Kua monokia te Javascript i roto i tō pūtirotiro i tēnei wā. Kāore ētahi āhuatanga o tēnei paetukutuku e mahi mēnā ka monokia te JavaScript.
Rēhita mai me ō taipitopito me te rongoā e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka honoa e mātou ngā mōhiohio e homai ana e koe ki ngā tuhinga kei roto i tā mātou putunga raraunga whānui, ka ī-mēra atu hoki he kape PDF ki a koe i taua wā tonu.
Himamoni Deka, 1 Putul Mahanta, 2 Sultana Jesmin Ahmed, 3 Madhab Ch Rajbangshi, 4 Ranjumoni Konwar, 5 Bharati Basumatari51 Department of Anatomy, Guwahati Medical College, Assam, India, 2 Dib, Assam, India Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Assam Medical College , Rugar; 3 Te Tari mo te rongoa a te iwi, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India; 4 Tezpur College of Medicine and Hospital Surgery, Tezpur, Assam, India; 5 Department of Radiology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital, Barpeta, Assam, India Kaituhi rite: Putul Mahanta, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India, tel. +919435017802, imeera [email protected] arai arai. Ko nga ahuatanga ira me te taiao e whai hua ana ki te piki ake o te mate huango. Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga pāpori-taupori me te taiao e pā ana ki te pūtake o te mate huango o ngā tamariki i roto i ngā tūroro e haere mai ana ki te tari tamariki o te Kareti Hauora me te Hōhipera o Gauhati (GMCH) i Assam. Ngā rauemi me ngā tikanga. I tīpakohia he 150 ngā tūroro katoa he mate huango kua tautuhia ki te haumanu i roto i te ōwehenga 1:1 i waenga i ngā kēhi 3-12 tau te pakeke me ngā tūroro o te rōpū tau kotahi kāore he mate manawa me te hītori o te mate huango hei mana whakahaere. I kohia ngā raraunga mā te whakamahi i tētahi whakatakotoranga kua hoahoatia me te whakamātautauhia i mua, ā, i whiwhi whakaaetanga tuhituhi mai i ngā kaitiaki ture katoa o ngā kaiuru. I tātarihia ngā raraunga mā te whakamātautau chi-square me te whakatauira logistic rua mā te whakamahi i te SPSS V20 i whakatikatikaina mō ngā uara-p. Ngā hua: I kitea he nui ake te mōrearea o ngā tamariki tāne me ngā tamariki tāne o te tāone ki te whakawhanake i te mate huango. Ngā tamariki i ngā tāone nui (OR = 4, 53; 95% CI: 1.57-13.09; ppppppp Ngā Whakatau: He ngāwari te pāngia o ngā tamariki e te mate huango i puta mai i te taiao. Me whakatūpato me te ārai i ngā mate huango hei whakahaere me te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mate huango i roto i ngā tamariki. Ngā Kupu Matua: mate huango, ngā āhuatanga taiao, ngā tamariki, ngā mate pāwera, te mate huango atopic.
Ko te mate huango he mate pūkahukahu mau tonu e tohuhia ana e te aukati ara manawa ka taea te huri, nā te mumura o ngā ara manawa i roto i ngā pūkahukahu me te taumahatanga o ngā uaua e karapoti ana. Ko ngā aratohu hou mai i te Global Initiative on Asthma (GINA) e whakamārama ana i te mate huango he "mate rerekē e tohuhia ana e te mumura mau tonu o ngā ara manawa". Ko ngā tohu manawa pēnei i te wheezing, te poto o te manawa, te kikī o te uma me te maremare, me te whakawhāititanga o te rere o te manawa, he tohu ēnei o te mate huango. kotahi
Mō te hunga mate huango, ka puta pea ngā tohu kino nā te maha o ngā mea e whakaoho ana i te mate, pērā i te hikareti me ētahi atu momo momi hikareti, te pokepokea ai, te hae, te puehu, te kiri kararehe, te whakakori tinana, te hau makariri, ngā hua o te whare me te ahumahi, te parahanga o te hau, me ngā mate pāwera. 2 Ko te huinga o ngā āhuatanga ira me te taiao te take i nui ake ai te mate huango i roto i ētahi hapori. He maha ngā wā, ka taea e ēnei atu āhuatanga te whai wāhi ki ngā rerekētanga, ko te iwi, ko te iwi taketake rānei ngā āhuatanga e ngāwari ake te tautuhi i waenga i ngā rōpū rerekē o te tangata. 3
He mate haumanu te tautuhi i te mate huango nā te mea kāore he whakamāramatanga paerewa mō te momo, te kaha, te auau rānei o ngā tohu. He mate noa te mate huango pūkahukahu e taumaha ana ki te mahi hauora whānui me te noho hōhipera.4 Ahakoa he maha ngā āhuatanga ōrite o te tautuhi i te mate huango i roto i ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke, ko te tautuhi rerekētanga, te āhua tūturu o te wheezing, te kaha ki te whakarato maimoatanga motuhake, me tōna uara tautuhi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tau.
Neke atu i te 300 miriona tāngata e pāngia ana e te mate huango puta noa i te ao. Mō ngā tamariki, ko te mate huango tētahi o ngā mate pūmau e 20 o runga rawa atu i roto i ngā tau oranga kua whakatikatikaina e te hauātanga o te ao, me te reiti mate o te 0.0-0.7 mō ia 100,000.5 tāngata. Kua pūrongohia te horapa o te mate huango i Inia mai i te 2% ki te 23%, nā te rerekētanga nui o te whenua me te taiao o te whenua.6 I roto i tētahi rangahau tata nei, i kitea ko tēnei whika he 10.4% i Assam.7
Ka puta ngā tohu manawa e pā mai ana i te mate huango i roto i ngā tamariki pērā i te wheezing, te maremare, te uaua o te manawa, me te kikī o te uma, ā, ki te kore e rongoatia tika, ka arahi pea ki te mate huango mau tonu. Ka taea e te mate huango o te tamarikitanga te whakararu i te kounga o te oranga o ngā tamariki mā te whakanui ake i te ngaro mahi me te whakaiti i te whai wāhi kaha ki te mahi.
Ahakoa te mōhiotanga matatau me ngā rautaki maimoatanga, kua tino piki ake te maha, te mate me te matenga o te mate huango i roto i ngā tamariki i ngā tau tata nei8,9, ā, me mārama ake ki te pathogenesis o te mate huango kia pai ai te rongoā i te mate huango. Ahakoa he nui ngā rangahau e mahia ana i ngā wāhi rerekē o Īnia, he iti noa iho ngā mahi kua mahia i tēnei rohe kāore i te tino whanake o te raki-mā-rāwhiti o Īnia.
I whakahaerehia tēnei rangahau i te kawanatanga o Assam, i te taha raki-mā-rāwhiti o Īnia. He maha ngā iwi o te taupori o Assam, ā, 12.45% o rātou nō ngā hapori iwi pēnei i a Bodo, Khachari, Karbi, Miri, Mishimi, Rabah, me ētahi atu. He marara ngā wāhi taiwhenua puta noa i te nuinga o te rohe. E mōhiotia ana te kawanatanga mō tōna kanorau koiora. Neke atu i te kotahi-hautoru o ngā moni whiwhi a Assam te ahuwhenua, te raihi, te tī me ngā pīni, ā, e 69 ōrau o te hunga mahi e mahi ana. E 50% o te tī o Īnia e whakaputa ana i te kawanatanga. Ko ētahi atu umanga ahuwhenua whai hua ko te pāmu poaka, te pāmu miraka kau me te hī ika me te whai wāhi mai o te taupori taiwhenua. Ko te ahuwhenua, te tī, te hinu me te hau, te waro me te kōhatu kōhatu ngā ahumahi matua. Ko te nui o ngā rerekētanga iwi me te whenua i roto i te kawanatanga nā te rerekētanga o ngā whanaketanga me te pathogenesis o te mate.
Ko GMCH te pokapū tuku tuatoru matua i te rohe, e rongoā ana i ngā tūroro mai i te raki-mā-rāwhiti katoa o Īnia, tae atu ki ngā taupori taiwhenua me ngā taupori tāone nui. He iti te tūnga ōhanga-ōhanga o te nuinga o ngā tūroro, ā, he iti hoki te taumata mātauranga. He raruraru noa te mate huango pūkahukahu i roto i ngā tamariki e noho ana i roto i te hōhipera tamariki.
Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga pāpori, taupori me te taiao e pā ana ki te pūtake o te mate huango o ngā tamariki i waenga i ngā tūroro 3-12 tau te pakeke e haere ana ki te tākuta tamariki o GMCH.
Mai i Paenga-whāwhā 2013 ki Poutū-te-rangi 2017, i whakahaerehia he rangahau whakamuri mō ngā take-whakahaere i te Tari Anatomy i te taha o Pediatrics Assam GMCH hei rangahau i ngā āhuatanga pāpori-taupori me te taiao o te mate huango o ngā tamariki i waenga i te 3-12 tau te pakeke.
I roto i tētahi rangahau take-whakahaere kāore i kitea i mua, 150 ngā take me 150 ngā mana whakahaere i tīpakohia i roto i te ōwehenga 1:1 hei ako i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te mate huango o ngā tamariki. Ko ngā tūroro he mate huango kua tautuhia ā-hauora i waenga i te 3 ki te 12 tau te pakeke e haere mai ana ki ngā wāhi rongoā tamariki o waho, o roto hoki, i tīpakohia hei take, ko ngā mana whakahaere he tūroro o te rōpū tau kotahi, ko te mea pai ko te noho i roto i ngā āhuatanga ōrite kāore he raruraru manawa, he hītori mate me te mate huango.
I whakatauhia te rahi o te tauira mā te whakamahi i te WinPepi putanga 11.65. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga mai i te rangahau taketake ko te horapa o te mate huango i waenga i ngā tamariki Inia kei waenga i te 1% ki te 4%. Nō reira, ki te whakaaro he 1% te ōwehenga o ngā tamariki he mate huango, ā, he ōrite te rahi o ngā rōpū tūroro me ngā rōpū whakahaere, me 274 ngā tāngata katoa o te tauira e hiahiatia ana mō te rangahau kia eke ki te 80% te kaha ki te kite i te rerekētanga 4% i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua. . He 5% te taumata hiranga o ngā rōpū e rua.
Hei tāpiritanga, ki te whakaaro ko te 10% o te hunga kāore i whakautu mai i ahu mai i te ngaronga o te aro, i te kore rānei e piri ki te kaupapa, he mea tika kia tangohia he tauira o te 300 tāngata (150 ngā kēhi me te 150 ngā mana whakahaere).
Whakamahia ngā whakatakotoranga kohikohinga raraunga kua hoahoatia, kua whakamatautauria hoki. I whiwhi whakaaetanga ā-tuhi mai i ngā kaitiaki ture katoa o ngā kaiuru o te rangahau. I kohia ngā raraunga mō ngā taurangi pāpori-taupori me te taiao. Ko te momo whare e tautuhia ana ko
Whare Pucca, mēnā he pereki, he sima, he kōhatu ngā pakitara me te tuanui; he whare Katcha he rakau, he oneone, he kakau witi me ngā rau maroke mēnā he pakitara pereki te whare, ā, he pakitara adobe me te tuanui raupo, tine rānei me te raima. papa Mēnā kua oti, he whare Semi pucca tēnei. I aromatawaitia te tūnga pāpori ōhanga mā te whakamahi i te tauine Kuppuswami whakarerekētia (2014).
I tuhia hoki te momo whānau o ngā kaiuru, te hītori whānau o te korenga o te manawa, te momo whāngai, te hītori mate pāwera kai, te hītori o te whaea i te waranga, te hītori whānau o te mate huango, te hītori mate pāwera, me te hītori whānau o te momi hikareti, te momi hikareti tuarua rānei. I roto i te hītori whānau, ko ngā mema o te whānau e noho ana i te whare kotahi i kiia he kaipaipa. E ai ki ngā Aratohu Whakaahua Kaiuru o te Whakamātautau Epidemiological and Clinical Trial, i whakarōpūtia te kaha o te mate i runga i ngā mahi maimoatanga kua whakaritea, me te whakaaro ko ngā tūroro i tohua ki te wāhanga 2 he mate huango ngawari, me ngā tūroro i tohua ki te wāhanga 3-4 he mate huango ngawari, ā, i tohua ki te wāhanga-5 te maimoatanga o te mate huango kino.
Ngā paearu whakauru me te whakakore: E kī ana ngā tuhinga me whakauru ngā take tamariki ki te rangahau tae atu ki te 18 tau te pakeke. Heoi, i GMCH, ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki i tukuna mai kei raro iho i te 12 tau te pakeke. Hei tāpiri, ko te auau o te mate huango o te tamarikitanga i nui ake i te horapa o te mate i mua atu me muri i te pakeketanga. Nō reira, ko te rōpū tau mai i te 3 ki te 12 tau te pakeke i whiriwhiria mō te rangahau. I whakaurua ki te rangahau ngā tūroro he mate huango pūkahukahu kua tautuhia e te haumanu i waenga i te 3 ki te 12 tau te pakeke, ā, i whakaae rātou ki te whai wāhi ki te rangahau. Ko ngā tamariki 3 ki te 12 tau te pakeke i whakaae ki te whai wāhi ki te rangahau kāore he mate manawa, ko te mea pai ko te noho i roto i ngā āhuatanga ōrite, i whiriwhiria hei rōpū whakahaere.
I tangohia atu ngā tamariki 0-3 tau te pakeke mai i te rangahau nā te mea kāore i ranea te wheezing i roto i tēnei rōpū tau hei tautuhi i te mate huango. Hei tāpiri, i tangohia atu ngā tamariki o ngā rōpū tau tika me ō rātou kaitiaki kāore i whakaae ki te whai wāhi ki te rangahau.
Tātaritanga tatauranga. I tātarihia ngā rerekētanga o ngā ōwehenga mā te whakamahi i te whakamātautau χ2. I whakamahia te whakatauira logistic rua mō ngā tawhā hiranga i roto i te tātaritanga univariate, ā, i whakamahia te whakamātautau χ2 a Wald hei ine i te takoha motuhake o te maimoatanga.
Whakaaetanga Matatika: I mua i te kohinga raraunga, i whiwhi whakaaetanga matatika mai i nga Komiti Tikanga Tikanga o te Whare Wananga, ara ko nga Komiti Tikanga Tikanga o GMCH, Guwahati, Assam me Inia, Ref: No: 233/2018/215.
I roto i ngā tūroro 112,323 i tae atu ki te wāhanga tamariki i te wā o te rangahau, 18.88% he tūroro manawa. I roto i ngā tamariki i te rōpū tau 3-12, 2.96% i pāngia e te huango pūkahukahu. Ko te nuinga o ngā take huango o ngā tamariki i puta i te ngahuru o Hepetema me Oketopa (Pikitia 1).
I roto i tēnei rangahau whakahaere-take, i whakaurua he 150 ngā tamariki he mate huango, me te 150 ngā mana whakahaere. Ko te tau toharite (± SD) o ngā kaiuru o te rangahau he 8.38 (± 2.69) tau. Ko te mare me te poto o te manawa ngā tohu haumanu tino kitea i roto i ngā take. Ko te nuinga (77.3%) o ngā take he whakaekenga huango wā-poto, ā, ko te 8.7% anake o ngā take he mate huango kino. I kitea te horapa o ngā take i te ngahuru (30%). Tata ki te 38% o ngā take, i puta ngā tohu i te pō (Ripanga 1).
E ai ki ngā kaiwhakautu, ko ngā inu matao (82.7%), te aihikirīmi (71.6%) me te puehu (35%) ngā mea e whakaohooho ana i te mate huango. Tata ki te 19.3% o ngā keehi i kī mai nā te mate i kore ai rātou e haere ki te kura.
Ko te tau toharite (paerewa rerekētanga) o ngā kaiuru he 8.34 (2.69) tau. Ko te nuinga o ngā take i roto i te rōpū tau 7-12, ā, he tāne. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiuru o te rangahau he Hindu, ehara i te iwi.
He nui ake ngā reiti pāpātanga o ngā tamariki me ngā tāne 7-12 tau te pakeke, ahakoa kāore i te tino whai tikanga te hononga i roto i ngā tatauranga. I tua atu, he hononga nui te mate huango o te tamarikitanga ki te BMI (uara-p<0.05). I tua atu, he hononga nui te mate huango o te tamarikitanga ki te BMI (uara-p<0.05). Кроме того, детская астма была значительно связана с ИМТ (значение р<0,05). Hei tāpiritanga, he hononga nui te mate huango o te tamarikitanga ki te BMI (uara p<0.05).此外，儿童哮喘与BMI 显着相关（p 值<0.05）。此外，儿童哮喘与BMI 显着相关（p 值<0.05）。 Кроме того, детская астма была значительно связана с ИМТ (значение p <0,05). Hei tāpiritanga, he hononga nui te mate huango o te tamarikitanga ki te BMI (uara p <0.05).Neke atu i te rua te teitei o te tūponotanga o te taumaha rawa (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.17–4.18) me te momona rawa (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.46–5.09) ki te whakataurite ki ngā tamariki he taumaha noa. Ko ngā tamariki o te tāone e noho tahi ana i roto i ngā whānau, i ngā papa para, me ngā whare haukū, kāore i te pai te hauhautanga, he nui ake te tūponotanga ki te pāngia e te mate. I roto i ngā kīhini piri, ko ngā wahie whakaputa auahi ehara i te LPG, ngā ārai namu, te Dhuna, me ētahi atu, he hononga nui anō hoki ki te mate huango o ngā tamariki (uara-p<0.05). I roto i ngā kīhini piri, ko ngā wahie whakaputa auahi ehara i te LPG, ngā ārai namu, te Dhuna, me ētahi atu, he hononga nui anō hoki ki te mate huango o ngā tamariki (uara-p<0.05). В примыкающих кухнях использование значительно выделяющего дым топлива, кроме сжиженного нефтяного галот, реного галот Дхуна и т. д., также связано с детской астмой (значение p<0,05). I roto i ngā kīhini e tata ana, ko te whakamahinga o ngā wahie whakaputa paowa nui ehara i te LPG, ngā peia waeroa, te Dhuna, me ētahi atu, e hono ana hoki ki te mate huango o te tamaiti (uara p < 0.05).在附属厨房中，除LPG、驱蚊剂、Dhuna 等以外的产生烟雾的燃料也与儿童哮喘显着着‼<0.05）. Dhuna 等以外的产生与儿童哮喘显着相关（p 值<0.05）、 Дымообразующие виды топлива, кроме сжиженного нефтяного газа, средства от комаров, Dhuna и т. д., также были в значительной степени связаны с детской астмой на примыкающих кухнях (значение p <0,05). Ko ngā wahie whakaputa auahi i tua atu i te LPG, te ārai namu, te Dhuna, me ētahi atu, he hononga nui anō hoki ki te mate huango o ngā tamariki i roto i ngā kīhini tata (uara p <0.05).I kitea anō hoki ko ngā tamariki me ā rātou mōkai e 8 ngā wā ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia rātou e te mate huango (Ripanga 2).
E ai ki te Ripanga 3, 46.7% o ngā keehi nō ngā whānau he iti ake te tūnga ōhanga me te pāpori. He iti iho anō hoki te mātauranga o ngā māmā i roto i ngā kēhi (uara-p<0.05). He iti iho anō hoki te mātauranga o ngā māmā i roto i ngā kēhi (uara-p<0.05). Материнское образование также было ниже среди случаев (значение p<0,05). He iti iho anō hoki te mātauranga o ngā māmā i roto i ngā kēhi (uara p<0.05).病例中的母亲教育程度也较低（p 值<0.05）。病例中的母亲教育程度也较低（p 值<0.05）。 Матери в этих случаях также были менее образованными (значение p <0,05). Kāore anō hoki i te tino mātau ngā whaea i ēnei wā (uara p <0.05).
Ko ngā tamariki i whānau mā te pokanga tākihi (CS) me ētahi atu tikanga whānau, tae atu ki ngā tamariki kua whānau pōrearea i mua i te whānautanga, ka nui ake te mōrearea ki te pāngia e te mate. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā tamariki whāngai pēpi/whānau pēpi i roto i te whānautanga he tata ki te rima ngā wā ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia e te mate i ngā tamariki e whāngaihia ana ki te u (Ripanga 4).
Ko te hītori o te mate pāwera kai me te atopy o te tamarikitanga he mea nui te hononga ki te huango o te tamaiti. I tua atu, ko ngā tamariki nō ngā whānau he hītori mate pāwera me te huango (uara-p<0.05) he tino tūpono ki te pangia e te mate. I tua atu, ko ngā tamariki nō ngā whānau he hītori mate pāwera me te huango (uara-p<0.05) he tino tūpono ki te pangia e te mate. Также высокой склонностью к заболеванию отличались дети из семей с анамнезом аллергии и астмы (знач,05е p<0,05). I tua atu, he nui te tūponotanga o ngā tamariki nō ngā whānau he mate pāwera me te huango tō rātou ki te pāngia e te mate (p<0.05).此外，来自有过敏和哮喘病史的家庭（p 值<0.05）的儿童极易患病。此外，来自有过敏和哮喘病史的家庭（p 值<0.05）的儿童极易患病。 Кроме того, дети из семей с аллергией и астмой в анамнезе (р-значение <0,05) были высоко восприимчивы. Hei tāpiri, he tino pāngia ngā tamariki nō ngā whānau he mate pāwera me te huango tō rātou hītori (uara-p <0.05). I piki ake hoki te mōrearea o te mate huango i roto i ngā tamariki e te momi hikareti kore mahi mā roto i ētahi atu mema o te whānau tata ki te waru ngā wā (uara-p<0.05). I piki ake hoki te mōrearea o te mate huango i roto i ngā tamariki e te momi hikareti kore mahi mā roto i ētahi atu mema o te whānau tata ki te waru ngā wā (uara-p<0.05). Пассивное курение через других членов семьи также увеличивает риск развития астмы у детей почти в восемь, 0ни (). Mā te momi hikareti kore mahi mā roto i ētahi atu mema o te whānau ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate huango i roto i ngā tamariki e tata ana ki te waru ngā wā (uara p <0.05).通过其他家庭成员被动吸烟也使儿童患哮喘的风险增加了近8 倍（p 伉<0.05）。通过其他家庭成员被动吸烟也使儿童患哮喘的风险增加了近8 Пассивное курение через других членов семьи также увеличивало риск развития астмы у детей почти в 8 раз (p-зна,05). Nā te momi hikareti kore mahi a ētahi atu mema o te whānau i piki ake te mōrearea o te mate huango i roto i ngā tamariki tata ki te 8 ngā wā (uara-p <0.05).(tēpu 5)
I whakaatuhia e te whakatauranga taunga rua maha he nui ngā pānga o ngā tamariki i ngā tāone nui, ngā taiao haumākū, te tūnga ōhanga iti iho, ngā mōkai, te hītori whānau o te mate atopy/mate pāwera, te hītori whānau o te momi hikareti/momi hikareti kore mahi, me ngā kai whakaranu. Ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō te mate huango o te tamarikitanga (Ripanga 6).
Ripanga 6 Tātaritanga whakatauranga logistic maha-taurangi hei aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga nui e pā ana ki te mate huango o te tamarikitanga
I roto i ngā tekau tau e rua ki te toru kua pahure ake nei, kua piki ake te maha o ngā mate huango, ā, kua nui te kōrero mō ngā huringa taiao, te parahanga, me ngā urupare ārai mate ki ngā mate pāwera. He pānga nui tō te pānga ki te taiao me ngā ngoikoretanga koiora me ngā ngoikoretanga ira ki te whanaketanga o te mate huango.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, 2.96% o ngā tūroro i te rōpū tau 3 ki te 12 i kōrero mō te mate huango o te tamarikitanga. Heoi, kua kōrero ētahi rangahau o mua mō ngā momo mate huango o te tamarikitanga i roto i ngā tamariki Inia. 6,10-12 Ko ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe me te taiao i Inia ka pā tika ki ngā āhuatanga mōrearea e pā ana ki te mate huango. 6 Nō reira, kia tika ai te ārai i te mate, me te wā tika, me aromatawai ā-rohe i ngā āhuatanga matua o te mate huango o te tamarikitanga.
Ko ngā tamariki 7-12 tau te pakeke, ngā tāne me ngā tamariki e noho ana i ngā tāone nui, he nui ake te tūponotanga ki te pāngia e te mate huango i roto i ngā tamariki. I kitea te nuinga o te hunga noho tāone me ngā tāne i roto i te mate huango i roto i tētahi rangahau i Inia,10 he rite ki ā mātou kitenga. Heoi, ko tēnei hononga he mea nui noa iho i roto i te horopaki o te wāhi noho.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ka pā pea ngā huringa homoni e pā ana ki te ira tangata ki te mate huango, nā te mea he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā tama ki te pāngia e te mate huango i te wā tamarikitanga. Heoi, ka rerekē tēnei āhua i muri i te pakeketanga, ā, he maha ake ngā wā ka pāngia ngā wāhine e te mate i ngā tāne. 13-15 Hei tāpiri, he iti ake ngā ara manawa o ngā tama kei raro iho i te 10 tau te pakeke i ngā kōtiro o taua tau anō, ā, e whakaarohia ana hoki ko te teitei tetahi o ngā take o te mate huango o ngā tama i te tamarikitanga. 16.17
Kua tere te noho tāone o Metro Kamstrup, te tāone matua o Assam, i ngā tau tata nei. He maha ngā rangahau e kī ana ko te noho tāone he mea e pā ana ki te mate huango, he mea e rite ana ki tā mātou rangahau. 18,19 I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakaatuhia e te kore whakatikatika i te regression logistic he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā tamariki taumaha me te momona ki te pāngia e te mate huango i ngā tamariki he BMI noa, e rite ana ki tētahi arotake tata nei. 20 Hei tāpiri, ko te iti o te tūnga ōhanga-ōhanga he mea pea hei take mōrearea mō te mate huango o te tamarikitanga. Ko ngā tamariki mai i ngā whānau iti te tūnga ōhanga-ōhanga he nui ake te tūponotanga ki te pāngia e te mate huango nā te iti o te urupare ārai mate me te iti o ngā rauemi tiaki hauora. 21-23
He hononga nui tō ngā tamariki e noho ana i roto i tētahi whānau kotahi, i ngā whare kaccha, i ngā whare haumākū, i te kore e pai te hauhautanga, i ngā kīhini piri, i ngā wahie whakaputa paoa, i ngā rongoā ārai namu me te Dhuna, me ētahi atu, ki te mate huango o te tamarikitanga (uara-p<0.05). He hononga nui tō ngā tamariki e noho ana i roto i tētahi whānau kotahi, i ngā whare kaccha, i ngā whare haumākū, i te kore e pai te hauhautanga, i ngā kīhini piri, i ngā wahie whakaputa paoa, i ngā rongoā ārai namu me te Dhuna, me ētahi atu, ki te mate huango o te tamarikitanga (uara-p<0.05).Ngā tamariki e noho tahi ana, e oma atu ana i te kāinga, e haukū ana ngā whare, e kore e pai te hauhautanga, e piri ana ngā kīhini, e whakaputa ana i te wahie paowa, e ārai ana i ngā namu me ngā Dhuna, me ērā atu.д., были достоверно связаны с детской астмой (значение р<0,05). e., he hononga nui ki te mate huango o ngā tamariki (uara p<0.05).共同家庭的儿童、kaccha房屋、潮湿的住宅、通风不足、附属厨房、产生烟雾的燃料、驱蚊剂和Dhuna等与儿童哮喘显着相关（p 值<0.05）。 He hononga nui kei waenganui i ngā tamariki e noho tahi ana i ngā whare noho tahi, i ngā whare kaccha, i ngā whare haumākū, i te kore e pai te hauhautanga, i te kīhini piri, i te wahie whakaputa paoa, i ngā ārai namu, me te Dhuna ki te mate huango o ngā tamariki (uara p<0.05). Дети в общих домохозяйствах, домах качча, сырых жилищах, неадекватной вентиляции, пристроенныхто кухнымя, лидд репеллентах от комаров и Дхуна были в значительной степени связаны с детской астмой (значение p <0,05). He hononga nui tō ngā tamariki e noho tahi ana i roto i ngā whare noho tahi, e whakahaere ana i te whare, e noho haukū ana, e kore e pai te hauhautanga, e pai ana ngā kīhini, e pai ana te wahie paowa, e ārai ana i ngā namu me te dhuna ki te mate huango o te tamarikitanga (uara p < 0.05).Kua whakaatuhia hoki e ngā rangahau o mua he maha ngā āhuatanga taiao o roto ka taea te whakaoho i te mate huango i roto i ngā tamariki. 24-27 He tautohenga te hononga o ngā mate pāwera mōkai o roto me te mate huango o te tamarikitanga, nā te mea he iti noa ngā kairangahau e whakapono ana ko te pānga wawe ki ngā mate pāwera ka whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te manawanui. 28
He maha ngā rangahau kua whakaatu he nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate huango o ngā tamariki i whānau mai mā te pokanga i ngā whānautanga tuku iho. He rite tēnei ki ā mātou kitenga. 29-32 He nui ake hoki te tūponotanga o te mate huango o ngā tamariki kua whānau mai i te wā o te mate manawa. He mea nui te mate huango o te whaea ki ngā raruraru o te hāputanga pērā i te mate manawa manawa me te mate manawa o te pēpi hou. 33
Pērā i ngā rangahau kē atu, e whakaatu ana ngā kitenga o nāianei ko te hītori o te mate pāwera kai, te mate atopy rānei i te tamarikitanga, te hītori whānau rānei o ngā mate pāwera me te huango ka nui ake te mōrearea o te mate huango i te tamarikitanga. 34,35 E ai ki tā mātou rangahau, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau maha-whakatupuranga o mua ko ngā tikanga momi hikareti i waenga i ngā whakatipuranga ka arahi ki ngā huringa ira i roto i te epigenome ka nui ake te mōrearea o te mate huango i roto i ngā uri. 36
I ngā rā tata nei, kua pāngia ngā wāhanga katoa o te hapori e te tere o te noho tāone. Nā te rerekētanga o ngā puna moni me ngā mahi, he pai ake ki te tangata te noho ki ngā tāone nui, ā, nā reira ka pāngia rātou e ngā poke taiao. Me aro nui ngā mema o te whānau o ngā tamariki ngoikore ki te karo i te haumākū, te momi hikareti, te pupuri i ngā mōkai i roto i te whānau he mate pāwera/mate pāwera, me te karo i ngā mate pāwera/ngā mea e whakaoho ana i te mate pāwera i roto i ngā tamariki he hītori whānau o te mate pāwera/mate pāwera. Me whakanui ake te mōhiotanga ki te whāngai ū motuhake nā te mea he pai te whāngai ū hei ārai i te mate huango.
Ko te nuinga o ngā tūroro e haere mai ana ki te Kareti Hauora o Guwahati nō ngā tōpito katoa o Te Tai Rāwhiti o Īnia, nā te mea ko te Kareti Hauora o Guwahati te pokapū tohunga taumata teitei o te rohe. He iti te tūnga ōhanga-ōhanga o te nuinga o ngā tūroro, ā, he iti hoki te taumata mātauranga. He raruraru noa te mate huango pūkahukahu i roto i ngā tamariki i roto i te tari tamariki o tō mātou hōhipera. Mā ngā rautaki ārai tika mō ēnei tūroro mōrearea nui ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te mate me te whakaiti i te auau o ngā whakaekenga kino.
Ahakoa ngā maimoatanga huango katoa e wātea ana, he maha ngā tūroro kāore i te tino pai te whakahaere, engari mā te tautuhi i ngā taupori tūroro motuhake, tae atu ki ngā momo āhua me ngā momo endotype, ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakahaere i a rātou. Nō reira, mā ngā rangahau ā-rohe mō te horapa o te huango o ngā tamariki me ngā āhuatanga mōrearea ka āwhina i te whakahaere whai hua o ēnei take.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, kāore ētahi o ngā tūroro i hoki mai mō ētahi atu whakamātautau me te aroturuki. Tērā pea nā te kore mōhio ki ngā take me ngā hua o te mate. Nā te ngoikore o ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, kāore i taea e mātou te whai i ngā tūroro katoa.
He ngāwari te pāngia o ngā tamariki e te mate huango taiao, ā, mā te mārama tika ki ngā mea e whakaoho ana i te mate huango taiao me ngā mate pāwera ka āwhina i te whakahaere me te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mate. Mō ngā whānau he hītori mate pāwera, he mate huango rānei, me āta tiaki i ngā tamariki ngāwari mai i ngā āhuatanga whakararu.
I puritia ngā raraunga katoa kia noho muna, ā, i whakahaerehia te rangahau i runga anō i te Whakapuakitanga o Helsinki.
Ngā mihi nui ki ngā tākuta tamariki katoa i āwhina i te kohikohi raraunga me te aromatawai i ngā ihirangi o ō rātou mātauranga. I mihia hoki ngā hoa mahi katoa o te tari i āwhina i a mātou ki te uru atu ki ngā whare pukapuka me te taiao o te tari i te wā o te rangahau.
He nui ngā takoha a ngā kaituhi katoa ki te mahi o te pūrongo, ahakoa i roto i te ariā, te hoahoa rangahau, te whakatinanatanga, te kohikohi raraunga, te tātari me te whakamaoritanga, i ēnei wāhanga katoa rānei; i whai wāhi rātou ki te tuhi, ki te whakahou, ki te arotake arohaehae rānei o te tuhinga. Whakaotihia te putanga hei whakaputa, whakaae ki te hautaka ka tukuna te tuhinga, ā, whakaae kia whai kawenga mō ngā āhuatanga katoa o te mahi.
1. Rautaki ā-ao mō te rongoā me te ārai i te mate huango. Kaupapa Mate Huango ā-Ao. 2018. Kei te wātea mai i: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2018-GINA.pdf. Mai i te 2 o Hakihea, 2021