Tinokutendai nekushanyira Nature.com. Shanduro yebrowser yauri kushandisa ine rutsigiro rushoma rweCSS. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakanaka, tinokurudzira kuti ushandise browser yakagadziridzwa (kana kuti udzime Compatibility Mode muInternet Explorer). Panguva ino, kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti rutsigiro runoramba ruchienderera mberi, tichaisa saiti iyi isina masitayera uye JavaScript.
Kubuda ropa kusingadzoreki ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvikuru zverufu. Kubudirira nekukurumidza kubuda ropa kunoita kuti munhu ararame semubatsiri wekutanga panguva yehondo, tsaona dzemumugwagwa, uye mabasa ekuderedza kufa. Nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) inobva muchikamu che hemostatic film-forming composition (HFFC) sechikamu chinoenderera mberi kunogona kukonzera uye kuwedzera hemostasis. Kugadzirwa kweNFRCS kwakavakirwa pakugadzirwa kwebapiro redragonfly. Chimiro chebapiro redragonfly chine mapapiro akachinjika uye akareba, uye mapapiro akabatana kuti arambe akasimba. HFFC inofukidza pamusoro pefiber nefirimu reukobvu hwe nanometer uye inobatanidza ukobvu hwedonje hwakapararira (Ct) (chikamu chakapararira) kuti igadzire chimiro che nanoporous. Kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zvinoenderera mberi uye zvakapararira kunoderedza mutengo wechigadzirwa kagumi zvichienzaniswa nezvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa mukutengeserana. NFRCS dzakagadziriswa (tampons kana wristbands) dzinogona kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga. Zvidzidzo zvemumuviri zvakaratidza kuti Cp NFRCS yakagadzirwa inokonzera uye inowedzera maitiro ekugwamba panzvimbo yekushandisa. NFRCS inogona kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze uye kushanda padanho remasero nekuda kwechimiro chayo che nanoporous zvichikonzera kuporeswa kwemaronda zviri nani mumuenzaniso wekubvisa maronda.
Kubuda ropa kusingadzoreki panguva yekurwa, panguva yekuvhiyiwa uye panguva yekukurumidzira kunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu hwevakakuvara1. Mamiriro aya anowedzera kukonzera kuwedzera kwekusagona kweropa mutsinga dzeropa, zvichikonzera kuvhunduka kweropa. Matanho akakodzera ekudzora kubuda ropa panguva yekuvhiyiwa uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa anoonekwa seanogona kutyisidzira hupenyu2,3. Kukuvadzwa kwetsinga huru dzeropa kunotungamira mukurasikirwa neropa kukuru, zvichikonzera huwandu hwerufu hwe≤ 50% mukurwa uye 31% panguva yekuvhiyiwa1. Kurasikirwa neropa rakawanda kunotungamira kudzikira kwehuwandu hweropa mumuviri, izvo zvinoderedza kubuda kweropa mumoyo. Kuwedzera kwekusagona kweropa mutsinga dzeropa uye kukanganisa kufamba kweropa zvishoma nezvishoma kunotungamira kukushaya hope munhengo dzinotsigira hupenyu. Kuvhunduka kweropa kunogona kuitika kana chirwere ichi chikaramba chiripo pasina kupindira kwakanaka1,4,5. Mamwe matambudziko anosanganisira kufambira mberi kwe hypothermia uye metabolic acidosis, pamwe nechirwere chekuvharika kweropa chinotadzisa maitiro ekuvharika kweropa. Kuvhunduka kweropa kwakanyanya kunobatanidzwa nenjodzi huru yekufa6,7,8. Mu grade III (progressive) shock, kuwedzerwa ropa kwakakosha kuti murwere ararame panguva yekuvhiyiwa uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye kufa. Kuti tikunde mamiriro ese ari pamusoro apa anotyisidzira hupenyu, takagadzira scaffold ine nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite (NFRCS) inoshandisa huwandu hushoma hwepolymer (0.5%) tichishandisa musanganiswa wemapolymers anonyungudika mumvura.
Nekushandisa fiber reinforcement, zvigadzirwa zvisingadhuri zvinogona kugadzirwa. Fiber dzakarongwa zvisina kurongeka dzakafanana nechimiro chebapiro remukonikoni, dzakaenzana nemitsara yakatambanuka uye yakatwasuka pamapapiro. Mitsipa yebapiro inotenderera uye yakareba inotaurirana ne membrane yebapiro (Mufananidzo 1). NFRCS ine Ct yakasimbiswa senzira yekuisa scaffold ine simba riri nani remuviri uye remakanika (Mufananidzo 1). Nekuda kwekukwanisika kwayo uye hunyanzvi hwayo, vanachiremba vanosarudza kushandisa cotton thread gauges (Ct) panguva yekuvhiya uye kupfekedza. Saka, tichifunga nezvemabhenefiti ayo akawanda, anosanganisira >90% crystalline cellulose (inowedzera basa re hemostatic), Ct yakashandiswa senzira yeNFRCS9,10 yemapfupa. Saka, tichifunga nezvemabhenefiti ayo akawanda, anosanganisira >90% crystalline cellulose (inowedzera basa re hemostatic), Ct yakashandiswa senzira yeNFRCS9,10 yemapfupa. Следовательно, учитывая его многочисленные преимущества, в том числе > 90% кристаллической целлюлозы (участвует в повышение активности), Ct использовали в качестве скелетной системы NFRCS9,10. Saka, tichifunga nezvemabhenefiti ayo akawanda, anosanganisira >90% crystalline cellulose (inobatanidzwa mukuwedzera kwehemostatic activity), Ct yakashandiswa seNFRCS skeletal system9,10.因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90% 的结晶纤维素（有助于增强止血活性），Ct 被,作的骨架系统。因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90%Saka, tichifunga nezvemabhenefiti ayo akawanda, anosanganisira anopfuura 90% crystalline cellulose (inobatsira kusimudzira hemostatic activity), Ct yakashandiswa senzvimbo yeNFRCS9,10.Ct yakaputirwa pamusoro (kuumbwa kwefirimu rakakora rakaonekwa) uye yakabatana ne hemostatic film-forming composition (HFFC). HFCC inoshanda se matrigel, ichibata Ct yakaiswa zvisina kurongeka pamwe chete. Dhizaini yakagadzirwa inotumira kushushikana mukati mechikamu chakapararira (kusimbisa fibers). Zvakaoma kuwana maumbirwo e nanoporous ane simba rakanaka remakanika uchishandisa huwandu hushoma hwepolymer. Pamusoro pezvo, hazvisi nyore kugadzirisa molds dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo akasiyana e biomedical.
Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza dhayagiramu yedhizaini yeNFRCS zvichibva pachimiro chemapapiro emudhiragoni (A). Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza kuenzanisa kwechimiro chemapapiro emudhiragoni (tsinga dzinobatana nedzemurefu dzemapapiro dzakabatana) uye pikicha yeCp NFRCS (B). Mufananidzo weNFRCS unoratidza chimiro cheNFRCS.
MaNFRC akagadzirwa achishandisa HFCC sechikamu chinoenderera mberi chekugadzirisa zvipingamupinyi zviri pamusoro apa. HFCC inoumbwa nemapolymer akasiyana-siyana anogadzira mafirimu anosanganisira chitosan (sepolymer huru yehemostatic) ine methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 50 cp) uye polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) (125 kDa) sepolymer inotsigira inokurudzira kuumbwa kwethrombus. Kuwedzerwa kwepolyvinylpyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) kwakavandudza kugona kweNFRCS kunyudzwa kwemvura. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) yakawedzerwa kuti ivandudze polymer crosslinking mu bonded polymer blends. Mhando nhatu dzakasiyana dzeHFC hemostatic (Cm HFCC, Ch HFCC uye Cp HFCC), dzinoti chitosan neMC (Cm), chitosan neHPMC (Ch), uye chitosan nePVA (Cp), zvakaiswa paCt. Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuongorora maronda ari mumuviri nemumuviri zvakasimbisa mashandiro eNFRCS ekubvisa ropa uye kuporesa maronda. Zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvinopihwa neNFRCS zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana escaffolding kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa chaizvo.
Pamusoro pezvo, NFRCS inogona kugadziriswa sebhandiji kana roll kuti ifukidze nzvimbo yese yekukuvara kwemakumbo epasi nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Kunyanya pakukuvara kwemakumbo ekurwa, dhizaini yakagadzirwa yeNFRCS inogona kuchinjwa kuita hafu yeruoko kana gumbo rakazara (Mufananidzo Wekuwedzera S11). NFRCS inogona kugadzirwa kuita bhandi reruoko rine tissue glue, iyo inogona kushandiswa kumisa kubuda ropa kubva mukukuvara kwakanyanya kwemaoko ekuzviuraya. Chinangwa chedu chikuru ndechekugadzira NFRCS ine polymer shoma sezvinobvira inogona kuendeswa kuvanhu vazhinji (pasi pemutsetse weurombo) uye inogona kuiswa mukit yekubatsira kwekutanga. NFRCS iri nyore, inoshanda, uye isingadhuri mukugadzira, inobatsira nharaunda dzemunharaunda uye inogona kuva nemhedzisiro yepasi rose.
Chitosan (huremu hwemamorekuru 80 kDa) uye amaranth zvakatengwa kubva kuMerck, India. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 Cp, polyethylene glycol 400 uye methylcellulose zvakatengwa kubva kuLoba Chemie Pvt. LLC, Mumbai. Polyvinyl alcohol (huremu hwemamorekuru 125 kDa) (87-90% hydrolysed) yakatengwa kubva kuNational Chemicals, Gujarat. Polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 yakatengwa kubva kuMolychem, Mumbai, swabs dzakachena dzakatengwa kubva kuRamaraju Surgery Cotton Mills Ltd., Tamil Nadu, nemvura yeMilli Q (Direct-Q3 water purification system, Merck, India) ndiyo inotakura.
NFRCS yakagadzirwa uchishandisa nzira ye lyophilization11,12. Zvese zvakagadzirwa neHFFC (Tafura 1) zvakagadzirwa uchishandisa mechanical stirrer. Gadzira mhinduro ye0.5% ye chitosan uchishandisa 1% acetic acid mumvura nekuramba uchikurunga pa800 rpm pamuchina we mechanical stirrer. Huremu chaihwo hwepolymer yakazadzwa hunoratidzwa muTafura 1 hwakawedzerwa kumusanganiswa we chitosan ndokukurunga kusvika mhinduro yepolymer yakajeka yawanikwa. PVP K30 nePEG 400 zvakawedzerwa kumusanganiswa wakabuda muhuwandu hwakaratidzwa muTafura 1, uye kukurunga kwakaramba kuchienderera mberi kusvika mhinduro yepolymer yakajeka yawanikwa. Bhati re polymer solution rakazobuda rakaiswa sonic kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu kubvisa mabubble emhepo akavharirwa kubva mumusanganiswa wepolymer. Sezvakaratidzwa muSupplementary Figure S1(b), Ct yakagoverwa zvakaenzana mutsime rega rega replate ine matsime matanhatu (mold) yakawedzerwa ne5 ml yeHFCC.
Ndiro ine matsime matanhatu yakaiswa sonic kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu kuti inyorovese uye iparadzire HFFC zvakaenzana muCt network. Wobva waisa mufiriji yendiro ine matsime matanhatu pa -20°C kwemaawa 8-12. Maplate echando akaiswa lyophilized kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere kuti pave nemafomu akasiyana-siyana eNFRCS. Maitiro akafanana anoshandiswa kugadzira maumbirwo akasiyana uye maumbirwo, akadai sematamponi kana ma cylindrical tampons, kana chero chimwe chimiro chekushandisa kwakasiyana.
Chitosan yakayerwa nemazvo (80 kDa) (3%) inonyungudutswa mu1% acetic acid uchishandisa magnetic stirrer. 1% PEG 400 yakawedzerwa kumushonga we chitosan wobva wakurunga kwemaminitsi makumi matatu. Dururira mushonga wacho mumudziyo wakaita sikweya kana rectangular woisa mufiriji pa -80°C kwemaawa gumi nemaviri. Samples dzakaomeswa kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere kuti dziwane Cs13 ine maburi.
NFRCS yakagadzirwa yakaedzwa ichishandisa Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Shimadzu 8400 s FTIR, Tokyo, Japan) kusimbisa kuti chitosan inoenderana nemakemikari nemamwe mapolymers14,15. Ma FTIR spectra (upamhi hwe spectral range kubva pa 400 kusvika 4000 cm-1) esampuli dzese dzakaedzwa akawanikwa nekuita ma scans makumi matatu nemaviri.
Mwero wekunyudzwa kweropa (BAR) wemafomu ese wakaongororwa uchishandisa nzira yakatsanangurwa naChen et al. 16 nekuchinja kudiki. MaNFRK akagadzirwa emhando dzese akaomeswa muovheni yevacuum pa105°C husiku hwese kuti abvise solvent yakasara. 30 mg NFRCS (huremu hwemuenzaniso wekutanga - W0) uye 30 mg Ct (kutonga kwakanaka) akaiswa mundiro dzakasiyana dzine premix ye3.8% sodium citrate. Panguva dzakatarwa, kureva 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 uye 60 seconds, maNFRCS akabviswa uye pamusoro pawo pakacheneswa ropa risina kunyudzwa nekuisa sampuli paCt kwemasekondi makumi matatu. Kurema kwekupedzisira kweropa rakanyudzwa neNFRCS 16 kwakatariswa (W1) panguva yega yega. Verenga BAR percentage uchishandisa fomura inotevera:
Nguva yekugwamba kweropa (BCT) yakatsanangurwa sezvakataurwa naWang et al. 17. Nguva inodiwa kuti ropa rose (ropa remakonzo rakasanganiswa ne3.8% sodium citrate) rigwambe pamberi peNFRCS yakaverengerwa seBCT yemuenzaniso wekuyedza. Zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveNFRCS (30 mg) zvakaiswa mumabhodhoro e10 ml escrew cap ndokuiswa pa37°C. Ropa (0.5 ml) rakaiswa mubhodhoro uye 0.3 ml ye0.2 M CaCl2 yakawedzerwa kuti ropa riite kuti rivhare. Pakupedzisira, shandura bhodhoro racho masekondi gumi nemashanu ega ega (kusvika 180°) kusvika ganda rakasimba raumbwa. BCT yemuenzaniso inofungidzirwa nehuwandu hwemavhiri eflips17,18. Zvichibva paBCT, mafomu maviri akanakisa kubva kuNFRCS Cm, Ch naCp akasarudzwa kuti awedzere zvidzidzo zvemhando.
BCT yeCh NFRCS neCp NFRCS compositions yakatsanangurwa nekushandisa nzira yakatsanangurwa naLi et al. 19. Isa 15 x 15 mm2 Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS, uye Cs (positive control) mumidziyo yakasiyana yePetri (37 °C). Ropa rine 3.8% sodium citrate rakasanganiswa ne 0.2 M CaCl2 muchikamu che10:1 volume kuti ropa ritange kugwinha. 20 µl yemusanganiswa weropa remakonzo we0.2 M CaCl2 yakaiswa pamusoro pemuenzaniso ndokuiswa mundiro yePetri isina chinhu. Mutemo wacho waidururirwa mundiro dzePetri dzisina chinhu dzisina Ct. Panguva yakatarwa ye 0, 3, uye 5 maminitsi, mira kugwinha nekuwedzera 10 ml yemvura yakabviswa (DI) mumuenzaniso une ndiro pasina kukanganisa kugwinha. Maerythrocyte asina kuvharika (erythrocytes) anobuda ropa mumvura yakabviswa ropa uye anoburitsa hemoglobin. Hemoglobin panguva dzakasiyana (HA(t)) yakayerwa pa540 nm (λmax hemoglobin) uchishandisa UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Kutorwa kwehemoglobin (AH(0)) mu 0 min ye 20 µl yeropa mu 10 ml yemvura yakabviswa ion kwakatorwa senzira yekutarisa. Kutorwa kwehemoglobin (RHA) yeropa rakaungana kwakaverengerwa kubva pachiyero cheHA(t)/HA(0) uchishandisa ropa rimwe chete.
Uchishandisa muchina wekuongorora magadzirirwo (Texture Pro CT V1.3 Build 15, Brookfield, USA), hunhu hweNFRK hwekunamira panyama yakakuvara hwakaonekwa. Dzvanya dhishi rakavhurika pasi rakatenderera mukati meganda renguruve (risina mafuta). Samples (Ch NFRCS neCp NFRCS) dzakaiswa kuburikidza ne cannula mu cylindrical molds kuti dzibatane neganda renguruve. Mushure mekuiswa kwemaminitsi matatu patembiricha yemumba (RT) (25° C.), simba rekunamira reNFRCS rakanyorerwa pamwero wakafanana we0.5 mm/sec.
Chinhu chikuru chezvivhariso zvekuvhiya ndechekuwedzera kuvharika kweropa ukuwo zvichideredza kurasikirwa neropa. Kuvharana kweropa kusina kurasikirwa muNFRCS kwakaongororwa uchishandisa nzira yakamboburitswa kare ine shanduko diki 19. Gadzira chubhu ye microcentrifuge (2 ml) (dhayamita yemukati 10 mm) ine buri re 8 × 5 mm2 kune rumwe rutivi rwechubhu ye centrifuge (inomiririra ronda rakavhurika). NFRCS inoshandiswa kuvhara mukova uye tepi inoshandiswa kuvhara mipendero yekunze. Wedzera 20 µl ye 0.2 M CaCl2 kuchubhu ye microcentrifuge ine 3.8% sodium citrate premix. Mushure memaminitsi gumi, chubhu dze microcentrifuge dzakabviswa mundiro uye kuwedzera kwehuremu hwendiro kwakatsanangurwa nekuda kwekubuda kweropa kubva kuNFRK (n = 3). Kurasikirwa neropa Ch NFRCS neCp NFRCS zvakaenzaniswa neCs.
Kunyatsonaka kweNFRCS kwakawanikwa zvichibva pane zvakatsanangurwa naMishra naChaudhary21 nekuchinja kudiki. Isa NFRCS mufurashi reErlenmeyer re100 ml nemvura ye50 ml woitenderedza kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu pasina kugadzira pamusoro. Kuongorora nekutarisa uye kukoshesa sampuli kuti dzive dzakasimba zvichibva pakuunganidzwa.
Simba rekubatanidza HFCC kuCt rakadzidzwa uchishandisa nzira dzakamboburitswa kare nekuchinja kudiki. Kusimba kwekuvhara pamusoro kwakaongororwa nekuisa NFRK kumafungu eacoustic (external stimulus) pamberi pemvura yemilQ (Ct). NFRCS Ch NFRCS neCp NFRCS dzakagadzirwa dzakaiswa mubeaker yakazadzwa nemvura uye dzakaiswa sonic kwemaminitsi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, uye 30, zvichiteerana. Mushure mekuomeswa, musiyano wepakati pakati pehuremu hwekutanga nehwekupedzisira hweNFRCS wakashandiswa kuverenga huwandu hwekurasikirwa kwezvinhu (HFC). In vitro BCT yakatsigirawo simba rekubatanidza kana kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvepamusoro. Kushanda kwekubatanidza HFCC kuCt kunoita kuti ropa rivhare uye kuvharwa kwe elastic pamusoro peCt22.
Kuenzana kweNFRCS yakagadzirwa kwakawanikwa neBCT yemasampuli (30 mg) akatorwa kubva munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa zvisina kurongeka dzeNFRCS. Tevedzera maitiro eBCT ambotaurwa kuti uone kutevedzera NFRCS. Kuva pedyo pakati pemasampuli ese mashanu kunoita kuti pave nekufukidza kwakafanana pamusoro uye kuiswa kweHFCC muCt mesh.
Nzvimbo yekubata ropa (NBCA) yakaongororwa sezvakambotaurwa kare nekuchinja kwakati. Bvuma ropa nekubatanidza 20 µl yeropa pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzeCt, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS neCs. Mushure meawa imwe chete, zvikamu zviviri zvestent zvakaparadzaniswa uye zvakayerwa nzvimbo yeclot nemaoko. Avhareji yehuwandu hwekudzokorora katatu yakaonekwa seNBCA NFRCS19.
Kuongororwa kweDynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) kwakashandiswa kuongorora kushanda kweNFRCS pakunwisa mvura kubva kunze kana kubva panzvimbo yekukuvara iyo inokonzera kutanga kwekugwamba. DVS inoongorora kana kunyora kutorwa kwemhepo nekurasikirwa kwayo mumuenzaniso uchishandisa gravimetrically uchishandisa ultra-sensitive balance ine mass resolution ye ±0.1 µg. Chikamu chemhepo inomanikidzwa (relative humidity) chinogadzirwa neelectronic mass flow controller yakakomberedza muenzaniso nekusanganisa magasi akazara uye akaoma. Sekureva kweEuropean Pharmacopeia guidelines, zvichibva pahuwandu hwemvura inotorwa nesamples, samples dzakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina (0–0.012% w/w− non-hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w slightly hygroscopic, 2–15% ine hygroscopic iri pakati nepakati, uye >15% ine hygroscopic iri pakati nepakati)23. Sekureva kweEuropean Pharmacopeia guidelines, zvichibva pahuwandu hwemvura inotorwa nesamples, samples dzakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina (0–0.012% w/w− non-hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w slightly hygroscopic, 2–15% hygroscopic zviri pakati nepakati, uye >15% hygroscopic zviri pakati nepakati)23.Zvichienderana nezvakataurwa neEuropean Pharmacopoeia, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekunwa kwemvura nemasampuli, sampuli dzakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina (0–0.012% w/w – isiri hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w hygroscopic zvishoma, 2–15%).% умеренно гигроскопичен и > 15% очень гигроскопичен)23. % ine hygroscopic iri pakati nepakati uye > 15% ine hygroscopic iri pakati nepakati)23.根据欧洲药典指南，根据樣品吸收水分的百分比，樣品分为4 类（0-0.012% w/w-搸靿入%轻微吸湿性、2-15 % 适度吸湿，> 15% 非常吸湿）23.根据 欧洲 药典 指南 ， 根据 吸收 水分 的 百分比 样品 分為 分为 类 % 漈/w-010 类 %-0.性 、 、 、 0.2-2% W/w 轻微 、 2-15% 适度 吸湿 ，> 15 % 非常吸湿）23.Zvichienderana nekurudziro yeEuropean Pharmacopoeia, sampuli dzakakamurwa kuita makirasi mana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehunyoro hunotorwa nemuenzaniso (0-0.012% nehuremu - kwete hunyoro, 0.2-2% nehuremu hunyoro zvishoma, 2-15% nehuremu).% умеренно гигроскопичен, > 15 % очень гигроскопичен) 23. % ine hygroscopic iri pakati nepakati, > 15% ine hygroscopic iri pakati nepakati) 23.Kushanda zvakanaka kweNFCS X NFCS neTsN NFCS kwakaongororwa pachishandiswa analyzer DVS TA TGA Q5000 SA. Munguva iyi, nguva yekushanda, hunyoro (RH), uye huremu hwemuenzaniso wenguva chaiyo pa25°C24 zvakawanikwa. Hunyoro hunoverengerwa nekuongorora kwakarurama kweNFRCS uchishandisa equation inotevera:
MC iNFRCS hunyoro. m1 - huremu hwakaoma hweNSAIDs. m2 iNFRCS hunyoro hwenguva chaiyo paRH yakatarwa.
Nzvimbo yese yepamusoro yakafungidzirwa uchishandisa kuyedza kwe nitrogen adsorption ne liquid nitrogen mushure mekudurura sampuli pa25 °C kwemaawa gumi (< 7 × 10–3 Torr). Nzvimbo yese yepamusoro yakafungidzirwa uchishandisa kuyedza kwe nitrogen adsorption ne liquid nitrogen mushure mekudurura sampuli pa25 °C kwemaawa gumi (< 7 × 10–3 Torr). Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с помощью эксперимента по адсорбции азота жидким азотом после опорожнения образцов при 12 . × 10–3 Торр). Nzvimbo yese yepamusoro yakafungidzirwa uchishandisa kuyedza kwe nitrogen adsorption ne liquid nitrogen mushure mekunge sampuro dzadururwa pa25°C kwemaawa gumi (< 7 × 10–3 Torr).在25°C 清空樣品10 小时（< 7 × 10-3 Torr）后，使用液氮的氮吸附实验估计总表面积。在 25°C Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с использованием экспериментов адсорбции азотом после опользованием экспериментов по адсорбции азотом после опорожнения образова при 25°C (< 7 × 10-3 тор). Nzvimbo yese yepamusoro yakafungidzirwa uchishandisa kuyedzwa kwekunyudzwa kwenitrogen ne liquid nitrogen mushure mekunge masampuli abviswa kwemaawa gumi pa25°C (< 7 x 10-3 torr).Nzvimbo yese yepore, vhoriyamu yepore uye saizi yepore yeNFRCS zvakaongororwa neQuantachrome kubva kuNOVA 1000e, Austria uchishandisa RS 232 software.
Gadzirira 5% RBCs (saline semusanganiswa) kubva muropa rose. Wobva waendesa aliquot yeHFCC (0.25 ml) muplate ine 96-well uye 5% RBC mass (0.1 ml). Isa musanganiswa pa37°C kwemaminitsi makumi mana. Musanganiswa wemasero matsvuku eropa neserum wakaonekwa se positive control, uye musanganiswa wesaline nemasero matsvuku eropa se negative control. Hemagglutination yakaongororwa zvichienderana neStajitzky scale. Zviyero zvakarongwa ndeizvi: + + + + dense granular aggregates; + + + smooth bottom pads dzine mipendero yakakombama; + + smooth bottom pads dzine mipendero yakabvaruka; + mhete dzvuku dzakatetepa dzakatenderedza mipendero ye smooth pads; – (negative) discrete red button 12 pakati pe low well.
Kuenderana kweropa kweNFRCS kwakadzidzwa zvichienderana nenzira yeInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) (ISO10993-4, 1999)26,27. Nzira yegravimetric yakatsanangurwa naSingh et al. Kugadziriswa kudiki kwakaitwa kuti kuongororwe kuumbwa kwethrombus pamberi peNFRCS kana pamusoro payo. 500 mg yeCs, Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS zvakaiswa muphosphate buffered saline (PBS) kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana pa37°C. Mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana, PBS yakabviswa uye NFRCS yakarapwa ne2 ml yeropa rine 3.8% sodium citrate. Pamusoro peNFRCS, wedzera 0.04 ml ye0.1 M CaCl2 kumasampuli akaiswa muincubated. Mushure memaminitsi makumi mana nemashanu, 5 ml yemvura yakasanganiswa yakawedzerwa kuti imise kuonda. Ropa rakaonda pamusoro peNFRK rakarapwa ne36-38% formaldehyde solution. Magwamba akasungwa ne formaldehyde akaomeswa uye akayerwa. Chikamu che thrombosis chakayerwa nekuverenga huremu hwegirazi risina ropa uye sample (negative control) uye girazi rine ropa (positive control).
Sekusimbisa kwekutanga, sampuro dzakaonekwa pachishandiswa maikorosikopu yemaziso kuti dzinzwisise kugona kweHFCC surface coating, Ct yakabatana, uye Ct network kugadzira maburi. Zvikamu zvitete zveCh neCp kubva kuNFRCS zvakachekwa nebanga rescalpel. Chikamu chakabuda chakaiswa pachirairo chegirazi, chakafukidzwa nechivharo, uye mipendero yacho yakasungirirwa neglue. Masiraidhi akagadzirwa akaonekwa pasi pemaikorosikopu yemaziso uye mapikicha akatorwa nehukuru hwakasiyana.
Kuiswa kwepolymer mumaCt network kwakaratidzwa uchishandisa fluorescence microscopy zvichibva panzira yakatsanangurwa naRice et al.29. Musanganiswa weHFCC wakashandiswa pakugadzira uyu wakasanganiswa nedhayi re fluorescent (amaranth), uye NFRCS (Ch & Cp) dzakagadzirwa zvichienderana nenzira yambotaurwa. Musanganiswa weHFCC wakashandiswa pakugadzira uyu wakasanganiswa nedhayi re fluorescent (amaranth), uye NFRCS (Ch & Cp) dzakagadzirwa zvichienderana nenzira yambotaurwa.Musanganiswa weHFCC wakashandiswa pakuumba wakasanganiswa nedhayi re fluorescent (amaranth) uye NFRCS (Ch neCp) yakawanikwa zvichienderana nenzira yambotaurwa.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制备NFRCSp）将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制备NFRCSp）Musanganiswa weHFCC wakashandiswa mukugadzira uyu wakasanganiswa nedhayi re fluorescent (Amaranth) uye wakagamuchira NFRCS (Ch naCp), sezvambotaurwa.Zvikamu zvitete zveNFRK zvakachekwa kubva mumienzaniso yakawanikwa, zvikaiswa pamasiraidhi egirazi, uye zvakafukidzwa nemasiraidhi ekuvhara. Tarisa masiraidhi akagadzirwa pasi pemaikorosikopu ye fluorescent uchishandisa firita yegirini (310-380 nm). Mifananidzo yakatorwa pa4x magnification kuti unzwisise hukama hweCt uye kuwanda kwepolymer muCt network.
Kuonekwa kwenzvimbo yeNFRCS Ch neCp kwakawanikwa uchishandisa atomic force microscope (AFM) ine ultra-sharp TESP cantilever mu tapping mode: 42 N/m, 320 kHz, ROC 2-5 nm, Bruker, Taiwan. Kuonekwa kwenzvimbo kwakaongororwa ne root mean square (RMS) uchishandisa software (Scanning Probe Image Processor). Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeNFRCS dzakaratidzwa pamifananidzo ye3D kuti vaone kana nzvimbo yacho yakafanana. Kutsauka kwakajairwa kwechiratidzo chenzvimbo yakapihwa kunotsanangurwa sekushomeka kwenzvimbo. RMS equation yakashandiswa kuyera kushomeka kwenzvimbo yeNFRCS31.
Zvidzidzo zvakaitirwa FESEM zvakaitirwa vachishandisa FESEM, SU8000, HI-0876-0003, Hitachi, Tokyo, kuti vanzwisise chimiro chepamusoro cheCh NFRCS neCp NFRCS, izvo zvakaratidza BCT iri nani pane Cm NFRCS. Chidzidzo cheFESEM chakaitwa zvichienderana nenzira yakatsanangurwa naZhao et al. 32 nekuchinja kudiki. NFRCS 20 kusvika 30 mg Ch NFRCS neCp NFRCS zvakasanganiswa ne20 µl ye3.8% sodium citrate yakasanganiswa neropa remakonzo. 20 μl ye0.2 M CaCl2 yakawedzerwa kumasampuli akarapwa ropa kuti atange kuvharika uye sampuli dzakaiswa patembiricha yemumba kwemaminitsi gumi. Pamusoro pezvo, ma erythrocyte akawandisa akabviswa pamusoro peNFRCS nekusukurudza nesaline.
Mimwe mienzaniso yakatevera yakarapwa ne0.1% glutaraldehyde ndokuzoomeswa muovheni inopisa pa37°C kubvisa hunyoro. Mimwe mienzaniso yakaomeswa yakaputirwa uye yakaongororwa 32. Mimwe mifananidzo yakawanikwa panguva yekuongorora yaive kuumbwa kweropa pamusoro pemachira edonje ega ega, kuiswa kwepolymer pakati peCt, chimiro cheerythrocyte (chimiro), kuumbwa kweropa, uye kuumbwa kweropa reerythrocyte pamberi peNFRCS. Nzvimbo dzeNFRCS dzisina kurapwa nenzvimbo dzeNFRCS dzakarapwa neCh neCp dzakaiswa ropa dzakaongororwa kuti dziwane maion eropa (sodium, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper uye selenium)33. Enzanisa zvikamu zveion eropa pakati pesampuli dzakarapwa nedzisina kurapwa kuti unzwisise kuunganidzwa kweion eropa panguva yekuumbwa kweropa uye kuumbwa kweropa.
Ukobvu hweCp HFFC pamusoro peCt hwakaongororwa uchishandisa FESEM. Zvikamu zveCp NFRCS zvakachekwa kubva pafuremu uye zvakaputirwa nemasputter. Sampuli dzemasputter dzakabuda dzakaonekwa neFESEM uye ukobvu hwemasputter pamusoro hwakayerwa 34, 35, 36.
X-ray micro-CT inopa mifananidzo ye3D isingaparadze ine resolution yepamusoro uye inokutendera kuti udzidze kurongeka kwemukati meNFRK. Micro-CT inoshandisa X-ray beam inopfuura nemusampuli kuti inyore coefficient yelocal linear attenuation yeX-rays musampuli, izvo zvinobatsira kuwana ruzivo rwechimiro. Nzvimbo yemukati yeCt muCp NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS yakarapwa neropa yakaongororwa nemicro-CT kuti inzwisise kushanda kweabsorption uye kuvharika kweropa kana paine NFRCS37,38,39. Maumbirwo e3D emasampuli eCp NFRCS akarapwa neasina kurapwa akavakwazve achishandisa micro-CT (V|tome|x S240, Phoenix, Germany). Uchishandisa VG STUDIO-MAX software version 2.2, mifananidzo yakati wandei yeX-ray yakatorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana (zvichida 360° coverage) kugadzira mifananidzo ye3D yeNFRCS. Data reprojekti rakaunganidzwa rakagadzirwazve kuita mifananidzo ye3D volumetric uchishandisa software iri nyore ye3D ScanIP Academic.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuti tinzwisise kupararira kweropa rakaumbwa, 20 µl yeropa rakasanganiswa necitrate uye 20 µl ye0.2 M CaCl2 zvakaiswa muNFRCS kuti ropa ritange kugwinha. Mienzaniso yakagadzirwa inosiyiwa kuti iome. Pamusoro peNFRK pakaiswa 0.5% glutaraldehyde ndokuomeswa muovheni inopisa pa30–40°C kwemaminitsi makumi matatu. Kugwinha kweropa kwakagadzirwa paNFRCS kwakaongororwa, kwakagadzirwazve, uye mufananidzo we3D weropa rakaumbwa wakatariswa.
Kuongororwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwakaitwa paCp NFRCS (zvichienzaniswa neCh NFRCS) uchishandisa nzira yakatsanangurwa kare nekuchinja kudiki. Kushanda kweCp NFRCS neCp HFCC kunorwisa mabhakitiriya kwakaongororwa uchishandisa tupukanana tutatu twakasiyana twekuyedza [S.aureus (mabhakitiriya ane gram-positive), E.coli (mabhakitiriya ane gram-negative) uye Candida chena (C.albicans)] inokura paagar muPetri diluted diluted bacterial culture suspension mu incubator. Bata 50 ml ye diluted bacterial culture suspension zvakaenzana pahuwandu hwe105-106 CFU ml-1 pa agar medium. Dururira medium muPetri dish woisiya yakasimba. Matsime akagadzirwa pamusoro pe agar plate kuti azadze ne HFCC (matsime matatu e HFCC uye rimwe rekudzivirira negative). Wedzera 200 µl HFCC kumatsime matatu uye 200 µl pH 7.4 PBS kutsime rechina. Kune rimwe divi redhishi repetri, isa dhisiki re12 mm Cp NFRCS paagar yakasimba wonyorovesa nePBS (pH 7.4). Mapiritsi eCiprofloxacin, ampicillin nefluconazole anoonekwa seanofanirwa kushandiswa pakurapa Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli neCandida albicans. Yera nzvimbo yekudzivisa nemaoko wotora mufananidzo wedhijitari wenzvimbo yekudzivisa.
Mushure mekubvumidzwa kwetsika dzesangano, chidzidzo ichi chakaitirwa kuKasturba Medical College of Education and Research muManipal, Karnataka, kumaodzanyemba kweIndia. Nzira yekuedza yeTEG in vitro yakaongororwa uye yakatenderwa neInstitutional Ethics Committee yeKasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020). Vanhu vakatorwa kubva kune vanopa ropa vanozvipira (vane makore 18 kusvika 55) kubva kubhangi reropa rechipatara. Pamusoro pezvo, fomu rekubvuma rakapihwa kubva kune vanozvipira kuti vaunganidze masampuli eropa. Native TEG (N-TEG) ​​​​yakashandiswa kudzidza mhedzisiro yeCp HFCC formula paropa rose rakasanganiswa nesodium citrate. N-TEG inozivikanwa zvakanyanya nebasa rayo mukudzoreredza ropa panzvimbo yekutarisira, izvo zvinogadzira matambudziko kune vanachiremba nekuda kwekunonoka kwakanyanya mumhedzisiro (kuongororwa kweropa nguva dzose). Kuongorora kweN-TEG kwakaitwa uchishandisa ropa rose. Kubvumidzwa kwakapihwa ruzivo uye nhoroondo yezvekurapa yakadzama zvakatorwa kubva kune vese vatori vechikamu. Chidzidzo ichi hachina kusanganisira vatori vechikamu vane matambudziko eropa kana thrombotic akadai sepamuviri/pashure pekusununguka kana chirwere chechiropa. Vanhu vakatora mishonga inokanganisa kuvharika kweropa havanawo kuverengerwa muongororo iyi. Miedzo yekutanga yemurabhoritari (hemoglobin, prothrombin time, activated thromboplastin uye platelet count) yakaitwa kune vese vakatora chikamu zvichienderana nemaitiro akajairwa. N-TEG inoona kuvharika kweropa, chimiro chekutanga chekuvhara ropa, kubatana kwezvikamu, kusimbisa kuvharika kweropa, uye kuvharika kweropa. Ongororo yeN-TEG inopa data remifananidzo uye nhamba pamusoro pemhedzisiro yezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemasero neplasma. Ongororo yeN-TEG yakaitwa pamavhoriyamu maviri akasiyana eCp HFCC (10 µl ne50 µl). Nekuda kweizvozvo, 1 ml yeropa rese rine citric acid yakawedzerwa ku10 μl yeCp HFCC. Wedzera 1 ml (Cp HFCC + ropa rakachekwa), 340 µl ropa rakasanganiswa ku20 µl 0.2 M CaCl2 ine TEG dish. Mushure mezvo, ndiro dzeTEG dzakaiswa muTEG® 5000, US kuti dziyereswe R, K, alpha angle, MA, G, CI, TPI, EPL, LY 30% yemasampuli eropa pamberi peCp HFFC41.
Nzira yekudzidza mu vivo yakaongororwa uye yakatenderwa neInstitutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC), Kasturba School of Medicine, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020). Kuedza kwese kwemhuka kwakaitwa zvichienderana nekurudziro yeKomiti yeKudzora neKutarisira Kuedza Kwemhuka (CPCSEA). Zvidzidzo zvese zveNFRCS mu vivo (2 × 2 cm2) zvakaitwa pamakonzo echikadzi eWistar (ane huremu hwe200 kusvika 250 g). Mhuka dzese dzakajairana netembiricha ye24-26°C, mhuka dzaive nekuwana chikafu nemvura zvakasununguka. Mhuka dzese dzakakamurwa zvisina tsarukano mumapoka akasiyana, boka rega rega raive nemhuka nhatu. Zvidzidzo zvese zvakaitwa zvichienderana neAnimal Studies: Report of In Vivo Experiments 43. Pamberi pekudzidza, mhuka dzakapihwa mushonga wekuti dzinzwe marwadzo kuburikidza nekupa musanganiswa we20-50 mg weketamine (pa 1 kg yehuremu hwemuviri) uye 2-10 mg yexylazine (pa 1 kg yehuremu hwemuviri). Mushure mekudzidza, huwandu hwekubuda ropa hwakaverengerwa nekuongorora musiyano uripo pakati pehuremu hwekutanga nehwekupedzisira hwemasampuli, avhareji yehuwandu hwakawanikwa kubva muongororo nhatu yakatorwa sehuwandu hwekubuda ropa hwemuenzaniso.
Muenzaniso wekugurwa kwemuswe wemakonzo wakaitwa kuti unzwisise kugona kweNFRCS kugadzirisa kubuda kweropa mukukuvara, kurwa, kana tsaona dzemumugwagwa (muenzaniso wekukuvara). Cheka 50% yemuswe nebanga reganda woisa mumhepo kwemasekonzi gumi nemashanu kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti kubuda kweropa kwakajairika. Pamusoro pezvo, sampuro dzekuyedza dzakaiswa pamuswe wemakonzo nekushandisa kudzvanywa (Ct, Cs, Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS). Kubuda ropa uye PCT zvakashumwa kune sampuro dzekuyedza (n ​​= 3)17,45.
Kushanda kweNFRCS kudzora kumanikidzwa muhondo kwakaongororwa pamuenzaniso wetsinga yepamusoro yefemoral. Tsinga yefemoral inoonekwa pachena, yoboorwa ne24G trocar, uye yobuda ropa mukati memasekonzi gumi nemashanu. Mushure mekunge ropa risingadzoreki raonekwa, sampuli yekuedzwa inoiswa panzvimbo yekuboorwa nekumanikidzwa kwakaiswa. Mushure mekushandisa sampuli yekuedzwa, nguva yekugwamba kweropa yakarekodhwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwehemostatic kwakaonekwa kwemaminitsi mashanu anotevera. Maitiro akafanana akadzokororwa neCs neCt46.
Dowling nevamwe 47 vakapa muenzaniso wekukuvara kwechiropa kuti vaongorore kugona kwehemostatic kwezvinhu zvehemostatic mumamiriro ekubuda ropa panguva yekuvhiyiwa. BCT yakanyorwa sampuli dzeCt (negative control), Cs framework (positive control), Ch NFRCS samples, uye Cp NFRCS samples. Suprahepatic vena cava yegonzo yakafumurwa nekuita median laparotomy. Mushure meizvozvo, chikamu chedistal cheruboshwe chakachekwa nechigero. Gadzira chiropa nebanga re scalpel wochirega chichibuda ropa kwemasekonzi mashoma. Ch NFRCS dzakayerwa nemazvo uye Cp NFRCS test samples dzakaiswa panzvimbo yakakuvara pasina kana positive pressure uye BCT yakanyorwa. Boka rekudzora (Ct) rakazoisa pressure richiteverwa neCs 30 s47 pasina kuputsa kukuvara.
Kuyedzwa kwekuporesa maronda mumuviri kwakaitwa uchishandisa modhi yekubvisa maronda kuti vaongorore hunhu hwekuporesa maronda eNFRCS dzakagadzirwa nepolymer. Mhando dzemaronda ekubvisa maronda dzakasarudzwa uye dzakaitwa zvichienderana nenzira dzakamboburitswa kare nekuchinja kudiki 19,32,48. Mhuka dzese dzakarapwa sezvakataurwa kare. Shandisa chibhakera che biopsy (12 mm) kuti ucheke ganda remusana. Nzvimbo dzemaronda dzakagadzirwa dzakapfekedzwa neCs (positive control), Ct (kuziva kuti machira edonje anokanganisa kupora), Ch NFRCS neCp NFRCS (boka rekuyedza) uye negative control pasina kurapwa. Pazuva rega rega rekudzidza, nzvimbo yeronda yakayerwa mumakonzo ese. Shandisa kamera yedhijitari kutora mufananidzo wenzvimbo yeronda uye kupfeka dressing itsva. Chikamu chekuvharwa kweronda chakayerwa nefomula inotevera:
Zvichibva pahuwandu hwemaronda akavharika pazuva rechi12 rekudzidza, ganda remakonzo eboka rakanakisisa rakabviswa ((Cp NFRCS) neboka rekutonga) ndokudzidzwa neH&E staining uye Masson's trichrome staining. Zvichibva pahuwandu hwemaronda akavharika pazuva rechi12 rekudzidza, ganda remakonzo eboka rakanakisisa rakabviswa ((Cp NFRCS) neboka rekutonga) ndokudzidzwa neH&E staining uye Masson's trichrome staining.Zvichibva pahuwandu hwemaronda akavharika pazuva rechi12 rekudzidza, ganda remakonzo eboka rakanakisisa ((Cp NFRCS) neboka rekutonga) rakabviswa uye rakaongororwa nekuisa ruvara ne hematoxylin-eosin ne Masson's trichrome.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠皮肤，进行H&E染色和Masson三色染色研究.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠皮肤，进行H&E扄)Makonzo ari muboka rakanakisisa ((Cp NFRCS) nemapoka ekudzora) akabviswa kuti apiswe ruvara rwehematoxylin-eosin uye Masson's trichrome staining zvichibva pahuwandu hwemaronda akavharika pazuva rechi12 rekudzidza.Maitiro ekuisa ruvara akashandiswa akaitwa zvichienderana nenzira dzakambotsanangurwa49,50. Muchidimbu, mushure mekuiswa mu10% formalin, sampuro dzakabviswa mvura dzichishandisa mhando dzakasiyana dzealcohols dzakarongwa. Shandisa microtome kuti uwane zvikamu zvitete (5 µm gobvu) zvenyama yakabviswa. Zvikamu zvitete zvezvinodzora uye Cp NFRCS zvakarapwa nehematoxylin neeosin kuti zvidzidze shanduko dze histopathological. Masson's trichrome stain yakashandiswa kuona kuumbwa kwe collagen fibrils. Mhedzisiro yakawanikwa yakaongororwa zvisina kujeka nevanoongorora zvirwere.
Kugadzikana kwemasampuli eCp NFRCS kwakadzidzwa patembiricha yemukamuri (25°C ± 2°C/60% RH ± 5%) kwemwedzi gumi nemiviri. Cp NFRCS (kuchinja kweruvara rwepamusoro uye kukura kwehutachiona) yakaongororwa nemaziso uye yakaedzwa kuti ionekwe seisingapfeki uye kuti haipedzi kupeta zvichienderana nenzira dziri pamusoro dzakatsanangurwa muchikamu cheZvinhu neNzira.
Kukwanisa kukura uye kudzokororwa kweCp NFRCS kwakaongororwa nekugadzira Cp NFRCS ine saizi ye15×15 cm2. Pamusoro pezvo, 30 mg samples (n = 5) dzakabviswa kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana zveCp NFRCS uye BCT yemasamples akadzidzwa yakaongororwa sezvakatsanangurwa kare muchikamu cheMethods.
Takaedza kugadzira maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana tichishandisa Cp NFRCS compositions yekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemishonga. Maumbirwo akadaro anosanganisira conical swabs yekubvisa ropa mumhino, kurapwa kwemazino, uye cylindrical swabs yekubvisa ropa munhengo yemukadzi.
Maseti ese edata anotsanangurwa seavhareji ± standard deviation uye akaongororwa neANOVA achishandisa Prism 5.03 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA) zvichiteverwa neBonferroni's multiple comparison test (*p<0.05).
Maitiro ese akaitwa muzvidzidzo zvevanhu aienderana nezvinodiwa neInstitute neNational Research Council, pamwe neDeclaration of Helsinki 1964 pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwayo kwakatevera, kana mitemo yetsika yakafanana. Vese vatori vechikamu vakaziviswa nezvezvinhu zvechidzidzo ichi uye hunhu hwacho hwekuzvipira. Ruzivo rwevatori vechikamu runoramba rwakavanzika kana rwaunganidzwa. Nzira yekuyedza yeTEG in vitro yakaongororwa uye yakatenderwa neInstitutional Ethics Committee yeKasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020). Vazvipiri vakasaina chibvumirano cheruzivo chekutora sampuro dzeropa.
Maitiro ese akaitwa muzvidzidzo zvemhuka akaitwa zvichienderana neKastuba Faculty of Medicine, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020). Kuedza kwese kwemhuka kwakagadzirwa zvichienderana nemirairo yeKomiti yeKudzora neKutarisira Kuedza Kwemhuka (CPCSEA). Vanyori vese vanotevedzera nhungamiro dzeARRIVE.
Ma FTIR spectra eNFRCS ese akaongororwa uye akaenzaniswa ne chitosan spectrum inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2A. Hunhu hwepamusoro hwechitosan (hwakanyorwa) pa3437 cm-1 (OH neNH stretching, overlap), 2945 uye 2897 cm-1 (CH stretching), 1660 cm-1 (NH2 strain), 1589 cm-1 (N–H bending), 1157 cm-1 (bridge stretch O-), 1067 cm-1 (stretch C–O, secondary hydroxyl), 993 cm-1 (stretch CO, Bo-OH) 52.53.54. Tafura Yekuwedzera S1 inoratidza FTIR NFRCS absorption spectrum values ​​​​ye chitosan (reporter), pure chitosan, Cm, Ch, uye Cp. Ma spectra eFTIR eNFRCS dzese (Cm, Ch naCp) akaratidza mabhendi ekunyudzwa akafanana neakachena chitosan pasina shanduko huru (Mufananidzo 2A). Mhedzisiro yeFTIR yakasimbisa kusavapo kwekudyidzana kwemakemikari kana kwepanyama pakati pema polymer anoshandiswa kugadzira NFRCS, zvichiratidza kuti ma polymer anoshandiswa haana simba.
Kutsanangurwa kweCm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS uye Cs mu in vitro. (A) inomiririra ma FTIR spectra akabatanidzwa ezviumbwa zve chitosan neCm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS neCp NFRCS pasi pekumanikidzwa. (B) a) Mwero wekutora ropa rose reNFRCS Cm, Ch, Cp, uye Cg (n = 3); Samples dzeCt dzakaratidza BAR yakakwira nekuti swab yekotoni ine kugona kwakanyanya kupinza; b) Ropa mushure mekupinza ropa Mufananidzo wemuenzaniso wakatorwa. Mufananidzo weBCT yemuenzaniso wekuyera C (Cp NFRCS yaive neBCT yakanakisa (15 s, n = 3)). Data riri muC, D, E, naG rakaratidzwa seavhareji ± SD, uye mitsetse yekukanganisa inomiririra SD, ***p < 0.0001. Data riri muC, D, E, naG rakaratidzwa seavhareji ± SD, uye mitsetse yekukanganisa inomiririra SD, ***p < 0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G представлены как среднее ± стандартное отклонение, а планки погрешностей представляют стандартное отклонение,0, *** Data riri muC, D, E, naG rinoonekwa seavhareji ± kutsauka kwakajairwa, uye mitsetse yekukanganisa inomiririra kutsauka kwakajairwa, ***p<0.0001. C, D、E 和G 中的数据显示為平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001. C, D、E 和G 中的数据显示為平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G показаны как среднее значение значение ± стандартное отклонение, планки погрешностей представляют стандартное отклонение,0, 10 ***p. Data riri muC, D, E, naG rinoratidzwa sepakati ± kutsauka kwakajairwa, mitsetse yekukanganisa inomiririra kutsauka kwakajairwa, ***p<0.0001.