Iyunithi yokugoba ngamashubhu ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele ihlanganisa izinqubo ezikhuphukayo nezingezansi, ihlanganisa ukucubungula okusheshayo, okungenamaphutha, ukuphindaphindeka kanye nokuphepha. Nakuba lokhu kuhlanganiswa kungazuzisa noma yimuphi umenzi, kukhanga kakhulu labo abasensimini entsha kodwa encintisanayo yokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi.
Izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) aziyona into entsha. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, ngokufika kwezimoto zikagesi, umusi, kanye nophethiloli, ubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi babungaphezu nje kwemakethe ekhethekile. Ngenkathi izinjini ezisebenzisa uphethiloli ziwine lo mqhudelwano, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri bubuyile futhi buzohlala bukho. Njengoba amadolobha amaningi emhlabeni jikelele ememezela ukuvinjelwa kwesikhathi esizayo kwezimoto ezisebenzisa uphethiloli wakudala kanye namazwe amaningi ememezela inhloso yawo yokuvimbela ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezinjalo, ezinye izindlela zikagesi zizobusa imboni yezimoto. Kuyindaba yesikhathi nje.
Izibalo zokuthengisa zibonisa ukuthi izimoto ezisekelwe kumafutha ahlukile bezilokhu zikhula iminyaka eminingi. Ngokusho kwe-Environmental Protection Agency, imakethe yase-US yezimoto zikagesi, izimoto zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe (ama-PHEV), izimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli, kanye nezimoto ezihlanganisiwe ngaphandle kwama-PHEV zaba ngu-7% wenani eliphelele ngo-2020. Le makethe yayingekho eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule. Izibalo ezivela kwi-German Federal Motor Transport Authority ziyazikhulumela: Isabelo sezimoto ezinezinjini zamandla ezihlukile zazo zonke izimoto ezibhalisiwe eJalimane phakathi kukaJanuwari 2021 noNovemba 2021 siseduze no-35%. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isabelo sezimoto ezibhalisiwe ezintsha sasicishe sibe ngu-11%. Ngokombono wezimoto zabagibeli, ukukhula kwezimoto ezintsha zikagesi eJalimane kugqame kakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, isabelo sezimoto zikagesi ezibhalisiwe zonke ngonyaka wonke ka-2020 sasingu-6.7%. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba 2021, lesi sabelo sikhuphuke kakhulu saya ngaphezu kuka-25%.
Lolu shintsho luletha izinguquko ezinkulu kubenzi bezimoto kanye nochungechunge lwabo lonke lokuhlinzeka. Ukwakhiwa okulula kuyisihloko - uma imoto ilula, kudingeka amandla amancane. Lokhu kwandisa ububanzi, okubalulekile ezimotweni zikagesi. Lo mkhuba uholele nasekushintsheni kwezidingo zokugoba amapayipi, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezingxenye ezincane nezisebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi amapayipi anodonga oluncane enziwe ngezinto ezinamandla aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezilula njengepulasitiki eqiniswe nge-aluminium kanye ne-carbon fiber zivame ukubiza kakhulu futhi kuyinselele ukuzicubungula kunensimbi yendabuko. Okuhlobene nalo mkhuba ukwanda okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwezimo ezingezona eziyindilinga. Izakhiwo ezilula zidinga kakhulu izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezingalingani ezinezingxenye ezahlukene eziwela phansi.
Umkhuba ovamile wokukhiqiza izimoto ukugoba amashubhu ayindilinga bese uwafaka nge-hydroform abe yisimo sawo sokugcina. Lokhu kusebenza kuma-alloy ensimbi, kodwa kungaba yinkinga uma usebenzisa ezinye izinto. Isibonelo, ipulasitiki eqiniswe nge-carbon fiber ayikwazi ukugoba uma kubanda. Izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthambekela kwe-aluminium ukuqina ngokuguga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amashubhu noma amaphrofayili e-aluminium kunzima noma akunakwenzeka ukuwagoba ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje ngemva kokuba ekhiqizwe. Futhi, uma ingxenye efiswayo ingeyona indilinga, kunzima kakhulu ukunamathela ezilinganisweni ezichazwe ngaphambilini, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa i-aluminium. Okokugcina, ukufaka esikhundleni izintambo zethusi zendabuko ngamaphrofayili e-aluminium nezinduku zokuthwala ugesi kuyinkambiso ekhulayo kanye nenselele entsha yokugoba, njengoba izingxenye zine-insulation engeke yonakale ngesikhathi sokugoba.
Ukushintshela ezimotweni zikagesi kubangela izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwe-tube bender. Ama-tube bender ajwayelekile endabuko anemingcele yokusebenza echazwe ngaphambilini anika indawo yemishini ethile yomkhiqizo engenziwa ngokwezidingo zabakhiqizi. Ukusebenza kwe-gond, izilinganiso zejometri (njenge-gond radius nobude be-tube), isikhala samathuluzi kanye nesofthiwe konke kulungisiwe ukuze kuhambisane kangcono nenqubo ethile yomkhiqizi kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizo.
Lolu shintsho seluqalile futhi luzoqhubeka nokuqina. Ukuze la maphrojekthi aphumelele, umhlinzeki wesistimu udinga ulwazi oludingekayo kubuchwepheshe bokugoba kanye nolwazi oludingekayo kanye nesipiliyoni ekuklanyweni kwamathuluzi nezinqubo, okumele kuhlanganiswe kusukela ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuklama umshini. Isibonelo, izimo zamathuluzi eziyinkimbinkimbi ziyadingeka ukukhiqiza amaphrofayili e-aluminium anezingxenye ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nomklamo olungiselelwe wamathuluzi anjalo kuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoba i-CFRP kudinga indlela esebenzisa ukushisa okuncane.
Izingcindezi ezikhulayo zezindleko ezithinta imboni yezimoto nazo ziyazwakala kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Izikhathi zomjikelezo omfushane kanye nokunemba okukhulu manje sekubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Izinkampani ezihlose ukuhlala zincintisana zidinga ukusebenzisa izinsiza ngendlela efanele. Lokhu akubandakanyi isikhathi kanye nezinsizakusebenza kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinsizakusebenza zabantu, ikakhulukazi abasebenzi abayinhloko ekukhiqizeni. Kulo mkhakha, izinqubo ezilula nezithembekile ziyisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
Abakhiqizi bama-tube kanye nama-OEM aphatha ukwenziwa kwama-tube ngaphakathi bangase baphendule ezingcindezini zezindleko ezingapheli kanye nezinye izingcindezi ngokufuna imishini esebenza kahle ehlangabezana nezidingo zabo. Amabhuleki okucindezela anamuhla kumele asebenzise isu lobuchwepheshe elinezigaba eziningi elihlanganisa izici ezifana namathuluzi okugoba ama-radium amaningi angenziwa ngezifiso alula futhi anembile ngama-tubes amafushane kakhulu phakathi kwama-gond. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugoba kukhanya ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye zama-tube ezine-radii eziningi, ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokugoba-ngaphakathi-kwe ...
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukusebenzisana phakathi komqhubi nomshini. Ubuchwepheshe kumele busekele abasebenzisi ngangokunokwenzeka. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganiswa kokuhoxiswa kwe-die yokugoba - isimo lapho i-die yokugoba kanye nengalo yokujikisa kusebenza ngokwehlukana - kuvumela umshini ukuthi ulungise futhi ubeke ama-geometri ahlukahlukene eshubhu ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoba. Omunye umqondo wokuhlela nokulawula uqala ukulungiselela i-shaft yokugoba okulandelayo, kuyilapho ukugoba kwamanje kusaqhubeka. Ngenkathi lokhu kudinga isilawuli ukuthi siqaphe njalo futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenzisana kwama-axes ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukunyakaza kwawo, umzamo wokuhlela uletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, kunciphisa izikhathi zomjikelezo ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangama-40 kuye ngezingxenye kanye ne-geometry yeshubhu oyifunayo.
Njengoba kushintshelwe kwezinye izinhlobo zamandla, ukuzenzakalela kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Abakhiqizi be-tube bender badinga ukugxila ekwenziweni okubanzi kwe-automation kanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa imisebenzi engaphezu kokugoba. Lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela ekugobeni kwamapayipi ekukhiqizweni kochungechunge olukhulu, kodwa futhi kuya ngokuya ekukhiqizweni kochungechunge oluncane kakhulu.
Amabhuleki okucindezela esimanje abakhiqizi abanamandla amakhulu, njenge-CNC 80 E TB MR evela eSchwarze-Robitec, afanelekela izidingo zabakhiqizi ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto. Izici ezifana nezikhathi zomjikelezo omfushane kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinsizakusebenza zibalulekile, futhi abakhiqizi abaningi bathembele ezinkethweni ezifana nokuhlolwa kwe-weld, i-cut-off eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye ne-robotic interfaces.
Ekucutshungulweni kwamashubhu okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele, izigaba ezahlukahlukene zenqubo kumele zithembeke, zingabi namaphutha, ziphindeke futhi zisheshe ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ehambisanayo yemiphumela yokugoba. Izinyathelo zokucubungula ezikhuphukayo neziphansi kumele zihlanganiswe neyunithi enjalo yokugoba, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza, ukugoba, ukuhlanganisa, ukwakha isiphelo kanye nokulinganisa.
Imishini yokuphatha efana namarobhothi kanye nezingxenye ezengeziwe ezifana nabaphathi bamapayipi kumele futhi ihlanganiswe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezifanele kakhulu isicelo esifanele. Isibonelo, kuye ngezidingo zomenzi, isitolo sokulayisha ibhande, isitolo seketanga, i-lift conveyor noma i-bulk material conveyor kungaba uhlelo olufanele lwe-tube feeder. Abanye abakhiqizi bamabhuleki okucindezela benza ukuhlanganiswa kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka ngokunikeza izinhlelo zokulawula ezizimele ezisebenza ngokubambisana nohlelo lokuhlela izinsiza zebhizinisi le-OEM.
Nakuba isinyathelo ngasinye esengeziwe senza uchungechunge lwenqubo lube lude, umsebenzisi akabi naso isikhathi sokubambezeleka njengoba isikhathi somjikelezo ngokuvamile sihlala sifana. Umehluko omkhulu ebunzimeni balolu hlelo oluzenzakalelayo yizidingo zokulawula eziqinile ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe iyunithi yokugoba ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza olukhona kanye nenethiwekhi yenkampani. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-pipe bender kufanele alungele i-Industry 4.0.
Sekukonke, ukuhlanganiswa kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-OEM asebenzisane nabakhi bemishini abanolwazi olukhulu ekuthuthukiseni imishini ehambisana nezinhlelo ezahlukene ezincane enqubweni yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele.
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