Insimbi engagqwali iza ngezindlela eziningana ezivamile. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi zinto ezivamile ziyini nokuthi kungani zibalulekile. Izinto ezintsha zakamuva zobuchwepheshe bokuhudula zinganciphisa izinyathelo zenqubo ukuze kufezwe isiphetho esifiselekayo, okuhlanganisa nokukhanya okufunwayo kobuso.
Insimbi engagqwali kungaba nzima ukusebenza ngayo, kodwa umkhiqizo oqediwe unikeza ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu futhi wenza wonke umsebenzi ube wusizo. Ngokuvamile kuyamukelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-grit encane kakhulu ekuhlanzeni kungasusa amaphethini okuklwebha angaphambilini futhi kuthuthukise ukuqeda, kodwa kunezinyathelo eziningi ezijwayelekile okufanele uziqaphele lapho usebenzisa i-grit sequences eziningi ukuze ufeze ukuqeda okufiselekayo.
Insimbi engagqwali iza ngezindlela eziningana ezivamile. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi zinto ezivamile ziyini nokuthi kungani zibalulekile. Izinto ezintsha zakamuva zobuchwepheshe bokuhudula zinganciphisa izinyathelo zenqubo ukuze kufezwe isiphetho esifiselekayo, okuhlanganisa nokukhanya okufunwayo kobuso.
I-Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA) ichaza amazinga embonini kanye nalapho imikhiqizo isebenzisa khona izinombolo zokuqeda ezahlukene.
Inombolo 1 isiqediwe. Lokhu kulungiswa kwendawo kwenziwa ngokugoqa insimbi engagqwali (egoqa ngokushisa) eshisiwe ngaphambi kokugoqa. Kuncane kakhulu okudingekayo ukuqeda, yingakho kubhekwa njengokungaqinile. Imikhiqizo evamile enezindawo zokuqala ama-air heater, amabhokisi okufaka amanzi, ama-boiler baffle, izingxenye ezahlukene zesithando somlilo, kanye nama-gas turbine, ukubala ezimbalwa.
Inombolo 2B isiqediwe. Le ndawo ekhanyayo egoqwe ngokubandayo ifana nesibuko esinamafu futhi ayidingi zinyathelo zokuqeda. Izingxenye ezinesiphetho se-2B zifaka amapani e-universal, imishini yezitshalo zamakhemikhali, izitsha, imishini yokugaya amaphepha kanye nezinto zokufaka amapayipi.
Kukhona futhi ukuqeda okungu-2D esigabeni sesi-2. Lokhu kuqeda kufana, kumpunga wesiliva ongacwebezeli kahle wama-coil amancane, ubukhulu bawo buncishisiwe yinqubo yokuqeda ebandayo njengoba ivame ukusetshenziswa nokuqeda kwefektri. Ukuphotha noma ukususa usayizi kuyadingeka ngemuva kokwelashwa ngokushisa ukuze kususwe i-chromium. Ukuphotha kungaba yisinyathelo sokugcina sokukhiqiza salokhu kwelashwa kwendawo. Uma kudingeka ukuqeda okupendiwe, ukuqeda okungu-2D kukhethwa njenge-substrate njengoba kunikeza ukunamathela okuhle kakhulu kopende.
I-Polish No. 3 iphawuleka ngemigqa yokupholisha emifushane, ebanzi, ehambisanayo. Itholakala ngokupholisha ngomshini ngezisusa ezincane noma ngokudlulisa ama-coil ngama-roller akhethekile acindezela amaphethini ebusweni, elingisa ukubukeka kokuguguleka ngomshini. Kuwukuphela okubonisa ukukhanya okuphakathi nendawo.
Ekupholisheni ngomshini, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ama-grit angu-50 noma angu-80 ekuqaleni, kanti ama-grit angu-100 noma angu-120 avame ukusetshenziswa ekupholisheni kokugcina. Ubulukhuni bomphezulu buvame ukuba nobulukhuni obumaphakathi (Ra) obungama-microinches angu-40 noma ngaphansi. Uma umenzi edinga ama-weld e-fusion noma okunye ukusika, umugqa wokupholisha ophumayo uvame ukuba mude kunomkhiqizo opholishwe umenzi noma i-roll polisher. Okuvame kakhulu emishinini yokwenza utshwala, imishini yokucubungula ukudla, imishini yasekhishini, kanye nezinsimbi zesayensi ukuphela kweNombolo 3.
Ukuqeda kwenombolo 4 yikona okuvame kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswa embonini yezinto zikagesi nezokudla. Ukubukeka kwayo kubonakala ngemigqa emifushane epholishiwe ehambisanayo enwebeka ngokulinganayo ngobude bekhoyili. Itholakala ngokupholishwa ngomshini kokuqeda kwenombolo 3 nge-abrasives ecolekile kancane kancane. Kuye ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, ukuqeda kokugcina kungaba phakathi kwama-grit angu-120 no-320. Ukuqeda okuphezulu kukhiqiza imigqa epholishiwe ecolekile kanye nokuqeda okubonisa kakhulu.
Ubulukhuni bomphezulu buvame ukuba yi-Ra 25 µin. noma ngaphansi. Lokhu kuqeda kusetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini yokudlela neyasekhishini, ezitolo, ekucubunguleni ukudla kanye nemishini yobisi. Njengoba kunjalo nge-Finish No. 3, uma umqhubi edinga ukuhlanganisa ama-weld noma ukwenza okunye ukuthinta kokuqeda, umugqa opholishiwe ophumayo uvame ukuba mude kunomugqa womkhiqizo opholishiwe umenzi noma i-roll polisher. Ezinye izindawo lapho kutholakala khona i-Finish 4 zifaka phakathi ama-trailer ethangi lomgwaqo, izindawo zesibhedlela kanye nemishini, amaphaneli okulawula noma okuhambisa amanzi, kanye nezihlinzeki zamanzi.
I-Polish No. 3 iphawuleka ngemigqa yokupholisha emifushane, ebanzi, ehambisanayo. Itholakala ngokupholisha ngomshini ngezisusa ezincane noma ngokudlulisa ama-coil ngama-roller akhethekile acindezela amaphethini ebusweni, elingisa ukubukeka kokuguguleka ngomshini. Kuwukuphela okubonisa ukukhanya okuphakathi nendawo.
Isiphetho No. 7 sikhanya kakhulu futhi sibukeka njengesibuko. Sipholishwe saba yi-grit engu-320 futhi sipholishiwe No. 7 sivame ukutholakala ezigqokweni zamakholomu, ezihlotshisweni zokuhlobisa kanye namaphaneli odonga.
Kube nentuthuko ebalulekile ekususeni izinto ezisetshenziswayo ukuze kufezwe lokhu kuqeda okungaphezulu, okusiza abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize izingxenye eziningi ngokuphephile, ngokushesha, nangokungabizi kakhulu. Amaminerali amasha, imicu eqinile kanye nezinhlelo ze-resin ezivimbela ukungcola kusiza ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo yokuqeda.
Lezi zinto zokubhula zinikeza ukusika okusheshayo, ukuphila isikhathi eside, futhi zinciphisa inani lezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze umsebenzi uqedwe. Isibonelo, i-flap enemifantu emincane ezinhlayiyeni ze-ceramic yandisa impilo yayo ngesivinini esincane futhi inikeza ukuphela okufanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-abrasive ehlanganisiwe bunezinhlayiya ezihlangana ndawonye ukuze zisike ngokushesha futhi zinikeze isiphetho esingcono. Kudinga izinyathelo ezimbalwa kanye nempahla encane engabangeli ukucasuka ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi, futhi iningi labasebenzi libona ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kanye nokonga izindleko.
Michael Radaelli is Product Manager at Norton|Saint-Gobain Abrasives, 1 New Bond St., Worcester, MA 01606, 508-795-5000, michael.a.radaelli@saint-gobain.com, www.nortonabrasives.com.
Abakhiqizi baphonswa inselelo yokuqedela amakhona kanye ne-radii yezingxenye zensimbi engagqwali. Ukuze ihlanganise ama-weld okunzima ukuwafinyelela kanye nezindawo zokwakha, inenqubo enezinyathelo ezinhlanu edinga isondo lokugaya, iphedi yesikwele yama-grits amaningana, kanye nesondo lokugaya elifanayo.
Okokuqala, abaqhubi basebenzisa isondo lokugaya ukwenza imihuzuko ejulile kulezi zingxenye zensimbi engagqwali. Amasondo okugaya ngokuvamile aqinile futhi awaxoleli kangako, okwenza umqhubi abe sesimweni esibi ekuqaleni. Isinyathelo sokugaya besithatha isikhathi futhi kusasele imihuzuko okwakudingeka isuswe ngezinyathelo ezintathu ezengeziwe zokuqeda iphedi ezinobukhulu obuhlukene bokusanhlamvu. Lesi sinyathelo silandelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamasondo afanayo ukuze kufezwe ukuqeda okufunwayo kobuso.
Ngokushintsha isondo lokugaya libe yisondo le-ceramic lobe, umqhubi wakwazi ukuqeda ukupholisha esinyathelweni sokuqala. Egcina ukulandelana okufanayo kwegrit njengasesinyathelweni sesibili, umqhubi washintsha ama-square pads ngesondo le-flap, okuthuthukisa isikhathi nokuqeda.
Ukususa iphedi yesikwele engama-grit angu-80 bese uyishintsha nge-mandrel engalukiwe enezinhlayiya ezihlanganisiwe kulandele i-mandrel engalukiwe engama-grit angu-220 kuvumela opharetha ukuthi akhiqize ukukhanya okufiswayo kanye nokuqedwa okuphelele futhi kuqede isidingo senqubo yokuqala (sebenzisa isondo lobumbano ukuvala isinyathelo).
Ngenxa yentuthuko kumasondo e-flapper kanye nobuchwepheshe obungalukiwe, inani lezinyathelo lincishisiwe lisuka kwezinhlanu laya kwezine, okunciphisa isikhathi sokuqeda ngo-40% futhi konga izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nemikhiqizo.
Kube nentuthuko enkulu ekubhula okusetshenziselwa ukufeza lokhu kuqeda okungaphezulu, okusiza abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize izingxenye eziningi ngokuphepha, ngokushesha, nangokusebenzisa imali eningi.
I-WELDER, eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bangempela abenza imikhiqizo esiyisebenzisayo nesisebenza ngayo nsuku zonke. Lo magazini ukhonze umphakathi wokushisela eNyakatho Melika iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
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