Bakin ƙarfe yana zuwa da launuka iri-iri na gama gari. Yana da mahimmanci a san menene waɗannan launuka na gama gari da kuma dalilin da yasa suke da mahimmanci. Sabbin sabbin abubuwa a fasahar gogewa na iya rage matakan aiwatarwa don isar da ƙarewar da ake so, gami da sheƙi mai kyau da ake nema.
Bakin ƙarfe na iya zama da wahala a yi aiki da shi, amma samfurin da aka gama yana ba da ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kamanni kuma yana sa duk aikin ya zama mai daraja. Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa amfani da grit mai kyau a cikin jerin yashi na iya cire tsarin karce na baya da inganta ƙarewa, amma akwai matakai da yawa gabaɗaya da ya kamata a sani lokacin amfani da jerin grit da yawa don cimma ƙarewar da ake so.
Bakin ƙarfe yana zuwa da launuka iri-iri na gama gari. Yana da mahimmanci a san menene waɗannan launuka na gama gari da kuma dalilin da yasa suke da mahimmanci. Sabbin sabbin abubuwa a fasahar gogewa na iya rage matakan aiwatarwa don isar da ƙarewar da ake so, gami da sheƙi mai kyau da ake nema.
Masana'antar Karfe ta Musamman ta Arewacin Amurka (SSINA) ta bayyana matsayin masana'antu da kuma inda samfura ke amfani da lambobin ƙarewa daban-daban.
An yi amfani da na'urar aunawa ta 1. Ana yin wannan aikin gyaran saman ta hanyar birgima (birgima mai zafi) bakin ƙarfe wanda aka dumama kafin birgima. Ba a buƙatar kammalawa sosai, shi ya sa ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai wahala. Kayayyakin da aka fi sani da suna da tabo na farko sune na'urorin dumama iska, akwatunan annealing, baffles na boiler, kayan murhu daban-daban, da injinan iskar gas, da dai sauransu.
Lamba ta 2B ta cika. Wannan saman mai haske da aka naɗe da sanyi yana kama da madubi mai gajimare kuma ba ya buƙatar matakan kammalawa. Sassan da suka yi kama da 2B sun haɗa da kwanoni na duniya, kayan aikin masana'antar sinadarai, kayan yanka, kayan injin niƙa takarda da kayan aikin famfo.
Akwai kuma gamawa ta 2D a rukuni na 2. Wannan gamawa launin toka ne mai kama da na azurfa don naɗaɗɗun na'urori, wanda kaurinsa ya ragu ta hanyar ƙaramin aikin mirgina sanyi saboda galibi ana amfani da shi tare da gamawa ta masana'anta. Ana buƙatar yin pickling ko descaling bayan an yi amfani da zafi don cire chromium. Pickling na iya zama matakin ƙarshe na samarwa don wannan maganin saman. Lokacin da ake buƙatar gamawa mai fenti, ana fifita gamawa ta 2D a matsayin substrate saboda yana ba da kyakkyawan manne fenti.
Lamba ta 3 tana da gajerun layukan gogewa, masu kauri, masu layi ɗaya. Ana samun ta ta hanyar gogewa ta injiniya tare da gogewa mai sauƙi ko kuma ta hanyar raɗa na'urori na musamman waɗanda ke danna alamu a saman, suna kwaikwayon kamannin lalacewa ta injiniya. Kammalawa ce mai haske sosai.
Don gogewa ta injiniya, yawanci ana amfani da grit 50 ko 80 da farko, kuma grit 100 ko 120 yawanci ana amfani da shi don gogewa ta ƙarshe. Tsananin saman yawanci yana da matsakaicin tsana (Ra) na inci 40 ko ƙasa da haka. Idan masana'anta suna buƙatar walda ta haɗaka ko wasu gyare-gyare, layin gogewa da aka samu yawanci ya fi tsayi fiye da samfurin da masana'anta ko injin gogewa suka goge. Mafi yawan amfani da shi a cikin kayan aikin giya, kayan aikin sarrafa abinci, kayan aikin kicin, da kayan aikin kimiyya shine ƙarshen lamba 3.
Kammalawa ta 4 ita ce ta fi yawa kuma ana amfani da ita a masana'antar kayan aiki da abinci. Kamanninsa yana bayyana ne ta hanyar gajerun layukan da aka goge a layi ɗaya waɗanda suka miƙe daidai gwargwado tare da tsawon na'urar. Ana samunsa ta hanyar gogewa ta hanyar injiniya mai lamba 3 tare da gogewa mai sauƙi. Dangane da buƙatun aikace-aikacen, ƙarewar ƙarshe na iya kasancewa tsakanin grit 120 da 320. Girman da ya fi girma yana samar da layukan da aka goge da kyau da kuma ƙarewa mai haske.
Rashin kyawun saman yawanci Ra 25 µin ko ƙasa da haka. Ana amfani da wannan ƙarewar sosai a cikin kayan aikin gidan abinci da kicin, shagunan sayar da kayayyaki, sarrafa abinci da kayan kiwo. Kamar yadda yake a cikin Finish No. 3, idan mai aiki yana buƙatar haɗa walda ko yin wasu taɓawa na ƙarewa, layin da aka goge da aka samu yawanci ya fi tsayi fiye da layin da ke kan samfurin da masana'anta ko injin gogewa suka goge. Sauran wuraren da aka sami Finish 4 sun haɗa da tirelolin tankin hanya, saman asibiti da kayan aiki, kayan aiki ko bangarorin sarrafawa, da na'urorin rarraba ruwa.
Lamba ta 3 tana da gajerun layukan gogewa, masu kauri, masu layi ɗaya. Ana samun ta ta hanyar gogewa ta injiniya tare da gogewa mai sauƙi ko kuma ta hanyar raɗa na'urori na musamman waɗanda ke danna alamu a saman, suna kwaikwayon kamannin lalacewa ta injiniya. Kammalawa ce mai haske sosai.
Kammalawa Mai Lamba 7 yana da haske sosai kuma yana da kamannin madubi. An goge shi zuwa grit mai girman 320 kuma an goge shi da kyau mai lamba 7 sau da yawa ana iya samunsa a cikin murfin ginshiƙi, kayan ado na ado da kuma bangon bango.
An sami ci gaba mai yawa a fannin goge-goge da ake amfani da su don cimma waɗannan kammala saman, wanda ke taimaka wa masana'antun samar da ƙarin sassa cikin aminci, da sauri, da kuma farashi mai kyau. Sabbin ma'adanai, zare masu ƙarfi da tsarin resin hana gurɓatawa suna taimakawa wajen inganta tsarin kammalawa.
Waɗannan goge-goge suna ba da yankewa da sauri, tsawon rai, kuma suna rage yawan matakan da ake buƙata don kammala aikin. Misali, labule mai ƙananan fasa a cikin ƙwayoyin yumbu yana tsawaita rayuwarsa a hankali kuma yana ba da kammalawa daidai gwargwado.
Bugu da ƙari, fasahohin da suka yi kama da na abrasives masu tarin yawa suna da barbashi waɗanda ke haɗuwa don yankewa da sauri da kuma samar da kyakkyawan ƙarewa. Yana buƙatar ƙananan matakai da ƙarancin kayan abrasive don yin aikin, kuma yawancin masu aiki suna ganin ingantaccen aiki da tanadin kuɗi.
Michael Radaelli is Product Manager at Norton|Saint-Gobain Abrasives, 1 New Bond St., Worcester, MA 01606, 508-795-5000, michael.a.radaelli@saint-gobain.com, www.nortonabrasives.com.
Ana ƙalubalantar masana'antun su kammala kusurwoyi da radius na sassan bakin ƙarfe. Domin haɗa wuraren walda masu wahalar isa da kuma samar da su, yana da matakai biyar waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙafafun niƙa, murabba'i mai murabba'i mai grits da yawa, da kuma ƙafafun niƙa iri ɗaya.
Da farko, masu aiki suna amfani da keken niƙa don yin karce mai zurfi a kan waɗannan sassan ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe. Tayoyin niƙa gabaɗaya sun fi tauri kuma ba su da gafara, wanda hakan ke sanya mai aiki cikin matsala a farkon. Matakin niƙa ya ɗauki lokaci kuma har yanzu yana barin karce waɗanda dole ne a cire su ta hanyar ƙarin matakai uku na kammala kushin na girman hatsi daban-daban. Wannan matakin yana biyo baya da amfani da ƙafafun iri ɗaya don cimma kammala saman da ake so.
Ta hanyar canza ƙafafun niƙa zuwa ƙafafun yumbu, mai aikin ya sami damar kammala gogewa a matakin farko. Tare da kiyaye jerin grit iri ɗaya kamar yadda yake a mataki na biyu, mai aikin ya maye gurbin murabba'in kusurwoyi da ƙafafun flap, yana inganta lokaci da ƙarewa.
Cire faifan murabba'i mai girman grit 80 da maye gurbinsa da mandrel mara saƙa da ƙwayoyin da aka haɗa sannan kuma mandrel mara saƙa mai girman grit 220 yana bawa mai aiki damar samar da sheƙi da gamawa gabaɗaya kuma yana kawar da buƙatar Mataki na ƙarshe shine tsarin asali (yi amfani da ƙafafun haɗin kai don rufe matakin).
Godiya ga ci gaban da aka samu a tayoyin flapper da fasahar da ba a saka ba, an rage yawan matakai daga biyar zuwa hudu, wanda hakan ke rage lokacin kammalawa da kashi 40% kuma yana rage farashin aiki da kayayyaki.
An samu ci gaba mai yawa a fannin goge-goge da ake amfani da su don cimma waɗannan kammalawar saman, wanda ke taimaka wa masana'antun samar da ƙarin sassa cikin aminci, da sauri, da kuma farashi mai kyau.
WELDER, wacce a da ake kira Practical Welding Today, tana nuna ainihin mutanen da ke yin kayayyakin da muke amfani da su da kuma waɗanda muke aiki da su kowace rana. Wannan mujallar ta yi wa al'ummar walda hidima a Arewacin Amurka tsawon sama da shekaru 20.
Yanzu da cikakken damar shiga bugu na dijital na The FABRICATOR, samun damar samun albarkatun masana'antu masu mahimmanci cikin sauƙi.
Bugun dijital na Jaridar The Tube & Pipe yanzu ya zama cikakke, wanda ke ba da damar samun albarkatu masu mahimmanci a masana'antu cikin sauƙi.
Ji daɗin cikakken damar shiga bugu na dijital na STAMPING Journal, wanda ke ba da sabbin ci gaban fasaha, mafi kyawun ayyuka da labaran masana'antu don kasuwar tambarin ƙarfe.
Ji daɗin cikakken damar shiga bugu na dijital na Rahoton Ƙara don koyon yadda ake amfani da masana'antar ƙari don inganta ingancin aiki da ƙara riba.
Yanzu da cikakken damar shiga bugu na dijital na The Fabricator en Spanish, samun damar samun albarkatun masana'antu masu mahimmanci cikin sauƙi.