Mupunga.3. Chidimbu chimwechete, chikapu-chinodyiwa, chinokurumidza-kuchinja chishandiso chakachengetwa kuruboshwe kabati chinodzora kutariswa kwemidziyo uye kupatsanurwa (inovimbisa kurongeka kwakakodzera kwemidziyo uye kumira).Iyo kabati yekurudyi inobata akasiyana anvils uye shuttles.
Ron Boggs, mutengesi uye maneja webasa weHaeger North America, anoenderera mberi achigamuchira mafoni akafanana kubva kuvagadziri panguva yekupora kubva padenda ra2021.
"Vakaramba vachitiudza kuti, 'Hei, tiri kushaya zvekusungirira," akadaro Boggs."Zvinoitika kuti izvi zvakakonzerwa nenyaya yevashandi."Apo mafekitari aipinza vashandi vatsva basa, aiwanzoisa vanhu vasina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, vasina unyanzvi pamberi pemichina yokuisa michina.Dzimwe nguva vanopotsa zvivharo, dzimwe nguva vanoisa zvisungo zvisiri izvo.Mutengi anodzoka uye anopedzisa zvirongwa.
Padanho repamusoro, kuiswa kwehardware kunoratidzika kunge kuri kuita kwakakura kwekushandisa kwemarobhoti.Pakupedzisira, chirimwa chinogona kunge chine punching yakazara uye kugadzira otomatiki, kusanganisira turrets, kubviswa kwechikamu, uye pamwe kunyange marobhoti kukotama.Ese matekinoroji aya anobva ashanda chikamu chikuru cheiyo manual installation sector.Uine zvese izvi mupfungwa, wadii kuisa robhoti pamberi pemuchina wekuisa michina?
Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura, Boggs akashanda nemafekitori mazhinji achishandisa midziyo yekuisa marobhoti.Munguva ichangopfuura, iye neboka rake, kusanganisira Haeger Chief Engineer Sander van de Bor, vave vachishanda kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza cobots nekuisa nzira (ona Mufananidzo 1).
Nekudaro, vese Boggs naVanderBose vanosimbisa kuti kutarisa chete pamarobhoti dzimwe nguva kunogona kufuratira dambudziko rakakura rekuisa Hardware.Kuvimbika, otomatiki uye kuchinjika kumisikidza mashandiro anoda akawanda mabhuroki ekuvaka, anosanganisira maitiro kuenderana uye kuchinjika.
Murume mukuru akafa zvaityisa.Vanhu vazhinji vanoisa chirevo ichi kumakanika punch press, asi chinoshandawo kumatsinha ane mafeed feed emidziyo, kunyanya nekuda kwekureruka kwawo.Mushandi anoisa zvisungo uye zvikamu parutsigiro rwepasi asati azvipinza nemaoko muchina.Akadzvanya pedal.Anoboora anoburuka, anobata workpiece uye anoita kumanikidza kuisa midziyo.Zviri nyore - kutozosvikira chimwe chinhu chatadza, hongu.
"Kana mushandisi akasateerera, chishandiso chinodonha chobata chibatiso pasina kumanikidza," akadaro van de Bor.Sei, chii chaizvo?"Midziyo yekare haina mhinduro nekukanganisa uye mushandisi aisanyatsoziva nezvazvo."Mushandi aisakwanisa kuchengetedza tsoka yake pamapedals panguva yese yekutenderera, iyo, zvakare, inogona kutungamirira kukushanda kwekuchengetedza system yekudhinda."Chishandiso chepamusoro chine mavolts matanhatu, chishandiso chepasi chakadzikwa, uye mutori wenhau anofanira kuona mafambiro asati aita kumanikidza."
Michina yekuisa yekare hainawo iyo inonzi "tonnage hwindo", inova huwandu hwekumanikidzwa mukati meiyo michina inogona kuiswa nemazvo.Michina yokutsikirira yemazuva ano inganzwa kuti iyi dzvinyiriro yakaderera zvikuru kana kuti yakakwirira zvikuru.Nemhaka yokuti michina yekare haina hwindo retani, Boggs akatsanangura, vashandi dzimwe nguva vanogadzirisa kudzvinyirira nekugadzirisa valve kugadzirisa dambudziko."Mimwe mimhanzi yakakwira zvakanyanya uye imwe yakaderera," Boggs akadaro.“Kugadziridza nemaoko kunovhura zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana.Kana yakadzikira, wakaisa hardware zvisizvo."Kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa chikamu kana chisungo pachacho."
“Michina yechinyakare yakanga isinawo mamita,” anowedzera kudaro van de Boer, “izvo zvaigona kuita kuti vafambisi varasikirwe nezvinosungirirwa.”
Kuisa Hardware nemaoko kungaite kunge kuri nyore, asi maitiro acho akaoma kugadzirisa.Kuita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuipa, mashandiro ehardware anowanzoitika gare gare muketani yekukosha, mushure mekunge gaka razadzwa nekuumbwa.Zvinetso zvezvishandiso zvinogona kukanganisa kupfekedzwa kwehupfu nekuungana, kazhinji nekuti anoshanda nesimba uye anoshingaira anoita zvikanganiso zvidiki zvinoshanduka kuita misoro.
Mufananidzo 1. Cobot inoratidza chikamu nekuisa midziyo mumuchina, iyo ine mbiya ina uye zvivharo zvina zvakazvimiririra zvinodyisa midziyo mumuchina.Mufananidzo: Hagrid
Kwemakore, hardware yekuisa tekinoroji yakagadzirisa misoro iyi nekuona uye kubvisa aya masosi ekusiyana.Equipment installers haifanire kunge iri honzeri yematambudziko akawanda nekuda kwekuti vanorasikirwa nekutarisa pakupera kwekuchinja kwavo.
Nhanho yekutanga mu automating fitting installation, mbiya yekudya (ona fig. 2), inobvisa chikamu chinotyisa chekugadzirisa: kubata nekuisa zvigadziro pane workpiece.Muchinyakare chepamusoro chikafu chekugadzirisa, mukombe wekudyisa mukombe unotumira zvisungo pasi kune shuttle inodyisa Hardware kune chepamusoro chishandiso.Mushandi anoisa workpiece pane yakaderera turusi (anvil) uye anodzvanya pedal.Iyo punch inodzikiswa uchishandisa vacuum pressure kusimudza Hardware kunze kwevhavha, kuunza iyo hardware pedyo neworkpiece.Muchina wekudhinda unoshandisa kumanikidza uye kutenderera kunopedzwa.
Zvinoita sezviri nyore, asi kana ukachera zvakadzika, unogona kuwana zvimwe zvisinganzwisisiki zvakaoma.Chekutanga, zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kupihwa munzvimbo yekushanda nenzira inodzorwa.Apa ndipo panopinda bootstrap chishandiso.Chishandiso chine zvikamu zviviri.Imwe yakatsaurirwa pakumisikidza inova nechokwadi chekuti midziyo inobuda mundiro yakamira zvakanaka.Imwe yacho inovimbisa kugovaniswa kwakakodzera, kurongeka uye kuiswa kwemidziyo.Kubva ipapo, midziyo inofamba nepombi kuenda kune shuttle inodyisa midziyo kune chimbo chepamusoro.
Heino kunetsa: Zvishandiso zveotomatiki-yekutarisisa uye kupatsanura maturusi, uye shuttles-inoda kutsiviwa uye kuchengetedzwa muhurongwa hwekushanda pese panochinjwa michina.Mhando dzakasiyana dzehardware dzinokanganisa mabatiro ainopa simba kunzvimbo yebasa, saka maturusi-chaiwo maturusi anongova echokwadi uye haagone kugadzirwa kunze kweiyo equation.
Sezvo mutyairi ari pamberi pemukombe wekudhinda asingachapedzi nguva achitora (zvichida kudzikisa) uye kumisikidza michina, nguva iri pakati pekuisa inoderedzwa zvakanyanya.Asi neaya ese maturusi-chaiwo maturusi, mbiya yekudyisa inowedzerawo shanduko yekugona.Zvishandiso zvekuzvisimbisa nzungu 832 hazvina kukodzera nzungu 632.
Kutsiva chekare chidimbu chendiro yekudyisa, mushandisi anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti tekinoroji yakanyatsoenderana neyakatsemura chishandiso."Vaifanirawo kutarisa kudengenyeka kwembiya, nguva yemhepo uye kuiswa kwepombi," Boggs akadaro."Vanofanira kutarisa shuttle uye vacuum alignment.Muchidimbu, mushandisi anofanirwa kutarisa magadzirirwo akawanda kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chinoshanda sezvachinofanirwa. ”
Mashizha esimbi anoshanda anowanzo aine akasiyana emidziyo zvinodiwa izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa nenyaya dzekuwana (kuisa midziyo munzvimbo dzakamanikana), zvishandiso zvisina kujairika, kana zvese zviri zviviri.Iyi mhando yekuisa inoshandisa yakanyatsogadzirwa imwe chidimbu chishandiso.Zvichienderana neizvi, anodaro Boggs, chishandiso chese-mu-chimwe cheyakajairwa mukombe wemuchina chakazogadzirwa.Chishandiso chine kutarisisa uye kusarudzwa zvinhu (ona Fig. 3).
“Yakagadzirirwa kukurumidza kuchinja,” anodaro van de Boer."Yese maparamita ekudzora, anosanganisira mhepo uye vibration, nguva nezvimwe zvese, zvinodzorwa nekombuta, saka mushandisi haafanire kuchinja kana kugadzirisa."
Nekubatsirwa kwedowels, zvinhu zvose zvinogara mumutsara mumwe (ona fig. 4).“Mushandi haafanire kunetseka nezve kurongeka kana achitendeuka.Inogara yakamira nekuti zvese zvakavharika panzvimbo, ”akadaro Boggs."Zvishandiso zvinongovharwa."
Kana mushandisi akaisa pepa pamuchina wekutsikirira wehardware, vanomisa maburi acho neavil rakagadzirirwa kushanda nemafasteners ehupamhi hwakati.Icho chokwadi chekuti madhayamita matsva anoda zvishandiso zvitsva zveanvil zvakatungamira kune imwe yakaoma kugadzirwa kwemazhinji mumakore.
Fungidzira fekitori ine ichangoburwa yekucheka nekukotama tekinoroji, inokurumidza otomatiki chishandiso shanduko, mabhechi madiki kana kugadzirwa kwakakwana.Chikamu chinobva chapinda mumidziyo yehardware, uye kana chikamu chacho chichida imwe mhando yehardware, mushandisi anoenderera mberi nekugadzirwa kwakawanda.Semuenzaniso, vanogona kuisa batch yezvidimbu makumi mashanu, kushandura anvils, uye vobva vapinza hardware itsva mumakomba chaiwo.
Muchina wehardware une turret unoshandura chiitiko.Vashandi vanogona ikozvino kuisa imwe mhando yemidziyo, kutenderedza turret, uye kuvhura mudziyo une mavara-code kuti ugare neimwe mhando yemidziyo, zvese mune imwe setup (ona Mufananidzo 5).
"Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvikamu zvaunazvo, haugone kupotsa kubatana kwehardware," van de Bor akadaro."Iwe unoita chikamu chose mune imwe pass kuitira kuti usapotsa nhanho yekupedzisira."
Iko kusanganiswa kwekapu yekudyisa uye turret pamushini wekuisa unogona kuita kuti kit ibate chokwadi mudhipatimendi rehardware.Muchigadziro chekugadzika, mugadziri anovimbisa kuti mbiya inopihwa inongowanikwa kune yakajairwa midziyo mikuru, uyezve inoisa midziyo isingawanzo shandiswa mumidziyo ine mavara-code pedyo nenzvimbo yebasa.Kana vashandisi vachitora chikamu chinoda mahardware akawanda, vanotanga kuchibaya nekuteerera beep yemuchina (ichiratidza kuti yave nguva yehardware itsva), kutenderedza anvil turntable, kuona mufananidzo we3D wechikamu pane controller, uyezve kuisa chikamu chinotevera chehardware.
Fungidzira chiitiko apo mushandisi anoisa chidimbu chemudziyo chimwe nechimwe, achishandisa auto feed uye kushandura anvil turntable sezvinodiwa.Iyo inobva yamira mushure mekunge chimbo chepamusoro chabata chigadziro chekuzvidyisa kubva muvhavha uye chinodonhera pane workpiece pane anvil.Mutongi anozoyambira mushandisi kuti ma fasteners ndiwo hurefu husina kunaka.
Sokutsanangura kunoita Boggs, "Mukuseta-up mode, mutori wenhau anodzikisa zvishoma nezvishoma muteresi uye anorekodha nzvimbo yawo.Saka kana ichimhanya nekumhanya kuzere uye chigadziriso chinobata chishandiso, iyo sisitimu inovimbisa kuti kureba kwechigadziriso kunoenderana nezvakatsanangurwa [[Kushivirira] Zviyero kunze kwerenji, kureba, kana kupfupika kwazvo, zvinokonzeresa chikanganiso chehurefu Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuona kwechisimbiso (hapana vacuum mumudziyo wepamusoro, kazhinji unokonzereswa nezvikanganiso zvehardware) uye tonnage hwindo rekutarisa uye gadziriso inogadziridza otomatiki system yevhavhavha (mune magadzirirwo emagetsi evhavhavha) inogadzirisa otomatiki system.
"Hardware madhindi ane kuzviongorora anogona kuve mukana wakakura wemarobhoti module," akadaro Boggs.“Mukugadzikwa kwoga, robhoti rinofambisa bepa panzvimbo chaiyo rotumira chiratidzo kumuchina wokudhinda, chaizvoizvo richiti, 'Ndiri panzvimbo chaiyo, enda mberi uye wotanga muchina wacho.'
Muchina wehardware unochengeta mapini eanvil (akaiswa mumakomba musheet metal workpiece) akachena.Iyo vacuum mupunch yepamusoro ndeye yakajairika, zvinoreva kuti kune ma fasteners.Kuziva nezve izvi zvese, vezvenhau vakatumira chiratidzo kune bot.
Sekutaura kunoita Boggs, “Muchina wekudhinda unotarisa pazvinhu zvese uye woti kurobhoti, 'Zvakanaka, ndakanaka.'Iyo inotanga kutenderera kutenderera, kutarisa kuvepo kwezvitsigiro uye kureba kwavo chaiko.Kana kutenderera kwapera, ita shuwa kuti kumanikidza kunoshandiswa kuisa Hardware kwakaringana, wobva watumira chiratidzo kurobhoti kuti kutenderera kwekudhinda kwapera.Iyo robhoti inogamuchira izvi uye inoziva zvese zvakachena uye inogona kufambisa iyo workpiece kune inotevera gomba.”
Ese aya macheki emuchina, aimbove akagadzirirwa vashandisi vemaoko, zvinonyatsopa hwaro hwakanaka hwekuwedzera otomatiki.Boggs navan de Boor vanotsanangura kumwe kuvandudzwa kwakadai semamwe magadzirirwo anobatsira kudzivirira mashiti kubva kunamira kune anvil."Dzimwe nguva zvisungo zvinonamatira mushure mekutenderera," Boggs akadaro."Iri idambudziko rekuzvarwa kana uchimanikidza zvinhu.Kana yanamira muchishandiso chepasi, mushandisi anogona kushandura chidimbu chebasa zvishoma kuti chibude. ”
Mufananidzo 4. Shuttle bolt ine dowel pin.Kana yangogadzikwa, chivharo chinodyisa midziyo kumudziyo wepamusoro, iyo inoshandisa vacuum pressure kuitira kuti midziyo inogona kuchengetedzwa uye kutakurwa kune workpiece.Iyo anvil (pazasi kuruboshwe) iri pane imwe yeina turrets.
Zvinosuruvarisa, marobhoti haana hunyanzvi hwemunhu anoshanda."Saka ikozvino kune madhizaini ekudhinda anobatsira kubvisa maworkpiece, anobatsira kusundira mafasteners kubva muchishandiso, saka hapana chekunamatira mushure mekutenderera kwenhau."
Mimwe michina ine huro hwakadzama hwakasiyana kubatsira robhoti kufambisa iyo workpiece mukati uye kunze kwenzvimbo yebasa.Kutsikirira kunogonawo kusanganisira zvitsigiro zvinobatsira marobhoti (nevashandi vemaoko, nezvenyaya iyoyo) kuchengetedza mabasa avo.
Pakupedzisira, kuvimbika kunokosha.Robhoti uye cobots zvinogona kuva chikamu chemhinduro, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza."Mumunda wemarobhoti anodyidzana, vatengesi vakaita nhanho huru mukuita kuti zvive nyore sezvinobvira kuvabatanidza nemichina," akadaro Boggs, "uye vanogadzira mapepanhau vakaita basa rakawanda rekusimudzira kuti vaone kuti nzira yekutaurirana yakakodzera iripo."
Asi nzira dzekutsikisa nehunyanzvi hwewekishopu, kusanganisira tsigiro yewekishopu, mirairo yebasa yakajeka (uye yakanyorwa), uye kudzidziswa kwakanaka kunoitawo basa.Boggs akawedzera kuti achiri kugashira nhare pamusoro pekushaikwa kwefasteners uye mamwe matambudziko mudhipatimendi rehardware, mazhinji ayo anoshanda nemichina yakavimbika asi yekare kwazvo.
Michina iyi inogona kunge yakavimbika, asi kuiswa kwemidziyo hakusi kwevasina hunyanzvi uye vasina hunyanzvi.Rangarira muchina wakawana hurefu husina kunaka.Cheki iri nyore iyi inodzivirira kukanganisa kudiki kubva pakuita dambudziko hombe.
Mufananidzo 5. Iyi hardware press ine turntable ine kumira uye mana zviteshi.Iyo sisitimu zvakare ine yakakosha anvil chishandiso chinobatsira mushandisi kusvika kunzvimbo dzakaoma-kusvika.Pano mafittings akaiswa pazasi peback flange.
Tim Heston, Mupepeti Mukuru weThe FABRICATOR, anga ari muindasitiri yekugadzira simbi kubvira 1998, achitanga basa rake neAmerican Welding Society's Welding Magazine.Kubva ipapo, yakafukidza ese masimbi ekugadzira maitiro kubva pakutsika, kukotama nekucheka kusvika pakukuya nekupukuta.Akabatana neThe FABRICATOR muna Gumiguru 2007.
FABRICATOR ndiyo inotungamira muNorth America kugadzira simbi uye kugadzira magazini.Magazini inoburitsa nhau, zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi uye nyaya dzebudiriro dzinogonesa vanogadzira kuita basa ravo nemazvo.FABRICATOR anga ari muindasitiri kubva 1970.
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