Mahalo no kou kipa ʻana iā Nature.com. ʻO ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele āu e hoʻohana nei he kākoʻo CSS kaupalena. No ka ʻike maikaʻi loa, manaʻo mākou e hoʻohana i kahi polokalamu kele pūnaewele hou (a i ʻole e hoʻopau i ke ʻano Compatibility Mode ma Internet Explorer). I kēia manawa, e hōʻoia i ke kākoʻo mau ʻana, e hāʻawi mākou i ka pūnaewele me ka ʻole o nā ʻano a me JavaScript.
ʻO ke kahe koko ʻole kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka make. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hemostasis wikiwiki e hōʻoia i ke ola ʻana o ke kumuhana ma ke ʻano he kōkua mua i ka wā hakakā, nā ulia kaʻa, a me nā hana hoʻemi make. ʻO ka nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) i loaʻa mai kahi haku mele hemostatic film-forming composition (HFFC) ma ke ʻano he hana hoʻomau hiki ke hoʻoulu a hoʻonui i ka hemostasis. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka NFRCS ma ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻēheu o ka dragonfly. ʻO ka ʻēheu dragonfly he mau ʻēheu transverse a longitudinal, a ua pili nā ʻēheu ʻēheu i kekahi i kekahi e mālama i ka pono o ka microstructure. Hoʻopili like ʻo HFFC i ka ʻili o ka fiber me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka mānoanoa nanometer a hoʻohui i ka mānoanoa pulupulu puʻupuʻu i puʻunaue ʻia (Ct) (kahi hoʻopuehu) e hana i kahi ʻano nanoporous. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻāpana hoʻomau a hoʻopuehu ʻia e hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka huahana i nā manawa he ʻumi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā huahana i loaʻa i ke kālepa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka NFRCS i hoʻololi ʻia (nā tampons a i ʻole wristbands) i nā ʻano noiʻi biomedical. Ua hoʻoholo nā haʻawina vivo i ka Cp NFRCS i hoʻomohala ʻia a hoʻonui i ke kaʻina coagulation ma ke kahua o ka noi. Hiki i ka NFRCS ke hoʻololi i ka microenvironment a hana i ka pae cellular ma muli o kona ʻano nanoporous e hopena ai i ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ʻeha ma ke kumu hoʻohālike excision.
ʻO ke kahe koko ʻole i ka wā o ka hakakā, intraoperative a me nā pilikia pilikia hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola o ka poʻe ʻeha1. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau kūlana i ka piʻi holoʻokoʻa o ka pale ʻana i nā vascular peripheral, e alakaʻi ana i ka haʻalulu hemorrhagic. ʻO nā hana kūpono e hoʻomalu ai i ke koko i ka wā a ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana i manaʻo ʻia he mea weliweli i ke ola2,3. ʻO ka pōʻino i nā moku nui e alakaʻi i ka nui o ke koko, e hopena i ka nui o ka make o ≤ 50% i ka hakakā a me 31% i ka wā o ke kaʻina1. ʻO ke kahe nui o ke koko ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ke kino, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka puka ʻana o ka naʻau. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka pale ʻana o nā vascular peripheral a me ka holomua o ka microcirculation e alakaʻi i ka hypoxia i nā ʻāpana kākoʻo ola. Hiki ke haʻalulu hemorrhagic inā hoʻomau ke ʻano me ka ʻole o ka hana kūpono1,4,5. ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hypothermia a me ka metabolic acidosis, a me kahi maʻi coagulation e pale ana i ke kaʻina coagulation. Hoʻopili ʻia ka haʻalulu hemorrhagic koʻikoʻi me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka make6,7,8. I ka haʻalulu o ka papa III (progressive), pono ka hoʻokahe koko no ke ola o ka maʻi i ka wā o ka maʻi intraoperative a me ka postoperative a me ka make. No ka lanakila ʻana i nā kūlana weliweli a pau i luna, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) e hoʻohana ana i kahi kaila polymer liʻiliʻi (0.5%) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā polymers hemostatic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fiber reinforcement, hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia nā huahana kumukūʻai. Ua like nā lau i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me ke ʻano o ka ʻēheu o ka dragonfly, i kaulike ʻia e nā kaha ākea a me ke kūpaʻa ma nā ʻēheu. ʻO nā veins transverse a longitudinal o ka ʻēheu e kamaʻilio me ka membrane ʻēheu (Fig. 1). Aia ka NFRCS i ka Ct i hoʻoikaika ʻia ma ke ʻano he scaffold system me ka ikaika kino a me ka mechanical (Figure 1). Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana a me ka hana hana, makemake nā kauka lapaʻau e hoʻohana i nā anana milo pulupulu (Ct) i ka wā o ka hana a me nā lole. No laila, e noʻonoʻo ana i kāna mau pōmaikaʻi he nui, me ka> 90% crystalline cellulose (e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana hemostatic), ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ct ma ke ʻano he skeletal system o NFRCS9,10. No laila, e noʻonoʻo ana i kāna mau pōmaikaʻi he nui, me ka> 90% crystalline cellulose (e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana hemostatic), ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ct ma ke ʻano he skeletal system o NFRCS9,10. Следовательно, учитывая его многочисленные преимущества, в том числе > 90% кристаллической целлюлозы (учнишвил гемостатической активности), Ct использовали в качестве скелетной системы NFRCS9,10. No laila, hāʻawi ʻia i kāna mau pōmaikaʻi he nui, me ka> 90% crystalline cellulose (i komo i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana hemostatic), ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ct e like me ka NFRCS skeletal system9,10.因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90% 的结晶纤维素（有助于增强止血活性作看1活性佉，NF00的骨架系统。因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90%No laila, hāʻawi ʻia i kāna mau pōmaikaʻi he nui, me ka 90% crystalline cellulose (kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hana hemostatic), ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ct ma ke ʻano he scaffold no NFRCS9,10.Ua uhi ʻia ʻo Ct (ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni nano-mānoanoa) a pili pū me kahi haku mele hemostatic film-forming composition (HFFC). Hana ʻo HFFC e like me ka matrigel, e hoʻopaʻa pū ana iā Ct. ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā e hoʻouna i ke koʻikoʻi i loko o ka māhele dispersed (hoʻoikaika i nā fibers). He paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hale nanoporous me ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana polymer liʻiliʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole no nā noi biomedical like ʻole.
Hōʻike ke kiʻi i ke kiʻikuhi o ka hoʻolālā NFRCS ma muli o ke ʻano ʻēheu dragonfly (A). Hōʻike kēia kiʻi i kahi hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike o ke ʻano ʻēheu o kahi dragonfly (ua hui pū ʻia nā veins intersecting a longitudinal o ka ʻēheu) a me kahi photomicrograph cross-sectional o Cp NFRCS (B). Hōʻike hoʻolālā o NFRCS.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā NFRC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka HFFC ma ke ʻano he hana mau e hoʻoponopono ai i nā palena i luna. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka HFFC i nā polymers hemostatic hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ka chitosan (ma ke ʻano he polymer hemostatic nui) me ka methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 50 cp) a me ka polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) (125 kDa) ma ke ʻano he polymer kākoʻo e hāpai i ka hana thrombus. hoʻokumu. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka NFRCS. Hoʻohui ʻia ka Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka polymer i nā hui polymer i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻEkolu mau haku mele HFFC hemostatic (Cm HFFC, Ch HFFC a me Cp HFFC), ʻo ia hoʻi ka chitosan me MC (Cm), chitosan me HPMC (Ch), a me chitosan me PVA (Cp), ua hoʻohana ʻia iā Ct. Ua hōʻoia nā ʻano haʻawina ʻano in vitro a in vivo i ka hana hemostatic a me ka hōʻeha ʻeha o NFRCS. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui i hāʻawi ʻia e NFRCS e hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka scaffolding e hoʻokō i nā pono kikoʻī.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka NFRCS ma ke ʻano he bandage a i ʻole ka ʻōwili e uhi i ka ʻāpana ʻeha holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. No nā ʻeha ʻeha hakakā, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻolālā NFRCS i hoʻolālā ʻia i ka hapalua lima a i ʻole ka wāwae piha (Supplementary Figure S11). Hiki ke hana ʻia ka NFRCS i pūlima lima me ke kolu ʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻōki i ke koko mai nā ʻeha lima lima suicidal koʻikoʻi. ʻO kā mākou pahuhopu nui ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi NFRCS me ka polymer liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kahi heluna nui (ma lalo o ka laina ʻilihune) a hiki ke waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pahu kōkua mua. Maʻalahi, kūpono, a me ka waiwai i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, pōmaikaʻi ʻo NFRCS i nā kaiāulu kūloko a hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena honua.
Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Chitosan (ke kaumaha molekula 80 kDa) a me ka amaranth mai Merck, India. Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 Cp, polyethylene glycol 400 a me methylcellulose mai Loba Chemie Pvt. LLC, Mumbai. Ua kūʻai ʻia ka waiʻona polyvinyl (ke kaumaha molekula 125 kDa) (87-90% hydrolysed) mai National Chemicals, Gujarat. Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 mai Molychem, Mumbai, ua kūʻai ʻia nā swabs sterile mai Ramaraju Surgery Cotton Mills Ltd., Tamil Nadu, me ka wai Milli Q (Direct-Q3 wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻōnaehana, Merck, India) ma ke ʻano he mea lawe.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka NFRCS me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala lyophilization11,12. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā haku mele HFFC a pau (Paukū 1) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe mechanical. E hoʻomākaukau i kahi hopena 0.5% o chitosan me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 1% acetic acid i loko o ka wai ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka 800 rpm ma kahi mea hoʻoulu mechanical. ʻO ke kaumaha pololei o ka polymer i hoʻouka ʻia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1 ua hoʻohui ʻia i ka wai chitosan a hoʻoulu ʻia a loaʻa kahi hopena polymer māmā. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo PVP K30 a me PEG 400 i ka hui ʻana o ka hopena i nā huina i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1, a ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi solution polymer viscous akaka. Ua sonicated ka ʻauʻau hopena o ka hopena polymer no 60 mau minuke e hoʻoneʻe i nā ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka hui polymer. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi Pākuʻi S1 (b), ua māhele like ʻia ʻo Ct i kēlā me kēia luawai o kahi pā 6-well (mold) i hoʻohui ʻia me 5 ml o HFFC.
Ua sonicated ka papa ʻeono-puna no 60 min e hoʻokō i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka HFFC i ka pūnaewele Ct. A laila hoʻokuʻu i ka pā ʻeono punawai ma -20 ° C no nā hola 8-12. Ua lyophilized nā pā paʻukū no 48 mau hola e loaʻa ai nā ʻano hana like ʻole o NFRCS. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana like no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hale, e like me nā tampons a i ʻole cylindrical tampons, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe no nā noi like ʻole.
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka chitosan i kaupaona pololei ʻia (80 kDa) (3%) i ka 1% acetic acid me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoulu magnetic. I ka hopena hopena o ka chitosan ua hoʻohui ʻia 1% PEG 400 a hoʻoulu ʻia no 30 mau minuke. E ninini i ka hopena o ka hopena i loko o kahi pahu kūhā a i ʻole ʻāpana ʻāpana a hoʻokuʻu i -80 ° C no 12 mau hola. Ua lyophilized nā laʻana paʻa hau no 48 mau hola e loaʻa ai ka porous Cs13.
Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka NFRCS i kūkulu ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Shimadzu 8400 s FTIR, Tokyo, Iapana) e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohālikelike kemika o chitosan me nā polymers14,15. Ua loaʻa ka FTIR spectra (ākea o ka spectral range mai 400 a 4000 cm-1) o nā laʻana a pau i hoʻāʻo ʻia ma ka hana ʻana i 32 scans.
Ua loiloi ʻia ka helu ʻana o ke koko (BAR) no nā ʻano hana āpau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e Chen et al. 16 me nā hoʻololi iki. Ua hoʻomaloʻo ʻia nā NFRK i kūkulu ʻia o nā haku mele a pau i loko o ka umu ʻumehana ma 105°C i ka pō no ka wehe ʻana i ke koena solvent. ʻO 30 mg NFRCS (ke kaumaha kumu mua - W0) a me 30 mg Ct (mana maikaʻi) ua waiho ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha ʻokoʻa i loaʻa kahi premix o 3.8% sodium citrate. Ma nā manawa i koho mua ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 a me 60 kekona, ua wehe ʻia ka NFRCS a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ko lākou mau ʻili i ke koko i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia ma ke kau ʻana i nā laʻana ma Ct no 30 kekona. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ke kaumaha hope loa o ke koko i lawe ʻia e NFRCS 16 (W1) i kēlā me kēia manawa. E helu i ka pākēneka BAR me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālike:
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka manawa hoʻopaʻa koko (BCT) e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e Wang et al. 17 . ʻO ka manawa i koi ʻia no ke koko holoʻokoʻa (ke koko ʻiole i hui mua ʻia me 3.8% sodium citrate) e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i mua o ka NFRCS ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he BCT o ka hāpana hoʻāʻo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana NFRCS like ʻole (30 mg) i loko o 10 ml screw cap vials a hoʻokomo ʻia ma 37°C. Hoʻohui ʻia ke koko (0.5 ml) i ka hue a ua hoʻohui ʻia ka 0.3 ml o 0.2 M CaCl2 e hoʻoikaika i ka coagulation koko. ʻO ka hope loa, e hoʻohuli i ka hue i kēlā me kēia 15 kekona (a hiki i 180°) a hiki i ka puka ʻana o kahi clot paʻa. ʻO ka BCT o ka laʻana i manaʻo ʻia e ka helu o nā pale pale17,18. Ma muli o ka BCT, ua koho ʻia ʻelua mau haku mele maikaʻi loa mai NFRCS Cm, Ch a me Cp no ke aʻo ʻana hou aku.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka BCT o Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS haku mele ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e Li et al. 19 . E kau i ka 15 x 15 mm2 Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS, a me Cs (ka mana maikaʻi) i loko o nā kīʻaha Petri ʻokoʻa (37 °C). Hoʻohui ʻia ke koko i loko o 3.8% sodium citrate me 0.2 M CaCl2 i loko o kahi ratio 10:1 e hoʻomaka ai i ke kaʻina hoʻopaʻa koko. Hoʻopili ʻia 20 µl o 0.2 M CaCl2 hui koko ʻiole i ka ʻili o ka laʻana a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pā Petri ʻole. Ua ninini ʻia ke koko i loko o nā kīʻaha Petri ʻole me Ct. Ma nā manawa paʻa o 0, 3, a me 5 mau minuke, e hoʻopau i ka clotting ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i 10 ml o ka wai deionized (DI) i ka laʻana i loko o ka ipu me ka hoʻopilikia ʻole i ka clot. ʻO nā erythrocytes i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia (erythrocytes) e hana i ka hemolysis i mua o ka wai deionized a hoʻokuʻu i ka hemoglobin. Ua ana ʻia ka Hemoglobin ma nā wahi manawa like ʻole (HA(t)) ma 540 nm (λmax hemoglobin) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi spectrophotometer UV-Vis. ʻO ka absorption piha o ka hemoglobin (AH(0)) i 0 min o 20 µl o ke koko i 10 ml o ka wai deionized i lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he maʻamau kuhikuhi. Ua helu ʻia ka lawe ʻana o ka hemoglobin pili (RHA) o ke koko coagulated mai ka ratio HA(t)/HA(0) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūʻulu koko like.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoponopono kikokikona (Texture Pro CT V1.3 Build 15, Brookfield, USA), ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā waiwai paʻa o NFRK i nā ʻiʻo i hōʻino ʻia. E kaomi i kahi kīʻaha cylindrical hāmama i loko o ka ʻili puaʻa (me ka ʻole o ka momona momona). Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā laʻana (Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS) ma o ka cannula i loko o nā mole cylindrical e hoʻopili ai i ka ʻili o ka puaʻa. Ma hope o ka 3 minuke incubation ma ka lumi wela (RT) (25 ° C.), ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ikaika adhesive NFRCS ma ka helu mau o 0.5 mm / sec.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke koko ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i ke kahe koko. Ua loiloi ʻia ka coagulation Lossless ma NFRCS me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala i paʻi mua ʻia me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi 19. E hana i ka paipu microcentrifuge (2 ml) (ke anawaena o loko 10 mm) me ka puka 8 × 5 mm2 ma kekahi aoao o ka paipu centrifuge (e hoike ana i kahi eha hamama). Hoʻohana ʻia ka NFRCS e pani i ka wehe a hoʻohana ʻia ka lipine e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻaoʻao o waho. E hoʻohui i 20 µl o 0.2 M CaCl2 i ka paipu microcentrifuge i loaʻa ka 3.8% sodium citrate premix. Ma hope o 10 mau minuke, ua wehe ʻia nā paipu microcentrifuge mai nā kīʻaha a ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā kīʻaha ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko mai ka NFRK (n = 3). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke koko Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS me Cs.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka pono o ka NFRCS ma muli o ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e Mishra a me Chaudhary21 me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi. E kau i ka NFRCS i loko o ka pahu Erlenmeyer 100 ml me ka wai 50 ml a e kawili no 60 mau kekona me ka hana ʻole i luna. ʻO ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho mua ʻana i nā laʻana no ka pono kino ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Ua aʻo ʻia ka ikaika paʻa o HFFC iā Ct me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala i paʻi mua ʻia me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi. Ua loiloi ʻia ka pono o ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili ma ka wehe ʻana i ka NFRK i nā nalu acoustic (hoʻoulu waho) i mua o ka wai milliQ (Ct). Hoʻokomo ʻia ka NFRCS Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS i loko o ka beaker i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai a sonicated no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, a me 30 min. Ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka pākēneka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kaumaha mua a me ka hope o ka NFRCS no ka helu ʻana i ka pākēneka o ka nalowale o nā mea (HFFC). Ua kākoʻo hou ʻo BCT in vitro i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa a i ʻole ka nalowale o nā mea ʻili. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka HFFC hoʻopaʻa iā Ct e hāʻawi i ka coagulation koko a me kahi uhi elastic ma ka ʻili o Ct22.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka homogeneity o ka NFRCS i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka BCT o nā laʻana (30 mg) i lawe ʻia mai nā wahi ākea i koho ʻia o ka NFRCS. E hahai i ke kaʻina hana BCT i ʻōlelo mua ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻokō ʻana o NFRCS. ʻO ka kokoke ma waena o nā laʻana ʻelima e hōʻoia i ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka waiho ʻana o ka HFFC i ka mesh Ct.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nominal blood contact area (NBCA) e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia me kekahi mau hoʻololi. E hoʻopili i ke koko ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i 20 µl o ke koko ma waena o nā ʻili ʻelua o Ct, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS a me Cs. Ma hope o 1 hola, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua o ka stent a ana ʻia i ka ʻāpana o ka clot. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka waiwai awelika o ʻekolu repetitions he NBCA NFRCS19.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka loiloi Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) e loiloi i ka pono o ka NFRCS e hoʻomoʻa i ka wai mai ke kaiapuni o waho a i ʻole mai kahi kahua hōʻeha i kuleana no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka coagulation. Hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopaʻa paha ka DVS i ka lawe ʻana a me ka nalowale i loko o kahi laʻana me ka gravimetrically me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke koena ultra-sensitive me ka hoʻonā nui o ±0.1 µg. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaomi mahu ʻāpana (ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) e kahi mea hoʻokele uila uila a puni ka hāpana ma o ka hui ʻana i nā kinoea lawe lawe maloʻo. E like me ka European Pharmacopeia alakaʻi, ma muli o ka pakeneka o ka moisture uptake e nā laʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā laʻana i 4 mau ʻano (0-0.012% w/w− non-hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w iki hygroscopic, 2–15% moderately hygroscopic% 3, a > hygroscopic. E like me ka European Pharmacopeia alakaʻi, e pili ana i ka pakeneka o ka moisture uptake e nā laʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā laʻana i 4 mau ʻano (0-0.012% w/w− non-hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w hygroscopic iki, 2-15 % moderately hygroscopic%2, a >3 hygroscopic.E like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka European Pharmacopoeia, e pili ana i ka pakeneka o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai e nā mea hoʻohālike, ua māhele ʻia nā laʻana i 4 mau ʻāpana (0-0.012% w / w - non-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% w / w iki hygroscopic, 2- ʻumikūmālima %).% умеренно гигроскопичен и > 15% очень гигроскопичен)23. % hygroscopic haʻahaʻa a > 15% hygroscopic loa)23.根据欧洲药典指南，根据样品吸收水分的百分比，样品分为4 类（0-0.012% w/w- 湁%倐- 湁%倐、 w/w 轻微吸湿性、2-15 % 适度吸湿，> 15% 非常吸湿）23。根据 欧洲 药典 指南 ， 根据 吸收 水分 的 百分比 样品 分为 分为 分为 分为 分为 分为 分为 分为 分为 分为 类 0-0-0 类 0-0. 15E like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka European Pharmacopoeia, ua māhele ʻia nā laʻana i 4 mau papa e pili ana i ka pākēneka o ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka hāpana (0-0.012% ma ke kaumaha - non-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% ma ke kaumaha iki hygroscopic, 2-15% ma ke kaumaha).% умеренно гигроскопичен, > 15 % очень гигроскопичен) 23. % hygroscopic kūpono, > 15% hygroscopic loa) 23.Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka pono hygroscopic o NFCS X NFCS a me TsN NFCS ma kahi mea anaana DVS TA TGA Q5000 SA. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, ua loaʻa ka manawa holo, ka haʻahaʻa pili (RH), a me ke kaumaha hāpana manawa maoli ma 25°C24. Ua helu ʻia ka ʻike wai e ka NFRCS mass analysis me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoohalike aʻe:
ʻO MC ka haʻahaʻa NFRCS. m1 - ke kaumaha maloʻo o nā NSAID. ʻO ka m2 ka nuipa NFRCS manawa maoli ma kahi RH i hāʻawi ʻia.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua adsorption nitrogen me ka wai hau ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā laʻana ma 25 °C no 10 h (<7 × 10-3 Torr). Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua adsorption nitrogen me ka wai hau ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā laʻana ma 25 °C no 10 h (<7 × 10-3 Torr). Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с помощью эксперимента по адсорбции азота жидким азотом после опосле опорожнраци течение 10 ч (< 7 × 10–3 Торр). Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua adsorption nitrogen me ka wai hau ma hope o ka hoʻokahe ʻia ʻana o nā laʻana ma 25 ° C no 10 h (<7 × 10-3 Torr).在25°C 清空样品10 小时（< 7 × 10-3 Torr）后，使用液氮的氮吸附实验估计总表面积。在 25°C Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с использованием экспериментов по адсорбции азота жидким азотом порослераоц течение 10 часов при 25°C (< 7 × 10-3 торр). Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua adsorption nitrogen me ka wai nitrogen ma hope o ka hoʻokahe ʻia ʻana o nā laʻana no 10 mau hola ma 25°C (<7 x 10-3 torr).Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili, ka nui pore a me ka nui o ka pore NFRCS me kahi Quantachrome mai NOVA 1000e, Austria e hoʻohana ana i ka polokalamu RS 232.
E hoʻomākaukau i 5% RBCs (saline as diluent) mai ke koko holoʻokoʻa. A laila e hoʻololi i kahi aliquot o HFFC (0.25 ml) i kahi pā 96-well a me 5% RBC mass (0.1 ml). E hoʻokomo i ka hui ma 37 ° C no 40 mau minuke. ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me ka serum i manaʻo ʻia he mana maikaʻi, a ʻo ka hui ʻana o ka paʻakai a me ke koko ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he mana maikaʻi ʻole. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka Hemagglutination e like me ka pālākiō Stajitzky. ʻO nā unahi i manaʻo ʻia e like me kēia: + + + + nā ʻāpana granular dense; + + + paʻa lalo paheʻe me nā ʻaoʻao curved; + + paʻa lalo paheʻe me nā ʻaoʻao haehae; + nā apo ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi a puni nā ʻaoʻao o nā pā maʻemaʻe; – (negative) pihi ʻulaʻula discrete 12 i waenakonu o ka luawai lalo.
Ua aʻo ʻia ka hemocompatibility o NFRCS e like me ke ʻano o ka International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (ISO10993-4, 1999)26,27. ʻO ke ʻano gravimetric i wehewehe ʻia e Singh et al. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi e loiloi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka thrombus i mua o a i ʻole ma ka ʻili o NFRCS. 500 mg o Cs, Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS i incubated i ka phosphate buffered saline (PBS) no 24 mau hola ma 37°C. Ma hope o 24 mau hola, ua wehe ʻia ka PBS a ua mālama ʻia ʻo NFRCS me 2 ml o ke koko i loaʻa ka 3.8% sodium citrate. Ma ka ʻili o ka NFRCS, hoʻohui i 0.04 ml o 0.1 M CaCl2 i nā laʻana incubated. Ma hope o 45 mau minuke, hoʻohui ʻia ka 5 ml o ka wai i hoʻopau ʻia e hoʻopau i ka coagulation. Ua mālama ʻia ke koko coagulated ma ka ʻili o NFRK me 36-38% formaldehyde solution. Ua maloʻo a kaupaona ʻia nā ʻōpala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka formaldehyde. Ua helu ʻia ka pākēneka o ka thrombosis ma ka helu ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke aniani me ke koko ʻole a me ka hāpana (negative control) a me ke aniani me ke koko (positive control).
Ma ke ʻano he hōʻoia mua, ʻike ʻia nā laʻana ma lalo o kahi microscope optical e hoʻomaopopo i ka hiki o ka uhi ʻana o ka HFFC surface, Ct interconnected, a me Ct network e hana i nā pores. Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana lahilahi o Ch a me Cp mai ka NFRCS me kahi pahi scalpel. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻāpana hopena ma luna o kahi paheʻe aniani, uhi ʻia me kahi uhi uhi, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻaoʻao me ke kāpili. Nānā ʻia nā kiʻi paheʻe i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope optical a lawe ʻia nā kiʻi ma nā ʻano hoʻonui like ʻole.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka waiho ʻana o ka polymer ma nā pūnaewele Ct me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka microscopy fluorescence ma muli o ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e Rice et al.29. Ua hui pū ʻia ka haku mele HFFC i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana me kahi mea hoʻonani fluorescent (amaranth), a ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka NFRCS (Ch & Cp) e like me ke ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua. Ua hui pū ʻia ka haku mele HFFC i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana me kahi mea hoʻonani fluorescent (amaranth), a ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka NFRCS (Ch & Cp) e like me ke ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua.ʻO ka haku mele HFFC i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokumu ʻana ua hui pū ʻia me kahi mea pena fluorescent (amaranth) a loaʻa iā NFRCS (Ch a me Cp) e like me ke ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制 NFCh & Ch.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制 NFCh & Ch.Ua hui pū ʻia ka haku mele HFFC i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana me kahi mea hoʻonaninani fluorescent (Amaranth) a loaʻa iā NFRCS (Ch a me Cp), e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua.Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana lahilahi o ka NFRK mai nā laʻana i loaʻa, kau ʻia ma luna o nā kiʻi aniani, a uhi ʻia me nā paʻi uhi. E nānā i nā paheʻe i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope fluorescent me kahi kānana ʻōmaʻomaʻo (310-380 nm). Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi ma 4x hoʻonui e hoʻomaopopo i ka pilina Ct a me ka waiho ʻana o ka polymer keu ma ka pūnaewele Ct.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka topography ili o NFRCS Ch a me Cp me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi microscope atomic force (AFM) me kahi cantilever TESP ultra-sharp ma ke ʻano paʻi: 42 N/m, 320 kHz, ROC 2-5 nm, Bruker, Taiwan. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻākeke o ka ʻili e ke kumu mean square (RMS) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lako polokalamu (Scanning Probe Image Processor). Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā wahi NFRCS like ʻole ma nā kiʻi 3D e nānā i ka like ʻana o ka ʻili. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau o ka helu no kahi ʻāpana i hāʻawi ʻia e like me ka ʻili o ka ʻili. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike RMS no ka helu ʻana i ka roughness ili o NFRCS31.
Ua hana ʻia nā haʻawina pili FESEM me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā FESEM, SU8000, HI-0876-0003, Hitachi, Tokyo, e hoʻomaopopo i ka morphology ili o Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS, i hōʻike i ka BCT maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o Cm NFRCS. Ua hanaʻia ka haʻawina FESEM e like me keʻano i ho'ākākaʻia e Zhao et al. 32 me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi. NFRCS 20 i ka 30 mg Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS i hui mua ʻia me 20 µl o 3.8% sodium citrate i hui mua ʻia me ke koko ʻiole. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ka 20 μl o 0.2 M CaCl2 i nā laʻana i mālama ʻia i ke koko e hoʻomaka i ka coagulation a ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā laʻana i ka lumi wela no 10 mau minuke. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā erythrocytes nui mai ka ʻili o ka NFRCS ma ka holoi ʻana me ka paʻakai.
Ua mālama ʻia nā laʻana ma hope me ka 0.1% glutaraldehyde a laila hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i loko o ka umu wela ma 37 ° C no ka wehe ʻana i ka wai. Ua uhi ʻia a nānā ʻia nā laʻana maloʻo 32. ʻO nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka clot ma luna o ka ʻili o nā pulupulu pilikino, ka waiho ʻana o ka polymer ma waena o Ct, erythrocyte morphology (shape), clot integrity, a me erythrocyte morphology i mua o NFRCS. Ua nānā ʻia nā wahi NFRCS i mālama ʻole ʻia a me Ch a me Cp i mālama ʻia nā wahi NFRCS i hoʻokomo ʻia me ke koko no nā ion elemental (sodium, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and selenium)33. Hoʻohālikelike i nā pākēneka ion elemental ma waena o nā laʻana i mālama ʻia a mālama ʻole ʻia no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ion elemental i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka clot a me ka homogeneity clot.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻili Cp HFFC ma ka ʻili Ct me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka FESEM. Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana keʻa o Cp NFRCS mai ke kāʻei a ua uhi ʻia ka sputter. Ua ʻike ʻia e FESEM nā mea hoʻohālike o ka uhi ʻana i ka sputter a ua ana ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻili 34, 35, 36.
Hāʻawi ʻo X-ray micro-CT i ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe 3D non-destructive imaging a hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho kūloko o NFRK. Hoʻohana ʻo Micro-CT i kahi kukui X-ray e hele ana i ka hāpana e hoʻopaʻa i ka coefficient attenuation linear kūloko o nā kukui X i ka hāpana, e kōkua ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike morphological. ʻO ka wahi kūloko o Ct i Cp NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS i mālama ʻia i ke koko i nānā ʻia e ka micro-CT e hoʻomaopopo i ka pono absorption a me ke kahe koko i mua o NFRCS37,38,39. Ua kūkulu hou ʻia nā ʻano 3D o nā laʻana Cp NFRCS i mālama ʻia i ke koko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka micro-CT (V|tome|x S240, Phoenix, Kelemānia). Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu VG STUDIO-MAX version 2.2, ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau kiʻi X-ray mai nā kihi ʻokoʻa (ma ke ʻano he 360° uhi) e hoʻomohala i nā kiʻi 3D no NFRCS. Ua kūkulu hou ʻia ka ʻikepili projection i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā kiʻi volumetric 3D me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu 3D ScanIP Academic maʻalahi.
Eia hou, no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka clot, 20 µl o ke koko citrated premixed a me 20 µl o 0.2 M CaCl2 i hoʻohui ʻia i ka NFRCS no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke koko. Waiho ʻia nā laʻana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e paʻakikī. Ua mālama ʻia ka ʻili o ka NFRK me ka 0.5% glutaraldehyde a maloʻo i ka umu wela ma 30-40 ° C no 30 min. Ua nānā ʻia, kūkulu hou ʻia ke koko koko i hana ʻia ma ka NFRCS, a ua ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi 3D o ke koko koko.
Ua hanaʻia nā ho'āʻo antibacterial ma Cp NFRCS (maikaʻi loa e hoʻohālikelikeʻia me Ch NFRCS) me ka hoʻohanaʻana i keʻano i ho'ākāka muaʻia me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana antibacterial o Cp NFRCS a me Cp HFFC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻekolu mau microorganism hoʻāʻo like ʻole [S.aureus (gram-positive bacteria), E.coli (gram-negative bacteria) a me Candida keʻokeʻo (C.albicans)] e ulu ana ma ka agar i nā pā Petri i loko o kahi incubator. Hoʻohui like i ka 50 ml o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka moʻomeheu bacteria i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma kahi ʻano o 105-106 CFU ml-1 ma luna o ka media agar. E ninini i ka medium i loko o kahi pā Petri a hoʻopaʻa. Ua hana ʻia nā pūnāwai ma ka ʻili o ka pā agar e hoʻopiha ai me ka HFFC (3 pūnāwai no HFFC a me 1 no ka mana maikaʻi ʻole). E hoʻohui i 200 µl HFFC i nā pūnāwai 3 a me 200 µl pH 7.4 PBS i ka pūnāwai 4. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka pā petri, e kau i kahi disk 12 mm Cp NFRCS ma luna o ka agar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka PBS (pH 7.4). ʻO Ciprofloxacin, ampicillin a me nā papa fluconazole i manaʻo ʻia he mau kuhikuhi no Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli a me Candida albicans. E ana i ka ʻāpana o ke kaohi me ka lima a lawe i ke kiʻi kikohoʻe o ka ʻāpana o ke kaohi.
Ma hope o ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka ʻoihana, ua mālama ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ma Kasturba Medical College of Education and Research ma Manipal, Karnataka, ma ka hema o India. Ua loiloi ʻia ka protocol hoʻokolohua in vitro TEG a ʻae ʻia e ke Kōmike Ethics Institutional o Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020). Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kumuhana mai nā mea hāʻawi koko manawaleʻa (makahiki 18 a 55) mai ka waihona koko o ka haukapila. Eia hou, ua loaʻa kahi palapala ʻae ʻike mai nā mea manawaleʻa no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā laʻana koko. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo TEG maoli (N-TEG) ​​​​e aʻo i ka hopena o ka Cp HFFC formulation ma ke koko holoʻokoʻa i hoʻohui ʻia me ka sodium citrate. Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia ʻo N-TEG no kāna kuleana i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i ka point-of-care resuscitation, ka mea e hana ai i nā pilikia no nā kauka ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe koʻikoʻi i nā hopena (nā hoʻokolohua coagulation maʻamau). Hana ʻia ka nānā ʻana o N-TEG me ke koko holoʻokoʻa. Ua loaʻa ka ʻae ʻike a me ka mōʻaukala olakino kikoʻī mai nā mea komo a pau. ʻAʻole i komo ka haʻawina i nā poʻe me nā pilikia hemostatic a thrombotic e like me ka hāpai ʻana / postpartum a i ʻole ka maʻi ate. ʻO nā kumuhana e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka coagulation cascade i kāpae ʻia mai ke aʻo ʻana. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kumu (hemoglobin, prothrombin time, activated thromboplastin a me platelet count) i nā mea komo a pau e like me nā kaʻina hana maʻamau. Hoʻoholo ʻo N-TEG i ka viscoelasticity clot clot, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka clot mua, ka launa pū ʻana, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka clot, a me ka lysis clot. Hāʻawi ka loiloi N-TEG i ka ʻikepili kiʻi a me ka helu e pili ana i nā hopena hui o kekahi mau mea kelepona a me ka plasma. Ua hana ʻia ka loiloi N-TEG ma ʻelua mau puke like ʻole o Cp HFFC (10 µl a me 50 µl). ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka 1 ml o ke koko holoʻokoʻa me ka waikawa citric i 10 μl o Cp HFFC. Hoʻohui i 1 ml (Cp HFFC + koko citrated), 340 µl koko hui ʻia i 20 µl 0.2 M CaCl2 i loko o ka ipu TEG. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻouka ʻia nā kīʻaha TEG i TEG® 5000, US e ana i ka R, K, alpha angle, MA, G, CI, TPI, EPL, LY 30% o nā laʻana koko i mua o Cp HFFC41.
Ua loiloi ʻia ka protocol study in vivo a ʻae ʻia e ke Kōmike Kūʻai Kūʻai ʻo Institutional Animal Ethics (IAEC), Kasturba School of Medicine, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020). Ua hanaʻia nā hoʻokolohua holoholona a pau e like me nā'ōlelo aʻo a ke Kōmike no ka Manaʻo a me ka nānāʻana i ka Animal Experimentation (CPCSEA). Ua hana ʻia nā haʻawina a pau i loko o vivo NFRCS (2 × 2 cm2) ma nā ʻiole Wistar wahine (ke kaupaona ʻana 200 a 250 g). Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā holoholona āpau i kahi mahana o 24-26 ° C, ua loaʻa i nā holoholona ke komo manuahi i ka meaʻai maʻamau a me ka wai ad libitum. Ua māhele like ʻia nā holoholona a pau i nā hui like ʻole, ʻekolu holoholona i kēlā me kēia hui. Ua hana ʻia nā haʻawina āpau e like me ka Animal Studies: Report of In Vivo Experiments 43 . Ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā holoholona e ka intraperitoneal (ip) hoʻokele o ka hui ʻana o 20-50 mg o ketamine (no 1 kg o ke kaumaha kino) a me 2-10 mg o xylazine (no 1 kg o ke kaumaha kino). Ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana, ua helu ʻia ka nui o ke koko ma ka loiloi ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kaumaha mua a me ka hope o nā laʻana, ua lawe ʻia ka waiwai awelika i loaʻa mai nā hoʻokolohua ʻekolu e like me ka nui o ke koko o ka hāpana.
Ua hoʻokō ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka huelo ʻiole no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hiki o ka NFRCS ke hoʻololi i ke koko i ka trauma, hakakā, a i ʻole ulia pōpilikia (hoʻohālike injury). E ʻoki i 50% o ka huelo me ka ʻili scalpel a waiho i ka lewa no 15 mau kekona e hōʻoia i ke koko maʻamau. Eia hou, ua kau ʻia nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo ma ka huelo o ka ʻiole ma ke kau ʻana i ke kaomi (Ct, Cs, Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS). Ua hōʻike ʻia ke koko a me ka PCT no nā hōʻike hōʻike (n = 3)17,45.
Ua noiʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka mana puʻe NFRCS i ke kaua ma ke ʻano hoʻohālike o ke aʻa femoral superficial. Hōʻike ʻia ke aʻaʻa femoral, hou ʻia me kahi trocar 24G, a kahe ke koko i loko o 15 kekona. Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ke kahe koko ʻole ʻia, waiho ʻia ka mea hōʻike hōʻike ma ka wahi puncture me ke kaomi ʻana. Ma hope koke o ka noi ʻana i ka laʻana hoʻāʻo, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka manawa clotting a nānā ʻia ka hana hemostatic no nā minuke 5 e hiki mai ana. Ua hana hou ʻia ke kaʻina hana like me Cs a me Ct46.
ʻO Dowling et al. 47 i hoʻohālike i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ke akepaʻa e loiloi i ka hemostatic hiki o nā mea hemostatic i ka pōʻaiapili o ke koko intraoperative. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo BCT no nā laʻana Ct (nā mana maikaʻi ʻole), Cs framework (mana maikaʻi), Ch NFRCS samples, a me Cp NFRCS samples. Ua ʻike ʻia ka suprahepatic vena cava o ka ʻiole ma ka hana ʻana i ka laparotomy waena. Ma hope o kēlā, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻaoʻao mamao o ka lobe hema me nā ʻoki. E hana i ka ʻoki ʻana i loko o ke ake me ka ʻili scalpel a hoʻokahe i ke koko no kekahi mau kekona. Ua kau ʻia nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS ma luna o ka ʻili i hōʻino ʻia me ka ʻole o ke kaomi maikaʻi a ua kākau ʻia ʻo BCT. A laila hoʻohana ka pūʻulu mana (Ct) i ke kaomi a ukali ʻia e Cs 30 s47 me ka haki ʻole i ka ʻeha.
Ua hana ʻia nā hōʻike hōʻeha ʻeha i loko o ka vivo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano hōʻeha excisional e loiloi i nā waiwai hoʻōla ʻeha o nā NFRCS i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka polymer. Ua kohoʻia a hanaʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o nāʻeha excisional e like me nāʻano i paʻi muaʻia me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi19,32,48. Hoʻohana ʻia nā holoholona āpau e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia. E hoʻohana i kahi kuʻi biopsy (12 mm) e hana i kahi ʻoki hohonu i loko o ka ʻili o ke kua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahi ʻeha i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me Cs (ka mana maikaʻi), Ct (ʻike i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā pulupulu pulupulu i ka ho'ōla), Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS (hui hoʻokolohua) a me ka mana maikaʻi ʻole me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana. I kēlā me kēia lā o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ana ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka ʻeha i nā ʻiole āpau. E hoʻohana i ke kiʻi paʻi kiʻi e kiʻi i ke kiʻi o ka wahi ʻeha a hoʻokomo i kahi lole hou. Ua ana ʻia ka pākēneka o ka pani ʻana i ka ʻeha ma ke ʻano ma lalo nei:
Ma muli o ka pākēneka o ka pani ʻana i ka ʻeha ma ka lā 12 o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻili ʻiole o ka hui maikaʻi loa ((Cp NFRCS) a me ka pūʻulu mana) a ua aʻo ʻia e ka H&E staining a me Masson's trichrome staining. Ma muli o ka pākēneka o ka pani ʻana i ka ʻeha ma ka lā 12 o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻili ʻiole o ka hui maikaʻi loa ((Cp NFRCS) a me ka pūʻulu mana) a ua aʻo ʻia e ka H&E staining a me Masson's trichrome staining.Ma muli o ka pākēneka o ka pani ʻana i ka ʻeha ma ka lā 12 o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻili o nā ʻiole o ka hui maikaʻi loa ((Cp NFRCS) a me ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu) a nānā ʻia e ka ʻili ʻana me ka hematoxylin-eosin a me Masson's trichrome.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠皮肤，进行H&E染色和Masson三色染色研究。根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠皮肤，进行H&E染色和眳组）ʻO nāʻiole i loko o ka hui maikaʻi loa ((Cp NFRCS) a me nā pūʻulu hoʻomalu) ua hoʻopauʻia no ka hematoxylin-eosin staining a me Masson's trichrome staining ma muli o ka pakeneka paniʻeha i ka lā 12 o ke aʻoʻana.Ua hoʻokō ʻia ke kaʻina hana staining e like me nā ʻano i wehewehe mua ʻia49,50. ʻO ka pōkole, ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka 10% formalin, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā laʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano o nā ʻona ʻona. E hoʻohana i kahi microtome no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana lahilahi (5 µm mānoanoa) o ka ʻiʻo ʻokiʻoki. Ua mālama ʻia nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o nā mana a me Cp NFRCS me hematoxylin a me eosin e aʻo i nā loli histopathological. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Masson's trichrome stain e ʻike i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā fibrils collagen. Ua aʻo makapō ʻia nā hopena i loaʻa e nā pathologists.
Ua aʻo ʻia ke kūpaʻa o nā laʻana Cp NFRCS ma ke ana wela (25°C ± 2°C/60% RH ± 5%) no 12 mahina51. Ua nānā ʻia a hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo Cp NFRCS (ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka ulu ʻana o ka microbial) no ka pale ʻana i ka pale ʻana a me ka BCT e like me nā ʻano hana i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāpana Mea a me nā Hana.
Ua nānā ʻia ka scalability a me ka reproducibility o Cp NFRCS ma ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana iā Cp NFRCS me ka nui o 15 × 15 cm2. Eia hou, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā 30 mg samples (n = 5) mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole Cp NFRCS a ua loiloi ʻia ka BCT o nā mea i aʻo ʻia e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia ma ka ʻāpana Methods.
Ua hoʻāʻo mākou e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hale me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā haku mele Cp NFRCS no nā noi biomedical like ʻole. ʻO ia ʻano hiʻohiʻona a i ʻole ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ʻo ia nā pulu conical no ke koko ihu, nā kaʻina hana niho, a me nā ʻōpala cylindrical no ke kahe koko.
Hōʻike ʻia nā pūʻulu ʻikepili āpau e like me ka mean ± standard deviation a nānā ʻia e ANOVA me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Prism 5.03 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA) a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike lehulehu a Bonferroni (*p<0.05).
ʻO nā kaʻina hana a pau i hana ʻia i loko o nā haʻawina kanaka e like me nā kūlana o ka Institute a me ka National Research Council, a me ka Declaration of Helsinki 1964 a me kāna mau hoʻololi hope, a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana etika like. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā mea komo a pau e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke aʻo ʻana a me kona ʻano manawaleʻa. Paʻa ʻia ka ʻikepili i komo i ka wā i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai. Ua loiloi ʻia ka protocol hoʻokolohua in vitro TEG a ʻae ʻia e ke Kōmike Ethics Institutional o Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020). Ua pūlima nā mea manawaleʻa i ka ʻae ʻike e ʻohi i nā laʻana koko.
ʻO nā kaʻina hana āpau i hana ʻia i nā haʻawina holoholona i hana ʻia e like me ka Kastuba Faculty of Medicine, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020). Ua mālama ʻia nā hoʻokolohua holoholona āpau i hoʻolālā ʻia e like me nā alakaʻi a ke Kōmike no ka Manaʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻokolohua holoholona (CPCSEA). Ua hahai nā mea kākau a pau i nā kuhikuhi ARRIVE.
Ua nānā ʻia ka spectra FTIR o nā NFRCS āpau a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka spectrum chitosan i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2A. ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka chitosan (hoʻopaʻa ʻia) ma 3437 cm-1 (OH a me NH e hohola ana, overlap), 2945 a me 2897 cm-1 (CH stretching), 1660 cm-1 (NH2 strain), 1589 cm-1 (N–H bending ), 1157 cm-1 (stretch stretch C-O-10), 1157 cm-1 (strech hydrotch7 cm-O-1), 1057 cm-1 (ke alahaka C-O-10), 1660 cm-1. 993 knm-1 (koko CO, Bo-OH) 52.53.54. Hōʻike ka Papa S1 i nā waiwai spectrum absorption FTIR NFRCS no chitosan (mea hoʻolaha), chitosan maʻemaʻe, Cm, Ch, a me Cp. Ua hōʻike ka FTIR spectra o nā NFRCS a pau (Cm, Ch a me Cp) i nā pūna absorption ʻano like me ka chitosan maʻemaʻe me ka ʻole o nā loli nui (Fig. 2A). Ua hōʻoia nā hualoaʻa FTIR i ka nele o nā pilina kemika a kino paha ma waena o nā polymers i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka NFRCS, e hōʻike ana he inert nā polymers i hoʻohana ʻia.
In vitro characterization o Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS a me Cs. (A) hōʻike i ka FTIR spectra hui pū ʻia o ka chitosan a me Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS ma lalo o ke kaomi. (B) a) Ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ke koko holoʻokoʻa o NFRCS Cm, Ch, Cp, a me Cg (n = 3); Ua hōʻike ka Ct samples i kahi BAR kiʻekiʻe no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka absorption o ka pulupulu; b) Koko ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ke koko. Hōʻike kiʻi kiʻi o ka BCT o ka hāpana hoʻāʻo C (Cp NFRCS ka BCT maikaʻi loa (15 s, n = 3)). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili ma C, D, E, a me G ma ke ʻano he mean ± SD, a ʻo nā pahu kuhi he SD, ***p <0.0001. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili ma C, D, E, a me G ma ke ʻano he mean ± SD, a ʻo nā pahu kuhi he SD, ***p <0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G представлены как среднее ± стандартное отклонение, а планки погрешностей представляют старнд, *** <0,0001. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili ma C, D, E, a me G ma ke ʻano he mean ± ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau, a ʻo nā pahu kuhi e hōʻike ana i ka ʻokoʻa maʻamau, ***p<0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p < 0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p < 0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G показаны как среднее значение ± стандартное отклонение, планки погрешностей представляют тлнд, *** <0,0001. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili ma C, D, E, a me G ma ke ʻano he mean ± ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau, hōʻike nā pahu kuhi i ka ʻokoʻa maʻamau, ***p<0.0001.