Mupunga. 3. Chishandiso chimwe chete, chinopihwa kapu, uye chinochinja nekukurumidza chakachengetwa mukabati rekuruboshwe chinodzora kurongeka nekuparadzaniswa kwemidziyo (chinoita kuti michina ienderane zvakanaka uye igare panzvimbo kwayo). Kabati rekurudyi rinobata maanvil nemashuttle akasiyana-siyana.
Ron Boggs, maneja wekutengesa nekushandira weHaeger North America, anoramba achigamuchira mafoni akafanana kubva kuvagadziri panguva yekupora kubva padenda ra2021.
“Vakaramba vachitiudza kuti, ‘Hei, hatina zvekubatanidza,’” akadaro Boggs. “Zvinoitika kuti izvi zvakakonzerwa nedambudziko revashandi.” Mafekitori paaitora vashandi vatsva, aiwanzoisa vanhu vasina ruzivo, vasina hunyanzvi pamberi pemichina kuti vaise michina. Dzimwe nguva vanorasikirwa nezvisungo, dzimwe nguva vanoisa zvisungo zvisiri izvo. Mutengi anodzoka opedzisa marongero acho.
Padanho repamusoro, kuiswa kwemidziyo yemagetsi kunoita sekunge kuri kushandiswa kwemarobhoti kwenguva yakareba. Pakupedzisira, chirimwa chinogona kuva nekushandisa otomatiki kwakazara, kusanganisira turrets, kubvisa chikamu, uye pamwe kutokotama kwemarobhoti. Matekinoroji ese aya anobva ashanda chikamu chikuru chechikamu chekuisa nemaoko. Uchifunga zvese izvi, wadii kuisa robhoti pamberi pemuchina kuti iise michina?
Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, Boggs akashanda nemafekitori akawanda achishandisa michina yekuisa marobhoti. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, iye nechikwata chake, kusanganisira Haeger Chief Engineer Sander van de Bor, vanga vachishanda kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza macobot nemaitiro ekuisa (ona Mufananidzo 1).
Zvisinei, Boggs naVanderBose vanosimbisa kuti kutarisa chete parobhoti dzimwe nguva kunogona kufuratira dambudziko guru rekuisa hardware. Mabasa ekuisa akavimbika, anongoerekana aitika uye anochinjika anoda zvakawanda zvekuvaka, kusanganisira kuenderana kwemaitiro uye kuchinjika.
Murume mukuru akafa zvinorwadza. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa chirevo ichi pamichina yekudhinda punch, asi chinoshandawo pamichina yekudhinda ine michina yekudya nemaoko, kunyanya nekuda kwekureruka kwayo. Mushandi anoisa zvisungo nezvikamu parutsigiro rwepasi asati azviisa nemaoko muchina wekudhinda. Akadzvanya pedal. Muchina wekuboora unoburuka, wobata workpiece wobva waita kuti mudziyo upiswe. Zviri nyore - kusvika chimwe chinhu chaenda zvisina kunaka, hongu.
“Kana mushandi asiri kuteerera, chishandiso chinodonha chobata workpiece pasina kudzvanya,” akadaro van de Bor. Sei, chii chaizvo? “Midziyo yekare haina kupindura nekukanganisa uye mushandi wacho aisaziva nezvazvo.” Mushandi aisagona kuramba akatsika pamapedals panguva yese yekutenderera, izvo, zvinogona kutungamira mukushanda kwesystem yekuchengetedza yepress. “Chishandiso chepamusoro chine mavolts matanhatu, chishandiso chepasi chakatsikwa, uye press inofanira kunzwa conductivity isati yagona kuwedzera kudzvanya.”
Madhindindi ekare ekuisa magetsi haanawo anonzi "hwindo retoni", iro riri huwandu hwemadhindindi ayo michina inogona kuiswa nemazvo. Madhindindi emazuva ano anogona kunzwa sekunge kumanikidzwa uku kwakaderera kana kwakakwira zvakanyanya. Nekuda kwekuti madhindindi ekare haana hwindo retoni, Boggs akatsanangura, vashandi dzimwe nguva vanogadzirisa kumanikidzwa nekugadzirisa vharuvhu kuti vagadzirise dambudziko. "Mamwe anokwidza zvakanyanya uye mamwe anodzikira zvakanyanya," Boggs akadaro. "Kugadzirisa nemaoko kunovhura mukana wekushanda zvakanyanya. Kana kwakaderera zvakanyanya, wakaisa hardware zvisirizvo." "Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa chikamu kana chisungo chacho."
"Michina yekare yakanga isinawo mamita," anowedzera van de Boer, "izvo zvaigona kukonzera kuti vanoshanda varasikirwe nezvisungo zvekubatanidza."
Kuisa hardware nemaoko kungaita sekunge kuri nyore, asi maitiro acho akaoma kugadzirisa. Zvinotonyanya kuipa ndezvekuti, mashandiro ehardware anowanzoitika gare gare muchikamu chevalue, mushure mekunge mukaha wazadzwa uye wagadzirwa. Matambudziko emidziyo anogona kukanganisa kuputira kwehupfu uye kuunganidza, kazhinji nekuti mushandisi ane hanya uye anoshingaira anoita zvikanganiso zvidiki zvinozoguma zvaita kuti musoro urware.
Mufananidzo 1. Cobot inoratidza chikamu ichi nekuisa michina muchidhindo, icho chine ndiro ina nemashuttle mana akazvimiririra anoisa michina muchidhindo. Mufananidzo: Hagrid
Mumakore apfuura, tekinoroji yekuisa michina yakagadzirisa matambudziko aya nekuona nekubvisa zvinhu izvi zvinokonzera kusiyana-siyana. Vanoisa michina havafanirwe kukonzera matambudziko akawanda nekuda kwekunge varasikirwa nepfungwa dzavo pakupera kwebasa ravo.
Danho rekutanga mukuisa otomatiki, kudyisa ndiro (ona mufananidzo 2), rinobvisa chikamu chinonetsa zvikuru chemaitiro acho: kubata nemaoko nekuisa zvigadziko pabasa. Mukugadzirisa kwetsika kwekudya kwepamusoro, muchina wekudyisa kapu unotumira zvisungo pasi kushuttle inopa hardware kumudziyo wepamusoro. Mushandisi anoisa workpiece pamudziyo wepasi (anvil) uye anodzvanya pedal. Kurova kunodzikiswa uchishandisa vacuum pressure kusimudza hardware kubva mushuttle, zvichiunza hardware pedyo neworkpiece. Muchina wekudyisa unodzvanya uye kutenderera kwapera.
Zvinoita sezviri nyore, asi kana ukachera zvakadzama, unogona kuwana zvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Kutanga, michina inofanira kuiswa munzvimbo yebasa nenzira yakarongeka. Apa ndipo panoshanda chishandiso chebootstrap. Chishandiso ichi chine zvikamu zviviri. Chimwe chakatsaurirwa pakuiswa chinovimbisa kuti michina inobuda mundiro yakaiswa zvakanaka. Chimwe chinovimbisa kupatsanurwa, kurongeka uye kuiswa kwemidziyo kwakakodzera. Kubva ipapo, michina inofamba nepaipi kuenda kushuttle inoendesa michina kumudziyo wepamusoro.
Heino dambudziko: Zvishandiso zvinopa otomatiki—zvishandiso zvekutungamirira nekuparadzanisa, uye mashuttle—zvinofanira kutsiviwa uye kuchengetwa zvichishanda zvakanaka pese painochinjwa michina. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvishandiso zvinokanganisa mashandiro azvinoita panzvimbo yebasa, saka zvishandiso zvinoenderana nehardware zvinongoitika uye hazvigone kugadzirwa zvisina kurongwa.
Sezvo mushandisi ari pamberi pecup press asingachapedzi nguva achitora (zvichida achidzikisa) uye achigadzira michina, nguva iri pakati pezvishandiso inoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Asi nezvishandiso zvese izvi zvehardware, ndiro yekudyisa inowedzerawo kugona kwekushandura. Zvishandiso zvekuzvisimbisa zvenuts 832 hazvina kukodzera nuts 632.
Kuti atsive chigadziko chekare chemidziyo miviri, mushandi anofanira kuona kuti chishandiso chekutungamira chakanyatsoenderana nechishandiso chakapatsanurwa. "Vaifanirawo kutarisa kudedera kwemidziyo, nguva yemhepo uye kuiswa kwepaipi," akadaro Boggs. "Vanofanira kutarisa kurongeka kweshuttle ne vacuum. Muchidimbu, mushandi anofanira kutarisa kurongeka kwakawanda kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chinoshanda sezvachinofanira."
Vashandi vesimbi dzesimbi vanowanzova nezvinodiwa zvemidziyo zvakasiyana zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nematambudziko ekupinda (kuisa michina munzvimbo dzakamanikana), michina isingawanzoitiki, kana zvese zviri zviviri. Rudzi urwu rwekuisa runoshandisa chishandiso chakagadzirwa nechidimbu chimwe chete. Zvichibva pane izvi, anodaro Boggs, chishandiso che "all-in-one" che "standard cup press" chakazogadzirwa. Chishandiso ichi chine zvinhu zvekutarisa uye zvekusarudza (ona Mufananidzo 3).
"Yakagadzirirwa kuchinja nekukurumidza," anodaro van de Boer. "Ma parameter ese ekudzora, kusanganisira mhepo nekudedera, nguva nezvimwe zvese, zvinodzorwa nekombuta, saka mushandisi haafanire kuita chero shanduko kana kugadzirisa."
Nerubatsiro rwemadhowel, zvese zvinoramba zviri mumutsara mumwe chete (ona mufananidzo 4). "Mushandisi haafanire kunetseka nezvekurongeka paanenge achichinja. Zvinogara zvichienzana nekuti zvese zvinopinda munzvimbo," akadaro Boggs. "Zvishandiso zvinongogadziriswa."
Kana mushandisi akaisa pepa pamuchina wesimbi, anoisa maburi acho neanvil yakagadzirirwa kushanda nezvisungo zvedhayamita yakati. Chokwadi chekuti dhayamita itsva dzinoda maturusi matsva eanvil chakaita kuti pave nekuoma kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda mumakore apfuura.
Fungidzira fekitari ine tekinoroji yekucheka nekukombama yazvino, kuchinja maturusi nekukurumidza, mabheti madiki kana kutogadzira zvakakwana. Chikamu chacho chinozoiswa muchinhu chinoiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi, uye kana chikamu chacho chichida mhando yakasiyana yemidziyo yemagetsi, mushandi anoenderera mberi nekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kuisa bheti rezvidimbu makumi mashanu, vochinja maanvil, vozoisa midziyo mitsva mumaburi akakodzera.
Muchina wekudhinda wehardware une turret unochinja mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Vashandi vanogona ikozvino kuisa mhando imwe yemuchina, kutenderedza turret, uye kuvhura mudziyo une mavara kuti ugare kune imwe mhando yemuchina, zvese mugadziriro imwe chete (ona Mufananidzo 5).
“Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvikamu zvaunazvo, kashoma kuti usapotsa kubatana kwehardware,” akadaro van de Bor. “Unoita chikamu chose nekupasa kamwe chete kuitira kuti usapotsa danho pakupera.”
Kusanganiswa kwekapu yekudyisa neturret painsert press kunogona kuita kuti kit ishande zvakanaka muchikamu chehardware. Mukuisa kwakajairika, mugadziri anovimbisa kuti ndiro yacho inongowanikwa chete mumidziyo mikuru yakajairika, uye anoisa michina isingawanzo shandiswa mumakontena ane mavara pedyo nenzvimbo yebasa. Kana vashandi vakatora chikamu chinoda hardware yakawanda, vanotanga kuchiisa nekuisa plug mukati nekuteerera kurira kwemuchina (zvichiratidza kuti yasvika nguva yehardware itsva), vachitenderedza anvil turntable, vachiona mufananidzo we3D wechikamu chiri pacontroller, uye vozoisa chikamu chinotevera chehardware.
Fungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu apo mushandi anoisa mudziyo mumwe nemumwe, achishandisa auto feed uye achitenderedza anvil turntable sezvinodiwa. Zvinozomira mushure mekunge chishandiso chepamusoro chatora chisungo chekuzvidyisa chega kubva mushuttle uye chodonhera pabasa riri paanvil. Mutongi anonyevera mushandi kuti zvisungo hazvina kureba.
Sezvinotsanangurwa naBoggs, “Mune set-up mode, press inodzikisa zvishoma nezvishoma slider uye inorekodha nzvimbo yayo. Saka kana ichishanda nekumhanya kwakazara uye fixture ichibata chishandiso, sisitimu inoita kuti kureba kwechishandiso kuenderane ne [[Tolerance] Measurements iri kunze kwenzvimbo, yakareba zvakanyanya, kana kuti pfupi zvakanyanya, inokonzera kukanganisa kureba kwechibatiso Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuona chibatiso (hapana vacuum muchishandiso chepamusoro, kazhinji inokonzerwa nezvikanganiso zvekudyisa hardware) uye kutarisa nekugadziriswa kwemahwindo e tonnage (panzvimbo pekuti mushandi achinje vharuvhu nemaoko) inogadzira system ye automation yakavimbika.
"Michina yekudhinda yehardware ine kuzviongorora inogona kubatsira zvikuru kumarobhoti," akadaro Boggs. "Mukugadzirisa otomatiki, robhoti rinofambisa bepa panzvimbo chaiyo uye rinotumira chiratidzo kumuchina wekudhinda, richiti, 'Ndiri panzvimbo chaiyo, enda mberi utange muchina wekudhinda.'
Muchina wekugadzirisa zvinhu zvesimbi unochengetedza mapini eanvil (akaiswa mumaburi ari mujira resimbi) akachena. Vacuum iri mupunch yepamusoro yakajairika, zvinoreva kuti kune zvinosunga. Vachiziva nezve zvese izvi, muchina uyu wakatumira chiratidzo kubhoti.
Sezvinotaurwa naBoggs, “Muchina wekudzvanya unotarisa zvese wobva wati kurobhoti, ‘Zvakanaka, ndiri bho.’ Unotanga kutenderera kwekudzvanya, uchitarisa kuti pane zvisungo uye kureba kwazvo kwakakodzera here. Kana kutenderera kwapera, iva nechokwadi chekuti kumanikidzwa kunoshandiswa kuisa hardware kwakarurama, wobva watumira chiratidzo kurobhoti kuti kutenderera kwekudzvanya kwapera. Robhoti rinowana izvi uye rinoziva kuti zvese zvakachena uye rinogona kufambisa workpiece kuenda kuburi rinotevera.”
Kuongororwa kwese kwemuchina uku, kwaiitirwa vashandi vemaoko, zvinopa hwaro hwakanaka hwekuwedzera otomatiki. Boggs navan de Boor vanotsanangura zvimwe zviri nani zvakaita semamwe magadzirirwo anobatsira kudzivirira kuti machira asanamatire paanvil. "Dzimwe nguva zvisungo zvinonamira mushure mekutenderera kwestamping," akadaro Boggs. "Idambudziko riripo kana uchidzvanya zvinhu. Kana zvikanamatira muchishandiso chepasi, mushandisi anogona kutenderedza workpiece zvishoma kuti abudise."
Mufananidzo 4. Bhaudhi rekufambisa rine pini yedhoo. Kana yangoiswa, bhaudhi rinopa michina kune chishandiso chepamusoro, icho chinoshandisa kumanikidzwa kwevacuum kuitira kuti michina ikwanise kusungwa uye kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yebasa. Chivharo (pasi kuruboshwe) chiri pane imwe yematoire mana.
Zvinosuwisa kuti marobhoti haana hunyanzvi hwemunhu anoshanda. "Saka ikozvino kune magadzirirwo ekudhinda anobatsira kubvisa maworkpiece, anobatsira kusundira zvisungo kubva muchishandiso, saka hapana chinonamira mushure mekudhindwa."
Mimwe michina ine huro hwakasiyana-siyana kuti ibatsire robhoti kufambisa workpiece kupinda nekubuda munzvimbo yebasa. Madhindindi anogonawo kusanganisira zvinotsigira zvinobatsira marobhoti (uye vanoashandisa nemaoko) kuisa mabasa avo zvakanaka.
Pakupedzisira, kuvimbika ndiko kwakakosha. Marobhoti nemacobot anogona kuva chikamu chemhinduro, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza. "Mubasa remarobhoti anoshanda pamwe chete, vatengesi vakaita nhanho huru mukuita kuti zvive nyore sezvinobvira kubatanidza nemachina," akadaro Boggs, "uye vagadziri vemapepanhau vakaita basa rakawanda rekuvandudza kuona kuti protocol yekutaurirana yakakodzera iripo."
Asi matekiniki ekudhinda uye matekiniki emuworkshop, kusanganisira rutsigiro rwebasa, mirairo yebasa yakajeka (uye yakanyorwa), uye kudzidziswa kwakakodzera zvine basawo. Boggs akawedzera kuti achiri kugamuchira mafoni nezvezvisungo zvisiripo nezvimwe zvinetso mudhipatimendi rehardware, mazhinji acho anoshanda nemichina yakavimbika asi yekare.
Michina iyi inogona kuva yakavimbika, asi kuiswa kwemidziyo hakusi kwevasina hunyanzvi uye vasina hunyanzvi. Yeuka muchina wakawana kureba kusiri iko. Kuongorora uku kuri nyore kunodzivirira kukanganisa kudiki kuti kusave dambudziko guru.
Mufananidzo 5. Iyi hardware press ine turntable ine stop uye nzvimbo ina. Sisitimu iyi inewo anvil tool inobatsira mushandi kusvika panzvimbo dzakaoma kusvika. Pano fittings dzakaiswa pasi pe flange yekumashure.
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