Ua tsaug rau koj tuaj xyuas Nature.com. Lub browser version uas koj siv muaj kev txhawb nqa CSS tsawg. Rau qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws, peb xav kom koj siv lub browser hloov tshiab (lossis kaw Compatibility Mode hauv Internet Explorer). Lub sijhawm no, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev txhawb nqa txuas ntxiv, peb yuav ua rau lub xaib tsis muaj cov qauv thiab JavaScript.
Kev los ntshav tsis tswj tau yog ib qho ntawm cov ua rau tuag taus. Kev ua tiav cov ntshav ntws sai sai ua kom tus neeg mob muaj sia nyob ua kev pab thawj zaug thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev sib tsoo tsheb, thiab kev ua haujlwm txo kev tuag. Nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) uas tau los ntawm cov khoom siv hemostatic yooj yim (HFFC) ua ib theem txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau thiab txhim kho hemostasis. Kev txhim kho ntawm NFRCS yog raws li kev tsim ntawm tis ntawm tus dragonfly. Lub tis ntawm tus dragonfly muaj cov tis transverse thiab longitudinal, thiab cov tis membranes txuas nrog ib leeg kom tswj tau qhov kev ua tiav ntawm microstructure. HFFC npog lub ntsej muag ntawm cov fiber nrog ib zaj duab xis ntawm nanometer tuab thiab txuas cov paj rwb tuab faib tsis raws cai (Ct) (theem dispersed) los tsim cov qauv nanoporous. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov theem txuas ntxiv thiab dispersed txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom los ntawm kaum npaug piv rau cov khoom muaj nyob hauv khw. Cov NFRCS hloov kho (tampons lossis wristbands) tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev siv biomedical. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv vivo tau xaus lus tias Cp NFRCS uas tsim tawm ua rau thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem coagulation ntawm qhov chaw siv. NFRCS tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov chaw ib puag ncig thiab ua haujlwm ntawm theem cellular vim nws cov qauv nanoporous ua rau qhov txhab kho zoo dua hauv cov qauv qhov txhab txiav tawm.
Kev tsis tswj kev los ntshav thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua, thaum phais thiab thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg raug mob1. Cov mob no ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlab ntsha peripheral ntau ntxiv, ua rau muaj kev poob siab hemorrhagic. Cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog los tswj kev los ntshav thaum lub sijhawm thiab tom qab phais mob suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai rau lub neej2,3. Kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha loj ua rau muaj kev poob ntshav ntau heev, ua rau muaj kev tuag ntawm ≤ 50% thaum sib ntaus sib tua thiab 31% thaum phais mob1. Kev poob ntshav ntau heev ua rau lub cev txo qis, uas ua rau lub plawv tso zis tsawg dua. Kev nce ntxiv ntawm tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlab ntsha peripheral thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntshav me me ua rau hypoxia hauv cov kab mob txhawb nqa txoj sia. Kev poob siab hemorrhagic yuav tshwm sim yog tias qhov mob txuas ntxiv mus yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo1,4,5. Lwm yam teeb meem suav nrog kev nce qib ntawm hypothermia thiab metabolic acidosis, nrog rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntshav uas cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem coagulation. Kev poob siab hemorrhagic hnyav cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo siab dua ntawm kev tuag6,7,8. Hauv qib III (nce qib), kev hloov ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tus neeg mob kom muaj sia nyob thaum lub sijhawm phais mob thiab tom qab phais mob. Yuav kom kov yeej txhua yam xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej, peb tau tsim ib lub nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) uas siv cov polymer concentration tsawg kawg nkaus (0.5%) siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov polymers hemostatic uas yaj tau hauv dej.
Los ntawm kev siv cov fiber reinforcement, cov khoom lag luam pheej yig tuaj yeem tsim tau. Cov fibers uas tau teeb tsa tsis raws cai zoo li cov qauv ntawm tis ntawm tus dragonfly, sib npaug los ntawm cov kab kab rov tav thiab ntsug ntawm tis. Cov leeg transverse thiab longitudinal ntawm tis sib txuas lus nrog lub tis membrane (Daim Duab 1). NFRCS muaj cov Ct reinforced ua lub cev scaffold nrog lub zog zoo dua thiab lub zog kho tshuab (Daim Duab 1). Vim yog qhov pheej yig thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, cov kws phais neeg nyiam siv cov xov paj rwb (Ct) thaum lub sijhawm phais thiab hnav khaub ncaws. Yog li ntawd, xav txog nws cov txiaj ntsig ntau yam, suav nrog > 90% crystalline cellulose (ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm hemostatic), Ct tau siv ua lub cev pob txha ntawm NFRCS9,10. Yog li ntawd, xav txog nws cov txiaj ntsig ntau yam, suav nrog > 90% crystalline cellulose (ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm hemostatic), Ct tau siv ua lub cev pob txha ntawm NFRCS9,10. Следовательно, учитывая его многочисленные преимущества, в том числе > 90% кристаллической цылуслой звучвате повышении гемостатической активности), Ct использовали в качестве скелетной системы NFRCS9,10. Yog li ntawd, muab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntau, suav nrog > 90% crystalline cellulose (koom nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hemostatic ntau ntxiv), Ct tau siv ua NFRCS pob txha system9,10.因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90% 的结晶纤维素（有助于增强止血活性），Ct 被活性）, Ct 被用 90 NCS的骨架系统.因此, 考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90%Yog li ntawd, muab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntau, suav nrog ntau dua 90% crystalline cellulose (pab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hemostatic), Ct tau siv los ua lub scaffold rau NFRCS9,10.Ct tau coated superficially (pom nano-tuab zaj duab xis tsim) thiab txuas nrog ib tug hemostatic zaj duab xis-tsim composition (HFFC). HFFC ua zoo li ib tug matrigel, tuav random tso Ct ua ke. Tus tsim tsim xa kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv lub dispersed theem (reinforcing fibers). Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tau txais nanoporous qauv nrog zoo mechanical zog siv tsawg kawg nkaus polymer concentrations. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yooj yim rau customize sib txawv pwm rau txawv biomedical daim ntawv thov.
Daim duab qhia txog daim duab kos ntawm NFRCS tsim raws li tus qauv tis ntawm tus kab laug sab (A). Daim duab no qhia txog kev sib piv ntawm tus qauv tis ntawm tus kab laug sab (cov leeg ntawm tis sib tshuam thiab ntev sib txuas) thiab daim duab thaij duab ntawm Cp NFRCS (B). Daim duab kos ntawm NFRCS.
NFRCs tau tsim los ntawm kev siv HFFC ua ib theem txuas ntxiv mus daws cov kev txwv saum toj no. HFFC yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam polymers hemostatic uas tsim cov zaj duab xis suav nrog chitosan (ua lub polymer hemostatic tseem ceeb) nrog methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 50 cp) thiab polyvinyl cawv (PVA)) (125 kDa) ua ib qho polymer txhawb nqa uas txhawb nqa kev tsim thrombus. Kev ntxiv ntawm polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) txhim kho lub peev xwm nqus dej ntawm NFRCS. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) tau ntxiv los txhim kho polymer crosslinking hauv cov polymer sib xyaw ua ke. Peb qhov sib txawv HFFC hemostatic compositions (Cm HFFC, Ch HFFC thiab Cp HFFC), uas yog chitosan nrog MC (Cm), chitosan nrog HPMC (Ch), thiab chitosan nrog PVA (Cp), tau siv rau Ct. Ntau yam kev tshawb fawb txog tus cwj pwm hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo tau lees paub qhov ua haujlwm hemostatic thiab kho qhov txhab ntawm NFRCS. Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw uas NFRCS muab tuaj yeem siv los kho ntau hom scaffolding kom tau raws li qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Ntxiv mus, NFRCS tuaj yeem hloov kho ua daim ntaub qhwv lossis yob kom npog tag nrho qhov chaw raug mob ntawm cov ceg qis thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Tshwj xeeb rau kev raug mob ceg sib ntaus sib tua, tus qauv tsim NFRCS tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ib nrab caj npab lossis tag nrho ceg (Daim Duab Ntxiv S11). NFRCS tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub dab teg nrog cov kua nplaum ntaub so ntswg, uas tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv kev los ntshav los ntawm kev raug mob dab teg hnyav. Peb lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tsim NFRCS nrog cov polymer me me li sai tau uas tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov pej xeem coob (hauv qab kab kev txom nyem) thiab uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub thawv kho mob thawj zaug. Yooj yim, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab pheej yig hauv kev tsim, NFRCS pab cov zej zog hauv zos thiab tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam thoob ntiaj teb.
Chitosan (qhov hnyav molecular 80 kDa) thiab amaranth tau yuav los ntawm Merck, Is Nrias teb. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 Cp, polyethylene glycol 400 thiab methylcellulose tau yuav los ntawm Loba Chemie Pvt. LLC, Mumbai. Polyvinyl cawv (qhov hnyav molecular 125 kDa) (87-90% hydrolysed) tau yuav los ntawm National Chemicals, Gujarat. Polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 tau yuav los ntawm Molychem, Mumbai, cov swabs sterile tau yuav los ntawm Ramaraju Surgery Cotton Mills Ltd., Tamil Nadu, nrog Milli Q dej (Direct-Q3 water purification system, Merck, Is Nrias teb) ua tus nqa khoom.
NFRCS tau tsim los ntawm kev siv txoj kev lyophilization11,12. Tag nrho cov HFFC compositions (Rooj 1) tau npaj siv lub tshuab stirrer. Npaj ib qho 0.5% kua ntawm chitosan siv 1% acetic acid hauv dej los ntawm kev sib xyaw tas li ntawm 800 rpm ntawm lub tshuab stirrer. Qhov hnyav tseeb ntawm cov polymer loaded qhia hauv Rooj 1 tau ntxiv rau cov kua chitosan thiab do kom txog thaum tau txais cov kua polymer meej. PVP K30 thiab PEG 400 tau ntxiv rau cov sib tov ua ke hauv qhov ntau npaum li qhia hauv Rooj 1, thiab kev sib xyaw txuas ntxiv mus kom txog thaum tau txais cov kua polymer viscous meej. Lub dab dej ntawm cov kua polymer tau sonicated rau 60 feeb kom tshem tawm cov pa npuas ntawm cov sib tov polymer. Raws li pom hauv Daim Duab Ntxiv S1 (b), Ct tau faib sib npaug hauv txhua lub qhov ntawm 6-qhov phaj (pwm) ntxiv nrog 5 ml ntawm HFFC.
Lub phaj rau-qhov tau sonicated rau 60 feeb kom ua tiav cov dej ntub thiab faib tawm ntawm HFFC hauv Ct network. Tom qab ntawd khov lub phaj rau-qhov ntawm -20 ° C rau 8-12 teev. Cov phaj khov tau lyophilized rau 48 teev kom tau txais ntau yam formulations ntawm NFRCS. Tib txoj kev siv los tsim cov duab sib txawv thiab cov qauv, xws li tampons lossis cylindrical tampons, lossis lwm yam duab rau ntau daim ntawv thov.
Cov chitosan (80 kDa) (3%) uas tau hnyav raug yog yaj rau hauv 1% acetic acid siv lub tshuab sib nqus stirrer. Rau cov tshuaj chitosan tau ntxiv 1% PEG 400 thiab do rau 30 feeb. Ncuav cov tshuaj no rau hauv lub thawv plaub fab lossis lub thawv plaub fab thiab khov ntawm -80 ° C rau 12 teev. Cov qauv khov tau lyophilized rau 48 teev kom tau txais porous Cs13.
Cov NFRCS uas tau tsim tawm tau raug sim siv Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Shimadzu 8400 s FTIR, Tokyo, Nyiv Pooj) los xyuas kom meej tias chitosan sib xws nrog lwm cov polymers14,15. Cov FTIR spectra (dav ntawm qhov ntau ntawm spectral txij li 400 txog 4000 cm-1) ntawm tag nrho cov qauv kuaj tau txais los ntawm kev ua 32 scans.
Tus nqi nqus ntshav (BAR) rau txhua cov qauv tau raug soj ntsuam siv txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Chen et al. 16 nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis. Cov NFRKs tsim tawm ntawm txhua cov khoom sib xyaw tau qhuav hauv lub qhov cub nqus tsev ntawm 105 ° C ib hmos kom tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj seem. 30 mg NFRCS (qhov hnyav piv txwv thawj zaug - W0) thiab 30 mg Ct (kev tswj zoo) tau muab tso rau hauv cov tais sib cais uas muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ntej ntawm 3.8% sodium citrate. Ntawm lub sijhawm teem tseg, piv txwv li 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 thiab 60 vib nas this, NFRCS tau raug tshem tawm thiab lawv cov nplaim ntxuav cov ntshav tsis tau nqus los ntawm kev muab cov qauv rau ntawm Ct rau 30 vib nas this. Qhov hnyav kawg ntawm cov ntshav uas NFRCS 16 nqus tau raug txiav txim siab (W1) ntawm txhua lub sijhawm. Xam feem pua ​​BAR siv cov mis hauv qab no:
Lub sijhawm ntshav txhaws (BCT) tau txiav txim siab raws li Wang et al. 17 tau tshaj tawm. Lub sijhawm xav tau rau cov ntshav tag nrho (cov ntshav nas uas tau sib xyaw ua ntej nrog 3.8% sodium citrate) kom txhaws thaum muaj NFRCS tau suav ua BCT ntawm cov qauv kuaj. Cov khoom sib txawv ntawm NFRCS (30 mg) tau muab tso rau hauv 10 ml lub raj mis uas muaj hau ntswj thiab muab tso rau ntawm 37 ° C. Cov ntshav (0.5 ml) tau ntxiv rau hauv lub raj mis thiab 0.3 ml ntawm 0.2 M CaCl2 tau ntxiv los ua kom cov ntshav txhaws. Thaum kawg, tig lub raj mis txhua 15 vib nas this (txog li 180 °) kom txog thaum cov ntshav khov kho. BCT ntawm cov qauv tau kwv yees los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov flips vails17,18. Raws li BCT, ob qho khoom sib xyaw zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm NFRCS Cm, Ch thiab Cp tau raug xaiv rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv txog tus cwj pwm.
Cov BCT ntawm Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS cov khoom sib xyaw tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Li et al. 19. Muab 15 x 15 mm2 Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS, thiab Cs (kev tswj zoo) rau hauv cov tais Petri sib cais (37 °C). Cov ntshav uas muaj 3.8% sodium citrate tau sib xyaw nrog 0.2 M CaCl2 hauv qhov sib piv 10:1 kom pib cov txheej txheem ntshav txhaws. 20 µl ntawm 0.2 M CaCl2 cov ntshav nas sib xyaw tau siv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tais Petri khoob. Kev tswj yog cov ntshav nchuav rau hauv cov tais Petri khoob yam tsis muaj Ct. Ntawm lub sijhawm teem tseg ntawm 0, 3, thiab 5 feeb, nres qhov txhaws los ntawm kev ntxiv 10 ml ntawm dej deionized (DI) rau hauv cov qauv uas muaj lub tais yam tsis cuam tshuam cov ntshav txhaws. Cov ntshav erythrocytes tsis coagulated (erythrocytes) raug hemolysis nyob rau hauv qhov muaj dej deionized thiab tso hemoglobin. Hemoglobin ntawm cov sijhawm sib txawv (HA(t)) raug ntsuas ntawm 540 nm (λmax hemoglobin) siv lub tshuab ntsuas UV-Vis. Qhov nqus tag nrho ntawm hemoglobin (AH(0)) hauv 0 feeb ntawm 20 µl ntawm cov ntshav hauv 10 ml ntawm cov dej deionized tau coj los ua tus qauv siv. Qhov sib piv ntawm hemoglobin uptake (RHA) ntawm cov ntshav coagulated tau suav los ntawm qhov piv HA(t)/HA(0) siv tib pawg ntshav.
Siv lub tshuab ntsuas kev ntxhib los mos (Texture Pro CT V1.3 Build 15, Brookfield, USA), cov khoom nplaum ntawm NFRK rau cov nqaij puas tau txiav txim siab. Nias lub tais qhib-hauv qab cylindrical tawm tsam sab hauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij npua (tsis muaj txheej rog). Cov qauv (Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS) tau siv los ntawm cannula rau hauv cov pwm cylindrical kom tsim kev nplaum rau daim tawv nqaij ntawm npua. Tom qab 3 feeb incubation ntawm chav tsev kub (RT) (25 ° C.), NFRCS lub zog nplaum tau sau tseg ntawm qhov nrawm tas li ntawm 0.5 hli / sec.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov sealant phais yog kom cov ntshav txhaws ntau ntxiv thaum txo cov ntshav poob. Kev coagulation tsis poob hauv NFRCS tau soj ntsuam siv txoj kev luam tawm ua ntej nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis 19. Ua lub raj microcentrifuge (2 ml) (txoj kab uas hla sab hauv 10 hli) nrog lub qhov 8 × 5 mm2 ntawm ib sab ntawm lub raj centrifuge (sawv cev rau qhov txhab qhib). NFRCS siv los kaw qhov qhib thiab daim kab xev siv los kaw cov npoo sab nraud. Ntxiv 20 µl ntawm 0.2 M CaCl2 rau lub raj microcentrifuge uas muaj 3.8% sodium citrate premix. Tom qab 10 feeb, cov raj microcentrifuge tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov tais diav thiab qhov nce ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov tais diav tau txiav txim siab vim yog cov ntshav tawm ntawm NFRK (n = 3). Cov ntshav poob Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS tau piv nrog Cs.
Kev ntsuas qhov ntub dej ntawm NFRCS tau txiav txim siab raws li txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Mishra thiab Chaudhary21 nrog kev hloov kho me me. Muab NFRCS tso rau hauv lub raj mis Erlenmeyer 100 ml nrog 50 ml dej thiab tig rau 60 vib nas this yam tsis muaj lub hau. Kev tshuaj xyuas pom thiab kev txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv rau kev ua kom lub cev zoo raws li kev sau.
Lub zog khi ntawm HFFC rau Ct tau kawm siv cov txheej txheem uas tau luam tawm ua ntej nrog kev hloov kho me me. Kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem saum npoo tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kev ua rau NFRK raug rau cov nthwv dej acoustic (kev txhawb nqa sab nraud) nyob rau hauv qhov muaj milliQ dej (Ct). Cov NFRCS Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS uas tau tsim tau muab tso rau hauv lub beaker uas muaj dej thiab sonicated rau 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, thiab 30 feeb, raws li. Tom qab ziab, qhov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm qhov hnyav pib thiab qhov hnyav kawg ntawm NFRCS tau siv los xam qhov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm kev poob ntawm cov khoom siv (HFFC). Hauv vitro BCT ntxiv txhawb nqa lub zog khi lossis kev poob ntawm cov khoom siv saum npoo. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm HFFC khi rau Ct muab cov ntshav coagulation thiab ib txheej elastic rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Ct22.
Qhov sib xws ntawm cov NFRCS uas tau tsim tawm tau txiav txim siab los ntawm BCT ntawm cov qauv (30 mg) uas tau coj los ntawm cov chaw xaiv dav dav ntawm NFRCS. Ua raws li cov txheej txheem BCT uas tau hais ua ntej los txiav txim siab txog kev ua raws li NFRCS. Qhov sib ze ntawm tag nrho tsib cov qauv ua kom muaj kev npog ntawm qhov chaw sib xws thiab HFFC tso rau hauv Ct mesh.
Qhov chaw sib cuag ntshav nominal (NBCA) tau txiav txim siab raws li tau tshaj tawm ua ntej nrog qee qhov kev hloov kho. Coagulate cov ntshav los ntawm clamping 20 µl ntawm cov ntshav ntawm ob qhov chaw ntawm Ct, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS thiab Cs. Tom qab 1 teev, ob qhov ntawm stent tau sib cais thiab ntsuas tes ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm peb qhov rov ua dua tau suav hais tias yog NBCA NFRCS19.
Kev tshuaj xyuas Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) tau siv los ntsuam xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm NFRCS los nqus dej los ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud lossis los ntawm qhov chaw raug mob uas ua rau pib coagulation. DVS ntsuas lossis sau cov pa dej nqus thiab poob hauv cov qauv siv lub zog hnyav siv lub tshuab sib npaug ultra-sensitive nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm ± 0.1 µg. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj cov huab cua ntws ib nrab (qhov av noo) yog tsim los ntawm lub zog vapor ib puag ncig cov qauv los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov pa roj saturated thiab qhuav. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm European Pharmacopeia, raws li feem pua ​​ntawm cov dej noo uas cov qauv nqus tau, cov qauv tau muab faib ua 4 pawg (0–0.012% w/w− tsis hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w hygroscopic me ntsis, 2–15% moderately hygroscopic, thiab > 15% hygroscopic heev)23. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm European Pharmacopeia, raws li feem pua ​​ntawm cov dej noo uas cov qauv nqus tau, cov qauv tau muab faib ua 4 pawg (0–0.012% w/w− tsis hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w hygroscopic me ntsis, 2–15% hygroscopic nruab nrab, thiab > 15% hygroscopic heev)23.Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm European Pharmacopoeia, nyob ntawm seb feem pua ​​ntawm cov dej noo nqus tau los ntawm cov qauv, cov qauv tau muab faib ua 4 pawg (0–0.012% w/w - tsis hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w hygroscopic me ntsis, 2– kaum tsib%).% умеренно гигроскопичен и > 15% очень гигроскопичен)23. % nruab nrab hygroscopic thiab > 15% hygroscopic heev)23.根据欧洲药典指南，根据样品吸收水分的百分比，样品分为4 类（0-0.012% w/w- 槝/2 、轻微吸湿性、2-15% 适度吸湿，> 15% 非常吸湿）23.根据 欧洲 药典 指南 ， 根据 吸收 水分的百分比 样品分为 分为 分为 帺帺 市 0.性 、 、 、 、 0.2-2% W/w 轻微 、 2-15% 适度吸湿 ，> 15% 非常吸湿）23.Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm European Pharmacopoeia, cov qauv kuaj tau muab faib ua 4 pawg nyob ntawm seb feem pua ​​ntawm cov dej noo uas cov qauv nqus tau (0-0.012% los ntawm qhov hnyav - tsis hygroscopic, 0.2-2% los ntawm qhov hnyav hygroscopic me ntsis, 2-15% los ntawm qhov hnyav).% умеренно гигроскопичен, > 15 % очень гигроскопичен) 23. % nruab nrab hygroscopic, > 15% hygroscopic heev) 23.Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm hygroscopic ntawm NFCS X NFCS thiab TsN NFCS tau txiav txim siab ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas DVS TA TGA Q5000 SA. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, lub sijhawm khiav, qhov av noo (RH), thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv kuaj tiag tiag ntawm 25 ° C24 tau txais. Cov dej noo yog xam los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov hnyav NFRCS raug siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
MC yog NFRCS av noo. m1 - qhov hnyav qhuav ntawm NSAIDs. m2 yog qhov hnyav NFRCS tiag tiag ntawm qhov RH.
Tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw tau kwv yees siv kev sim nitrogen adsorption nrog cov kua nitrogen tom qab nchuav cov qauv ntawm 25 ° C rau 10 teev (< 7 × 10–3 Torr). Tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw tau kwv yees siv kev sim nitrogen adsorption nrog cov kua nitrogen tom qab nchuav cov qauv ntawm 25 ° C rau 10 teev (< 7 × 10–3 Torr). Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с помощью эксперимента по адсорбции азота жидким азовнотом посперимента при 25 °С в течение 10 ч (< 7 × 10–3 Торр). Tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw tau kwv yees siv kev sim nitrogen adsorption nrog cov kua nitrogen tom qab cov qauv tau nchuav tawm ntawm 25 ° C rau 10 teev (< 7 × 10–3 Torr).在25°C 清空样品10 小时（< 7 × 10-3 Torr）后，使用液氮的氮吸附实验估计总表面积.Nyob rau hauv 25 ° C Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с использованием экспериментов по адсорбции азота жидким азотрож по образцов в течение 10 часов при 25°C (< 7 × 10-3 торр). Tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw tau kwv yees siv kev sim nitrogen adsorption nrog cov kua nitrogen tom qab cov qauv tau nchuav rau 10 teev ntawm 25 ° C (< 7 x 10-3 torr).Tag nrho thaj chaw nto, qhov ntim ntawm qhov thiab qhov loj ntawm NFRCS tau txiav txim siab nrog Quantachrome los ntawm NOVA 1000e, Austria siv RS 232 software.
Npaj 5% RBCs (saline ua diluent) los ntawm cov ntshav tag nrho. Tom qab ntawd hloov ib qho aliquot ntawm HFFC (0.25 ml) mus rau hauv lub phaj 96-qhov thiab 5% RBC pawg (0.1 ml). Incubate qhov sib tov ntawm 37°C rau 40 feeb. Ib qho sib tov ntawm cov qe ntshav liab thiab serum tau suav hais tias yog kev tswj hwm zoo, thiab ib qho sib tov ntawm saline thiab cov qe ntshav liab ua kev tswj hwm tsis zoo. Hemagglutination tau txiav txim siab raws li Stajitzky nplai. Cov nplai tau thov yog raws li nram no: + + + + cov pob zeb granular ntom ntom; + + + cov ntaub hauv qab du nrog cov npoo nkhaus; + + cov ntaub hauv qab du nrog cov npoo torn; + cov nplhaib liab nqaim nyob ib ncig ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov ntaub du; - (tsis zoo) lub pob liab cais 12 hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov qis.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntshav ntawm NFRCS tau kawm raws li txoj kev ntawm Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Txheem (ISO) (ISO10993-4, 1999)26,27. Txoj kev gravimetric uas Singh et al piav qhia. Kev hloov kho me me tau ua los ntsuas qhov tsim thrombus nyob rau hauv qhov muaj lossis ntawm qhov chaw ntawm NFRCS. 500 mg ntawm Cs, Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS tau incubated hauv phosphate buffered saline (PBS) rau 24 teev ntawm 37°C. Tom qab 24 teev, PBS tau raug tshem tawm thiab NFRCS tau kho nrog 2 ml ntawm cov ntshav uas muaj 3.8% sodium citrate. Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm NFRCS, ntxiv 0.04 ml ntawm 0.1 M CaCl2 rau cov qauv incubated. Tom qab 45 feeb, ntxiv 5 ml ntawm dej distilled kom tsis txhob coagulation. Cov ntshav coagulated ntawm qhov chaw ntawm NFRK tau kho nrog 36-38% formaldehyde kua. Cov clots kho nrog formaldehyde tau qhuav thiab hnyav. Qhov feem pua ​​ntawm thrombosis tau kwv yees los ntawm kev xam qhov hnyav ntawm lub khob tsis muaj ntshav thiab qauv (kev tswj tsis zoo) thiab lub khob nrog ntshav (kev tswj zoo).
Ua ib qho kev lees paub thawj zaug, cov qauv tau pom hauv qab lub tshuab tsom iav kom nkag siab txog lub peev xwm ntawm HFFC txheej txheej, Ct sib txuas, thiab Ct network los tsim cov qhov hws. Cov ntu nyias nyias ntawm Ch thiab Cp los ntawm NFRCS tau txiav nrog rab riam phais. Cov ntu tau muab tso rau ntawm daim iav swb, npog nrog daim npog, thiab cov npoo tau kho nrog kua nplaum. Cov slides npaj tau pom hauv qab lub tshuab tsom iav thiab cov duab tau thaij ntawm ntau qhov loj me sib txawv.
Kev tso cov polymer hauv Ct networks tau pom los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab fluorescence microscopy raws li txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Rice et al.29. Cov khoom sib xyaw HFFC siv rau cov qauv tau sib xyaw nrog cov xim fluorescent (amaranth), thiab NFRCS (Ch & Cp) tau npaj raws li txoj kev tau hais ua ntej. Cov khoom sib xyaw HFFC siv rau cov qauv tau sib xyaw nrog cov xim fluorescent (amaranth), thiab NFRCS (Ch & Cp) tau npaj raws li txoj kev tau hais ua ntej.Cov khoom sib xyaw HFFC siv rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tau sib xyaw nrog cov xim fluorescent (amaranth) thiab NFRCS (Ch thiab Cp) tau txais raws li txoj kev tau hais ua ntej.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制制备 & NCS.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制制备 & NCS.Cov khoom sib xyaw HFFC siv rau hauv cov qauv tau sib xyaw nrog cov xim fluorescent (Amaranth) thiab tau txais NFRCS (Ch thiab Cp), raws li tau hais ua ntej.Cov ntu nyias nyias ntawm NFRK raug txiav los ntawm cov qauv tau txais, muab tso rau ntawm cov iav slides, thiab npog nrog cov ntawv npog. Saib cov slides uas tau npaj tseg hauv qab lub tshuab microscope fluorescent siv lub lim ntsuab (310-380 nm). Cov duab tau raug thaij ntawm 4x magnification kom nkag siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm Ct thiab cov polymer deposition ntau dhau hauv Ct network.
Daim duab ntawm NFRCS Ch thiab Cp tau txiav txim siab siv lub tshuab tsom iav atomic force (AFM) nrog lub cantilever TESP ntse heev hauv hom tapping: 42 N/m, 320 kHz, ROC 2-5 nm, Bruker, Taiwan. Qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov hauv paus nruab nrab square (RMS) siv software (Scanning Probe Image Processor). Ntau qhov chaw NFRCS tau muab tso rau ntawm cov duab 3D los xyuas seb qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov kev hloov pauv tus qauv ntawm qhov qhab nia rau ib cheeb tsam tau txhais tias yog qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw. Tus qauv RMS tau siv los ntsuas qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw ntawm NFRCS31.
Cov kev tshawb fawb raws li FESEM tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv FESEM, SU8000, HI-0876-0003, Hitachi, Tokyo, kom nkag siab txog qhov morphology ntawm Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS, uas qhia tau tias BCT zoo dua li Cm NFRCS. Kev tshawb fawb FESEM tau ua raws li txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Zhao et al. 32 nrog kev hloov kho me me. NFRCS 20 txog 30 mg Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS tau sib xyaw ua ntej nrog 20 µl ntawm 3.8% sodium citrate sib xyaw ua ntej nrog cov ntshav nas. 20 μl ntawm 0.2 M CaCl2 tau ntxiv rau cov qauv kho ntshav kom pib coagulation thiab cov qauv tau incubated ntawm chav tsev kub rau 10 feeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov erythrocytes ntau dhau tau raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw NFRCS los ntawm kev yaug nrog saline.
Cov qauv tom qab ntawd tau kho nrog 0.1% glutaraldehyde thiab tom qab ntawd ziab hauv qhov cub cua kub ntawm 37 ° C kom tshem tawm cov dej noo. Cov qauv qhuav tau coated thiab tshuaj xyuas 32. Lwm cov duab tau txais thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas yog cov ntshav txhaws ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov paj rwb ib leeg, polymer deposition ntawm Ct, erythrocyte morphology (puab), clot integrity, thiab erythrocyte morphology nyob rau hauv qhov muaj NFRCS. Cov cheeb tsam NFRCS tsis kho thiab Ch thiab Cp kho NFRCS thaj chaw incubated nrog cov ntshav tau scanned rau elemental ions (sodium, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc, tooj liab thiab selenium)33. Piv cov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm cov qauv kho thiab tsis kho kom nkag siab txog elemental ion accumulation thaum lub sijhawm tsim clotting thiab clot homogeneity.
Qhov tuab ntawm Cp HFFC txheej saum npoo ntawm Ct nto tau txiav txim siab siv FESEM. Cov seem ntawm Cp NFRCS tau txiav los ntawm lub thav duab thiab txau cov tshuaj tsuag. Cov qauv txau cov tshuaj tsuag tau pom los ntawm FESEM thiab qhov tuab ntawm txheej saum npoo tau ntsuas 34, 35, 36.
X-ray micro-CT muab cov duab 3D uas tsis ua rau puas tsuaj thiab tso cai rau koj kawm txog kev teeb tsa sab hauv ntawm NFRK. Micro-CT siv lub teeb X-ray hla dhau cov qauv los sau cov coefficient linear attenuation ntawm cov X-rays hauv cov qauv, uas pab kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv morphological. Qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm Ct hauv Cp NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS kho ntshav tau raug kuaj xyuas los ntawm micro-CT kom nkag siab txog kev nqus tau zoo thiab ntshav txhaws thaum muaj NFRCS37,38,39. Cov qauv 3D ntawm cov qauv Cp NFRCS kho ntshav thiab tsis kho ntshav tau raug tsim kho dua tshiab siv micro-CT (V|tome|x S240, Phoenix, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees). Siv VG STUDIO-MAX software version 2.2, ntau cov duab X-ray tau raug coj los ntawm ntau lub kaum sib txawv (qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog 360° kev npog) los tsim cov duab 3D rau NFRCS. Cov ntaub ntawv projection tau raug tsim kho dua tshiab rau hauv cov duab 3D volumetric siv cov software 3D ScanIP Academic yooj yim sib xws.
Ntxiv rau, txhawm rau nkag siab txog kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntshav txhaws, 20 µl ntawm cov ntshav citrated ua ntej thiab 20 µl ntawm 0.2 M CaCl2 tau ntxiv rau hauv NFRCS kom pib cov ntshav txhaws. Cov qauv uas tau npaj tseg lawm tau tso kom tawv. Qhov chaw NFRK tau kho nrog 0.5% glutaraldehyde thiab ziab hauv qhov cub cua kub ntawm 30-40 ° C rau 30 feeb. Cov ntshav txhaws uas tsim los ntawm NFRCS tau raug luam theej duab, rov tsim dua, thiab daim duab 3D ntawm cov ntshav txhaws tau pom.
Kev ntsuam xyuas kab mob tau ua rau Cp NFRCS (zoo tshaj piv rau Ch NFRCS) siv txoj kev piav qhia ua ntej nrog kev hloov kho me me. Kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob ntawm Cp NFRCS thiab Cp HFFC tau txiav txim siab siv peb hom kab mob sib txawv [S.aureus (cov kab mob gram-positive), E.coli (cov kab mob gram-negative) thiab Candida dawb (C.albicans)] loj hlob ntawm agar hauv Petri dishes hauv lub incubator. Muab 50 ml ntawm cov kab mob bacterial culture suspension diluted ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 105-106 CFU ml-1 rau ntawm agar medium. Ncuav cov kab mob rau hauv Petri dish thiab cia nws khov. Cov qhov dej tau ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub phaj agar kom puv nrog HFFC (3 qhov dej rau HFFC thiab 1 rau kev tswj tsis zoo). Ntxiv 200 µl HFFC rau 3 qhov dej thiab 200 µl pH 7.4 PBS rau qhov dej thib 4. Nyob rau sab tod ntawm lub tais petri, muab ib lub disk Cp NFRCS 12 hli rau ntawm lub agar khov thiab ntub nrog PBS (pH 7.4). Cov ntsiav tshuaj Ciprofloxacin, ampicillin thiab fluconazole yog suav tias yog cov qauv siv rau Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli thiab Candida albicans. Ntsuas thaj chaw ntawm kev txwv tes thiab thaij duab digital ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev txwv.
Tom qab kev pom zoo los ntawm lub koom haum kev coj ncaj ncees, txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau ua nyob rau ntawm Kasturba Medical College of Education and Research hauv Manipal, Karnataka, nyob rau sab qab teb Is Nrias teb. Cov txheej txheem sim TEG hauv vitro tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Coj Ncaj Ncees ntawm Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020). Cov neeg mob tau raug xaiv los ntawm cov neeg pub ntshav dawb (hnub nyoog 18 txog 55) los ntawm lub tsev txhab ntshav hauv tsev kho mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv tso cai tau txais los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb rau kev sau cov qauv ntshav. Native TEG (N-TEG) ​​​​tau siv los kawm txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Cp HFFC formulation ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav uas tau sib xyaw nrog sodium citrate. N-TEG tau lees paub dav dav rau nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kho mob rov qab, uas tsim teeb meem rau cov kws kho mob vim muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev ncua sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob (kev kuaj ntshav coagulation niaj hnub). Kev tshuaj xyuas N-TEG tau ua tiav siv cov ntshav tag nrho. Kev pom zoo thiab keeb kwm kho mob ntxaws ntxaws tau txais los ntawm txhua tus neeg koom nrog. Txoj kev tshawb fawb no tsis suav nrog cov neeg koom nrog uas muaj teeb meem hemostatic lossis thrombotic xws li cev xeeb tub/tom qab yug menyuam lossis kab mob siab. Cov neeg uas noj tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau qhov coagulation cascade kuj raug tshem tawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb. Kev kuaj mob hauv chaw kuaj mob yooj yim (hemoglobin, prothrombin lub sijhawm, activated thromboplastin thiab platelet suav) tau ua rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog raws li cov txheej txheem txheem. N-TEG txiav txim siab qhov viscoelasticity ntawm cov ntshav txhaws, cov qauv pib txhaws, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom me me, kev ua kom cov ntshav txhaws muaj zog, thiab kev sib cais cov ntshav txhaws. Kev tshuaj xyuas N-TEG muab cov ntaub ntawv duab thiab lej ntawm cov teebmeem sib sau ua ke ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus cellular thiab plasma. Kev tshuaj xyuas N-TEG tau ua rau ob qhov sib txawv ntawm Cp HFFC (10 µl thiab 50 µl). Yog li ntawd, 1 ml ntawm cov ntshav tag nrho nrog citric acid tau ntxiv rau 10 μl ntawm Cp HFFC. Ntxiv 1 ml (Cp HFFC + citrated ntshav), 340 µl cov ntshav sib xyaw rau 20 µl 0.2 M CaCl2 uas muaj TEG tais. Tom qab ntawd, cov tais diav TEG tau muab tso rau hauv TEG® 5000, US los ntsuas R, K, alpha angle, MA, G, CI, TPI, EPL, LY 30% ntawm cov qauv ntshav nyob rau hauv qhov muaj Cp HFFC41.
Cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv vivo tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Tsiaj (IAEC), Kasturba Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kho Mob, Manipal Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020). Txhua qhov kev sim tsiaj tau ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tswj Xyuas thiab Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Sim Tsiaj (CPCSEA). Txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb NFRCS hauv vivo (2 × 2 cm2) tau ua rau cov nas Wistar poj niam (hnyav 200 txog 250 g). Txhua tus tsiaj tau hloov kho rau qhov kub ntawm 24-26 ° C, cov tsiaj tau txais kev nkag mus rau cov zaub mov thiab dej dawb ad libitum. Txhua tus tsiaj tau muab faib ua pawg sib txawv, txhua pawg muaj peb tus tsiaj. Txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua raws li Kev Kawm Tsiaj: Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Sim Hauv Vivo 43. Ua ntej txoj kev tshawb fawb, cov tsiaj tau raug tshuaj loog los ntawm kev siv tshuaj loog hauv plab (ip) ntawm 20-50 mg ntawm ketamine (ib 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev) thiab 2-10 mg ntawm xylazine (ib 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev). Tom qab txoj kev tshawb fawb, qhov ntim ntawm cov ntshav tau suav los ntawm kev soj ntsuam qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav pib thiab qhov hnyav kawg ntawm cov qauv, tus nqi nruab nrab tau los ntawm peb qhov kev xeem tau coj los ua qhov ntim ntawm cov ntshav.
Tus qauv txiav tus nas tus tw tau siv los nkag siab txog lub peev xwm ntawm NFRCS los hloov kho qhov los ntshav hauv kev raug mob, kev sib ntaus sib tua, lossis kev sib tsoo tsheb (qauv raug mob). Txiav 50% ntawm tus tw nrog rab riam phais thiab muab tso rau hauv huab cua rau 15 vib nas this kom ntseeg tau tias los ntshav ib txwm muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv kuaj tau muab tso rau ntawm tus nas tus tw los ntawm kev siv lub zog (Ct, Cs, Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS). Kev los ntshav thiab PCT tau tshaj tawm rau cov qauv kuaj (n ​​= 3)17,45.
Kev siv zog ntawm NFRCS tswj lub siab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshawb nrhiav ntawm tus qauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha femoral superficial. Cov hlab ntsha femoral raug nthuav tawm, tho nrog 24G trocar, thiab ntshav hauv 15 vib nas this. Tom qab pom kev los ntshav tsis tswj tau, cov qauv kuaj raug muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tho nrog kev siv siab. Tam sim ntawd tom qab siv cov qauv kuaj, lub sijhawm coagulation tau sau tseg thiab kev ua haujlwm hemostatic tau pom rau 5 feeb tom ntej. Cov txheej txheem tib yam tau rov ua dua nrog Cs thiab Ct46.
Dowling et al. 47 tau tawm tswv yim txog tus qauv raug mob siab los ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm hemostatic ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hemostatic hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev los ntshav hauv kev phais. BCT tau sau tseg rau Ct qauv (kev tswj tsis zoo), Cs framework (kev tswj zoo), Ch NFRCS qauv, thiab Cp NFRCS qauv. Lub suprahepatic vena cava ntawm tus nas tau raug nthuav tawm los ntawm kev ua qhov median laparotomy. Tom qab ntawd, qhov distal ntawm sab laug lobe tau txiav tawm nrog txiab. Ua ib qho kev phais hauv daim siab nrog rab riam phais thiab cia nws los ntshav rau ob peb feeb. Cov qauv xeem Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS uas hnyav raug tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw puas tsuaj yam tsis muaj qhov siab zoo thiab BCT tau sau tseg. Pawg tswj (Ct) tom qab ntawd siv qhov siab ua raws li Cs 30 s47 yam tsis rhuav qhov raug mob.
Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov txhab kho mob hauv vivo tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv tus qauv qhov txhab excisional los ntsuas cov khoom kho qhov txhab ntawm cov polymer-based NFRCSs. Cov qauv ntawm cov qhov txhab excisional tau xaiv thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem luam tawm ua ntej nrog kev hloov kho me me 19,32,48. Tag nrho cov tsiaj tau raug tshuaj loog raws li tau piav qhia ua ntej. Siv lub tshuab biopsy punch (12 hli) los ua qhov txiav tob hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm nraub qaum. Cov chaw qhov txhab uas tau npaj tseg tau hnav khaub ncaws nrog Cs (kev tswj zoo), Ct (paub tias cov ntaub paj rwb cuam tshuam rau kev kho), Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS (pab pawg sim) thiab kev tswj tsis zoo yam tsis muaj kev kho mob. Txhua hnub ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thaj chaw ntawm qhov txhab tau ntsuas hauv txhua tus nas. Siv lub koob yees duab digital los thaij duab ntawm thaj chaw qhov txhab thiab muab tso rau ntawm daim ntaub qhwv tshiab. Feem pua ​​ntawm qhov txhab kaw tau ntsuas los ntawm cov mis hauv qab no:
Raws li feem pua ​​ntawm qhov txhab kaw rau hnub 12 ntawm kev tshawb fawb, daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nas ntawm pawg zoo tshaj plaws tau raug txiav tawm ((Cp NFRCS) thiab pawg tswj) thiab kawm los ntawm H&E staining thiab Masson's trichrome staining. Raws li feem pua ​​ntawm qhov txhab kaw rau hnub 12 ntawm kev tshawb fawb, daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nas ntawm pawg zoo tshaj plaws tau raug txiav tawm ((Cp NFRCS) thiab pawg tswj) thiab kawm los ntawm H&E staining thiab Masson's trichrome staining.Raws li feem pua ​​ntawm qhov txhab kaw rau hnub 12 ntawm kev tshawb fawb, daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nas ntawm pawg zoo tshaj plaws ((Cp NFRCS) thiab pawg tswj) tau raug txiav tawm thiab kuaj xyuas los ntawm kev pleev xim nrog hematoxylin-eosin thiab Masson's trichrome.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠皮肤，进行H&E染色和Masson三色染色研究。根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组）的大韠皮肤，H&E组茓)Cov nas nyob rau hauv pawg zoo tshaj plaws ((Cp NFRCS) thiab pawg tswj) tau raug txiav tawm rau kev pleev xim hematoxylin-eosin thiab kev pleev xim Masson's trichrome raws li feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm qhov txhab kaw rau hnub 12 ntawm kev tshawb fawb.Cov txheej txheem staining tau ua tiav raws li cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia ua ntej 49,50. Luv luv, tom qab kho hauv 10% formalin, cov qauv tau qhuav dej siv cov cawv qib siab. Siv microtome kom tau txais cov ntu nyias (5 µm tuab) ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg raug tshem tawm. Cov ntu nyias ntawm cov kev tswj thiab Cp NFRCS tau kho nrog hematoxylin thiab eosin los kawm txog kev hloov pauv histopathological. Masson's trichrome stain tau siv los ntes cov qauv ntawm collagen fibrils. Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais tau kawm los ntawm cov kws kho mob dig muag.
Kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv Cp NFRCS tau kawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav tsev (25°C ± 2°C/60% RH ± 5%) rau 12 lub hlis51. Cp NFRCS (kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me) tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab sim rau kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab BCT raws li cov txheej txheem saum toj no tau teev tseg hauv ntu Cov Khoom Siv thiab Cov Txheej Txheem.
Qhov kev nthuav dav thiab kev rov ua dua ntawm Cp NFRCS tau raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kev npaj Cp NFRCS nrog qhov loj me ntawm 15 × 15 cm2. Tsis tas li ntawd, 30 mg cov qauv (n = 5) tau raug rho tawm ntawm ntau yam Cp NFRCS feem thiab BCT ntawm cov qauv kawm tau raug soj ntsuam raws li tau piav qhia ua ntej hauv ntu Txoj Kev.
Peb tau sim tsim ntau yam duab thiab cov qauv siv Cp NFRCS cov khoom sib xyaw rau ntau yam kev siv biomedical. Cov duab lossis kev teeb tsa no suav nrog cov swabs conical rau cov ntshav ntswg, cov txheej txheem kho hniav, thiab cov swabs cylindrical rau cov ntshav qhov chaw mos.
Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv teev cia yog qhia ua qhov nruab nrab ± tus qauv sib txawv thiab tau soj ntsuam los ntawm ANOVA siv Prism 5.03 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA) ua raws li Bonferroni qhov kev sib piv ntau yam (*p <0.05).
Txhua txoj kev ua hauv kev tshawb fawb tib neeg yog ua raws li cov qauv ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv thiab Pawg Neeg Tshawb Fawb Hauv Tebchaws, nrog rau Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm ntawm Helsinki 1964 thiab nws cov kev hloov kho tom qab, lossis cov qauv kev coj ncaj ncees zoo sib xws. Txhua tus neeg koom nrog tau raug qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab nws qhov xwm txheej yeem. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg koom nrog tseem zais cia thaum sau tau. Cov txheej txheem sim TEG hauv vitro tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020). Cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tau kos npe rau kev pom zoo kom sau cov qauv ntshav.
Txhua txoj kev ua hauv kev tshawb fawb txog tsiaj txhu tau ua raws li Kastuba Faculty of Medicine, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020). Txhua qhov kev sim tsiaj txhu uas tsim los tau ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tswj Xyuas thiab Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Sim Tsiaj txhu (CPCSEA). Txhua tus kws sau ntawv ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm ARRIVE.
Cov FTIR spectra ntawm tag nrho cov NFRCS tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab piv nrog cov chitosan spectrum uas tau pom hauv Daim Duab 2A. Cov yam ntxwv spectral peaks ntawm chitosan (kaw tseg) ntawm 3437 cm-1 (OH thiab NH stretching, overlap), 2945 thiab 2897 cm-1 (CH stretching), 1660 cm-1 (NH2 strain), 1589 cm-1 (N-H bending), 1157 cm-1 (choj stretch O-), 1067 cm-1 (stretch C-O, secondary hydroxyl), 993 cm-1 (stretch CO, Bo-OH) 52.53.54. Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv S1 qhia txog FTIR NFRCS absorption spectrum values ​​rau chitosan (reporter), pure chitosan, Cm, Ch, thiab Cp. Cov FTIR spectra ntawm txhua NFRCS (Cm, Ch thiab Cp) tau qhia tib yam ntxwv absorption bands li ntshiab chitosan yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb (Daim Duab 2A). Cov txiaj ntsig FTIR tau lees paub tias tsis muaj kev sib cuam tshuam tshuaj lom neeg lossis lub cev ntawm cov polymers siv los tsim NFRCS, qhia tias cov polymers siv yog inert.
Kev piav qhia hauv vitro ntawm Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS thiab Cs. (A) sawv cev rau cov FTIR spectra ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm chitosan thiab Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS nyob rau hauv kev nias. (B) a) Tag nrho cov ntshav nqus ntawm NFRCS Cm, Ch, Cp, thiab Cg (n = 3); Cov qauv Ct tau qhia BAR siab dua vim tias lub paj rwb swab muaj kev nqus zoo dua; b) Ntshav tom qab nqus ntshav Duab ntawm cov qauv nqus. Cov duab sawv cev ntawm BCT ntawm cov qauv xeem C (Cp NFRCS muaj BCT zoo tshaj plaws (15 s, n = 3)). Cov ntaub ntawv hauv C, D, E, thiab G tau pom tias yog qhov nruab nrab ± SD, thiab cov kab yuam kev sawv cev rau SD, ***p < 0.0001. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv C, D, E, thiab G tau pom tias yog qhov nruab nrab ± SD, thiab cov kab yuam kev sawv cev rau SD, ***p < 0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G представлены как среднее ± стандартное отклонение, а планки погрешностей предатата отклонение, ***p <0,0001. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv C, D, E, thiab G raug nthuav tawm ua qhov nruab nrab ± tus qauv sib txawv, thiab cov kab yuam kev sawv cev rau tus qauv sib txawv, ***p <0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G показаны как среднее значение ± стандартное отклонение, планки погрешностей пртледст отклонение, ***p <0,0001. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv C, D, E, thiab G tau qhia ua qhov nruab nrab ± tus qauv sib txawv, cov kab yuam kev sawv cev rau tus qauv sib txawv, ***p <0.0001.