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An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a cikin tashar rectangular da aka katange ta hanyar layi na nau'i na nau'i na nau'i na nau'i hudu masu karkatar da hankali. An yi la'akari da matsa lamba a kan tsakiyar sandar tsakiya da kuma raguwar matsa lamba a fadin tashar ta hanyar bambancin ma'auni na ma'auni. Ana haifar da sigogi marasa ƙima waɗanda ke danganta matsa lamba a wurare masu mahimmanci na tsarin zuwa halayen halayen sanda. An samo ka'idar 'yancin kai don riƙe mafi yawan lambobin Euler da ke nuna matsa lamba a wurare daban-daban, watau idan matsa lamba ba shi da girma ta amfani da tsinkayar saurin shigarwa na al'ada zuwa sanda, saitin ya kasance mai zaman kanta daga kusurwar tsoma. Za'a iya amfani da alaƙar da aka samu na ɗan lokaci don Zane irin na'urorin lantarki.
Mutane da yawa zafi da taro canja wurin na'urorin kunshi wani sa na kayayyaki, tashoshi ko Kwayoyin ta hanyar abin da ruwaye wucewa a cikin fiye ko žasa hadaddun ciki Tsarin kamar sanduna, buffers, abun da ake sakawa, da dai sauransu.More kwanan nan, akwai an sabunta sha'awa a samun mafi fahimtar hanyoyin da alaka da ciki matsa lamba rarraba da kuma sojojin a kan hadaddun internals zuwa ga overall matsa lamba drop na the overall matsa lamba na module.Among sauran abubuwa, da kimiyyar da aka sabunta a cikin man fetur module. don numerical kwaikwaiyo, da kuma kara miniaturization na na'urorin.Recent gwaji binciken na matsa lamba na ciki rarraba da kuma asarar sun hada da tashoshi roughened da daban-daban siffa hakarkarinsa 1, electrochemical reactor Kwayoyin 2, capillary constriction 3 da kuma lattice frame kayan 4.
Mafi yawan tsarin da aka fi sani da ciki shine igiyoyin cylindrical ta hanyar naúrar naúrar, ko dai daure ko ware.A cikin masu musayar zafi, wannan tsari yana da mahimmanci a kan gefen harsashi.Shell gefen matsa lamba yana da alaƙa da zane na masu musayar zafi kamar masu samar da tururi, condensers da evaporators.A cikin binciken kwanan nan, Wang et al. 5 samu reattachment da co-detachment kwarara jihohin a cikin wani tandem sanyi na sanduna.Liu et al.6 auna matsa lamba digo a cikin rectangular tashoshi tare da gina-in biyu U-dimbin yawa tube daure tare da daban-daban karkata kusurwoyi da calibrated wani lambobi model simulating sanda daure tare da porous kafofin watsa labarai.
Kamar yadda aka sa ran, akwai wasu nau'o'in daidaitawa waɗanda ke shafar aikin hydraulic na banki na silinda: nau'in tsari (misali, maɗaukaki ko cikin layi), ma'auni na dangi (misali, farar, diamita, tsayi), da kusurwar karkata, da sauransu.Mawallafa da yawa sun mayar da hankali kan gano ma'auni marasa girma don shiryar da zane-zane don kama abubuwan da suka haɗa da sigogi na geometric.A cikin binciken gwaji na baya-bayan nan, Kim et al. 7 ya ba da shawarar ingantaccen samfurin porosity ta amfani da tsawon naúrar tantanin halitta azaman ma'aunin sarrafawa, ta yin amfani da tandem da tsattsauran ra'ayi da lambobi na Reynolds tsakanin 103 da 104.Snarski8 yayi nazarin yadda bakan wutar lantarki, daga accelerometers da wayoyin hydrophones da aka haɗe zuwa silinda a cikin rami na ruwa, ya bambanta tare da karkatar da jagorar kwarara et al. 9 yayi nazarin rarraba matsa lamba na bango a kusa da sandar cylindrical a cikin yaw airflow.Mityakov et al. 10 ya tsara filin saurin gudu bayan silinda yawed ta amfani da sitiriyo PIV.Alam et al. 11 ya gudanar da wani cikakken nazari na tandem cylinders, mayar da hankali kan sakamakon Reynolds lambar da geometric rabo a kan vortex zubar.Sun iya gane biyar jihohi, wato kulle, intermittent kulle, babu kullewa, subharmonic kulle da kara Layer reattachment jihohi. Kwanan lambobi karatu sun nuna zuwa ga samuwar ta hanyar vortex tsarin ya kwarara.
Gabaɗaya, ana tsammanin aikin hydraulic na tantanin halitta zai dogara ne akan tsari da lissafi na tsarin ciki, yawanci ana ƙididdige su ta hanyar alaƙar haɓaka takamaiman ma'aunin gwaji. Ana iya rage yawan amfani da shi sau da yawa. Misali na yau da kullum shine ma'auni na fitarwa don farantin karfe 15. A cikin yanayi na musamman na sanduna masu karkata, ko a cikin kullewa ko budewa, wani ma'auni mai ban sha'awa sau da yawa da aka ambata a cikin wallafe-wallafen da masu zanen kaya suka yi amfani da su shine mafi girman girman hydraulic (misali, matsa lamba, karfi, vortex zubar da mita, da dai sauransu) ) da ake magana da shi a kowane bangare na silinda. ka'idar 'yancin kai da kuma ɗauka cewa motsin motsin motsi yana haifar da farko ta hanyar shigar da al'ada na al'ada da kuma cewa tasirin sashin axial wanda ya dace da axis na Silinda ba shi da kyau.Ko da yake babu wata yarjejeniya a cikin wallafe-wallafen game da ƙimar ingancin wannan ma'auni, a yawancin lokuta yana ba da ƙididdiga masu amfani a cikin rashin tabbas na gwaji na hali na hali na empirical correlations a cikin ingantaccen binciken da aka yi a kan ƙa'idodin da aka ƙaddara. vibration16 da mataki-ɗaya da matsakaicin matsakaicin mataki-biyu417.
A cikin aikin yanzu, an gabatar da sakamakon binciken nazarin matsa lamba na ciki da raguwar matsa lamba a cikin tashar tare da layin madaidaiciya na sandunan cylindrical hudu masu karkata. Auna majalissar igiyoyi guda uku tare da diamita daban-daban, canza kusurwar ni'ima. Manufar gabaɗaya ita ce bincikar hanyar ta hanyar abin da rarraba matsa lamba akan sandar sandar ke da alaƙa da juzu'in matsa lamba a cikin tashar tashoshi kuma ana bincikar abubuwan da ke cikin tashar Berupe. ka'idar kiyaye lokaci don kimanta ingancin ƙa'idar 'yancin kai. A ƙarshe, an haifar da haɗin kai maras nauyi wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don tsara irin na'urorin hydraulic.
Saitin gwajin ya ƙunshi sashin gwaji na rectangular wanda ya karɓi kwararar iska da aka bayar ta hanyar axial fan. Sashen gwajin ya ƙunshi naúrar da ke kunshe da sandunan tsakiya guda biyu masu daidaituwa da rabi-biyu da aka saka a cikin bangon tashar, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin 1e.
a Inlet sashe (tsawon tsayi a mm) .Ƙirƙiri b ta amfani da Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.Babban gwajin sashen (tsawon tsayi a mm) .An ƙirƙira shi tare da Opencad 2021.01, openscad.org c Ra'ayi mai zurfi na babban ɓangaren gwaji (tsawo a mm) .An ƙirƙira ta amfani da Opencad 2021.01 tare da buɗewa a waje). Opencad 2021.01, fashewar ra'ayi na sashin gwaje-gwaje na openscad.org e.An ƙirƙira tare da Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
An gwada nau'i uku na sanduna na diamita daban-daban. Tebur 1 ya lissafa halaye na geometrical na kowane akwati. An ɗora sanduna a kan wani protractor don haka kusurwar su dangane da jagorancin gudana zai iya bambanta tsakanin 90 ° da 30 ° (Figures 1b da 3) . Dukkanin sanduna an yi su ne da bakin karfe kuma suna tsakiya don kula da matsayi guda biyu ta hanyar sararin samaniya. dake wajen sashen gwajin.
An auna ma'auni na shigarwa na sashin gwajin ta hanyar venturi calibrated, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2, kuma ana kula da shi ta amfani da DP Cell Honeywell SCX. An auna yawan zafin jiki na ruwa a cikin ma'auni na gwajin gwajin tare da ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi na PT100 kuma ana sarrafa shi a 45 ± 1 ° C. Don tabbatar da rarraba saurin tsari da kuma rage matakin da aka yi ta hanyar ruwa a cikin tashar ruwa a ƙofar tashar jiragen ruwa. An yi amfani da nisa na kusan diamita na hydraulic 4 tsakanin allo na ƙarshe da sanda, kuma tsayin wurin ya kasance diamita na hydraulic 11.
Tsarin tsari na bututu Venturi da aka yi amfani da shi don auna saurin shigar shigar (tsawon millimeters).An ƙirƙira tare da Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
Kula da matsa lamba a kan ɗayan fuskoki na sandar tsakiya ta hanyar matsi na 0.5 mm a tsakiyar jirgin sama na sashin gwaji. Diamita na famfo ya dace da 5 ° angular tazara; saboda haka daidaitattun angular yana da kusan 2 °. Ana iya juya sandar da aka kula da ita game da axis, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 3. Bambanci tsakanin matsi na sandar da kuma matsa lamba a ƙofar zuwa sashin gwajin an auna shi tare da jerin DP Cell Honeywell SCX na daban. Wannan bambancin matsa lamba yana aunawa ga kowane tsari na bar, bambancin gudun gudu, karkatar da kusurwa \ angle \ (\ angle)
Ana nuna ganuwar tashoshi a cikin launin toka. Ruwa yana gudana daga hagu zuwa dama kuma sanda ya toshe shi. Lura cewa ra'ayi "A" yana daidai da igiya.
Makasudin gwajin shine don aunawa da fassara fassarar matsa lamba tsakanin tashar tashar tashar da matsa lamba a saman sandar cibiyar, \ (\theta \) da \ (\ alpha \) don azimuths da dips daban-daban. Don taƙaita sakamakon, za a bayyana matsa lamba a cikin nau'i marar girma kamar lambar Euler:
inda \(\rho \) shine yawan ruwa, \({u}_{i}\) shine madaidaicin saurin shiga, \({p}_{i}\) shine matsa lamba, kuma \({p }_{ w}\) shine matsa lamba a wani wuri da aka ba akan bangon sandar. An saita saurin shigarwar a cikin kewayo daban-daban guda uku da aka ƙaddara a cikin kewayon 6. m/s, daidai da lambar tashar Reynolds, \(Re\equiv {u}_{i}H/\nu \) (inda \(H\) shine tsayin tashar, kuma \(\nu \) shine dankon kinematic) tsakanin 40,000 da 67,000. The sanda Reynolds number (\(Re\u\e) lamba daga 2500 zuwa 6500. Ƙarfin tashin hankali da aka kiyasta ta hanyar daidaitattun daidaitattun sigina da aka rubuta a cikin venturi shine 5% a matsakaici.
Hoto na 4 yana nuna daidaituwar \ ({Eu}_{w} \) tare da kusurwar azimuth \ (\ theta \), wanda aka kwatanta da kusurwoyi uku na dip, \ (\ alpha \) = 30 °, 50 ° da 70 ° . Ana rarraba ma'auni a cikin jadawalai uku bisa ga diamita na sanda. Ana iya ganin cewa ba za a iya gani ba a cikin lambobi masu zaman kansu. rate.The general dogara a kan θ ya bi da saba Trend na bango matsa lamba a kusa da kewaye da wani madauwari cikas.A kwarara-fuskanci kusassari, watau, θ daga 0 zuwa 90 °, sanda bango matsa lamba ragewa, kai a m a 90 °, wanda yayi daidai da rata tsakanin sanduna inda gudun ne mafi girma saboda da ya kwarara yankin da iyaka, S0 yana da matsa lamba daga wurin da iyaka. 100 °, bayan haka matsa lamba ya kasance daidai saboda rabuwa na gefen gefen baya na bangon sanda. Lura cewa babu wani canji a cikin kusurwar ƙananan matsa lamba, wanda ke nuna cewa yiwuwar rikice-rikice daga sassan da ke kusa, irin su Coanda effects, sune na biyu.
Bambance-bambancen lambar Euler na bangon da ke kewaye da sanda don kusurwoyi daban-daban na karkata da diamita na sanda. An yi shi tare da Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
A cikin wadannan, muna nazarin sakamakon bisa zaton cewa za a iya ƙididdige lambobin Euler kawai ta hanyar sigogi na geometric, watau sifa tsawon ma'auni \ (d/g \) da \ (d/H \) (inda \ (H \) shine tsayin tashar) da kuma karkata \ (\ alpha \) . Shahararrun ƙa'idar aiki na babban yatsan ya bayyana cewa tsarin tsarin ruwa ya ƙaddara ta hanyar tsarin aikin yatsa. perpendicular to the rod axis, \({u}_{n}={u}_{i}\mathrm {sin} \alpha \) .Wani lokaci ana kiran wannan ka'idar 'yancin kai.Daya daga cikin makasudin bincike na gaba shine bincika ko wannan ka'ida ta shafi al'amuranmu, inda kwarara da toshewa ke tsare a cikin rufaffiyar tashoshi.
Bari mu yi la'akari da matsa lamba da aka auna a gaban tsaka-tsakin sandar matsakaici, watau θ = 0. Bisa ga ma'auni na Bernoulli, matsa lamba a wannan matsayi \ ({p}_{o} \) ya gamsu:
inda \ ({u}_{o} \) shine saurin ruwa kusa da bangon sanda a θ = 0, kuma muna ɗaukar ƙananan asarar da ba za a iya jurewa ba. Lura cewa matsa lamba mai ƙarfi yana da zaman kanta a cikin lokacin kuzarin motsin motsi. Idan \ ({u}_{o} \) ya zama fanko (watau yanayin rashin ƙarfi), lambobin Euler = ya kamata a haɗa kai. Duk da haka, ana iya lura da sakamakon 0 a cikin adadi. \({Eu}_{w}\) yana kusa da amma ba daidai yake daidai da wannan darajar ba, musamman ga manyan kusurwoyi masu girma. Wannan yana nuna cewa saurin da ke kan sandar sanda ba ya ɓacewa a \ (\ theta = 0 \), wanda za a iya dakatar da shi ta hanyar ƙaddamar da layi na yanzu da aka yi ta hanyar sandar sanda. Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da kwararar zuwa ƙananan sassan ya kamata a yi la'akari da ƙasa, ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa a sama da na biyu. gudun axial a kasa da kuma rage gudu a sama. Idan aka ɗauka cewa girman jujjuyawar da ke sama ita ce tsinkayar saurin shigar da ke kan shaft (watau ({u}_{i}\mathrm{cos}\alpha \))), sakamakon lambar Euler daidai shine:
Hoto na 5 yana kwatanta ma'auni. (3) Yana nuna kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da bayanan gwaji masu dacewa. Ma'anar ma'anar ita ce 25%, kuma matakin amincewa shine 95% . Lura cewa ma'auni. segment, \({p}_{e}\), Har ila yau yana biye da yanayin da ya dace da \({\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) .A duk lokuta biyu, duk da haka, ƙididdiga ya dogara da diamita na sanda, wanda yake da kyau tun lokacin da ƙarshen ya ƙayyade wurin da aka hana. Wannan fasalin yana kama da raguwar matsa lamba na farantin orifice, inda aka rage madaidaicin tashar wutar lantarki a wani yanki na musamman na wurin gwajin. kunna ta rata tsakanin sanduna. A wannan yanayin, da matsa lamba saukad da yawa a throttling da partially murmurewa yayin da shi fadada a baya. La'akari da ƙuntatawa a matsayin blockage perpendicular da sanda axis, da matsa lamba drop tsakanin gaba da baya na sanda za a iya rubuta a matsayin 18:
inda \({c}_{d}\) shine madaidaicin ja da ke bayyana ɓangaren dawo da matsa lamba tsakanin θ = 90° da θ = 180°, da kuma \({A}_{m}\) da \ ({A}_{f}\) shine mafi ƙarancin ɓangaren giciye na kowane tsayin raka'a daidai gwargwado ga ma'aunin sanda, kuma diamita shi ne dangantakarsa da igiya. \({A}_{f}/{A}_{m}=\ ​​Hagu (g+d\right)/g\) ).Lambobin Euler madaidaitan sune:
Lambar Euler ta bango a \ (\theta = 0 \) azaman aikin dip. Wannan madaidaicin yayi dace da ma'auni.(3).An ƙirƙira tare da Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Lamba Euler na bango yana canzawa, a cikin \(\theta =18{0}^{o}\) (cikakkiyar alamar) da kuma fita (alamar wofi) tare da tsoma baki. Waɗannan lambobi sun dace da ka'idar 'yancin kai, watau \ (Eu\propto {\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) . An ƙirƙira tare da Gnuplot 5.4, a cikin www.gnup.gnup.
Hoto na 7 yana nuna dogara ga \({Eu}_{0-180}/{\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) akan \(d/g\), yana nuna matsananciyar Kyakkyawan daidaito. shigarwar shiga da fitarwa na sashin gwajin yana biye da irin wannan yanayin, amma tare da ƙididdiga daban-daban waɗanda ke yin la'akari da farfadowar matsa lamba a cikin sarari na baya tsakanin mashaya da tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar.
Matsakaicin ja yana da alaƙa da matsa lamba na gaba da bayan sanda \ (\ hagu ({Eu}_{0-180} \ dama) \) da jimlar matsa lamba tsakanin tashar tashar tashar da fitarwa. Yankin launin toka shine 67% amintaccen band don daidaitawa. An ƙirƙira tare da Gnuplot 5.gnuplot.
Matsakaicin matsa lamba \ ({p}_{90} \) akan saman sanda a θ = 90 ° yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Bisa ga ma'auni na Bernoulli, tare da layi na yanzu ta hanyar rata tsakanin sanduna, matsa lamba a tsakiyar \ ({p}_{g} \) da saurin gudu \ ({u}_{g} \) tare da ma'auni na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsakanin ma'auni. ga abubuwa masu zuwa:
Matsalolin \ ({p}_{g} \) na iya zama alaƙa da matsi na sandar a θ = 90 ° ta hanyar haɗawa da rarraba matsa lamba akan rata da ke raba sandar tsakiya tsakanin tsakiyar tsakiya da bango (duba Hoto 8). Ma'auni na iko yana bada 19:
inda \ (y \) shine daidaitawar al'ada zuwa saman sanda daga tsakiyar tsakiyar rata tsakanin sanduna ta tsakiya, kuma \ (K \) shine curvature na layi na yanzu a matsayi \ (y \) . Don kimantawa na nazarin matsa lamba akan saman sanda, muna ɗauka cewa \ ({u}_{g} \) daidai ne kuma \ (K \ hagu) an ƙididdige shi ta hanyar daidai. lambobi. simmetry, curvature a Universal coordinate \(y \) yana samuwa ta:
Fasalin kallon giciye, gaba (hagu) da sama (kasa).An ƙirƙira da Microsoft Word 2019,
A gefe guda, ta hanyar kiyaye yawan jama'a, matsakaicin saurin gudu a cikin jirgin sama daidai gwargwado a wurin aunawa \(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \) yana da alaƙa da saurin shigar:
inda \({A}_{i}\) shine yankin magudanar ruwa a mashigar tashar kuma \({A}_{g}\) shine yankin ma'aunin ma'auni (duba siffa 8) bi da bi ta :
Lura cewa \({u}_{g}\) baya daidaita da \(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \) .Hakaka, Hoto na 9 yana nuna ma'aunin saurin gudu \({u}_{g}/\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \), wanda aka ƙididdige ta hanyar ma'auni.(10)–(14), wanda aka ƙididdige shi bisa ga yanayin da ake iya ganowa. ana kusanta shi da oda na biyu:
Matsakaicin matsakaicin\({u}_{g}\) da matsakaita\(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \) saurin tashar cibiyar giciye-sashe \(.\) Ƙaƙƙarfan madaidaicin madaidaicin ma'auni.
Hoto na 10 ya kwatanta \({Eu}_{90}\) tare da sakamakon gwaji na lissafin.(16) Matsakaicin karkacewar dangi shine 25%, kuma matakin amincewa shine 95%.
Lambar bangon Euler a \(\theta ={90}^{o}\) .Wannan lanƙwan yayi daidai da ma'auni.(16).An ƙirƙira da Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Za'a iya ƙididdige ƙarfin net ɗin \({f}_{n}\) da ke aiki akan sandar tsakiya daidai gwargwado ga axis ɗin ta ta hanyar haɗa matsi akan saman sandar kamar haka:
inda madaidaicin farko shine tsayin sanda a cikin tashar, kuma ana yin haɗin kai tsakanin 0 da 2π.
Hasashen \({f}_{n}\) a hanyar da ruwa ke gudana ya kamata ya dace da matsa lamba tsakanin mashigai da fita ta tashar, sai dai idan jujjuyawar ta yi daidai da sanda da ƙarami saboda rashin ci gaban sashin gaba. Don haka,
Hoto na 11 yana nuna hoto na ma'auni.(20) ya nuna kyakkyawar yarjejeniya ga duk yanayin gwaji. Duk da haka, akwai ƙananan 8% ƙetare a hannun dama, wanda za'a iya danganta shi da amfani da shi azaman ƙididdiga na rashin daidaituwa tsakanin tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar da fitarwa.
Ma'aunin wutar lantarki na tashar.Layin ya dace da ma'auni.(20) .Ƙararren haɗin gwiwar Pearson ya kasance 0.97. An halicce shi tare da Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Canza madaidaicin kusurwar sandar, matsa lamba a bangon sandar sanda da raguwar matsa lamba a cikin tashar tare da layin madaidaiciya na sandunan cylindrical huɗu masu karkata aka auna.An gwada manyan igiyoyin diamita guda uku daban-daban. a cikin silinda, kasancewa mafi girma a gaba kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a rata ta gefe tsakanin sanduna, murmurewa a ɓangaren baya saboda rabuwar iyaka.
Ana nazarin bayanan gwaji ta amfani da la'akari da kiyayewa na lokaci-lokaci da ƙididdigar ƙima don nemo lambobi marasa daidaituwa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da lambobin Euler zuwa ma'auni na tashoshi da sanduna.Dukan siffofi na geometric na toshe suna da cikakkiyar wakilci ta hanyar rabo tsakanin diamita na sanda da rata tsakanin sanduna (a gefe) da tsayin tashar (a tsaye).
An samo ƙa'idar 'yancin kai don yawancin lambobin Euler waɗanda ke nuna matsi a wurare daban-daban, watau idan matsa lamba ba ta da girma ta amfani da tsinkayar saurin shigar da ke daidai da sanda, saitin ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga kusurwar tsomawa. Bugu da ƙari, fasalin yana da alaƙa da taro da haɓakar kwararan matakan kiyayewa sun dace kuma suna goyan bayan ƙa'idodin ƙa'idar da ke sama.Sai kawai matsa lamba a saman sanda a rata tsakanin sanduna ya bambanta kaɗan daga wannan ka'ida. Ana haifar da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don tsara irin na'urorin hydraulic irin wannan. hemodynamics20,21,22,23,24.
Wani sakamako mai ban sha'awa na musamman ya fito ne daga nazarin raguwar matsa lamba tsakanin mashigai da fitarwa na sashin gwaji. A cikin rashin tabbas na gwaji, sakamakon ja da ƙima yana daidai da haɗin kai, wanda ke nuna kasancewar waɗannan sigogi masu zuwa:
Yi la'akari da girman \ (\ hagu (d/g+2 \ dama) d/g \) a cikin ma'auni na ma'auni. (23) shine girman girman baka a cikin lissafin. (4), in ba haka ba za'a iya ƙididdige shi tare da mafi ƙanƙanta da ɓangaren giciye na kyauta daidai da sanda, \({A}_{m}\) da kuma \({A}_{m}\) da kuma \({A) wannan shine lambobi. zauna a cikin kewayon binciken na yanzu (40,000-67,000 don tashoshi da 2500-6500 don sanduna) . Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa idan akwai bambancin zafin jiki a cikin tashar, zai iya rinjayar yawan ruwa.
Ruck, S., Köhler, S., Schlindwein, G., da Arbeiter, F. Canja wurin zafi da ma'auni na matsa lamba a cikin tashar da aka yi ta hanyar haƙarƙari daban-daban akan bango. gwani. Canja wurin zafi 31, 334-354 (2017).
Wu, L., Arenas, L., Graves, J., da Walsh, F. Fassarar tantanin halitta: hangen nesa mai gudana, raguwar matsa lamba, da jigilar jama'a a cikin na'urori masu girma biyu a cikin tashoshi rectangular.J. Electrochemistry.Jam'iyyar Socialist.167, 043505 (2020).
Liu, S., Dou, X., Zeng, Q. & Liu, J. Mahimman sigogi na tasirin Jamin a cikin capillaries tare da ƙunshewar sassan giciye.J. Man fetur.kimiyya.Birtaniya.196, 107635 (2021).