Umuceri.3. Igice kimwe, kugaburirwa ibikombe, guhindura-byihuse ibikoresho bibitswe muri guverinoma ibumoso igenzura ibikoresho no gutandukana (byemeza ibikoresho bikwiye guhuza no guhagarara).Inama y'abaminisitiri iburyo ifite anvili zitandukanye.
Ron Boggs, ushinzwe kugurisha no gutanga serivisi muri Haeger Amerika ya Ruguru, akomeje guhamagarwa n’abakora ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo gukira icyorezo cya 2021.
Boggs yagize ati: "Bakomeje kutubwira bati:" Hey, tubuze ibifunga. "Ati: “Biragaragara ko ibyo byatewe n'ikibazo cy'abakozi.”Iyo inganda zahaye akazi abakozi bashya, akenshi bashyira abantu badafite uburambe, badafite ubuhanga imbere yimashini kugirango binjizemo ibikoresho.Rimwe na rimwe babura amashyi, rimwe na rimwe bagashyiramo amashyi atari yo.Umukiriya aragaruka kandi arangiza igenamiterere.
Kurwego rwohejuru, kwinjiza ibyuma bisa nkibikorwa bikuze bya robo.Amaherezo, igihingwa gishobora kugira igikuba cyuzuye no gukora automatike, harimo taret, gukuraho igice, ndetse wenda no kugonda robot.Izi tekinoroji zose noneho zitanga igice kinini cyurwego rwimikorere yintoki.Ukizirikana ibi byose, kuki utashyira robot imbere yimashini kugirango ushyire ibikoresho?
Mu myaka 20 ishize, Boggs yakoranye ninganda nyinshi akoresheje ibikoresho byo kwinjiza robot.Vuba aha, we hamwe nitsinda rye, barimo Umuyobozi mukuru wa Haeger, Sander van de Bor, barimo gukora kugirango byorohereze guhuza cobot hamwe nuburyo bwo gushyiramo (reba Ishusho 1).
Nyamara, Boggs na VanderBose bombi bashimangira ko kwibanda gusa kuri robo bishobora rimwe na rimwe kwirengagiza ikibazo kinini cyo kwinjiza ibyuma.Ibikorwa byizewe, byikora kandi byoroshye bisaba ibikorwa byinshi byubaka, harimo guhuza ibikorwa no guhinduka.
Umusaza yapfuye bikabije.Abantu benshi bakoresha iyi mvugo kumashini ya punch ya mashini, ariko kandi ikoreshwa no kumashini ifite ibikoresho byo kugaburira intoki, cyane cyane kubworoshye.Umukoresha ashyira ibyuma hamwe nibice kumurongo wo hasi mbere yo kubishyira muntoki.Yakandagiye kuri pedal.Piercer iramanuka, ihuza igihangano kandi ikora igitutu cyo gushyiramo ibikoresho.Nibyoroshye byoroshye - kugeza igihe hari ibitagenda neza, birumvikana.
Van de Bor yagize ati: "Niba umukoresha atitayeho, igikoresho kizagwa kandi gikore ku gihangano udashyizeho igitutu."Kubera iki, mu vy'ukuri?Ati: "Ibikoresho bishaje ntabwo byatanze ibitekerezo ku makosa kandi uyikoresha ntabwo yari abizi."Umukoresha ntashobora kuguma ikirenge cye kuri pedale mugihe cyizunguruka cyose, nacyo gishobora gutuma imikorere yumutekano wibinyamakuru.Ati: "Igikoresho cyo hejuru gifite volt esheshatu, igikoresho cyo hasi kirashingiye, kandi itangazamakuru rigomba kumva neza mbere yuko ryubaka igitutu."
Imashini zishaje zishaje nazo zabuze icyo bita "idirishya rya tonnage", arirwo rwego rwumuvuduko ibikoresho bishobora kwinjizwamo neza.Imashini zigezweho zishobora kumva ko uyu muvuduko uri hasi cyane cyangwa hejuru cyane.Kuberako imashini zishaje zidafite idirishya rya tonnage, Boggs yasobanuye, abashoramari rimwe na rimwe bahindura igitutu bahindura valve kugirango bakemure ikibazo.Boggs yagize ati: "Bamwe bahuza cyane kandi bamwe bakumva hasi cyane."“Guhindura intoki bifungura ibintu byinshi.Niba ari bike cyane, washyizeho ibyuma nabi. ”“Umuvuduko ukabije urashobora guhindura igice cyangwa kwihuta ubwabyo.”
Van de Boer yongeraho ati: “Imashini zishaje nazo ntizari zifite metero, zishobora gutuma abashoramari batakaza imashini.”
Kwinjiza ibyuma byintoki birashobora gusa nkibyoroshye, ariko inzira iragoye kuyikosora.Kugirango ibintu birusheho kuba bibi, ibikorwa byibyuma bikunze kubaho nyuma murwego rwagaciro, nyuma yo kuziba kuzuye no gushingwa.Ibibazo by'ibikoresho birashobora kwangiza ifu no guteranya, akenshi kubera ko umutimanama utuje kandi ukorana umwete akora amakosa mato ahinduka umutwe.
Igicapo 1. Cobot yerekana igice winjiza ibikoresho mubinyamakuru, bifite ibikombe bine na shitingi enye zigenga zigaburira ibikoresho mubinyamakuru.Ishusho: Hagrid
Mu myaka yashize, tekinoroji yo kwinjiza ibyuma byakemuye ubwo buribwe mu kumenya no gukuraho ayo masoko yo guhinduka.Abashiraho ibikoresho ntibagomba kuba intandaro yibibazo byinshi gusa kuberako batakaza intumbero yo kurangiza kwimuka ryabo.
Intambwe yambere mugukoresha ibyuma bikwiye, kugaburira ibikombe (reba igishushanyo 2), bivanaho igice kiruhije cyane mubikorwa: gufata intoki no gushyira ibikoresho kumurimo.Muburyo bwa gakondo bwo kugaburira ibiryo, igikombe cyo kugaburira igikombe cyohereza ibifunga kumanuka kugaburira ibyuma kubikoresho byo hejuru.Umukoresha ashyira igihangano ku gikoresho cyo hasi (anvil) agakanda pedal.Punch iramanurwa hifashishijwe igitutu cya vacuum kugirango ukure ibyuma muri shitingi, bizana ibyuma hafi yakazi.Itangazamakuru rikoresha igitutu kandi ukwezi kurarangiye.
Birasa nkibyoroshye, ariko niba ucukuye cyane, urashobora kubona ibintu byoroshye.Ubwa mbere, ibikoresho bigomba kugaburirwa aho bakorera muburyo bugenzurwa.Aha niho igikoresho cya bootstrap kiza.Igikoresho kigizwe n'ibice bibiri.Imwe yeguriwe imyanya yemeza ko ibikoresho biva mubikombe bihagaze neza.Ibindi byemeza ibyiciro bikwiye, guhuza no gushyira ibikoresho.Kuva aho, ibikoresho bigenda mu muyoboro ujya muri shitingi igaburira ibikoresho igikoresho cyo hejuru.
Dore ingorane: Ibikoresho byikora - icyerekezo hamwe nibikoresho byo kugabana, hamwe na shitingi - bigomba gusimburwa no kubungabungwa muburyo bukora igihe cyose ibikoresho bihinduwe.Ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bigira ingaruka kuburyo butanga imbaraga kumurimo wakazi, ibikoresho rero byihariye ibikoresho nibyukuri kandi ntibishobora gukorerwa muburinganire.
Kubera ko umukoresha imbere yigikombe atagikoresha igihe cyo gufata (birashoboka ko yagabanuka) no gushiraho ibikoresho, igihe kiri hagati yo gushiramo kiragabanuka cyane.Ariko hamwe nibikoresho byose byihariye byuma, igikono cyo kugaburira nacyo cyongera ubushobozi bwo guhindura.Ibikoresho byo kwikuramo imbuto 832 ntibikwiye kubuto 632.
Kugirango usimbuze ibyokurya bishaje byibice bibiri, umukoresha agomba kwemeza ko igikoresho cyerekezo cyahujwe neza nigikoresho cyo gutandukana.Boggs yagize ati: "Bagomba kandi kugenzura kunyeganyega kw'ibikombe, igihe cy'ikirere no gushyira hose."Ati: “Bagomba kugenzura ingendo hamwe na vacuum.Muri make, umukoresha agomba kugenzura byinshi kugira ngo amenye neza ko igikoresho gikora uko bikwiye. ”
Urupapuro rukora ibyuma akenshi rufite ibikoresho byihariye bisabwa bishobora guterwa nibibazo byo kwinjira (kwinjiza ibikoresho ahantu hafunganye), ibikoresho bidasanzwe, cyangwa byombi.Ubu bwoko bwo kwishyiriraho bukoresha igikoresho cyateguwe cyihariye.Boggs avuga ko hashingiwe kuri ibi, igikoresho cyose-kimwe mu bikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gikombe.Igikoresho kirimo icyerekezo no guhitamo ibintu (reba Ishusho 3).
Van de Boer agira ati: “Byagenewe guhinduka vuba.Ati: "Ibipimo byose bigenzura, harimo umwuka no kunyeganyega, igihe n'ibindi byose, bigenzurwa na mudasobwa, bityo rero uyikoresha ntabwo akeneye kugira icyo ahindura cyangwa ngo ahindure."
Hamwe nubufasha bwa dowel, ibintu byose biguma kumurongo umwe (reba ishusho 4).“Umukoresha ntagomba guhangayikishwa no guhuza igihe ahinduye.Iteka iringaniza kuko ibintu byose bifunga ahantu ”, Boggs.“Ibikoresho byashizwe gusa.”
Iyo umukoresha ashyize urupapuro kumashini yicyuma, batondekanya umwobo hamwe na anvil yagenewe gukorana na feri ya diameter runaka.Kuba ibipimo bishya bisaba ibikoresho bishya bya anvil byatumye umusaruro utoroshye mu myaka yashize.
Tekereza uruganda rufite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukata no kugonda, guhindura ibikoresho byihuse byikora, uduce duto cyangwa umusaruro wuzuye.Igice noneho kijya mubyuma byinjizwamo, kandi niba igice gisaba ubundi bwoko bwibikoresho, uyikoresha yimukira mubikorwa rusange.Kurugero, barashobora gushiramo icyiciro cyibice 50, guhindura anvili, hanyuma bakinjiza ibyuma bishya mumyobo iboneye.
Icyuma gikanda hamwe na tarret ihindura ibiboneka.Abakoresha barashobora noneho gushyiramo ubwoko bumwe bwibikoresho, bakazunguruka kuri taret, hanyuma bagafungura ibara ryanditseho amabara kugirango ryakire ubundi bwoko bwibikoresho, byose muburyo bumwe (reba Ishusho 5).
Van de Bor yagize ati: "Ukurikije umubare ufite, ntushobora kubura umurongo w'ibyuma."Ati: "Ukora igice cyose mumurongo umwe kugirango utazabura intambwe irangiye."
Gukomatanya ibiryo byigikombe hamwe na tarret kumashini yinjizamo birashobora gutuma ibikoresho bikora mubyukuri murwego rwibikoresho.Mugushiraho bisanzwe, uwabikoze yemeza ko ibikombe bitanga gusa ibikoresho binini binini, hanyuma bigashyira ibikoresho bidakoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byanditseho amabara hafi yumurimo.Iyo abashoramari bafashe igice gisaba ibyuma byinshi, batangira kugicomeka bumva amajwi ya mashini (byerekana ko igihe kigeze kubikoresho bishya), kuzunguruka anvil ihinduka, kureba ishusho ya 3D yikigice kuri mugenzuzi, hanyuma bagashyiramo igice cyibikoresho gikurikira.
Tekereza ibintu aho umukoresha ashyiramo igikoresho kimwekimwe kimwe, akoresheje ibiryo byimodoka no guhindura anvil ihinduka nkuko bikenewe.Ihita ihagarara nyuma yigikoresho cyo hejuru gifata kwifungurira kwihuta kiva muri shitingi hanyuma kikamanuka kumurimo wakazi kuri anvil.Umugenzuzi azaburira umukoresha ko gufunga ari uburebure butari bwo.
Nkuko Boggs abisobanura, "Muburyo bwo gushiraho, itangazamakuru rimanura buhoro buhoro slide kandi ryandika umwanya waryo.Iyo rero ikora ku muvuduko wuzuye kandi igikoresho gikora ku gikoresho, sisitemu iremeza ko uburebure bwibikoresho buhuye n’ibipimo byagenwe [[Tolerance] Ibipimo bitarenze urugero, birebire cyane, cyangwa bigufi cyane, bizatera ikosa ryihuta ryihuse Ibi biterwa no gutahura byihuse (nta cyuho kiri mu gikoresho cyo hejuru, ubusanzwe biterwa namakosa yo kugaburira ibyuma) no kugenzura imikorere ya tonnage ikora neza.
Boggs yagize ati: "Imashini zikoresha ibikoresho byo kwisuzumisha zishobora kuba inyungu nini kuri moderi ya robo."“Mu buryo bwikora, robot yimura impapuro ahantu heza kandi yohereza ikimenyetso mu binyamakuru, ahanini ikavuga iti: 'Ndi mu mwanya ukwiye, komeza utangire itangazamakuru.'
Imashini yicyuma ituma pin ya anvil (yashyizwe mumyobo mumpapuro yicyuma).Icyuho muri punch yo hejuru ni ibisanzwe, bivuze ko hariho ibifunga.Kumenya ibi byose, abanyamakuru bohereje ikimenyetso kuri bot.
Nkuko Boggs abivuga, "Imashini itangazamakuru ireba ibintu byose ikabwira robot iti:" Nibyo, meze neza. "Itangira kashe ya cycle, igenzura niba hari ibifunga n'uburebure bwabyo.Niba uruziga rwuzuye, menya neza ko igitutu cyakoreshejwe mugushyiramo ibyuma ari cyo, hanyuma wohereze ikimenyetso kuri robo ko uruziga rwuzuye.Robo yakira ibi kandi izi ko byose bifite isuku kandi irashobora kwimura igihangano kumwobo ukurikira.”
Izi mashini zose zigenzura, zabanje kugenewe abakoresha intoki, zitanga neza urufatiro rwiza rwo gukomeza gukora.Boggs na van de Boor basobanura ibindi byateye imbere nkibishushanyo bimwe na bimwe bifasha kubuza impapuro kwizirika kuri anvil.Boggs yagize ati: "Rimwe na rimwe, ibifunga bifata nyuma yo gutera kashe."“Ni ikibazo kavukire iyo urimo gukusanya ibikoresho.Iyo igumye mu gikoresho cyo hasi, uyikoresha ashobora guhindura igice cy'akazi gato kugirango ayivemo. ”
Igicapo 4. Shutle bolt hamwe na dowel pin.Iyo shitingi imaze gushyirwaho, igaburira ibikoresho igikoresho cyo hejuru, ikoresha umuvuduko wa vacuum kugirango ibikoresho bishoboke kandi bijyanwe kumurimo.Anvil (hepfo ibumoso) iherereye kuri imwe muri bine.
Kubwamahirwe, robot ntabwo ifite ubuhanga bwumuntu ukora.Ati: "Ubu rero hari ibishushanyo mbonera bifasha kuvanaho ibihangano, bifasha gusunika ibyuma bifata ibikoresho, bityo rero nta gukomera nyuma yikinyamakuru."
Imashini zimwe zifite ubujyakuzimu butandukanye bwo mu muhogo kugirango zifashe robot kuyobora igihangano cyakazi no hanze yumurimo.Imashini zirashobora kandi gushiramo inkunga zifasha robot (hamwe nabakoresha intoki, kubwicyo kibazo) gushyira umutekano wabo neza.
Ubwanyuma, kwiringirwa ni urufunguzo.Imashini za robo na cobots zirashobora kuba igice cyigisubizo, kuborohereza guhuza.Boggs yagize ati: "Mu rwego rwa robo zikorana, abacuruzi bateye intambwe nini mu korohereza ibishoboka byose kugira ngo babihuze n'imashini." Kandi abakora ibitangazamakuru bakoze ibikorwa byinshi by'iterambere kugira ngo protocole iboneye itumanaho ibeho. "
Ariko kashe ya tekinoroji hamwe nubuhanga bwamahugurwa, harimo inkunga yibikorwa, amabwiriza yakazi asobanutse (kandi yanditse), namahugurwa akwiye nayo agira uruhare.Boggs yongeyeho ko agifite telefoni zijyanye no kubura ibyuma n’ibindi bibazo mu ishami ry’ibikoresho, ibyinshi muri byo bikorana n’imashini zizewe ariko zishaje cyane.
Izi mashini zirashobora kwizerwa, ariko kwishyiriraho ibikoresho ntabwo ari kubadafite ubuhanga kandi budasanzwe.Ibuka imashini yasanze uburebure butari bwo.Igenzura ryoroshye ririnda ikosa rito guhinduka ikibazo kinini.
Igicapo 5. Iyi mashini yicyuma ifite impinduka hamwe na sitasiyo enye.Sisitemu kandi ifite igikoresho cyihariye cya anvil gifasha uyikoresha kugera ahantu bigoye kugera.Hano ibikoresho byinjijwe munsi yumutwe winyuma.
Tim Heston, Umuyobozi mukuru wa FABRICATOR, ari mu ruganda rwo guhimba ibyuma kuva mu 1998, atangira umwuga we n'ikinyamakuru cyo gusudira muri Amerika cyo gusudira.Kuva icyo gihe, yagiye ikubiyemo ibintu byose byo guhimba ibyuma kuva kashe, kunama no gukata kugeza gusya no gusya.Yinjiye muri FABRICATOR mu Kwakira 2007.
FABRICATOR nicyo kinyamakuru cyo muri Amerika ya ruguru kiza imbere mu guhimba ibyuma no gukora ikinyamakuru.Ikinyamakuru gisohora amakuru, ingingo za tekiniki ninkuru zitsinzi zituma ababikora bakora akazi kabo neza.FABRICATOR iri mu nganda kuva 1970.
Noneho hamwe nubushobozi bwuzuye kuri FABRICATOR integuro ya digitale, byoroshye kubona umutungo winganda zingirakamaro.
Igitabo cya Digitale y'Ikinyamakuru Tube & Pipe ubu kiragerwaho rwose, gitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho by'inganda bifite agaciro.
Shakisha uburyo bwuzuye bwa digitale kubinyamakuru STAMPING, byerekana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, imikorere myiza namakuru yinganda kumasoko ya kashe.
Noneho hamwe na digitale yuzuye kuri Fabricator en Español, ufite uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho byinganda bifite agaciro.