Iyunithi yokugoba ishubhu ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele ihlanganisa izinqubo ezikhuphuka nomfula, ezihlanganisa ukucubungula okungenaphutha, ukuphindaphinda nokuphepha.Nakuba lokhu kuhlanganiswa kungase kuzuzise noma yimuphi umkhiqizi, kukhanga ngokukhethekile labo abasensimini esafufusa kodwa encintisanayo yokukhiqiza imoto kagesi.
Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) aziyona into entsha.Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, ngokufika kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, isitimu, kanye nophethiloli, ubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi babungaphezu kwemakethe ye-niche.Nakuba izinjini ezisebenza ngophethiloli ziwunqobile lo mzuliswano, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri bubuyile futhi buzohlala lapha.Ngamadolobha amaningi emhlabeni wonke amemezela amazwe amaningi okuvimba uphethiloli kanye nenhloso yawo yezimoto ezizayo ememezela ukuvinjelwa kukaphethiloli esikhathini esizayo. vala ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezinjalo, ezinye izitimela ezisebenza ngogesi zizobusa embonini yezimoto.Kuyindaba nje yesikhathi.
Izibalo zokuthengisa zikhombisa ukuthi izimoto ezisuselwa kwamanye amafutha sekuyiminyaka zizuza amandla.Ngokusho kwe-Environmental Protection Agency, imakethe yase-US yezimoto zikagesi, izimoto zikagesi eziyi-plug-in hybrid (PHEVs), izimoto ezithwala uphethiloli, kanye namahybrids ngaphandle kwama-PHEVs enze u-7% yenani lonke ngo-2020. Isabelo sezimoto ezinezinye izitimela zikagesi zazo zonke izimoto ezisanda kubhaliswa eJalimane phakathi kukaJanuwari 2021 noNovemba 2021 sisondele ku-35%.Ngalesi sikhathi, isabelo sama-BEV asanda kubhaliswa sasicishe sibe ngu-11%.Ngokombono wezimoto zabagibeli, ukukhula kwezimoto zikagesi ezintsha eJalimane kuchazwa ngokukhethekile. 6.7%.Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba 2021, lesi sabelo sikhuphuke kakhulu safinyelela ngaphezu kwama-25%.
Lolu shintsho luletha izinguquko ezimangalisayo kubakhi bezimoto nakuwo wonke uchungechunge lwabo lokuhlinzeka. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Lightweight kuyindikimba - uma imoto ilula, kudingeka amandla amancane. Lokhu futhi kwandisa ububanzi, obubalulekile ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi. Lokhu kuthambekela kuye kwaholela ekushintsheni ezidingweni zokugoba amapayipi, nesidingo esikhulayo sezingxenye ezihlangene nezisebenza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi amapayipi anezindonga ezincane, i-aluminium lightweight eyenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-carbon streng. amapulasitiki ane-fiber-reinforced ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu futhi anzima kakhulu ukucutshungulwa kunensimbi yendabuko.Okuhlobene nalo mkhuba ukwanda okumangalisayo kokusetshenziswa kwezimo ezingezona eziyindilinga.Izakhiwo ezingasindi ezilula ziya ngokuya zidinga ubujamo obuyinkimbinkimbi, obungama-asymmetrical anezigaba ezihlukene ezihlukene.
Umkhuba ojwayelekile wokukhiqiza izimoto ukugoba amashubhu ayindilinga futhi awafake emanzini abe yisimo sawo sokugcina.Lokhu kusebenzela ama-alloys ensimbi, kodwa kungaba yinkinga uma usebenzisa ezinye izinto.Isibonelo, i-carbon fiber reinforced plastic ayikwazi ukugoba uma kubanda.Izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthambekela kwe-aluminium ukuba lukhuni ngokuguga.Lokhu kusho ukuthi amashubhu e-aluminium noma amaphrofayili e-aluminium kunzima kuphela uma isifiso sokwenziwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa kungenakwenzeka noma kungenakwenzeka. i-cross-section ayiyona isiyingi, kunzima kakhulu ukunamathela ekubekezeleni okuchazwe ngaphambilini, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa i-aluminium.Ekugcineni, ukufaka esikhundleni sezintambo zethusi zendabuko ngamaphrofayili e-aluminium kanye nezinduku zokuthwala zamanje kuwumkhuba okhulayo kanye nenselele entsha yokugoba, njengoba izingxenye zine-insulation engeke yonakaliswe ngesikhathi sokugoba.
Ukushintshela ezimotweni zikagesi kubangela izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwe-tube bender.Ama-tube bender ajwayelekile ajwayelekile anezimiso zokusebenza ezichazwe ngaphambilini anikeza indlela emishinini eqondene nomkhiqizo engenziwa ifanelana nezidingo zabakhiqizi.Ukusebenza kokugoba, izilinganiso zejiyomethri (njenge-bend radius nobude beshubhu), indawo yamathuluzi nesofthiwe konke kulungiswa ukuze kufane kangcono nenqubo eqondile yomkhiqizi.
Lolu shintsho seluyaqhubeka futhi luzoqinisa kuphela. Ukuze la maphrojekthi afezeke, umphakeli wesistimu udinga ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo kubuchwepheshe bokugoba kanye nolwazi oludingekayo nolwazi oludingekayo ekuklameni kwamathuluzi nenqubo, okumele kuhlanganiswe kusukela ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuklama umshini.Isibonelo, ukwakheka kwamathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi kuyadingeka ukuze kukhiqizwe amaphrofayili e-aluminium anezigaba ezihlukahlukene ezihlukene. I-CFRP idinga indlela esebenzisa inani elincane lokushisa.
Izingcindezi ezikhulayo zezindleko ezishanela imboni yezimoto nazo zizwakala kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla.Izikhathi zomjikelezo omfushane nokunemba okwedlulele manje zibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.Izinkampani ezihlose ukuhlala zincintisana nesidingo sokusebenzisa izinsiza ngendlela efanele.Lokhu akubandakanyi isikhathi nezinto ezibonakalayo kuphela, kodwa nezinsiza zabantu, ikakhulukazi izisebenzi ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni.Kulo mkhakha, izinqubo ezisebenziseka kalula nezithembekile ziyisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izindleko.
Abakhiqizi bamashubhu kanye nama-OEM aphatha ukwakhiwa kwamashubhu endlini bangase baphendule ezicindezelweni zezindleko ezingapheli kanye nezinye izingcindezi ngokufuna imishini esebenza kahle kakhulu ehlangabezana nezidingo zabo ngokunembile.Amabhuleki okucindezela esimanje kufanele asebenzise isu lobuchwepheshe lezigaba eziningi elihlanganisa izici ezifana namathuluzi okugoba ama-multi-radius enziwe ngokwezifiso asiza ukugoba okulula nokunembile ngamashubhu okuthuthukisa amashubhu ekugobeni kobuchwepheshe bokugoba. ama-radii amaningi, ekwenzeni izinhlelo zokugoba, noma ekwenzeni ezinye izinhlelo zamashubhu eziyinkimbinkimbi.Imishini yokusingatha ukugoba okuyinkimbinkimbi inganciphisa izikhathi zokujikeleza; kubakhiqizi bevolumu ephezulu, ngisho nemizuzwana embalwa egcinwe ngengxenye ngayinye ingaba nomthelela omkhulu omuhle ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza.
Enye ingxenye ebalulekile ukusebenzisana phakathi komsebenzisi nomshini.Ubuchwepheshe kufanele busekele abasebenzisi ngangokunokwenzeka.Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlanganiswa kokugoba kwe-die retraction - isimo lapho i-goba die die nengalo eshwibekayo isebenza ngokuhlukana - ivumela umshini ukuthi ulungise futhi umise amashubhu e-geometries ahlukahlukene phakathi nenqubo yokugoba.Omunye umqondo wokuhlela nokulawula uqala ukulungisa i-shaft yokugoba okulandelayo, kuyilapho isilawuli sisaqhubeka sisasebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo. ukusebenzisana kwezimbazo ukuze kudidiyelwe ukunyakaza kwazo, umzamo wokuhlela uthela izinzuzo ezinkulu, ukwehlisa izikhathi zomjikelezo ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuye kwangama-40 kuye ngezingxenye kanye nejiyomethri yeshubhu oyifunayo.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukushintshela kwezinye izitimela zamandla, ukuzenzekelayo kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.Abakhiqizi be-Tube bender kudingeka bagxile ku-automation ebanzi kanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa ukuhamba komsebenzi okungaphezu kokugoba.Lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela ekugobeni kwamapayipi ekukhiqizeni uchungechunge olukhulu, kodwa futhi ngokuya ngokuya ekukhiqizeni uchungechunge oluncane kakhulu.
Amabhuleki esimanje okucindezela abakhiqizi bevolumu ephezulu, njenge-CNC 80 E TB MR evela e-Schwarze-Robitec, alungele izidingo zabakhiqizi bochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto.Izimfanelo ezifana nezikhathi zomjikelezo omfushane nokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza kusebenza zibalulekile, futhi abakhiqizi abaningi bathembele kokukhethwa kukho njengokuhlola i-weld, ukunqanyulwa kwe-robotic eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo samarobhothi.
Ekucutshungulweni kwe-tube okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele, izigaba ezihlukahlukene zenqubo kufanele zithembeke, zingabi namaphutha, ziphindaphindeke futhi zisheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi engaguquki yemiphumela yokugoba.Izinyathelo zokucubungula ezikhuphukayo nezingaphansi komfula kufanele zihlanganiswe neyunithi enjalo yokugoba, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza, ukugoba, ukuhlanganisa, ukwakheka kokugcina nokulinganisa.
Ukuphatha okokusebenza okunjengamarobhothi nezinye izingxenye ezengeziwe njengezibambi zamapayipi nazo kufanele zihlanganiswe.Umsebenzi oyinhloko uwukuthola ukuthi iziphi izinqubo ezifanele kakhulu isicelo esifanelekile.Isibonelo, kuye ngezidingo zomkhiqizi, isitolo sokulayishwa kwebhande, isitolo samaketanga, isihambisi sekheshi noma isihambisi sempahla eningi singase sibe isistimu elungile yesiphakeli se-tubular.Abanye abakhiqizi bamabhuleki cindezela benza kube lula ukuhlinzeka ngamasistimu okulawula ngokunikeza ukuhlanganiswa komsebenzi njengokulawula okunokwenzeka ngokuhlanganisa amasistimu okusebenza njenge-projectory. Uhlelo lwe-OEM lokuhlela insiza yebhizinisi.
Nakuba isinyathelo ngasinye esengeziwe senza iketango lenqubo libe lide, umsebenzisi akabi nakho ukulibaziseka njengoba isikhathi somjikelezo ngokuvamile sihlala singashintshile.Umehluko omkhulu kunayo yonke enkingeni yalesi simiso esizenzakalelayo yizidingo eziqinile zokulawula ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe iyunithi yokugoba ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza olukhona kanye nenethiwekhi yenkampani.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-pipe bender kufanele alungele I-Industry 4.0.
Sekukonke, ukuhlanganisa kubaluleke kakhulu.Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-OEM asebenze nabakhi bemishini abanolwazi olunzulu lokuthuthukisa imishini ehambisana nezinhlelo ezingaphansi ezihlukahlukene zenqubo yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba umagazini wokuqala ozinikele ekukhonzeni imboni yamapayipi ensimbi ngo-1990.Namuhla, isewukuphela kwencwadi eNyakatho Melika enikezelwe embonini futhi isibe umthombo othenjwa kakhulu wolwazi lwabachwepheshe bamapayipi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje selufinyeleleka ngokugcwele, lunikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STAMPING Journal, oluhlinzeka ngentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba emihle kanye nezindaba zemboni zemakethe yokugxiviza izitembu zensimbi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zomkhakha.