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Zubar jini ba tare da kulawa ba yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa. Samun saurin zubar jini yana tabbatar da rayuwar wanda aka yi wa magani a matsayin taimakon farko yayin yaƙi, haɗuran ababen hawa, da ayyukan rage mutuwa. Tsarin haɗin kai na fiber-reinforced na nanoporous (NFRCS) wanda aka samo daga wani tsari mai sauƙi na samar da fim (HFFC) a matsayin mataki mai ci gaba zai iya haifar da haɓaka zubar jini. Ci gaban NFRCS ya dogara ne akan ƙirar fikafikan dragonfly. Tsarin fikafikan dragonfly ya ƙunshi fikafikan transverse da na tsawon lokaci, kuma membranes na fikafikan suna da alaƙa da juna don kiyaye amincin tsarin microstructure. HFFC yana rufe saman zare da fim ɗin kauri nanometer kuma yana haɗa kauri auduga da aka rarraba bazuwar (Ct) (watsawa) don samar da tsarin nanoporous. Haɗin matakai masu ci gaba da watsewa yana rage farashin samfurin sau goma idan aka kwatanta da samfuran da ake samu a kasuwa. Ana iya amfani da NFRCS da aka gyara (tampons ko wuyan hannu) a cikin aikace-aikacen biomedical daban-daban. Nazarin In vivo ya kammala da cewa Cp NFRCS da aka haɓaka yana haifar da kuma haɓaka tsarin coagulation a wurin da aka shafa. NFRCS na iya daidaita yanayin microenvironment kuma yana aiki a matakin ƙwayoyin halitta saboda tsarin nanoporous ɗinsa wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen warkar da rauni a cikin samfurin raunin cirewa.
Zubar jini ba tare da kulawa ba yayin yaƙi, yanayin da ake ciki a lokacin tiyata da kuma na gaggawa na iya zama babbar barazana ga rayuwar waɗanda suka ji rauni1. Waɗannan yanayi suna ƙara haifar da ƙaruwar juriyar jijiyoyin jini na gefe, wanda ke haifar da girgizar jini. Matakan da suka dace don sarrafa zubar jini yayin da kuma bayan tiyata ana ɗaukar su a matsayin masu barazana ga rayuwa2,3. Lalacewar manyan jijiyoyin jini yana haifar da asarar jini mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da ƙimar mace-mace na ≤ 50% a yaƙi da kuma 31% yayin tiyata1. Babban asarar jini yana haifar da raguwar yawan jiki, wanda ke rage fitar da zuciya. Ƙara juriyar jijiyoyin jini na gefe da kuma raguwar circuit na ci gaba yana haifar da hypoxia a cikin gabobin da ke tallafawa rayuwa. Girgizar jini na iya faruwa idan yanayin ya ci gaba ba tare da ingantaccen sa baki ba1,4,5. Sauran rikitarwa sun haɗa da ci gaban hypothermia da metabolic acidosis, da kuma matsalar coagulation wanda ke kawo cikas ga tsarin coagulation. Girgizar jini mai tsanani yana da alaƙa da babban haɗarin mutuwa6,7,8. A cikin girgizar aji na III (ci gaba), ƙarin jini yana da mahimmanci don rayuwa ga marasa lafiya a lokacin tiyata da kuma bayan tiyata da kuma mace-mace. Domin shawo kan dukkan yanayin da ke barazana ga rayuwa a sama, mun ƙirƙiro wani tsari mai suna nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) wanda ke amfani da ƙaramin yawan polymer (0.5%) ta amfani da haɗin polymers masu narkewa cikin ruwa.
Ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfafa zare, ana iya haɓaka samfuran da ba su da tsada. Zaren da aka tsara bazuwar suna kama da tsarin fikafikin dodon ruwa, wanda aka daidaita shi da layukan kwance da tsaye a kan fikafikan. Jijiyoyin da ke juyewa da tsayi na fikafikan suna sadarwa da membrane na fikafikan (Hoto na 1). NFRCS ya ƙunshi ƙarfafa Ct a matsayin tsarin sifa mai ƙarfi tare da ingantaccen ƙarfin jiki da na injiniya (Hoto na 1). Saboda araha da ƙwarewar aiki, likitocin fikafikan fikafikan fi son amfani da ma'aunin zare na auduga (Ct) yayin aiki da miya. Saboda haka, idan aka yi la'akari da fa'idodinsa da yawa, gami da cellulose mai kauri sama da kashi 90% (yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka aikin hemostatic), an yi amfani da Ct azaman tsarin kwarangwal na NFRCS9,10. Saboda haka, idan aka yi la'akari da fa'idodinsa da yawa, gami da cellulose mai kauri sama da kashi 90% (yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka aikin hemostatic), an yi amfani da Ct azaman tsarin kwarangwal na NFRCS9,10. Следовательно, учитывая его многочисленные преимущества, в том числе > 90% кристалической целыч повышении гемостатической активности), Ct использовали в качестве скелетной системы NFRCS9,10. Saboda haka, idan aka yi la'akari da fa'idodi da yawa, gami da cellulose mai kauri sama da kashi 90% (wanda ke da hannu a cikin ƙaruwar aikin hemostatic), an yi amfani da Ct azaman tsarin kwarangwal na NFRCS9,10.因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90%的骨架系统。因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90%Saboda haka, idan aka yi la'akari da fa'idodi da yawa, gami da sama da kashi 90% na crystalline cellulose (yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka aikin hemostatic), an yi amfani da Ct a matsayin ma'auni don NFRCS9,10.An shafa Ct a saman fata (an ga samuwar fim mai kauri na nano) kuma an haɗa shi da haɗin hemostatic film-forming composition (HFFC). HFFC yana aiki kamar matrigel, yana riƙe Ct da aka sanya bazuwar tare. Tsarin da aka haɓaka yana watsa damuwa a cikin yanayin da aka warwatse (ƙarfafa zaruruwa). Yana da wuya a sami tsarin nanoporous tare da ƙarfin injiniya mai kyau ta amfani da ƙarancin yawan polymer. Bugu da ƙari, ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba a keɓance molds daban-daban don aikace-aikacen biomedical daban-daban.
Hoton yana nuna zane na ƙirar NFRCS bisa ga tsarin fikafikan dodon ruwa (A). Wannan hoton yana nuna kwatancen tsarin fikafikan dodon ruwa (jijiyoyin da ke haɗuwa da na tsawon fikafikan suna da alaƙa) da kuma hoton micrograph na Cp NFRCS (B). Tsarin wakilcin NFRCS.
An haɓaka NFRCs ta amfani da HFFC a matsayin mataki mai ci gaba don magance ƙuntatawa da ke sama. HFFC ya ƙunshi nau'ikan polymers na hemostatic masu ƙirƙirar fim waɗanda suka haɗa da chitosan (a matsayin babban polymer na hemostatic) tare da methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 50 cp) da polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) (125 kDa) a matsayin polymer mai tallafi wanda ke haɓaka samuwar thrombus. Ƙara polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) ya inganta ƙarfin sha danshi na NFRCS. An ƙara Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) don inganta haɗin polymer a cikin haɗin polymer da aka haɗa. An yi amfani da abubuwan haɗin hemostatic HFFC guda uku daban-daban (Cm HFFC, Ch HFFC da Cp HFFC), wato chitosan tare da MC (Cm), chitosan tare da HPMC (Ch), da chitosan tare da PVA (Cp), zuwa Ct. Nazarce-nazarce daban-daban na in vitro da in vivo sun tabbatar da aikin hemostatic da warkar da raunuka na NFRCS. Ana iya amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa da NFRCS ke bayarwa don keɓance nau'ikan sassaka daban-daban don biyan takamaiman buƙatu.
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya gyara NFRCS a matsayin bandeji ko birgima don rufe dukkan yankin rauni na ƙananan gaɓoɓi da sauran sassan jiki. Musamman don raunin gaɓoɓin yaƙi, ƙirar NFRCS da aka tsara za a iya canza ta zuwa rabin hannu ko cikakken ƙafa (Karin Hoto na S11). Ana iya yin NFRCS ta zama abin ɗaurewa da manne nama, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don dakatar da zubar jini sakamakon mummunan raunin wuyan hannu. Babban burinmu shine ƙirƙirar NFRCS tare da ƙaramin polymer gwargwadon iko wanda za a iya isarwa ga jama'a da yawa (ƙasa da layin talauci) kuma wanda za a iya sanya shi a cikin kayan agajin gaggawa. Tsarin ƙira mai sauƙi, inganci, da araha, NFRCS yana amfanar al'ummomin yankin kuma yana iya yin tasiri a duniya.
An sayi Chitosan (nauyin kwayoyin halitta 80 kDa) da amaranth daga Merck, Indiya. An sayi Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 Cp, polyethylene glycol 400 da methylcellulose daga Loba Chemie Pvt. LLC, Mumbai. An sayi Polyvinyl alcohol (nauyin kwayoyin halitta 125 kDa) (87-90% hydrolysed) daga National Chemicals, Gujarat. An sayi Polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 daga Molychem, Mumbai, an sayi swabs masu tsabta daga Ramaraju Surgery Cotton Mills Ltd., Tamil Nadu, tare da ruwan Milli Q (tsarin tsarkake ruwa na Direct-Q3, Merck, Indiya) a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya.
An ƙirƙiro NFRCS ta amfani da hanyar lyophilization11,12. An shirya dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin HFFC (Tebur 1) ta amfani da na'urar motsa jiki ta injiniya. A shirya maganin chitosan na 0.5% ta amfani da 1% acetic acid a cikin ruwa ta hanyar ci gaba da juyawa a 800 rpm akan na'urar motsa jiki ta injiniya. An ƙara ainihin nauyin polymer da aka ɗora a cikin Tebur 1 a cikin maganin chitosan kuma an motsa har sai an sami maganin polymer mai haske. An ƙara PVP K30 da PEG 400 a cikin cakuda da aka samu a cikin adadin da aka nuna a Tebur 1, kuma an ci gaba da juyawa har sai an sami maganin polymer mai haske. An yi wa wanka na maganin polymer mai haske na tsawon mintuna 60 don cire kumfa daga cakuda polymer. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Ƙarin Hoto na S1(b), an rarraba Ct daidai a cikin kowace rijiya ta farantin rijiya 6 (mold) wanda aka ƙara da 5 ml na HFFC.
An saka faranti mai rijiyoyi shida na tsawon mintuna 60 don cimma daidaiton jika da rarrabawar HFFC a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta Ct. Sannan a daskare faranti mai rijiyoyi shida a -20°C na tsawon awanni 8-12. An sanya faranti masu daskarewa na tsawon awanni 48 don samun nau'ikan NFRCS daban-daban. Ana amfani da irin wannan hanyar don samar da siffofi da tsari daban-daban, kamar tampons ko tampons masu silinda, ko kowace siffa don aikace-aikace daban-daban.
Ana narkar da chitosan mai nauyin daidai (80 kDa) (3%) a cikin 1% acetic acid ta amfani da na'urar motsa maganadisu. An ƙara 1% PEG 400 a cikin maganin chitosan sannan aka juya na tsawon mintuna 30. Zuba maganin da ya fito a cikin akwati mai murabba'i ko murabba'i sannan a daskare a -80°C na tsawon awanni 12. An saka samfuran daskararre na tsawon awanni 48 don samun Cs13 mai rami.
An yi gwaje-gwajen NFRCS da aka haɓaka ta amfani da Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Shimadzu 8400 s FTIR, Tokyo, Japan) don tabbatar da daidaiton sinadarai na chitosan tare da sauran polymers14,15. An samo FTIR spectra (faɗin kewayon spectral daga 400 zuwa 4000 cm-1) na duk samfuran da aka gwada ta hanyar yin gwaje-gwaje 32.
An kimanta ƙimar shan jini (BAR) ga duk nau'ikan magani ta amfani da hanyar da Chen et al. 16 suka bayyana tare da ɗan gyare-gyare kaɗan. An busar da NFRKs ɗin da aka haɓaka na duk abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin tanda mai injin daskarewa a 105°C cikin dare don cire ragowar mai. An sanya 30 mg NFRCS (nauyin samfurin farko - W0) da 30 mg Ct (ikon sarrafawa mai kyau) a cikin kwano daban-daban waɗanda ke ɗauke da premix na 3.8% sodium citrate. A cikin tazara da aka ƙayyade, watau daƙiƙa 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 da 60, an cire NFRCS kuma an tsaftace saman su da jinin da ba a sha ba ta hanyar sanya samfuran a kan Ct na daƙiƙa 30. An yi la'akari da nauyin jini na ƙarshe da NFRCS 16 ya sha (W1) a kowane lokaci. Lissafa kashi na BAR ta amfani da dabarar da ke ƙasa:
An ƙayyade lokacin da jini ke tsayawa (BCT) kamar yadda Wang et al. 17 suka ruwaito. An ƙididdige lokacin da ake buƙata don jinin gaba ɗaya (jinin bera da aka haɗa da 3.8% sodium citrate) ya tsaya a gaban NFRCS a matsayin BCT na samfurin gwaji. An sanya sassan NFRCS daban-daban (30 mg) a cikin kwalaben murfin sukurori 10 ml kuma an saka su a zafin jiki na 37°C. An ƙara jini (0.5 ml) a cikin kwalbar kuma an ƙara 0.3 ml na 0.2 M CaCl2 don kunna zubar jini. A ƙarshe, juya kwalbar a kowane daƙiƙa 15 (har zuwa 180°) har sai gudan jini mai tauri ya fito. Ana kiyasta BCT na samfurin ta hanyar adadin juyawar vals17,18. Dangane da BCT, an zaɓi abubuwan haɗin guda biyu mafi kyau daga NFRCS Cm, Ch da Cp don ƙarin nazarin halaye.
An tantance BCT na Ch NFRCS da Cp NFRCS ta hanyar aiwatar da hanyar da Li et al. 19 suka bayyana. Sanya 15 x 15 mm2 Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS, da Cs (ikon sarrafawa mai kyau) a cikin kwano daban-daban na Petri (37 °C). An haɗa jini mai ɗauke da sodium citrate 3.8% da 0.2 M CaCl2 a cikin rabon juzu'i na 10:1 don fara aikin zubar jini. An shafa 20 µl na cakuda jinin bera na CaCl2 0.2 M a saman samfurin kuma an sanya shi a cikin kwano mara komai na Petri. An zuba jini a cikin kwano mara komai na Petri ba tare da Ct ba. A tazara tsakanin mintuna 0, 3, da 5, a dakatar da zubar jini ta hanyar ƙara 10 ml na ruwan deionized (DI) zuwa samfurin da ke ɗauke da kwano ba tare da dagula gudan jini ba. erythrocytes marasa haɗin jini (erythrocytes) suna yin hemolysis a gaban ruwan deionized kuma suna fitar da haemoglobin. An auna haemoglobin a wurare daban-daban (HA(t)) a 540 nm (λmax hemoglobin) ta amfani da na'urar auna haske ta UV-Vis. An ɗauki cikakken shan haemoglobin (AH(0)) a cikin minti 0 na 20 µl na jini a cikin ruwa mai narkewa na 10 ml a matsayin mizanin tunani. An ƙididdige yawan shan haemoglobin (RHA) na jinin da aka taru daga rabon HA(t)/HA(0) ta amfani da wannan rukunin jini.
Ta amfani da na'urar nazarin rubutu (Texture Pro CT V1.3 Build 15, Brookfield, Amurka), an tantance halayen manne na NFRK ga kyallen da ya lalace. Danna wani farantin silinda mai buɗewa a cikin fatar alade (ba tare da kitsen ba). An shafa samfuran (Ch NFRCS da Cp NFRCS) ta hanyar cannula zuwa cikin molds na silinda don ƙirƙirar manne ga fatar alade. Bayan naɗewa na minti 3 a zafin ɗaki (RT) (25° C.), an rubuta ƙarfin manne na NFRCS a daidai lokacin 0.5 mm/sec.
Babban fasalin manne na tiyata shine ƙara yawan zubar jini yayin da ake rage zubar jini. An kimanta zubar jini ba tare da rasa komai ba a cikin NFRCS ta amfani da hanyar da aka buga a baya tare da ɗan gyare-gyare kaɗan. 19. Yi bututun microcentrifuge (2 ml) (diamita na ciki 10 mm) tare da rami 8 × 5 mm2 a gefe ɗaya na bututun centrifuge (yana wakiltar rauni a buɗe). Ana amfani da NFRCS don rufe buɗewar kuma ana amfani da tef don rufe gefuna na waje. Ƙara 20 µl na 0.2 M CaCl2 zuwa bututun microcentrifuge wanda ke ɗauke da premix na sodium citrate 3.8%. Bayan mintuna 10, an cire bututun microcentrifuge daga kwanuka kuma an tantance ƙaruwar yawan kwanuka saboda fitar jini daga NFRK (n = 3). An kwatanta asarar jini Ch NFRCS da Cp NFRCS da Cs.
An tantance ingancin NFRCS bisa ga hanyar da Mishra da Chaudhary21 suka bayyana tare da ƙananan gyare-gyare. Sanya NFRCS a cikin kwalbar Erlenmeyer mai milimita 100 tare da ruwa milimita 50 sannan a juya na tsawon daƙiƙa 60 ba tare da an yi saman ba. Dubawa da fifita samfuran don tabbatar da daidaiton jiki bisa ga tattarawa.
An yi nazarin ƙarfin ɗaurewar HFFC zuwa Ct ta amfani da hanyoyin da aka buga a baya tare da ƙananan gyare-gyare. An tantance ingancin rufin saman ta hanyar fallasa NFRK ga raƙuman sauti (ƙarfafawa ta waje) a gaban ruwan milliQ (Ct). An sanya NFRCS Ch da Cp NFRCS da aka haɓaka a cikin beaker cike da ruwa kuma an yi masa sonicated na tsawon minti 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, da 30, bi da bi. Bayan bushewa, an yi amfani da bambancin kashi tsakanin nauyin farko da na ƙarshe na NFRCS don ƙididdige asarar kashi na kayan (HFFC). In vitro BCT ya ƙara tallafawa ƙarfin ɗaurewa ko asarar kayan saman. Ingancin ɗaurewar HFFC zuwa Ct yana samar da coagulation na jini da kuma rufin roba a saman Ct22.
An tantance daidaiton NFRCS da aka haɓaka ta hanyar BCT na samfuran (30 MG) da aka ɗauka daga wurare daban-daban da aka zaɓa na NFRCS. Bi tsarin BCT da aka ambata a baya don tantance bin ƙa'idodin NFRCS. Kusantar tsakanin dukkan samfuran biyar yana tabbatar da rufe saman daidai da kuma ajiyar HFFC a cikin ragar Ct.
An tantance yankin da jini ke haɗuwa da shi (NBCA) kamar yadda aka ruwaito a baya tare da wasu gyare-gyare. A haɗa jinin ta hanyar matse 20 µl na jini tsakanin saman Ct, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS da Cs. Bayan awa 1, an raba sassan biyu na stent kuma an auna yankin gudan jini da hannu. Matsakaicin ƙimar maimaitawa uku an yi la'akari da shi a matsayin NBCA NFRCS19.
An yi amfani da nazarin Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) don tantance ingancin NFRCS don shan ruwa daga muhallin waje ko kuma daga wurin raunin da ke haifar da fara coagulation. DVS yana kimantawa ko yin rikodin ɗaukar tururin da asarar da aka samu a cikin samfurin ta hanyar amfani da ma'auni mai matuƙar tasiri tare da ƙudurin taro na ±0.1 µg. Ana samar da matsin lamba na tururin ɓangare (danshi mai alaƙa) ta hanyar mai sarrafa kwararar taro na lantarki a kusa da samfurin ta hanyar haɗa iskar gas mai cike da busasshe. Kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin jagororin European Pharmacopeia, bisa ga kaso na shan danshi da samfuran suka yi, an rarraba samfuran zuwa rukuni 4 (0-0.012% w/w− ba hygroscopic ba, 0.2-2% w/w ɗan hygroscopic, 2-15% matsakaici hygroscopic, da kuma > 15% sosai hygroscopic)23. Kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin jagororin European Pharmacopeia, bisa ga kaso na shan danshi da samfuran suka yi, an rarraba samfuran zuwa rukuni 4 (0-0.012% w/w− ba hygroscopic ba, 0.2-2% w/w ɗan hygroscopic, 2-15% matsakaici hygroscopic, da kuma > 15% sosai hygroscopic)23.Bisa ga shawarwarin da European Pharmacopoeia suka bayar, dangane da kashi na shan danshi da samfuran suka yi, an raba samfuran zuwa rukuni 4 (0-0.012% w/w - ba hygroscopic ba, 0.2-2% w/w ɗan hygroscopic, 2-15%).% умеренно гигроскопичен и > 15% очень гигроскопичен)23. % matsakaiciyar hygroscopic da kuma > 15% mai tsananin hygroscopic)23.根据欧洲药典指南，根据样品吸收水分的百分比，样品分为4 类（0-0.012% w/w- 㸁% w/w 轻微吸湿性、2-15% 适度吸湿，> 15% 非常吸湿）23.根据 欧洲 药典 指南 ， 根据 吸收 水分 的 百分比 样品 分为 分为 分为 分为 分为 %0-0-1%吸湿 性 、 、 、 0.2-2% W/w 轻微 2-15% 适度 吸湿 ，> 15 %非常吸湿）23Bisa ga shawarwarin da kamfanin European Pharmacopoeia ya bayar, an raba samfuran zuwa azuzuwa 4 dangane da kashi na danshi da samfurin ya sha (0-0.012% ta nauyi - ba hygroscopic ba, 0.2-2% ta nauyi ɗan hygroscopic, 2-15% ta nauyi).% умеренно гигроскопичен, > 15% очень гигроскопичен) 23. % matsakaiciyar hygroscopic, > 15% mai tsafta sosai) 23.An tantance ingancin NFCS X NFCS da TsN NFCS ta hanyar amfani da na'urar nazari ta DVS TA TGA Q5000 SA. A lokacin wannan tsari, an sami lokacin aiki, ɗanɗanon dangi (RH), da nauyin samfurin a ainihin lokaci a 25°C24. Ana ƙididdige yawan danshi ta hanyar ingantaccen nazarin taro na NFRCS ta amfani da lissafin da ke ƙasa:
MC shine danshi na NFRCS. m1 - nauyin bushewa na NSAIDs. m2 shine nauyin NFRCS na ainihin lokaci a wani takamaiman RH.
An kiyasta jimlar yankin saman ta amfani da gwajin shaye-shayen nitrogen tare da ruwa nitrogen bayan an zubar da samfuran a zafin 25 °C na tsawon awanni 10 (< 7 × 10–3 Torr). An kiyasta jimlar yankin saman ta amfani da gwajin shaye-shayen nitrogen tare da ruwa nitrogen bayan an zubar da samfuran a zafin 25 °C na tsawon awanni 10 (< 7 × 10–3 Torr). Общая площадь pоверhnosti otsениvalasь образцов при 25 °С в течение 10 ч (< 7 × 10-3 Торр). An kiyasta jimlar yankin saman ta amfani da gwajin shaye-shayen nitrogen tare da ruwa nitrogen bayan an zubar da samfuran a zafin 25°C na tsawon awanni 10 (< 7 × 10–3 Torr).在25°C 清空样品10 小时（< 7 × 10-3 Torr）后，使用液氮的氮吸附实验估计总表面积。zafin jiki na 25 ° C Общая площадь pоверhnosti otsениvalasь опорожнения образцов в течение 10 часов при 25 ° C (<7 × 10-3 торр). An kiyasta jimlar yankin saman ta amfani da gwaje-gwajen shaye-shayen nitrogen tare da ruwa nitrogen bayan an zubar da samfuran na tsawon awanni 10 a zafin 25°C (< 7 x 10-3 torr).An tantance jimlar faɗin saman, girman ramin da girman ramin NFRCS ta amfani da Quantachrome daga NOVA 1000e, Austria ta amfani da manhajar RS 232.
Shirya kashi 5% na RBCs (saline a matsayin mai narkewa) daga jini gaba ɗaya. Sannan a canja wurin kashi ɗaya na HFFC (0.25 ml) zuwa farantin rijiyar 96 da nauyin RBC 5% (0.1 ml). A saka cakuda a zafin jiki na 37°C na minti 40. An ɗauki cakuda jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da serum a matsayin mai sarrafawa mai kyau, da kuma cakuda saline da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a matsayin mai sarrafawa mara kyau. An ƙayyade hemagglutination bisa ga sikelin Stajitzky. Sikelin da aka gabatar sune kamar haka: + + + + + tarin granular mai yawa; + + + santsi na ƙasa mai gefuna masu lanƙwasa; + + santsi na ƙasa mai gefuna masu tsagewa; + kunkuntar zobba ja a kusa da gefuna masu santsi; – (mara kyau) maɓallin ja mai rarrabe 12 a tsakiyar rijiyar ƙasa.
An yi nazarin daidaiton hemocompatibility na NFRCS bisa ga hanyar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa (ISO) (ISO10993-4, 1999)26,27. Hanyar gravimetric da Singh da abokan aikinsa suka bayyana an yi ƙananan gyare-gyare don tantance samuwar thrombus a gaban ko a saman NFRCS. An saka 500 MG na Cs, Ch NFRCS da Cp NFRCS a cikin phosphate buffered saline (PBS) na tsawon awanni 24 a zafin jiki na 37°C. Bayan awanni 24, an cire PBS kuma an yi wa NFRCS magani da 2 ml na jini wanda ke ɗauke da 3.8% sodium citrate. A saman NFRCS, a ƙara 0.04 ml na 0.1 M CaCl2 a cikin samfuran da aka haɗa. Bayan mintuna 45, an ƙara 5 ml na ruwan da aka tace don dakatar da coagulation. An yi wa jinin da aka haɗa a saman NFRK magani da maganin formaldehyde 36-38%. An busar da dunƙulen da aka gyara da formaldehyde kuma an auna su. An kiyasta kaso na thrombosis ta hanyar ƙididdige nauyin gilashin ba tare da jini da samfurin ba (ikon sarrafawa mara kyau) da gilashin da jini (ikon sarrafawa mara kyau).
A matsayin tabbaci na farko, an nuna samfuran a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa ta gani don fahimtar ikon rufin saman HFFC, haɗin Ct, da hanyar sadarwa ta Ct don samar da ramuka. An gyara sassan Ch da Cp daga NFRCS da ruwan wukake. An sanya sashin da ya fito a kan gilashin zamewa, an rufe shi da murfin rufewa, kuma an gyara gefuna da manne. An duba zamewar da aka shirya a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa ta gani kuma an ɗauki hotuna a girma daban-daban.
An yi amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta haske bisa ga hanyar da Rice et al.29 suka bayyana, wajen tantance bayanan polymer a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na Ct. An haɗa sinadarin HFFC da aka yi amfani da shi wajen hada sinadarin da fenti mai haske (amaranth), kuma an shirya NFRCS (Ch & Cp) kamar yadda aka ambata a baya. An haɗa sinadarin HFFC da aka yi amfani da shi wajen hada sinadarin da fenti mai haske (amaranth), kuma an shirya NFRCS (Ch & Cp) kamar yadda aka ambata a baya.An haɗa sinadarin HFFC da aka yi amfani da shi wajen yin hadawa da fenti mai haske (amaranth) sannan aka samo NFRCS (Ch da Cp) bisa ga hanyar da aka ambata a baya.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合。将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合。An haɗa sinadarin HFFC da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan tsari da fenti mai haske (Amaranth) kuma ya karɓi NFRCS (Ch da Cp), kamar yadda aka ambata a baya.An yanke sassan NFRK masu siriri daga samfuran da aka samo, an sanya su a kan gilashin zane-zane, sannan aka rufe su da murfin zane. Ka lura da zane-zanen da aka shirya a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa mai haske ta amfani da matattara kore (310-380 nm). An ɗauki hotuna a girman 4x don fahimtar alaƙar Ct da yawan adana polymer a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta Ct.
An tantance yanayin saman NFRCS Ch da Cp ta amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta ƙarfin atomic (AFM) tare da mai auna TESP mai kaifi sosai a yanayin taɓawa: 42 N/m, 320 kHz, ROC 2-5 nm, Bruker, Taiwan. An tantance yanayin saman ta hanyar matsakaicin tushen murabba'i (RMS) ta amfani da software (Scanning Probe Image Processor). An nuna wurare daban-daban na NFRCS akan hotunan 3D don duba daidaiton saman. An bayyana daidaitaccen karkacewar maki don wani yanki da aka bayar a matsayin rashin daidaiton saman. An yi amfani da lissafin RMS don auna tsananin saman NFRCS31.
An gudanar da bincike-bincike bisa FESEM ta amfani da FESEM, SU8000, HI-0876-0003, Hitachi, Tokyo, don fahimtar yanayin saman Ch NFRCS da Cp NFRCS, wanda ya nuna BCT mafi kyau fiye da Cm NFRCS. An gudanar da binciken FESEM bisa ga hanyar da Zhao et al. 32 suka bayyana tare da ƙananan gyare-gyare. An haɗa NFRCS 20 zuwa 30 mg Ch NFRCS da Cp NFRCS tare da 20 µl na 3.8% sodium citrate da aka haɗa da jinin bera. An ƙara 20 μl na 0.2 M CaCl2 a cikin samfuran da aka yi wa magani da jini don fara coagulation kuma an sanya samfuran a zafin ɗaki na minti 10. Bugu da ƙari, an cire ƙwayoyin erythrocytes da suka wuce gona da iri daga saman NFRCS ta hanyar kurkura da saline.
An yi wa samfuran da suka biyo baya magani da kashi 0.1% na glutaraldehyde sannan a busar da su a cikin tanda mai zafi a digiri 37 na Celsius don cire danshi. An shafa wa samfuran busassun kuma an yi nazari a kansu. Sauran hotunan da aka samu a lokacin binciken sun haɗa da samuwar gudan jini a saman zare na auduga, ajiyar polymer tsakanin Ct, yanayin erythrocyte (siffar), daidaiton gudan jini, da kuma yanayin erythrocyte a gaban NFRCS. An duba yankunan NFRCS marasa magani da wuraren NFRCS da aka yi wa magani da Ch da Cp waɗanda aka saka jini don gano ions na elemental (sodium, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper da selenium)33. Kwatanta kashi na ion na elemental tsakanin samfuran da aka yi wa magani da waɗanda ba a yi wa magani ba don fahimtar tarin ion na elemental yayin samuwar gudan jini da kuma daidaiton gudan jini.
An tantance kauri na murfin saman Cp HFFC akan saman Ct ta amfani da FESEM. An yanke sassan giciye na Cp NFRCS daga tsarin kuma an shafa sputter. An lura da samfuran murfin sputter da FESEM ta hanyar duba kuma an auna kauri na murfin saman 34, 35, 36.
X-ray micro-CT yana ba da hoton 3D mai ƙuduri mai girma wanda ba ya lalatawa kuma yana ba ku damar yin nazarin tsarin tsarin ciki na NFRK. Micro-CT yana amfani da hasken X-ray wanda ke ratsa samfurin don yin rikodin ma'aunin rage layin layi na X-ray a cikin samfurin, wanda ke taimakawa wajen samun bayanan yanayin jiki. An bincika wurin Ct na ciki a cikin Cp NFRCS da Cp NFRCS da aka yi wa magani da jini ta hanyar micro-CT don fahimtar ingancin sha da kuma zubar jini a gaban NFRCS37,38,39. An sake gina tsarin 3D na samfuran Cp NFRCS da aka yi wa magani da kuma waɗanda ba a yi wa magani ba ta amfani da micro-CT (V|tome|x S240, Phoenix, Jamus). Ta amfani da software na VG STUDIO-MAX sigar 2.2, an ɗauki hotunan X-ray da yawa daga kusurwoyi daban-daban (mafi kyawun rufewa 360°) don haɓaka hotunan 3D don NFRCS. An sake gina bayanan hasashen da aka tattara zuwa hotunan volumetric 3D ta amfani da software mai sauƙi na 3D ScanIP Academic.
Bugu da ƙari, don fahimtar yadda jini ke yaɗuwa, an ƙara µl na jini mai gauraye da aka haɗa da kuma µl na 0.2 M CaCl2 a cikin NFRCS don fara zubar jini. An bar samfuran da aka shirya su taurare. An yi wa saman NFRK magani da 0.5% glutaraldehyde kuma an busar da shi a cikin tanda mai zafi a zafin 30-40°C na tsawon minti 30. An duba jinin da aka samu a kan NFRCS, an sake gina shi, kuma an nuna hoton 3D na zubar jinin.
An yi gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta a kan Cp NFRCS (mafi kyau idan aka kwatanta da Ch NFRCS) ta amfani da hanyar da aka bayyana a baya tare da ƙananan gyare-gyare. An tantance aikin ƙwayoyin cuta na Cp NFRCS da Cp HFFC ta amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku na gwaji [S.aureus (ƙwayoyin cuta na gram-positive), E.coli (ƙwayoyin cuta na gram-negative) da farin Candida (C.albicans)] waɗanda ke tsiro a kan agar a cikin abincin Petri a cikin incubator. A yi allurar 50 ml na maganin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka narkar a cikin adadin 105-106 CFU ml-1 a ​​kan maganin agar. A zuba maganin a cikin abincin Petri a bar shi ya yi ƙarfi. An yi rijiyoyi a saman farantin agar don a cika da HFFC (rijiyoyi 3 don HFFC da 1 don sarrafa rashin lafiya). A ƙara HFFC 200 µl zuwa rijiyoyi 3 da pH 200 µl 7.4 PBS zuwa rijiyar ta 4. A ɗayan gefen farantin petri, sanya faifan NFRCS mai girman mm 12 a kan agar ɗin da aka taurare sannan a jiƙa shi da PBS (pH 7.4). Ana ɗaukar allunan Ciprofloxacin, ampicillin da fluconazole a matsayin ma'aunin ma'auni don Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli da Candida albicans. A auna yankin hanawa da hannu kuma a ɗauki hoton dijital na yankin hanawa.
Bayan amincewa da ɗabi'un cibiyoyi, an gudanar da binciken a Kwalejin Ilimi da Bincike ta Kasturba Medical College da ke Manipal, Karnataka, a kudancin Indiya. Kwamitin Ɗabi'un Cibiyoyi na Kwalejin Lafiya ta Kasturba, Manipal, Karnataka ya sake duba kuma ya amince da yarjejeniyar gwajin TEG ta in vitro (IEC: 674/2020). An ɗauki waɗanda suka yi aikin daga masu ba da gudummawar jini na sa-kai (masu shekaru 18 zuwa 55) daga bankin jini na asibiti. Bugu da ƙari, an sami fom ɗin amincewa da bayanai daga masu aikin sa-kai don tattara samfuran jini. An yi amfani da TEG na asali (N-TEG) ​​don nazarin tasirin tsarin Cp HFFC akan cikakken jini da aka haɗa da sodium citrate. An san N-TEG sosai saboda rawar da take takawa wajen farfaɗo da jini, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli ga likitoci saboda yuwuwar samun jinkiri mai mahimmanci a asibiti a sakamakon (gwajin coagulation na yau da kullun). An gudanar da nazarin N-TEG ta amfani da cikakken jini. An sami izini da cikakken tarihin likita daga duk mahalarta. Binciken bai haɗa da mahalarta da ke da matsalolin hemostatic ko thrombotic kamar ciki/bayan haihuwa ko cutar hanta ba. An kuma cire waɗanda ke shan magunguna waɗanda ke shafar tsarin coagulation na jini daga binciken. An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje na asali (hemoglobin, lokacin prothrombin, thromboplastin mai kunnawa da ƙididdigar platelet) ga duk mahalarta bisa ga hanyoyin da aka saba. N-TEG yana tantance viscoelasticity na coagulation na jini, tsarin coagulation na farko, hulɗar barbashi, ƙarfafa coagulation, da kuma lysis na coagulation. Binciken N-TEG yana ba da bayanai na zane da na lambobi kan tasirin haɗin gwiwa na abubuwa da yawa na ƙwayoyin halitta da plasma. An gudanar da binciken N-TEG akan juzu'i biyu daban-daban na Cp HFFC (10 µl da 50 µl). Sakamakon haka, an ƙara 1 ml na jini gaba ɗaya tare da citric acid zuwa 10 μl na Cp HFFC. Ƙara 1 ml (Cp HFFC + jinin citrate), 340 µl na jini gauraye zuwa 20 µl 0.2 M CaCl2 wanda ke ɗauke da abincin TEG. Bayan haka, an ɗora kwano na TEG a cikin TEG® 5000, US don auna R, K, kusurwar alpha, MA, G, CI, TPI, EPL, LY kashi 30% na samfuran jini a gaban Cp HFFC41.
Kwamitin Ɗabi'ar Dabbobi na Cibiya (IAEC), Makarantar Magunguna ta Kasturba, Cibiyar Ilimi Mai zurfi ta Manipal, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020) ya sake duba kuma ya amince da yarjejeniyar nazarin in vivo. An gudanar da dukkan gwaje-gwajen dabbobi bisa ga shawarwarin Kwamitin Kulawa da Kula da Gwajin Dabbobi (CPCSEA). An gudanar da dukkan nazarin NFRCS (2 × 2 cm2) a kan berayen Wistar mata (masu nauyin 200 zuwa 250 g). An daidaita dukkan dabbobi a zafin jiki na 24-26°C, dabbobin suna da damar samun abinci da ruwa kyauta a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar. An raba dukkan dabbobi zuwa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban bazuwar, kowace ƙungiya ta ƙunshi dabbobi uku. An gudanar da dukkan nazarin bisa ga Nazarin Dabbobi: Rahoton Gwaje-gwajen In Vivo 43. Kafin binciken, an yi wa dabbobin allurar sa barci ta hanyar amfani da cakuda 20-50 MG na ketamine (a kowace kilogiram 1 na nauyin jiki) da 2-10 MG na xylazine (a kowace kilogiram 1 na nauyin jiki). Bayan binciken, an ƙididdige yawan jinin ta hanyar kimanta bambanci tsakanin nauyin farko da na ƙarshe na samfuran, matsakaicin ƙimar da aka samu daga gwaje-gwaje uku an ɗauka a matsayin yawan jinin samfurin.
An aiwatar da samfurin yanke wutsiyar bera don fahimtar yuwuwar NFRCS don daidaita zubar jini a lokacin rauni, yaƙi, ko haɗarin zirga-zirga (samfurin rauni). A yanke kashi 50% na wutsiya da ruwan wuka a sanya a cikin iska na tsawon daƙiƙa 15 don tabbatar da zubar jini na yau da kullun. Bugu da ƙari, an sanya samfuran gwaji a kan wutsiyar bera ta hanyar amfani da matsi (Ct, Cs, Ch NFRCS da Cp NFRCS). An bayar da rahoton zubar jini da PCT don samfuran gwaji (n = 3)17,45.
An binciki ingancin sarrafa matsin lamba na NFRCS a yaƙi bisa ga samfurin jijiyar femoral ta sama. Ana fallasa jijiyar femoral, a huda ta da trocar 24G, sannan a zubar da jini cikin daƙiƙa 15. Bayan an ga zubar jini ba tare da kulawa ba, ana sanya samfurin gwajin a wurin huda tare da sanya matsin lamba. Nan da nan bayan an yi amfani da samfurin gwajin, an rubuta lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen zubar jini kuma an lura da ingancin hemostatic na tsawon mintuna 5 masu zuwa. An maimaita wannan aikin tare da Cs da Ct46.
Dowling da abokan aikinsa 47 sun gabatar da samfurin raunin hanta don tantance yuwuwar hemostatic na kayan hemostatic a cikin mahallin zubar jini a lokacin tiyata. An rubuta BCT don samfuran Ct (ikon hana cutarwa), tsarin Cs (ikon hana cutarwa), samfuran Ch NFRCS, da samfuran Cp NFRCS. An fallasa suprahepatic vena cava na bera ta hanyar yin aikin laparotomy na tsakiya. Bayan haka, an yanke ɓangaren gefen hagu da almakashi. Yi yanka a cikin hanta da ruwan wukake sannan a bar shi ya yi jini na ɗan lokaci. An sanya samfuran gwajin Ch NFRCS da Cp NFRCS waɗanda aka auna daidai a saman da ya lalace ba tare da wani matsin lamba mai kyau ba kuma an rubuta BCT. Sai ƙungiyar kulawa (Ct) ta yi matsin lamba sannan Cs 30 s47 ta biyo baya ba tare da karya raunin ba.
An yi gwajin warkar da raunuka ta amfani da samfurin tiyatar cire raunuka don tantance halayen warkar da raunuka na NFRCSs da aka haɓaka bisa ga polymer. An zaɓi samfuran tiyatar cire raunuka kuma an yi su bisa ga hanyoyin da aka buga a baya tare da ƙananan gyare-gyare19,32,48. An yi wa dukkan dabbobi maganin sa barci kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya. Yi amfani da naushin biopsy (12 mm) don yin yanke mai zurfi a cikin fatar baya. An yi wa wuraren da aka shirya raunuka ado da Cs (ikon sarrafawa mai kyau), Ct (gane cewa auduga yana tsoma baki ga warkarwa), Ch NFRCS da Cp NFRCS (ƙungiyar gwaji) da kuma maganin hana cutar ba tare da wani magani ba. A kowace rana ta binciken, an auna yankin raunin a cikin dukkan beraye. Yi amfani da kyamarar dijital don ɗaukar hoton yankin raunin kuma a saka sabon magani. An auna kaso na rufe rauni ta hanyar dabarar da ke ƙasa:
Dangane da kaso na rufe raunuka a rana ta 12 ta binciken, an cire fatar bera ta ƙungiyar mafi kyau ((Cp NFRCS) da ƙungiyar kula da lafiya) kuma an yi nazari a kanta ta hanyar amfani da fenti na H&E da kuma fenti na trichrome na Masson. Dangane da kaso na rufe raunuka a rana ta 12 ta binciken, an cire fatar bera ta ƙungiyar mafi kyau ((Cp NFRCS) da ƙungiyar kula da lafiya) kuma an yi nazari a kanta ta hanyar amfani da fenti na H&E da kuma fenti na trichrome na Masson.Dangane da kaso na rufe raunuka a rana ta 12 ta binciken, an cire fatar beraye na ƙungiyar mafi kyau ((Cp NFRCS) da ƙungiyar masu kula da lafiya) kuma an duba su ta hanyar yin fenti da hematoxylin-eosin da kuma trichrome na Masson.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp) NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠皮肤，进行H&E染色和Masson三色染色研究。根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp) NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠皮肤，进行H&E染色和眳组）An cire beraye a cikin mafi kyawun rukuni ((Cp NFRCS) da ƙungiyoyin kulawa) saboda tabon hematoxylin-eosin da tabon trichrome na Masson bisa ga kashi na rufe rauni a rana ta 12 na binciken.An gudanar da tsarin tabo da aka aiwatar bisa ga hanyoyin da aka bayyana a baya49,50. A takaice, bayan an haɗa shi da kashi 10% na formalin, an cire samfuran ta amfani da jerin barasa masu daraja. Yi amfani da microtome don samun sassa na siriri (kauri 5 µm) na kyallen da aka cire. An yi wa sassan sirara na sarrafawa da Cp NFRCS magani da hematoxylin da eosin don nazarin canje-canjen histopathological. An yi amfani da tabon trichrome na Masson don gano samuwar collagen fibrils. Masana cututtuka sun yi nazarin sakamakon da aka samu ba tare da wata alama ba.
An yi nazarin daidaiton samfuran Cp NFRCS a zafin ɗaki (25°C ± 2°C/60% RH ± 5%) na tsawon watanni 1251. An duba Cp NFRCS (canza launin saman da girman ƙwayoyin cuta) a ido kuma an gwada shi don juriyar lanƙwasa da BCT bisa ga hanyoyin da ke sama da aka bayyana a cikin sashin Kayan Aiki da Hanyoyi.
An duba yadda Cp NFRCS ke iya canzawa da kuma yadda yake sake haifuwa ta hanyar shirya Cp NFRCS mai girman 15×15 cm2. Bugu da ƙari, an cire samfuran 30 MG (n = 5) daga sassa daban-daban na Cp NFRCS kuma an kimanta BCT na samfuran da aka yi nazari a kansu kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya a cikin sashin Hanyoyi.
Mun yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar siffofi da tsari daban-daban ta amfani da abubuwan da aka haɗa na Cp NFRCS don aikace-aikacen likitanci daban-daban. Irin waɗannan siffofi ko tsare-tsare sun haɗa da swab mai siffar kono don zubar jinin hanci, hanyoyin haƙori, da swab mai siffar silinda don zubar jinin farji.
An bayyana dukkan saitin bayanai a matsayin matsakaicin ± karkacewar daidaito kuma an yi nazari da ANOVA ta amfani da Prism 5.03 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, Amurka) sannan aka bi gwajin kwatancen Bonferroni da yawa (*p<0.05).
Duk hanyoyin da aka gudanar a nazarin ɗan adam sun yi daidai da ƙa'idodin Cibiyar da Majalisar Bincike ta Ƙasa, da kuma Sanarwar Helsinki ta 1964 da gyare-gyaren da aka yi daga baya, ko kuma irin waɗannan ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a. An sanar da duk mahalarta game da fasalulluka na binciken da kuma yanayin sa na son rai. Bayanan mahalarta za su kasance sirri da zarar an tattara su. Kwamitin Ɗabi'un Cibiyoyi na Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasturba, Manipal, Karnataka, ya sake duba kuma ya amince da yarjejeniyar gwaji ta TEG ta in vitro (IEC: 674/2020). Masu sa kai sun sanya hannu kan amincewa da karɓar samfuran jini.
An gudanar da dukkan gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a nazarin dabbobi bisa ga Kastuba Faculty of Medicine, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020). An gudanar da duk gwaje-gwajen dabbobi bisa ga ka'idojin Kwamitin Kulawa da Kula da Gwajin Dabbobi (CPCSEA). Duk marubutan suna bin ka'idojin ARRIVE.
An yi nazarin FTIR na dukkan NFRCS kuma an kwatanta su da bakan chitosan da aka nuna a Hoto na 2A. Halayen kololuwar spectra na chitosan (an yi rikodin) a 3437 cm-1 (OH da NH, an haɗa su), 2945 da 2897 cm-1 (Tsayawa CH), 1660 cm-1 (nau'in NH2), 1589 cm-1 (lanƙwasa N-H), 1157 cm-1 (Tsayawa gada O-), 1067 cm-1 (Tsayawa C-O, hydroxyl na biyu), 993 cm-1 (Tsayawa CO, Bo-OH) 52.53.54. Tebur na Ƙarin S1 yana nuna ƙimar FTIR NFRCS na sha don chitosan (mai rahoto), chitosan tsantsa, Cm, Ch, da Cp. Siffar FTIR ta dukkan NFRCS (Cm, Ch da Cp) ta nuna nau'ikan madaurin sha iri ɗaya kamar tsantsar chitosan ba tare da wani canji mai mahimmanci ba (Hoto na 2A). Sakamakon FTIR ya tabbatar da rashin hulɗar sinadarai ko ta jiki tsakanin polymers da aka yi amfani da su don ƙirƙirar NFRCS, yana nuna cewa polymers da aka yi amfani da su ba su da aiki.
Siffar Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS da Cs a cikin vitro. (A) yana wakiltar haɗin FTIR na abubuwan da ke cikin chitosan da Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS da Cp NFRCS a ƙarƙashin matsi. (B) a) Adadin shan jini gaba ɗaya na NFRCS Cm, Ch, Cp, da Cg (n = 3); Samfuran Ct sun nuna BAR mafi girma saboda audugar auduga tana da ingantaccen sha; b) Jini bayan shan jini. Zane na samfurin da aka sha. Wakiltar zane na BCT na samfurin gwaji C (Cp NFRCS yana da mafi kyawun BCT (15 s, n = 3)). An nuna bayanai a cikin C, D, E, da G a matsayin matsakaicin ± SD, kuma sandunan kuskuren suna wakiltar SD, ***p < 0.0001. An nuna bayanai a cikin C, D, E, da G a matsayin matsakaicin ± SD, kuma sandunan kuskuren suna wakiltar SD, ***p < 0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G представлены каксреднее отклонение, *** p <0,0001. An gabatar da bayanai a cikin C, D, E, da G a matsayin matsakaicin ± karkacewar daidaito, kuma sandunan kuskure suna wakiltar karkacewar daidaito, ***p<0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001。 C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001。 Данные в C, D, E и G показаны как среднее значение ±. отклонение, *** p <0,0001. An nuna bayanai a cikin C, D, E, da G a matsayin matsakaicin ± karkacewar daidaito, sandunan kuskure suna wakiltar karkacewar daidaito, ***p<0.0001.