({\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) .Pazochitika zonsezi, komabe, coefficient imadalira kukula kwa ndodo, zomwe ziri zomveka chifukwa chotsirizirachi chimatsimikizira malo olepheretsa. Mbaliyi ndi yofanana ndi kutsika kwachitsulo komwe kumadutsa pamtunda wa ori. Pachifukwa ichi, kupanikizika kumatsika kwambiri pa throttling ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuchira pamene kukukulirakulira kumbuyo.
kumene \({c}_{d}\) ndi kukoka kokwana kufotokoza kuchira kwapang'onopang'ono pakati pa θ = 90 ° ndi θ = 180 °, ndi \({A}_{m}\) ndi \ ({A}_{f}\) ndi gawo lochepera laulere pautali wa unit perpendicular to the rod axis, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi mgwirizano ndi ndodo. \({A}_{f}/{A}_{m}=\ ​​Kumanzere (g+d\kumanja)/g\).Nambala zofananira za Euler ndi:
Nambala ya Wall Euler pa \(\theta =0\) ngati ntchito ya dip. Mpindiroyi imagwirizana ndi equation.(3).Created with Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Nambala ya Wall Euler imasintha, mu \(\theta =18{0}^{o}\) (chizindikiro chonse) ndi kutuluka (chizindikiro chopanda kanthu) ndi dip.Mapiritsiwa amafanana ndi mfundo yodziyimira pawokha, ie \(Eu\propto {\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \).Adapangidwa ndi Gnuplot, www.info.gnu.5.
Chithunzi cha 7 chikuwonetsa kudalira kwa \({Eu}_{0-180}/{\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) pa \(d/g\), kusonyeza kusasinthasintha Kwabwino kwambiri.(5).Chigawo chokokera chomwe chapezedwa ndi \({c}_{d}=1.28\pm 0.02) chikuwonetsanso mulingo wofanana wa 6% wa Like ndi 6%. kutsika kwapakati pakati pa kulowetsa ndi kutuluka kwa gawo loyesera kumatsatira njira yofanana, koma ndi ma coefficients osiyanasiyana omwe amaganizira kuchira kwapakati pa malo obwerera kumbuyo pakati pa bar ndi kutuluka kwa tchanelo.Koko kofananira kofananira ndi \({c}_{d}=1.00\pm 0.05\) ndi mulingo wodalirika wa 67%.
Kukokerako kumagwirizana ndi \(d/g\) kutsika kwapakati ndi kumanzere kwa ndodo\(\kumanzere({Eu}_{0-180}\kumanja)\) ndi kutsika konse kwa mphamvu pakati pa cholowera ndi chotulukira. Malo otuwa ndi 67% chidaliro cholumikizira.Created with Gnuplot..gnut 5.4
Kuthamanga kochepa \ ({p}_{90}\) pa ndodo pamwamba pa θ = 90 ° kumafuna kugwiritsira ntchito kwapadera. Malingana ndi equation ya Bernoulli, motsatira mzere wamakono kupyolera mu kusiyana pakati pa mipiringidzo, kuthamanga kwapakati\({p}_{g}\) ndi liwiro \({u}_{g}\) pakati pa mabars omwe ali pakati pa mabars apakati) kuzinthu izi:
Kupsyinjika \ ({p}_{g}\) kungagwirizane ndi kupanikizika kwa ndodo pamwamba pa θ = 90 ° mwa kuphatikiza kugawa kwapakati pa kusiyana komwe kumalekanitsa ndodo yapakati pakati pa midpoint ndi khoma (onani Chithunzi 8). Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumapereka 19:
kumene \ (y\) ndi kugwirizana kwabwino kwa ndodo pamwamba kuchokera pakatikati pa kusiyana pakati pa ndodo zapakati, ndipo \ (K \) ndi kupindika kwa mzere wamakono pa malo \ (y \) .Pakuwunika kuwunika kwa kupanikizika pamwamba pa ndodo, timaganiza kuti \ ({u}_{g}\) ndi yunifolomu ndipo \ (K\ kumanzere) yasinthidwa ndi ver (y) (K\ kumanzere) monga ver (y) kuwerengetsera manambala.Pa khoma la ndodo, kupindika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo la ellipse la ndodo pa ngodya \(\ alpha \), mwachitsanzo \(K\left(g/2\right)=\left(2/d\right){\ mathrm{sin}}^{2}\alpha \) (onani Chithunzi 8 pa mtsinje wopindika, wokhudzana ndi mzere wozungulira). \ (y = 0 \) chifukwa cha symmetry, kupindika kwapadziko lonse lapansi \ (y\) kumaperekedwa ndi:
Onetsani mawonekedwe apakati, kutsogolo (kumanzere) ndi pamwamba (pansi).Wopangidwa ndi Microsoft Word 2019,
Kumbali inayi, poteteza misa, liwiro lapakati pa ndege yomwe imayenda mozungulira malo oyezera \(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle\) ikugwirizana ndi liwiro lolowera:
pomwe \({A}_{i}\) ndi gawo lolowera gawo lolowera tchanelo ndipo \({A}_{g}\) ndi gawo lolowera pagawo loyezera (onani mkuyu 8) motsatana ndi :
Dziwani kuti \({u}_{g}\) silingana ndi \(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \). Ndipotu, Chithunzi 9 chikuwonetsa chiŵerengero cha liwiro \({u}_{g}/\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \), chowerengedwa ndi equation.(10)–(14), chokonzedwa molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha disc, chopangidwa molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha disc. zomwe zikuyerekezedwa ndi polynomial yachiwiri:
Chiyerekezo chapamwamba\({u}_{g}\) ndi avareji\(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \) ma liwiro apakati pa tchanelo chopingasa\(.\) Mapiritsi olimba ndi odukidwa amagwirizana ndi ma equation.(5) ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa ma coefficients ofananira\(\pm 25\5.5.plot.
Chithunzi 10 chikufanizira \({Eu}_{90}\) ndi zotsatira zoyeserera za equation.(16).Kupatuka kocheperako kunali 25%, ndipo chidaliro chinali 95%.
Nambala ya Wall Euler pa \(\theta ={90}^{o}\). Mpendeketewu umagwirizana ndi equation.(16).Adapangidwa ndi Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Mphamvu ya ukonde \({f}_{n}\) yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa ndodo yapakati perpendicular to axis yake ikhoza kuwerengedwa pophatikiza kukakamiza pa ndodo motere:
pomwe coefficient yoyamba ndi kutalika kwa ndodo mkati mwa njira, ndipo kuphatikiza kumachitika pakati pa 0 ndi 2π.
Kuwonetsera kwa \ ({f}_{n}\) kumayendedwe a madzi kuyenera kufanana ndi kupanikizika pakati pa kulowetsa ndi kutuluka kwa njira, pokhapokha ngati kukangana kofanana ndi ndodo ndi yaying'ono chifukwa cha chitukuko chosakwanira cha gawo lotsatira Kuthamanga kwachangu sikuli koyenera. Chifukwa chake,
Chithunzi 11 chikuwonetsa graph ya ma equation.(20) adawonetsa kuvomerezana kwabwino pazoyeserera zonse.Komabe, pali kupatuka pang'ono kwa 8% kumanja, komwe kungatchulidwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiŵerengero cha kusalinganika kwachangu pakati pa njira yolowera ndi kutuluka.
Mphamvu ya mphamvu ya tchanelo.Mzerewu umagwirizana ndi equation.(20).Chigawo cholumikizira cha Pearson chinali 0.97.Adapangidwa ndi Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa kupendekera kwa ndodo, kuthamanga kwa khoma la ndodo pamwamba ndi kutsika kwachitsulo mu njira ndi mizere yopingasa ya ndodo zinayi zokhotakhota za cylindrical zinayesedwa. Mipingo itatu yosiyana ya ndodo inayesedwa. masilinda, pokhala pazipita kutsogolo ndi osachepera pa kusiyana ofananira nawo pakati ndodo, akuchira pa mbali kumbuyo chifukwa malire wosanjikiza kulekana.
Deta yoyesera imawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusamala kwachangu komanso kuwunika kwa theka-empirical kuti mupeze manambala osasinthika omwe amagwirizana ndi manambala a Euler ndi miyeso yodziwika ya ma tchanelo ndi ndodo.
Mfundo yodziyimira pawokha imapezeka kuti imagwira manambala ambiri a Euler omwe amawonetsa kukakamiza m'malo osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ngati kupanikizika kuli kopanda malire pogwiritsa ntchito kuwonetsera kwa liwiro lolowera ku ndodo, setiyo imakhala yodziyimira pawokha pangodya yoviika. Kuonjezera apo, mbaliyi ikugwirizana ndi misa ndi kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe kake Zosungirako zosungirako zimagwirizana ndipo zimagwirizana ndi mfundo yomwe ili pamwambayi.Kuponderezedwa kwa ndodo pamwamba pa kusiyana pakati pa ndodo kumasiyana pang'ono ndi mfundoyi.Kugwirizana kopanda mphamvu kwapakati kumapangidwa komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zipangizo zama hydraulic zofanana. hydraulics ndi hemodynamics20,21,22,23,24.
Chotsatira chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chimachokera ku kuwunika kwa kutsika kwamphamvu pakati pa malo olowera ndi kutulutsa kwa gawo loyesera. Mkati mwa kusatsimikizika koyesera, chotsatira chokokerachi chikufanana ndi mgwirizano, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa magawo otsatirawa:
Zindikirani kukula \(\ kumanzere(d/g+2\ kumanja)d/g\) m’dinominator ya equation.(23) ndi kukula kwa m’makolo mu equation.(4), apo ayi kungaŵerengedwe ndi gawo locheperapo ndi laulere lodutsana molunjika ku ndodo, \({A}_{m}}))’zi zikusonyeza kuti{} manambala amaganiziridwa kuti \{A A )                                                         . kuti mukhalebe mkati mwa kafukufuku wamakono (40,000-67,000 pazitsulo ndi 2500-6500 pa ndodo) Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngati pali kusiyana kwa kutentha mkati mwa njirayo, kungakhudze kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi.
Ruck, S., Köhler, S., Schlindwein, G., ndi Arbeiter, F. Kutentha kwa kutentha ndi miyeso ya kutsika kwa kutentha mu njira yowonongeka ndi nthiti zowoneka mosiyana pakhoma.expert.Kutentha Kutentha 31, 334-354 (2017).
Wu, L., Arenas, L., Graves, J., ndi Walsh, F. F. Flow cell characterization: mawonekedwe othamanga, kutsika kwa kuthamanga, ndi kusuntha kwakukulu mu ma electrode awiri-dimensional mumayendedwe amakona anayi.J. Electrochemistry.Socialist Party.167, 043505 (2020).
Liu, S., Dou, X., Zeng, Q. & Liu, J. Zofunikira zazikulu za mphamvu ya Jamin m'ma capillaries okhala ndi magawo opingasa.J. Gasoline.science.Britain.196, 107635 (2021).