Intsimbi engagqwaliyo iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqibezela. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zeziphi ezi zinto ziqhelekileyo kunye nokuba kutheni zibalulekile. Izinto ezintsha zamva nje kwitekhnoloji yokurhawuzelela zinokunciphisa amanyathelo enkqubo yokufezekisa ukugqitywa okufunekayo, kubandakanya nokukhanya komphezulu okufunwayo.
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo inokuba nzima ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa imveliso egqityiweyo inembonakalo entle kakhulu kwaye yenza wonke umsebenzi ube luncedo. Kuyavunywa ngokubanzi ukuba ukusebenzisa igrit ecolekileyo kulandelelwano lokusantisa kunokususa iipatheni zokukrwela zangaphambili kwaye kuphucule ukugqitywa, kodwa kukho amanyathelo amaninzi ekufuneka uwaqaphele xa usebenzisa ulandelelwano oluninzi lwegrit ukuze ufezekise ukugqitywa okufunekayo.
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqibezela. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zeziphi ezi zinto ziqhelekileyo kunye nokuba kutheni zibalulekile. Izinto ezintsha zamva nje kwitekhnoloji yokurhawuzelela zinokunciphisa amanyathelo enkqubo yokufezekisa ukugqitywa okufunekayo, kubandakanya nokukhanya komphezulu okufunwayo.
I-Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA) ichaza imigangatho yoshishino kunye nalapho iimveliso zisebenzisa amanani ahlukeneyo okugqiba.
Inombolo 1 sele yenziwe. Olu nyango lomphezulu lwenziwa ngentsimbi engatyiwayo eqengqwayo (eshushu eqengqwayo) efudunyezwe ngaphambi kokuba iqengqwe. Akukho kugqitywa kuninzi, yiyo loo nto ithathwa njengerhabaxa. Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo ezineendawo zokuqala zii-air heaters, ii-annealing box, ii-boiler baffles, ii-furnace components ezahlukeneyo, kunye nee-gas turbines, ukubala ezimbalwa.
Inombolo 2B igqityiwe. Lo mphezulu uqaqambileyo oqengqelekayo ufana nesibuko esinamafu kwaye awufuni manyathelo okugqiba. Iindawo ezinesiphelo se-2B ziquka iipani ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo zezityalo zeekhemikhali, izixhobo zokusika, izixhobo zokugaya amaphepha kunye nezixhobo zokufaka amanzi.
Kukwakho nokugqitywa kwe-2D kudidi lwesi-2. Olu kugqitywa lungwevu olufana nolwesilivere, olungenambala kwi-coils ezincinci, ubukhulu balo buncitshiswe yinkqubo yokugqiba ebandayo njengoko idla ngokusetyenziswa xa kugqitywa efektri. Ukucoca okanye ukususa iiscali kuyafuneka emva konyango lobushushu ukuze kususwe i-chromium. Ukucoca kunokuba linyathelo lokugqibela lokuvelisa olu nyango lomphezulu. Xa kufuneka ukugqitywa okupeyintiweyo, ukugqitywa kwe-2D kukhethwa njengesiseko kuba kunika ukunamathela okuhle kwepeyinti.
Inombolo yesiPolishi yesi-3 iphawulwa ngemigca emifutshane, etyebileyo, ehambelanayo yokupolisha. Ifunyanwa ngokupolisha ngoomatshini ngee-abrasives ezincinci okanye ngokudlulisa iikhoyili kwiirola ezikhethekileyo ezicinezela iipateni kumphezulu, zilinganisa ukubonakala kokuguguleka koomatshini. Isiphelo esikhanyayo ngokuphakathi.
Xa kusenziwa i-mechanical polishing, kusetyenziswa i-grit engama-50 okanye engama-80 ekuqaleni, kwaye i-grit eyi-100 okanye eyi-120 isetyenziswa xa kusenziwa i-polishing yokugqibela. Uburhabaxa bomphezulu budla ngokuba noburhabaxa obuphakathi (Ra) obuyi-40 microintshi okanye ngaphantsi. Ukuba umenzi ufuna i-fusion welds okanye ezinye iindlela zokucheba, umgca wokupolisha ophumayo uhlala umde kunemveliso epholishwe ngumenzi okanye yi-roll polisher. Eyona ixhaphakileyo kwizixhobo zebhiya, izixhobo zokulungisa ukutya, izixhobo zasekhitshini, kunye nezixhobo zesayensi yi-No. 3 finish.
Ukugqitywa kwenombolo 4 yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso yezixhobo kunye nokutya. Inkangeleko yayo ibonakaliswa yimigca emifutshane epholisiweyo ejikelezayo ngokulinganayo kubude bekhoyili. Ifunyanwa ngokupholishwa ngoomatshini kokugqitywa kwenombolo 3 kunye ne-abrasives ecolekileyo ngokuthe chu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesicelo, ukugqitywa kokugqibela kunokuba phakathi kwe-120 kunye ne-320 grit. Ukugqitywa okuphezulu kuvelisa imigca epholisiweyo ecolekileyo kunye nokugqitywa okukhanyayo ngakumbi.
Uburhabaxa bomphezulu budla ngokuba yi-Ra 25 µin okanye ngaphantsi. Olu gqibo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokutyela nekhitshi, kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla, ekulungisweni kokutya nakwizixhobo zobisi. NjengakwiFinish No. 3, ukuba umqhubi kufuneka adibanise ii-welds okanye enze ezinye izinto zokugqiba, umgca opholisiweyo ophumayo uhlala umde kunomgca kwimveliso epholisiweyo ngumvelisi okanye i-roll polisher. Ezinye iindawo apho iFinish 4 ifumaneka khona ziquka iitreyila zetanki zendlela, iindawo zesibhedlele kunye nezixhobo, izixhobo okanye iiphaneli zolawulo, kunye nezisasazi zamanzi.
Inombolo yesiPolishi yesi-3 iphawulwa ngemigca emifutshane, etyebileyo, ehambelanayo yokupolisha. Ifunyanwa ngokupolisha ngoomatshini ngee-abrasives ezincinci okanye ngokudlulisa iikhoyili kwiirola ezikhethekileyo ezicinezela iipateni kumphezulu, zilinganisa ukubonakala kokuguguleka koomatshini. Isiphelo esikhanyayo ngokuphakathi.
Isiphelo senombolo 7 sikhanya kakhulu kwaye sibonakala ngathi sisipili. Ipeyintwe yaya kuma-320 grit kwaye isiphelo senombolo 7 sipeyintwe rhoqo sinokufumaneka kwiikholamu, imihlobiso yokuhombisa kunye neepaneli zodonga.
Kubekho inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo zokurhawuzelela ezisetyenziswayo ukufezekisa ezi zinto zigqityiweyo kumphezulu, nto leyo enceda abavelisi ukuba bavelise iindawo ezininzi ngokukhuselekileyo, ngokukhawuleza, nangokungabizi kakhulu. Iiminerali ezintsha, iifayibha eziqinileyo kunye neenkqubo ze-resin ezithintela ukungcola zinceda ukuphucula inkqubo yokugqiba.
Ezi zinto zokurhawuzelela zibonelela ngokusika okukhawulezayo, ubomi obude, kwaye zinciphisa inani lamanyathelo afunekayo ukuze umsebenzi ugqitywe. Umzekelo, i-flap ene-microcracks kwiinxalenye ze-ceramic yandisa ubomi bayo ngesantya esicothayo kwaye inika ukugqitywa okulinganayo.
Ukongeza, iitekhnoloji ezifana ne-abrasives ezihlanganisiweyo zinee-particles ezidibanayo ukuze zisike ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibonelele ngokugqitywa okungcono. Kufuna amanyathelo ambalwa kunye ne-inventory encinci ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi, kwaye uninzi lwabaqhubi lubona ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokonga iindleko.
Michael Radaelli is Product Manager at Norton|Saint-Gobain Abrasives, 1 New Bond St., Worcester, MA 01606, 508-795-5000, michael.a.radaelli@saint-gobain.com, www.nortonabrasives.com.
Abavelisi bacelwa umngeni wokugqiba iikona kunye nemitha yeenxalenye zentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Ukudibanisa ii-welds ezinzima ukufikelela kunye neendawo zokwenza, inenkqubo enamanyathelo amahlanu efuna ivili lokusila, iphedi yesikwere yeegrits ezininzi, kunye nevili lokusila elifanayo.
Okokuqala, abaqhubi basebenzisa ivili lokusila ukwenza imikrwelo enzulu kwezi zinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Amavili okusila ngokubanzi aqinile kwaye awaxoleli kangako, nto leyo ebeka umqhubi kwimeko embi ekuqaleni. Inyathelo lokusila lalithatha ixesha elide kwaye kusashiyeke imikrwelo eyayifuneka isuswe ngamanyathelo amathathu ongezelelweyo okugqiba iphedi yobukhulu obahlukeneyo bengqolowa. Eli nyathelo lilandelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamavili afanayo ukuze kufunyanwe ukugqitywa komphezulu okufunekayo.
Ngokutshintsha ivili lokusila libe yivili le-ceramic lobe, umqhubi wakwazi ukugqiba ukupolisha kwinqanaba lokuqala. Egcina ulandelelwano olufanayo lolwe-grit njengakwinqanaba lesibini, umqhubi watshintsha ii-square pads ngevili le-flap, nto leyo eyaphucula ixesha kunye nokugqitywa.
Ukususa i-80-grit square pad uze uyitshintshe nge-non-woven mandrel enee-agglomerated particles kulandele i-220-grit non-woven mandrel kuvumela umqhubi ukuba avelise ukukhanya okufunekayo kunye nokugqitywa ngokubanzi kwaye kususa imfuneko ye-Inyathelo lokugqibela yinkqubo yokuqala (sebenzisa i-unit wheel ukuvala inyathelo).
Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwamavili e-flapper kunye netekhnoloji engalukwanga, inani lamanyathelo liye lehliswa ukusuka kwisihlanu ukuya kwisine, nto leyo enciphisa ixesha lokugqiba ngama-40% kwaye igcina iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nemveliso.
Kubekho inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo zokurhawuzelela ezisetyenziswayo ukufezekisa ezi zinto zigqityiweyo kumphezulu, nto leyo enceda abavelisi ukuba bavelise iindawo ezininzi ngokukhuselekileyo, ngokukhawuleza, nangokungabizi kakhulu.
I-WELDER, eyayisakuba yi-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bokwenyani abenza iimveliso esizisebenzisayo nesisebenza nazo yonke imihla. Le magazini ikhonze uluntu oludibanisa iintsimbi eMntla Melika kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20.
Ngoku ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufikelela lula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lweThe Tube & Pipe Journal ngoku lufikeleleka ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo enika ukufikelela lula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino.
Yonwabela ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STAMPING Journal, olubonelela ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamva nje, iindlela ezilungileyo kunye neendaba zoshishino kwimarike yokunyathela isinyithi.
Yonwabela ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kuhlelo lwedijithali lweNgxelo yoNcedo ukuze ufunde indlela ukwenziwa kwezinto ezongezelelekileyo okunokusetyenziswa ngayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwandisa inzuzo.
Ngoku ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español, ukufikelela lula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino.