Irayisi.3. Isixhobo esinye, esondliwa ngekomityi, isixhobo sokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza esigcinwe kwikhabhinethi ekhohlo silawula ukuqhelaniswa nokwahlulwa kwezixhobo (ukuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokubeka).Ikhabhinethi elungileyo ibamba ii-anvils ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-shuttles.
URon Boggs, ukuthengisa kunye nomphathi wenkonzo ye-Haeger North America, uyaqhubeka efumana iifowuni ezifanayo ezivela kubavelisi ngexesha lokuchacha kwindyikityha ka-2021.
“Babesoloko besixelela ukuba, ‘Heyi, siphosa iziqhoboshi,’ utshilo uBoggs."Kwavela ukuba oku kungenxa yomba wabasebenzi."Xa imizi-mveliso iqesha abasebenzi abatsha, yayidla ngokubeka abantu abangenamava nabangenabuchule phambi koomatshini bokufaka izixhobo zokusebenza.Ngamanye amaxesha bayayiphosa i-clasps, ngamanye amaxesha bafaka ii-clasps ezingalunganga.Umxhasi ubuyisela kwaye agqibezele izicwangciso.
Kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukufakwa kwe-hardware kubonakala kukusetyenziswa okuvuthiweyo kweerobhothi.Ekugqibeleni, isityalo sinokubetha ngokupheleleyo kwaye senze i-automation, kubandakanya ii-turrets, ukususwa kwenxalenye, kunye nokugoba kwerobhothi.Zonke ezi teknoloji ke zikhonza inxalenye enkulu yecandelo lofakelo lwezandla.Ngayo yonke le nto engqondweni, kutheni ungabeki irobhothi phambi komatshini wokufaka izixhobo?
Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, uBoggs usebenze ngeefektri ezininzi usebenzisa izixhobo zokufaka iirobhothi.Ngoku kutshanje, yena kunye neqela lakhe, kuquka i-Haeger Chief Engineer Sander van de Bor, baye basebenza ukwenza kube lula ukudibanisa i-cobots kunye nenkqubo yokufaka (jonga uMzobo 1).
Nangona kunjalo, zombini iiBoggs kunye neVanderBose zigxininisa ukuba ukugxila kuphela kwirobhothi ngamanye amaxesha kunokuhoya ingxaki enkulu yokufaka i-hardware.Imisebenzi yokufakela ethembekileyo, ezenzekelayo kunye neguquguqukayo ifuna iibhloko ezininzi zokwakha, kubandakanywa ukuhambelana kwenkqubo kunye nokuguquguquka.
Ixhego lafa kabuhlungu.Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa esi saci kumatshini wokushicilela we-punch, kodwa siyasebenza nakucinezelo abanezixhobo zokondla ngesandla, ikakhulu ngenxa yokulula.Umsebenzisi ubeka iziqhoboshi kunye namalungu kwinkxaso esezantsi phambi kokuba azifake ngesandla kushicilelo.Wacofa i-pedal.Umbhobhozo uyehla, uqhagamshelane nomsebenzi kwaye wenze uxinzelelo lokufaka isixhobo.Ilula kakhulu – de kubekho into engahambi kakuhle, kunjalo.
“Ukuba umqhubi akahoyi, isixhobo siyakuwa kwaye sichukumise icwecwe ngaphandle kokufaka uxinzelelo,” utshilo uvan de Bor.Kutheni, yintoni kanye kanye?"Izixhobo ezidala azizange zibe nempendulo ngempazamo kwaye umqhubi akazi nyani ngayo."Umqhubi wayengenakukwazi ukugcina unyawo lwakhe kwiipedali ngexesha lomjikelezo wonke, oko ke, kunokukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yokukhusela yokushicilela."Isixhobo esiphezulu sinee-volts ezintandathu, isixhobo esisezantsi sibekwe phantsi, kwaye umshicileli kufuneka aqonde ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuba wakhe uxinzelelo."
Izitshixo ezidala zokufakela nazo zinento ebizwa ngokuba yi "tonnage window", eluhlu lweengcinezelo apho izixhobo zingafakwa ngokuchanekileyo.Oomatshini bokushicilela bale mihla basenokuvakalelwa kukuba olu xinzelelo luphantsi okanye luphakame kakhulu.Ngenxa yokuba oomatshini bokushicilela abadala abanayo ifestile yeetoni, uBoggs wachaza, abaqhubi ngamanye amaxesha bahlengahlengisa uxinzelelo ngokulungisa ivalve ukulungisa ingxaki.“Ezinye iingoma ziphezulu kakhulu kwaye ezinye ziphantsi kakhulu,” utshilo uBoggs.“Uhlengahlengiso olwenziwa ngesandla luvula ukuguquguquka okuninzi.Ukuba iphantsi kakhulu, ufake ihardware ngendlela engalunganga.”"Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokuphazamisa inxalenye okanye isiqhoboshi ngokwayo."
“Oomatshini abadala nabo babengenazo iimitha,” wongeza uvan de Boer, “nto leyo eyayinokubangela ukuba abo basebenza nabo baphulukane neziqhoboshi.”
Ukufaka i-hardware ngesandla kunokubonakala kulula, kodwa inkqubo kunzima ukuyilungisa.Ukwenza izinto zibe zibi nakakhulu, ukusebenza kwe-hardware kaninzi kwenzeka kamva kwikhonkco lexabiso, emva kokuba i-gap izaliswe kwaye yenziwe.Iingxaki zezixhobo zinokwenza umonakalo kwi-powder coating kunye nendibano, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yokuba umqhubi onenkathalo kunye nokhutheleyo wenza iimpazamo ezincinci ezijika zibe yintloko.
Umzobo 1. I-cobot ibonisa inxalenye ngokufaka izixhobo kwi-press, enezitya ezine kunye ne-shuttles ezine ezizimeleyo ezondla izixhobo kwi-press.Umfanekiso: Hagrid
Kule minyaka, iteknoloji yokufaka i-hardware iye yasombulula ezi ntloko ngokuchonga nokuphelisa le mithombo yokuguquguquka.Izixhobo zokufakela akufuneki zibe ngumthombo weengxaki ezininzi ngenxa yokuba zilahlekelwa yinto ethile ekugxilwe kuyo ekupheleni kokutshintsha kwazo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala kwi-automating fitting installing, isitya sokutya (jonga umzobo we-2), kuphelisa inxalenye enzima kakhulu yenkqubo: ukubamba ngesandla kunye nokubeka izixhobo kwi-workpiece.Kulungiselelo lwesondlo oluphezulu lwemveli, umshicileli wekomityi yokutya uthumela izibophelelo phantsi kwi-shuttle esondla i-hardware kwisixhobo esiphezulu.Umsebenzisi ubeka i-workpiece kwisixhobo esisezantsi (i-anvil) kwaye ucinezele i-pedal.I-punch ithotywe kusetyenziswa uxinzelelo lwe-vacuum ukuphakamisa i-hardware ngaphandle kwe-shuttle, ukuzisa i-hardware kufuphi ne-workpiece.Umshicileli usebenzisa uxinzelelo kwaye umjikelo ugqityiwe.
Kubonakala kulula, kodwa ukuba ugrumba nzulu, unokufumana ubunzima obufihlakeleyo.Okokuqala, izixhobo kufuneka zifakwe kwindawo yokusebenzela ngendlela elawulwayo.Kulapho isixhobo se-bootstrap siza kudlala.Isixhobo sinamacandelo amabini.Omnye ozinikele ekumiseni uqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo eziphuma kwisitya zibekwe ngokuchanekileyo.Enye iqinisekisa ulwahlulo olufanelekileyo, ulungelelwaniso kunye nokubekwa kwezixhobo.Ukusuka apho, izixhobo zihamba ngombhobho ukuya kwi-shuttle esondla izixhobo kwisixhobo esiphezulu.
Nantsi ingxaki: Izixhobo ezizenzekelayo-izixhobo zokuqhelanisa kunye nokwahlula, kunye neeshuttles-kufuneka zitshintshwe kwaye zigcinwe ngendlela yokusebenza ngalo lonke ixesha isixhobo sitshintshwa.Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hardware zichaphazela indlela enikezela ngayo amandla kwindawo yokusebenza, ngoko ke izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ze-hardware ziyinyani kwaye azinakuyilwa ngaphandle kwe-equation.
Ekubeni umqhubi phambi komshicileli wendebe akasayi kuchitha ixesha lokuthabatha (mhlawumbi ukuhla) kunye nokumisela izixhobo, ixesha phakathi kokufaka liyancipha kakhulu.Kodwa ngazo zonke ezi zixhobo zikhethekileyo, isitya sokutya songeza amandla okuguqula.Izixhobo zokuziqinisa nuts 832 ayifanelekanga nuts 632.
Ukutshintsha isitya esidala sesitya esinamacandelo amabini, umqhubi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba isixhobo sokuqhelanisa silungelelaniswe kakuhle nesixhobo sokucalula.“Kwafuneka bajonge ukungcangcazela kwesitya, ixesha lomoya kunye nokubekwa kombhobho,” utshilo uBoggs.“Kufuneka bajonge isiphekepheke kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwevacuum.Ngamafutshane, umqhubi kufuneka ajonge ulungelelwaniso oluninzi ukuze aqinisekise ukuba isixhobo sisebenza njengoko kufanelekile. ”
Abaqhubi besinyithi seshiti bahlala beneemfuno ezizodwa zezixhobo ezinokuthi zibangelwa yimiba yokufikelela (ukufaka izixhobo kwiindawo ezixineneyo), izixhobo ezingaqhelekanga, okanye zombini.Olu hlobo lofakelo lusebenzisa isixhobo esilungiselelwe ngokukodwa isiqwenga esinye.Ngokusekwe koku, utshilo u-Boggs, isixhobo somatshini wokushicilela wekomityi eqhelekileyo saphuhliswa ekugqibeleni.Isixhobo siqulethe i-orientation kunye nezinto zokukhetha (jonga umfanekiso 3).
“Yenzelwe ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza,” utshilo uvan de Boer."Zonke iiparamitha zolawulo, kubandakanya umoya kunye nokungcangcazela, ixesha kunye nayo yonke enye into, zilawulwa yikhompyuter, ngoko ke umqhubi akafuneki ukuba enze utshintsho okanye uhlengahlengiso."
Ngoncedo lweedowels, yonke into ihlala kumgca omnye (jonga umzobo 4).“Umsebenzi akanyanzelekanga ukuba azikhathaze ngolungelelwaniso xa eguqula.Ihlala iphantsi kuba yonke into ivaleleke endaweni,” utshilo uBoggs."Izixhobo zixhaphakile."
Xa umqhubi ebeka iphepha kumatshini wokushicilela wehardware, bavala imingxuma ngeanvil eyenzelwe ukusebenza ngezibophelelo ezinobubanzi obuthile.Inyaniso yokuba iidayimitha ezintsha zifuna izixhobo ezitsha ze-anvil ikhokelele kwimveliso enzima kakhulu kwiminyaka.
Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wefektri eneteknoloji yokusika kunye nokugoba yamva nje, utshintsho oluzenzekelayo oluzenzekelayo, iibhetshi ezincinci okanye imveliso epheleleyo.Inxalenye ke ingena kwi-hardware efakwe, kwaye ukuba inxalenye ifuna uhlobo oluthile lwe-hardware, umqhubi uqhubela phambili kwimveliso yobuninzi.Ngokomzekelo, banokufaka i-batch ye-50, batshintshe i-anvils, baze bafake i-hardware entsha kwimingxuma echanekileyo.
Umshicileli we-hardware one-turret utshintsha indawo.Abaqhubi ngoku banokufaka uhlobo olulodwa lwezixhobo, bajikelezise i-turret, kwaye bavule i-container-coded color-code ukuze kuhlalise olunye uhlobo lwezixhobo, zonke kwisethingi enye (jonga uMzobo 5).
“Kuxhomekeke kwinani lamalungu onawo, akunakufane uphose unxibelelwano lwehardware,” utshilo uvan de Bor."Wenza lonke icandelo ngokupasa nje ukuze ungaphoswa linyathelo ekugqibeleni."
Ukudibanisa ukutya kwekomityi kunye ne-turret kwi-press press ingenza ikiti yokuphatha ibe yinyani kwisebe le-hardware.Kufakelo oluqhelekileyo, umenzi uqinisekisa ukuba unikezelo lwesitya lukhethekileyo kwisixhobo esikhulu esiqhelekileyo, kwaye emva koko ubeka izixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga rhoqo kwizikhongozeli ezinombala kufutshane nendawo yokusebenza.Xa abaqhubi bethatha indawo efuna i-hardware eninzi, baqala ukuyifakela ngokuphulaphula i-beep yomatshini (ebonisa ukuba lixesha le-hardware entsha), ukujikeleza i-anvil turntable, ukujonga umfanekiso we-3D wenxalenye kumlawuli, kwaye emva koko ufaka inxalenye ye-hardware elandelayo.
Yiba nomfanekiso ngqondweni wemeko apho umsebenzisi afaka isixhobo esinye ngasinye, esebenzisa i-auto feed kwaye ajike i-anvil turntable njengoko kufuneka.Emva koko iyayeka emva kokuba isixhobo esiphezulu sibambe i-self-feed fastener ukusuka kwi-shuttle kwaye iwele kwi-workpiece kwi-anvil.Umlawuli uya kulumkisa umqhubi ukuba izibophelelo zibude obungalunganga.
Njengoko uBoggs echaza, "Kwindlela yokuseta, umshicileli wehlisa isilayidi kwaye urekhode indawo yaso.Ke xa ibaleka ngesantya esipheleleyo kwaye isixhobo sichukumise isixhobo, inkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba ubude besixhobo buhambelana noluchaziweyo [[Ukunyamezelana] Imilinganiselo ngaphandle koluhlu, ixesha elide kakhulu, okanye lifutshane kakhulu, liya kubangela impazamo yobude be-fastener Oku kungenxa yobhaqo lwe-fastener (akukho vacuum kwisixhobo esiphezulu, esidla ngokubangelwa ziimpazamo ze-hardware feed) kunye ne-tonnage ye-tonnage esweni i-valve ye-automation iqinisekisa inkqubo ye-automation ye-automation system.
"Izixhobo zokushicilela ze-hardware kunye nokuzixilonga zingaba yinzuzo enkulu kwiimodyuli zerobhothi," watsho uBoggs.“Kwinkqubo yomatshini, irobhothi ibeka iphepha kwindawo efanelekileyo ize ithumele umyalezo kumaphephandaba, isithi, 'Ndikwindawo efanelekileyo, qhubeka uqalise ukushicilela.'
I-hardware press igcina izikhonkwane ze-anvil (ezifakwe kwimingxunya kwi-workpiece yentsimbi) zicocekile.I-vacuum kwi-punch ephezulu iyinto eqhelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho izibophelelo.Ukwazi ngako konke oku, umshicileli wathumela umqondiso kwi-bot.
Njengoko uBoggs esitsho, "Umatshini wokushicilela ujonga yonke into kwaye uthi kwirobhothi, 'Kulungile, ndilungile.'Iqala umjikelezo wesitampu, ijonga ubukho be-fasteners kunye nobude bazo obuchanekileyo.Ukuba umjikelo ugqityiwe, qiniseka ukuba uxinzelelo olusetyenziselwa ukufaka i-hardware luchanekile, emva koko thumela uphawu kwi-robot ukuba umjikelezo wokushicilela ugqityiwe.Irobhothi ifumana oku kwaye iyazi yonke into icocekile kwaye inokuhambisa i-workpiece ukuya kumngxuma olandelayo.”
Zonke ezi zitshekisho zoomatshini, ekuqaleni bezijoliswe kubasebenzi bezandla, zibonelela ngokufanelekileyo ngesiseko esilungileyo sokuqhubela phambili.I-Boggs kunye ne-van de Boor zichaza uphuculo olongezelelweyo olufana noyilo oluthile olunceda ukuthintela amashiti ukuba anganamathela kwi-anvil.“Ngamanye amaxesha iziqhoboshi zinamathela emva komjikelo wesitampu,” utshilo uBoggs.“Yingxaki engokwemvelo xa ucinezela izinto.Xa ixinga kwisixhobo esisezantsi, umntu oyisebenzisayo unokusijika isiqwengana somsebenzi kancinci ukuze asikhuphe. ”
Umzobo 4. Ibholiti yokushutha enephini ledowel.Emva kokumiswa, i-shuttle idla izixhobo kwisixhobo esiphezulu, esisebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-vacuum ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo zikhuseleke kwaye zihanjiswe kwindawo yokusebenza.I-anvil (ezantsi ekhohlo) ibekwe kwenye yee-turrets ezine.
Ngelishwa, iirobhothi azinabuchule bomntu."Ke ngoku kukho uyilo lokushicilela olunceda ukususa izixhobo zokusebenza, ukunceda ukutyhala iziqhoboshi ngaphandle kwesixhobo, ke kungabikho kuncamathela emva komjikelo weendaba."
Abanye oomatshini banobunzulu bomqala obahlukeneyo ukunceda irobhothi ukuba ilawule i-workpiece ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza.Abacinezeli banokubandakanya inkxaso enceda iirobhothi (kunye nabaqhubi bezandla, kulo mbandela) ngokukhuselekileyo ukubeka imisebenzi yabo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuthembeka ngundoqo.Iirobhothi kunye ne-cobots zinokuba yinxalenye yempendulo, okwenza kube lula ukudibanisa."Kwintsimi yeerobhothi ezisebenzisanayo, abathengisi baye benza inkqubela enkulu ekwenzeni kube lula kangangoko ukudibanisa noomatshini," kusho uBoggs, "kwaye abavelisi beendaba baye benza umsebenzi omningi wokuphuhlisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprotocol yonxibelelwano echanekileyo ikhona."
Kodwa ubuchule bokwenza isitampu kunye nobuchule beworkshop, kubandakanywa inkxaso yeworkpiece, imiyalelo ecacileyo (kunye nebhaliweyo) yomsebenzi, kunye noqeqesho olululo nalo ludlala indima.U-Boggs wongezelela ukuba usafumana iifowuni malunga nezibophelelo ezilahlekileyo kunye nezinye iingxaki kwisebe le-hardware, ezininzi zazo zisebenza ngoomatshini abathembekileyo kodwa abadala kakhulu.
Aba matshini banokuthenjwa, kodwa ukufakwa kwezixhobo akusiyo eyabantu abangenazakhono nabangenamsebenzi.Khumbula umatshini ofumene ubude obungalunganga.Olu qwalaselo olulula luthintela impazamo encinci ekujikeni ibe yingxaki enkulu.
Umzobo 5. Lo matshini we-hardware une-turntable ene-stop kunye nezikhululo ezine.Inkqubo inesixhobo esikhethekileyo se-anvil esiza umqhubi ukufikelela kwiindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo.Apha izinto zokufakelwa zifakwe ngaphantsi kweflange yangasemva.
U-Tim Heston, uMhleli oMkhulu we-FABRICATOR, ubekwishishini lokwenziwa kwesinyithi ukususela ngo-1998, eqala umsebenzi wakhe kunye ne-American Welding Society's Welding Magazine.Ukusukela ngoko, igubungele zonke iinkqubo zokwenza isinyithi ukusuka kwisitampu, ukugoba kunye nokusikwa ukuya ekusileni nasekupholiseni.Wajoyina i-FABRICATOR ngo-Okthobha ka-2007.
I-FABRICATOR yeyona ndawo iphambili kuMntla Melika kwimveliso yentsimbi kunye nokwenza imagazini.Eli phephancwadi lipapasha iindaba, amanqaku ezobugcisa kunye namabali okuphumelela enza ukuba abavelisi benze umsebenzi wabo ngokufanelekileyo.I-FABRICATOR ikwishishini ukusukela ngo-1970.
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