Chigadzirwa chekukotamisa machubhu chinongoerekana chagadzirwa otomatiki chinobatanidza maitiro ekumusoro neakadzika, chichibatanidza kugadzirisa nekukurumidza, kusina zvikanganiso, kudzokororwa uye kuchengetedzeka. Kunyange hazvo kubatanidzwa uku kuchigona kubatsira chero mugadziri, kunonyanya kukwezva kune avo vari mumunda mutsva wekugadzira mota dzemagetsi asi dziri kukwikwidzana.
Mota dzemagetsi (EVs) hadzisi itsva. Mukutanga kwema1900, nekuuya kwemotokari dzinoshandisa magetsi, utsi, uye peturu, tekinoroji yemotokari dzemagetsi yakanga inopfuura musika chaiwo. Kunyange zvazvo mainjini anoshandisa peturu akakunda mujaho uyu, tekinoroji yemabhatiri yadzoka uye yagara iripo. Nemaguta mazhinji pasi rose achizivisa kurambidzwa kwemotokari dzinoshandisa mafuta ekare mune ramangwana uye nyika zhinji dzichizivisa chinangwa chadzo chekurambidza kutengeswa kwemotokari dzakadaro, dzimwe nzira dzemagetsi dzichatonga indasitiri yemotokari. Ingori nyaya yenguva.
Nhamba dzekutengesa dzinoratidza kuti mota dzinoshandisa mafuta akasiyana dzave dzichiwedzera simba kwemakore. Sekureva kweEnvironmental Protection Agency, musika wemotokari dzemagetsi muUS, mota dzemagetsi dzakasanganiswa (PHEVs), mota dzemafuta, uye dzimwe mota dzakasiyana siyana kunze kwePHEVs dzakaita 7% yehuwandu hwese muna 2020. Musika uyu hauna kumbobvira wavapo makore makumi maviri apfuura. Nhamba dzeGerman Federal Motor Transport Authority dzinotaura dzadzo: Mugove wemotokari dzine mota dzakasiyana siyana dzemagetsi muGermany pakati paNdira 2021 naMbudzi 2021 wava pedyo ne35%. Munguva iyi, mugove wemotokari itsva dzakanyoreswa waive pa11%. Kubva pamaonero emotokari dzevatakuri, kukura kwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi muGermany kwakanyanya kuoneka. Muchikamu chino, mugove wemotokari dzese itsva dzakanyoreswa mugore rese ra2020 waive 6.7%. Kubva Ndira kusvika Mbudzi 2021, mugove uyu wakawedzera zvakanyanya kusvika paanopfuura 25%.
Kuchinja uku kunounza shanduko huru kune vagadziri vemotokari neketani yavo yese yekupa. Kuvaka kudiki inyaya huru - kana mota yakareruka, simba shoma rinodiwa. Izvi zvinowedzerawo nzvimbo, izvo zvakakosha kumotokari dzemagetsi. Maitiro aya akakonzerawo shanduko muzvinodiwa zvekukombama mapaipi, nekudiwa kuri kukura kwezvikamu zvidiki uye zvinoshanda zvakanyanya, kunyanya mapaipi ane madziro matete akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasimba. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvidiki zvakaita searuminiyamu nepurasitiki yakasimbiswa nekabhoni zvinowanzo kudhura uye zvakaoma kugadzirisa kupfuura simbi yechinyakare. Chine chekuita nemaitiro aya kuwedzera kukuru kwekushandiswa kwemaumbirwo asiri akatenderera. Zvivakwa zvidiki zvinowedzera kuda maumbirwo akaomarara, asina kuenzana ane zvikamu zvakasiyana.
Nzira yakajairika yekugadzira mota ndeyekukombamisa machubhu akatenderera woagadzira kuti asvike muchimiro chawo chekupedzisira. Izvi zvinoshanda kune alloys dzesimbi, asi zvinogona kuva dambudziko kana uchishandisa zvimwe zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, purasitiki yakasimbiswa nefiber yekabhoni haigone kukotama kana kuchitonhora. Chinhu chinoomesa zvinhu ndechekuti aruminiyamu inooma nekukura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti machubhu earuminiyamu kana maprofiles akaoma kana kuti haagone kukotama mwedzi mishomanana chete mushure mekunge agadzirwa. Zvakare, kana chikamu chinodiwa chisina kutenderera, zvakaoma zvikuru kutevedzera mitemo yakatarwa, kunyanya kana uchishandisa aruminiyamu. Chekupedzisira, kutsiva tambo dzemhangura dzechinyakare nemaprofiles earuminiyamu netsvimbo dzekutakura magetsi inzira iri kukura uye dambudziko idzva rekukombama, sezvo zvikamu zvine insulation isingakuvadzi panguva yekukombama.
Kuchinja kwemotokari dzemagetsi kuri kukonzera shanduko mukugadzirwa kwechubhu dzinopinza machubhu. Machubhu anopinza machubhu echinyakare ane maparamita ekushanda akatsanangurwa ari kupa nzira kune michina chaiyo yechigadzirwa inogona kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemugadziri. Kushanda kwehupfu, zviyero zvejometri (senge hurefu hwehupfu hwemachubhu), nzvimbo yekushandisa maturusi nesoftware zvese zvinogadziriswa kuti zvienderane zviri nani nemaitiro chaiwo emugadziri uye zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa.
Kuchinja uku kwatotanga uye kucharamba kuchikura. Kuti mapurojekiti aya abudirire, mupi wesystem anoda hunyanzvi hunodiwa mu tekinoroji yekukombama pamwe neruzivo neruzivo rwunodiwa mukugadzira zvishandiso nemaitiro, izvo zvinofanirwa kubatanidzwa kubva pakutanga kwechikamu chekugadzira muchina. Semuenzaniso, maumbirwo ezvishandiso akaomarara anodiwa kuti pagadzirwe ma profiles earuminiyamu ane zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Saka, kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwakanakisa kwezvishandiso zvakadaro kunowedzera kukosha. Pamusoro pezvo, kukombama kweCFRP kunoda nzira inoshandisa kupisa kushoma.
Kuwanda kwemitengo iri kukwira muindasitiri yemotokari kuri kunzwikwawo muchikamu chekutengesa. Nguva pfupi uye kunyatsoita zvinhu nemazvo ikozvino kwave kukosha kupfuura kare. Makambani ane chinangwa chekugara achikwikwidzana anoda kushandisa zviwanikwa nemazvo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwete nguva nezvinhu chete, asiwo vashandi, kunyanya vashandi vekugadzira. Mundima iyi, maitiro ari nyore kushandisa uye akavimbika ndiwo chinhu chakakosha mukuvandudza mashandiro emutengo.
Vagadziri vemachubhu nemakambani eOEM anobata kugadzirwa kwemachubhu mumba vanogona kupindura kudzvinyiriro dzinogara dzichidhura nezvimwe zvinodzvinyirirwa nekutsvaga michina inoshanda zvakanaka inonyatsoenderana nezvavanoda. Mabhureki ekudhinda emazuva ano anofanirwa kushandisa nzira yetekinoroji ine matanho akawanda inosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sezvishandiso zvinochinjika zvekukotama zvakawanda zvinoita kuti machubhu akwanise kukotama zviri nyore uye zvakarurama zvine machubhu mapfupi pakati pemachubhu. Kufambira mberi uku mutekinoroji yekukotama kunopenya mukugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvemachubhu zvine ma radii akawanda, mukugadzirwa kwemasisitimu ekukotama-mukati-mechi, kana mukugadzirwa kwemamwe masisitimu akaomarara emachubhu. Michina yekubata machubhu akaomarara inogona kuderedza nguva yekutenderera; kune vagadziri vane huwandu hwakawanda, kunyangwe masekondi mashoma akachengetwa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe anogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakubudirira kwekugadzira.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekudyidzana pakati pemushandisi nemuchina. Tekinoroji iyi inofanira kutsigira vashandisi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Semuenzaniso, kubatanidzwa kwekudzoreredza machira ekukotamisa - mamiriro ezvinhu apo machira ekukotamisa neruoko rwekutenderera zvinoshanda zvakasiyana - zvinobvumira muchina kugadzirisa nekuisa machubhu akasiyana-siyana panguva yekukotamisa. Imwe pfungwa yepurogiramu nekutonga inotanga kugadzirira shaft yekukotamisa kunotevera, uku kukotama kwazvino kuchiri kuenderera mberi. Kunyange izvi zvichida mudzori kuti arambe achitarisa uye otomatiki kudyidzana kwemaaxes kuti aronge mafambiro avo, kuedza kwepurogiramu kunopa mabhenefiti makuru, kuderedza nguva yekutenderera ne20 kusvika 40 muzana zvichienderana nezvikamu uye machubhu anodiwa.
Zvichienderana nekuchinja kwekushandisa magetsi akasiyana, otomatiki yakakosha kupfuura kare. Vagadziri vema "tube bender" vanofanirwa kutarisa pa "otomatiki" yakakura uye kugona kubatanidza mashandiro ebasa kupfuura kukotama. Izvi zvinoshanda kwete chete kuma "pipe bends" mukugadzirwa kwema "series" makuru, asiwo zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwema "series" madiki kwazvo.
Mabhureki emazuva ano evagadziri vemotokari dzakawanda, akadai seCNC 80 E TB MR kubva kuSchwarze-Robitec, akakodzera zvinodiwa nevagadziri vemotokari. Zvinhu zvakaita senguva pfupi yekufamba uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa zvakakosha, uye vagadziri vazhinji vanovimba nesarudzo dzakadai sekuongorora weld, cut-off yakavakirwa mukati uye robotic interfaces.
Mukugadzirisa machubhu otomatiki zvizere, matanho akasiyana-siyana ekuita izvi anofanira kuva akavimbika, asina zvikanganiso, anodzokororwa uye anokurumidza kuona kuti mhedzisiro yekukotama yakafanana. Matanho ekugadzirisa ekukwira nekudzika anofanira kubatanidzwa muchikamu chakadaro chekukotama, kusanganisira kuchenesa, kukotama, kuunganidza, kugadzira magumo uye kuyera.
Midziyo yekubata zvinhu yakaita semarobhoti nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semapaipi inofanirawo kubatanidzwa. Basa guru nderekuona kuti ndeapi maitiro akakodzera kushandiswa kwakakodzera. Semuenzaniso, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemugadziri, chitoro chekuisa mabhandi, chitoro checheni, chinofambisa zvinhu zvinosimudza kana chinofambisa zvinhu zvakawanda chingave sisitimu yakakodzera yekudyara tubular. Vamwe vagadziri vemabhureki ekudhinda vanoita kuti kubatanidzwa kuve nyore sezvinobvira nekupa masisitimu ekudzora anoshanda pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekuronga zviwanikwa zvebhizinesi reOEM.
Kunyangwe nhanho imwe neimwe yekuwedzera ichiita kuti cheni yemaitiro irebe, mushandisi haaone kunonoka sezvo nguva yekutenderera inowanzo gara yakafanana. Musiyano mukuru mukuoma kweiyi system ye otomatiki ndeyezvinodiwa zvekudzora zvakasimba zvinodiwa kuti ubatanidze unit yekukotama muketani yekugadzira iripo uye network yekambani. Nekuda kweizvi, mapipe benders anofanira kunge akagadzirira Industry 4.0.
Zvose, kubatanidzwa ndiko kwakakosha. Zvakakosha kuti maOEM ashande nevagadziri vemichina vane ruzivo rwakakura mukugadzira michina inoenderana nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana mukugadzira otomatiki.
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