Ibyuma bitaza umutako biza mu buryo butandukanye busanzwe. Ni ngombwa kumenya ibyo bintu bisanzwe n'impamvu ari ingenzi. Udushya dushya mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurura ibintu bishobora kugabanya intambwe zo gukora kugira ngo bigere ku iherezo ryifuzwa, harimo n'urumuri rw'ubuso rushakwa.
Ibyuma bitazangiza bishobora kugorana gukorana nabyo, ariko ibikoresho byarangiye bitanga ubwiza bwiza kandi bigatuma akazi kose gahabwa agaciro. Muri rusange byemewe ko gukoresha grit nziza mu buryo bwo gusya bishobora gukuraho imiterere yabanje yo gushwanyaguza no kunoza irangi, ariko hari intambwe nyinshi muri rusange ugomba kumenya mugihe ukoresha grit nyinshi kugira ngo ugere ku irangi wifuza.
Ibyuma bitaza umutako biza mu buryo butandukanye busanzwe. Ni ngombwa kumenya ibyo bintu bisanzwe n'impamvu ari ingenzi. Udushya dushya mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurura ibintu bishobora kugabanya intambwe zo gukora kugira ngo bigere ku iherezo ryifuzwa, harimo n'urumuri rw'ubuso rushakwa.
Isosiyete y’inganda zikora ibikoresho by’icyuma byihariye muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru (SSINA) isobanura amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda n’aho ibicuruzwa bikoresha imibare itandukanye yo kurangiza.
Nomero ya 1 irarangiye. Ubu buryo bwo gutunganya ubuso bukorwa hakoreshejwe icyuma kidashyuha cyashyushye mbere yo kugiteka. Nta kurangiza bihagije, niyo mpamvu gifatwa nk'aho giteye ubwoba. Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bifite umwanya wa mbere ni ibyuma bishyushya umwuka, udusanduku two gushyushya, amabati yo gushyushya, ibice bitandukanye by'ifuru, na turbine za gaze, n'ibindi bike.
Nomero ya 2B yuzuye. Ubu buso bukonje bumeze nk'indorerwamo y'ibicu kandi ntibusaba intambwe zo kurangiza. Ibice bifite umucyo wa 2B birimo amasafuriya yose, ibikoresho by'imiti, ibikoresho byo guteka, ibikoresho byo gusya impapuro n'ibikoresho by'amazi.
Hariho kandi irangi rya 2D mu cyiciro cya 2. Iri rangi ni ibara ry'umweru rya silver grey ringana, ridafite ibara ry'umweru ku migozi yoroheje, ubunini bwaryo bwagabanutse bitewe n'uburyo bwo kurangiza buhoro buhoro kuko akenshi rikoreshwa n'irangi ry'uruganda. Gukuraho cyangwa gukuraho uburebure birakenewe nyuma yo gushyushya kugira ngo chromium ikureho. Gukuraho uburebure bishobora kuba intambwe ya nyuma yo gukora ubu buryo bwo gutunganya ubuso. Iyo hakenewe irangi, irangi rya 2D ni ryo rikundwa nk'iry'ibanze kuko ritanga uburyo bwiza bwo gufata irangi.
Polish No. 3 irangwa n'imirongo migufi, minini kandi ihanagura neza. Iboneka binyuze mu gusiga irangi rya mashini hakoreshejwe uduce duto tworoshye cyangwa binyuze mu kunyuza imigozi idasanzwe ikanda imiterere mu buso, biganisha ku kuntu imashini isa n'iyangiritse. Ni umucyo ugaragara neza mu rugero.
Ku isukura rya mashini, hakoreshwa grit 50 cyangwa 80 mbere, naho grit 100 cyangwa 120 zikoreshwa mu isukura rya nyuma. Ubushyuhe bw'ubuso busanzwe bufite ubushyuhe busanzwe (Ra) bwa micro-inches 40 cyangwa munsi yabwo. Niba uruganda rusaba imashini zivanze cyangwa izindi mashini zigabanya ubushyuhe, umurongo wo gusiga uvamo ubusanzwe uba muremure kurusha ibicuruzwa byatunganyijwe n'uruganda cyangwa icyuma gisukura imigozi. Ikintu gikunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho by'inzoga, ibikoresho bitunganya ibiribwa, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, n'ibikoresho bya siyansi ni isuku ya No. 3.
Irangi rya 4 ni ryo rikunze gukoreshwa cyane kandi rikoreshwa mu nganda z'ibikoresho n'ibiribwa. Isura yaryo irangwa n'imirongo migufi irabagirana igenda ingana ku burebure bwa coil. Iboneka binyuze mu gusiga irangi rya 3 hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga hamwe n'udupira duto duto. Bitewe n'ibisabwa gukoreshwa, irangi rya nyuma rishobora kuba hagati ya 120 na 320. Irangi rinini ritanga imirongo myiza irabagirana kandi irabagirana cyane.
Ubuso busanzwe bungana na µ25 cyangwa munsi yabwo. Iyi fraction ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya resitora n'ibikoni, mu maduka, mu gutunganya ibiribwa no mu bikoresho by'amata. Nkuko bimeze ku irangizwa rya No. 3, iyo umukozi akeneye guhuza ubushuhe cyangwa gukora ibindi bikorwa byo kurangiza, umurongo utunganyijwe uba muremure kurusha umurongo uri ku gicuruzwa cyatunganyijwe n'uruganda cyangwa icyuma gisukura imigozi. Ahandi hantu irangizwa rya 4 riboneka harimo amato y'ibigega by'umuhanda, ubuso bw'ibitaro n'ibikoresho, ibikoresho cyangwa ibyuma bigenzura, n'ibikoresho bitanga amazi.
Polish No. 3 irangwa n'imirongo migufi, minini kandi ihanagura neza. Iboneka binyuze mu gusiga irangi rya mashini hakoreshejwe uduce duto tworoshye cyangwa binyuze mu kunyuza imigozi idasanzwe ikanda imiterere mu buso, biganisha ku kuntu imashini isa n'iyangiritse. Ni umucyo ugaragara neza mu rugero.
Irangi rya 7 rirabagirana cyane kandi rifite ishusho isa n'iy'indorerwamo. Irangi rya 320 risa n'irya 7 risesuye rikunze kuboneka mu mipfundikizo y'inkingi, imitako y'imitako n'ibice by'inkuta.
Habayeho iterambere rikomeye mu gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusya byakoreshejwe kugira ngo bigere kuri ubu buryo bwo kurangiza ubuso, bifasha abakora ibikoresho gukora ibice byinshi mu buryo bwizewe, bwihuse kandi buhendutse. Amabuye mashya y'agaciro, imigozi ikomeye n'uburyo bwo kurwanya imyuka mibi bifasha kunoza inzira yo kurangiza.
Izi mashini zigabanya vuba, ziramba, kandi zigabanya intambwe zikenewe kugira ngo akazi karangire. Urugero, agace gato k'icyuma gafite uduce duto tw'ibumba kongera igihe cyako ku muvuduko muto kandi gatanga umusozo uhoraho.
Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga risa n'iry'ibikoresho byo gukurura ibintu byose hamwe rifite uduce dufatana kugira ngo tugabanye vuba kandi dutange umusozo mwiza. Bisaba intambwe nke n'ububiko budakomeye kugira ngo akazi gakorwe, kandi abakora akazi benshi babona ko gukora neza no kuzigama amafaranga.
Michael Radaelli is Product Manager at Norton|Saint-Gobain Abrasives, 1 New Bond St., Worcester, MA 01606, 508-795-5000, michael.a.radaelli@saint-gobain.com, www.nortonabrasives.com.
Abakora ibikoresho basabwa kurangiza impande n'imirongo y'ibice by'icyuma kitagira umugese. Kugira ngo ivange ibikoresho bigoye kugeramo no gukora ahantu hatandukanye, ifite inzira y'intambwe eshanu isaba uruziga rwo gusya, igice cy'urukiramende gifite ingano nyinshi, n'uruziga rwo gusya rumwe.
Ubwa mbere, abakoresha bakoresha ipine isya kugira ngo bakore imikufi miremire kuri ibyo bice by'icyuma kitagira umugozi. Imikufi isya muri rusange irakomera kandi ntigira ingaruka mbi, bigatuma uyikoresha aba mu kaga mu ntangiriro. Intambwe yo gusya yatwaraga igihe kinini kandi yasize imikufi yagombaga gukurwaho n'intambwe eshatu z'inyongera zo kurangiza ipine zitandukanye. Iyi ntambwe ikurikirwa n'ikoreshwa ry'amapine amwe kugira ngo bagere ku buso bwifuzwa.
Mu guhindura urunigi rwo gusya rugakora urunigi rwa keramike, umukozi yashoboye kurangiza gutunganya mu ntambwe ya mbere. Akomeza gukora urukurikirane rw'imigozi nk'uko byari bimeze mu ntambwe ya kabiri, umukozi yasimbuje urunigi rwa kare n'urundi runini, bituma igihe n'irangira birushaho kuba byiza.
Gukuraho agace kare k'ibumba gafite grit 80 ugasimbuza agace kadafunze gafite uduce twakusanyije hanyuma hagakurikiraho agace kadafunze gafite grit 220 gatuma umukozi akora urumuri rwifuzwa n'umusozo rusange kandi bigakuraho ikibazo cyo gukenera Intambwe ya nyuma ni inzira y'umwimerere (koresha urunigi rw'ibumba kugirango ufunge intambwe).
Kubera iterambere ryatewe n’amapine ya flapper n’ikoranabuhanga ritari iryaboshye, umubare w’intambwe wagabanutse uva kuri eshanu ugera kuri enye, ibi bikaba bigabanya igihe cyo kurangiza ku kigero cya 40% kandi bigatuza ikiguzi cy’abakozi n’ibicuruzwa.
Habayeho iterambere rikomeye mu gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukubagura byakoreshejwe kugira ngo bigere kuri ubu buryo bwo kurangiza ubuso, bifasha abakora ibikoresho gukora ibice byinshi mu mutekano, vuba kandi mu buryo buhendutse.
WELDER, yahoze ari Practical Welding Today, yerekana abantu nyakuri bakora ibikoresho dukoresha kandi dukorana na bo buri munsi. Iki kinyamakuru kimaze imyaka irenga 20 gikorera umuryango w’abasudira muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
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