Mpunga.3. Chida chimodzi, chodyetsera kapu, chosinthira mwachangu chosungidwa kumanzere kabati chimayang'anira kuyang'ana kwa zida ndi kulekanitsa (chimatsimikizira kuyika bwino kwa zida ndi malo).Kabati yakumanja imakhala ndi ma anvils osiyanasiyana ndi ma shuttle.
Ron Boggs, woyang'anira malonda ndi ntchito ku Haeger North America, akupitilizabe kulandira mafoni ofanana ndi opanga panthawi yomwe akuchira ku mliri wa 2021.
"Amapitiliza kutiuza kuti, 'Eya, tikusowa zomangira,'" adatero Boggs."Zikuwoneka kuti izi zidachitika chifukwa cha vuto la ogwira ntchito."Mafakitale akamalemba anthu antchito atsopano, kaŵirikaŵiri amaika anthu osadziwa, osadziŵa zambiri patsogolo pa makina oti aikemo zipangizo.Nthawi zina amaphonya zomangira, nthawi zina amayika zomangira zolakwika.Makasitomala amabwerera ndikumaliza zoikamo.
Pamsinkhu wapamwamba, kuyika kwa hardware kumawoneka ngati ntchito yokhwima ya robotics.Pamapeto pake, chomera chikhoza kukhala ndi nkhonya zonse ndikupanga makina, kuphatikiza ma turrets, kuchotsa mbali, komanso mwina kupindika kwa robotic.Matekinoloje onsewa amatumikira gawo lalikulu la gawo la unsembe wamanja.Poganizira zonsezi, bwanji osayika robot patsogolo pa makina oyika zida?
Pazaka 20 zapitazi, Boggs wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi mafakitale ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopangira robotic.Posachedwapa, iye ndi gulu lake, kuphatikizapo Haeger Chief Engineer Sander van de Bor, akhala akugwira ntchito kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwirizanitsa cobots ndi ndondomeko yoyikapo (onani Chithunzi 1).
Komabe, onse a Boggs ndi VanderBose akugogomezera kuti kuyang'ana pa robotiki nthawi zina kumatha kunyalanyaza vuto lalikulu loyika zida.Kuyika kodalirika, kokhazikika komanso kosinthika kumafunikira zomangira zambiri, kuphatikiza kusasinthika kwazinthu komanso kusinthasintha.
Nkhalambayo inafa koopsa.Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mwambiwu pa makina osindikizira nkhonya, koma amakhudzanso makina osindikizira omwe ali ndi zida zopangira chakudya, makamaka chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake.Wogwira ntchitoyo amayika zomangira ndi zigawo pansi pa chithandizo asanaziike pamanja muzosindikiza.Anakankha pedal.Woboolayo amatsika, amalumikizana ndi workpiece ndikupanga kukakamiza kuti alowetse zidazo.Ndi zophweka - mpaka chinachake chitalakwika, ndithudi.
"Ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo sakulabadira, chidacho chimagwa ndikugwira ntchito popanda kukakamiza," adatero van de Bor.Chifukwa chiyani kwenikweni?"Zipangizo zakale sizinayankhe molakwika ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito samadziwa kwenikweni za izi."Wogwira ntchitoyo sakanatha kuyika phazi lake pazitsulo panthawi yonseyi, zomwe zingayambitse ntchito ya chitetezo cha makina osindikizira."Chida chapamwamba chili ndi ma volts asanu ndi limodzi, chida chapansi chimakhala chokhazikika, ndipo makina osindikizira ayenera kuzindikira kuti akuyenda bwino asanayambe kukakamiza."
Makina osindikizira akale amakhalanso opanda zomwe zimatchedwa "windo la tonnage", lomwe ndilo mndandanda wazovuta zomwe zidazo zingathe kuikidwa bwino.Makina osindikizira amakono angaganize kuti kupanikizika kumeneku n’kotsika kwambiri kapena kokwera kwambiri.Chifukwa makina osindikizira akale alibe zenera la tonnage, Boggs anafotokoza, ogwira ntchito nthawi zina amasintha kupanikizika mwa kusintha valavu kuti athetse vutoli."Nyimbo zina zokwera kwambiri ndipo zina zotsika kwambiri," adatero Boggs."Kusintha pamanja kumatsegula mwayi wosiyanasiyana.Ngati zatsika kwambiri, mwayika hardware molakwika.”"Kupanikizika kwambiri kumatha kusokoneza gawo kapena chomangiracho."
“Makina akale nawonso analibe mamita,” akuwonjezera motero van de Boer, “zimene zikanachititsa ogwiritsira ntchito kutaya zomangira.”
Kulowetsa hardware pamanja kungawoneke kosavuta, koma ndondomekoyi ndi yovuta kukonza.Kuti zinthu ziipireipire, ntchito za hardware nthawi zambiri zimachitika pambuyo pake muzitsulo zamtengo wapatali, mutadzaza kusiyana ndikupangidwa.Mavuto a zida amatha kusokoneza kupaka ufa ndi kusonkhanitsa, nthawi zambiri chifukwa wogwiritsa ntchito mosamala komanso wakhama amapanga zolakwika zazing'ono zomwe zimasanduka mutu.
Chithunzi 1. Cobot ikuwonetsa gawolo polowetsa zidazo mu makina osindikizira, omwe ali ndi mbale zinayi ndi ma shuttle anayi odziimira omwe amadyetsa zipangizozo muzosindikiza.Chithunzi: Hagrid
Kwa zaka zambiri, teknoloji yolowetsa hardware yathetsa mutuwu pozindikira ndi kuthetsa magwero awa a kusinthasintha.Okhazikitsa zida sayenera kukhala gwero lamavuto ambiri chifukwa amasiya kuyang'ana kumapeto kwa kusintha kwawo.
Gawo loyamba la automating koyenera unsembe, mbale kudya (onani mkuyu 2), amachotsa mbali yotopetsa kwambiri ndondomeko: tagwira pamanja ndi kuika zovekera pa workpiece.M'makonzedwe apamwamba a chakudya chapamwamba, makina osindikizira kapu amatumiza zomangira ku shuttle yomwe imadyetsa hardware ku chida chapamwamba.Wogwira ntchitoyo amayika chogwirira ntchito pachida chapansi (anvil) ndikukankhira chopondapo.nkhonya imatsitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito vacuum pressure kukweza hardware kunja kwa shuttle, kubweretsa hardware pafupi ndi workpiece.Makina osindikizira amagwiritsira ntchito kukakamiza ndipo kuzungulira kwatha.
Zikuwoneka zosavuta, koma ngati mukumba mozama, mutha kupeza zovuta zina.Choyamba, zida ziyenera kudyetsedwa m'malo ogwirira ntchito mwadongosolo.Apa ndipamene chida cha bootstrap chimayamba kusewera.Chidachi chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri.Mmodzi wodzipatulira ku malo amaonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zomwe zimachokera m'mbale zimayikidwa bwino.Zina zimatsimikizira kugawanika koyenera, kugwirizanitsa ndi kuika zida.Kuchokera pamenepo, zidazo zimayenda kudzera pa chitoliro kupita ku shuttle yomwe imadyetsa zida ku chida chapamwamba.
Vutoli ndi ili: Zida zopangira ma autofeed - zowongolera ndi zogawa, ndi ma shuttles - ziyenera kusinthidwa ndikusungidwa kuti zigwire ntchito nthawi iliyonse pomwe zida zimasinthidwa.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma hardware imakhudza momwe imaperekera mphamvu kumalo ogwirira ntchito, kotero zida za hardware ndizowona ndipo sizingapangidwe kuchokera ku equation.
Popeza woyendetsa kutsogolo kwa makina osindikizira sakhalanso nthawi yonyamula (mwina kutsitsa) ndikuyika zida, nthawi pakati pa kuika imachepetsedwa kwambiri.Koma ndi zida zonsezi zokhudzana ndi hardware, mbale yodyera imawonjezeranso mphamvu zotembenuza.Zida zodzilimbitsa zokha 832 sizoyenera mtedza 632.
Kuti alowe m'malo mwa mbale yakale ya mbale ziwiri, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti chida cholozera chikugwirizana bwino ndi chida chogawanika."Ayeneranso kuyang'ana kugwedezeka kwa mbale, nthawi ya mpweya komanso kuyika kwa payipi," adatero Boggs."Ayenera kuyang'ana kayendedwe ka shuttle ndi vacuum.Mwachidule, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amayenera kuyang'ana momwe akugwiritsidwira ntchito kuti atsimikizire kuti chidacho chikugwira ntchito momwe chiyenera kukhalira. "
Ogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zapadera zomwe zimatha kukhala chifukwa cha zovuta zopezeka (kuyika zida m'malo olimba), zida zachilendo, kapena zonse ziwiri.Kuyika kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsa ntchito chida chopangidwa mwapadera.Kutengera izi, akutero a Boggs, chida chamtundu uliwonse chosindikizira chikho chokhazikika chidapangidwa.Chidacho chili ndi zowongolera ndi zosankha (onani mkuyu 3).
van de Boer anati: “Anapangidwa kuti azitha kusintha mwachangu."Zigawo zonse zowongolera, kuphatikiza mpweya ndi kugwedezeka, nthawi ndi china chilichonse, zimayendetsedwa ndi kompyuta, kotero woyendetsa safunikira kusintha kapena kusintha."
Mothandizidwa ndi dowels, chirichonse chimakhala mu mzere umodzi (onani mkuyu 4)."Wogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kuda nkhawa ndi kuwongolera akasintha.Nthawi zonse zimakhala bwino chifukwa chilichonse chimakhala chokhazikika, "adatero Boggs."Zida zimangowonongeka."
Wogwiritsa ntchito akayika pepala pa makina osindikizira a hardware, amamangirira mabowowo ndi chomangira chogwirira ntchito ndi zomangira za m'mimba mwake.Mfundo yakuti ma diameter atsopano amafunikira zida zatsopano za anvil zapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kupanga zaka zambiri.
Tangoganizani fakitale yomwe ili ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri wodula ndi kupinda, kusintha zida zodziwikiratu, magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena kupanga kwathunthu.Gawolo limalowa muzitsulo za hardware, ndipo ngati gawolo likufuna mtundu wina wa hardware, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amapita kuzinthu zambiri.Mwachitsanzo, amatha kuyika mtanda wa zidutswa 50, kusintha ma anvils, ndiyeno amalowetsa hardware yatsopano m'mabowo olondola.
Makina osindikizira a hardware okhala ndi turret amasintha zochitika.Ogwiritsa ntchito tsopano amatha kuyika zida zamtundu umodzi, kutembenuza turret, ndikutsegula chidebe chokhala ndi mitundu kuti apeze zida zamtundu wina, zonse munjira imodzi (onani Chithunzi 5).
"Kutengera kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe muli nawo, simungaphonye kulumikizana ndi zida," adatero van de Bor."Mumachita gawo lonselo ndikudutsa kamodzi kuti musaphonye sitepe imodzi kumapeto."
Kuphatikizika kwa chakudya cha kapu ndi turret pamakina osindikizira kumatha kupangitsa kuti zida zichitike mu dipatimenti ya hardware.Poyikapo, wopanga amawonetsetsa kuti mbaleyo imakhala ndi zida zazikulu wamba, ndiyeno amayika zida zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi m'mitsuko yokhala ndi mitundu pafupi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.Ogwira ntchito akatenga gawo lomwe limafunikira zida zingapo, amayamba kuyiyika pomvetsera beep ya makina (kusonyeza kuti nthawi ya hardware yatsopano yakwana), kutembenuza anvil turntable, kuyang'ana chithunzi cha 3D cha gawo pa wolamulira, ndiyeno kulowetsa gawo lotsatira la hardware.
Tangoganizani chochitika chomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amayika chida chimodzi chimodzi chimodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya chodziyimira pawokha ndikutembenuza chosinthira ngati pakufunika.Imayima pambuyo pa chida chapamwamba chikagwira cholumikizira chodzidyetsa kuchokera ku shuttle ndikugwera pa chogwirira ntchito pa anvil.Woyang'anira adzachenjeza wogwiritsa ntchito kuti zomangira ndi kutalika kolakwika.
Monga Boggs akufotokozera, "Pokhazikitsa, makina osindikizira amatsitsa pang'onopang'ono slider ndikulemba malo ake.Chifukwa chake ikamathamanga kwambiri ndipo chiwongolero chake chimakhudza chidacho, makinawo amatsimikizira kuti kutalika kwazomwe zimapangidwira kumafanana ndi zomwe [[Kulekerera] Miyezo yotalikirapo, yotalika kwambiri, kapena yayifupi kwambiri, imayambitsa cholakwika chautali.
"Makina osindikizira a Hardware omwe amadzizindikira okha amatha kukhala mwayi waukulu kwa ma robotic module," adatero Boggs.“Popanga makina, lobotiyo imasuntha pepalalo pamalo oyenera ndikutumiza chizindikiro kwa atolankhani, makamaka kunena kuti, 'Ndili bwino, pitirizani kuyambitsa makinawo.'
Makina osindikizira a hardware amasunga mapini a anvil (oikidwa m'mabowo a pepala lachitsulo) kukhala oyera.Vacuum pamwamba pa nkhonya ndi yachibadwa, kutanthauza kuti pali zomangira.Podziwa zonsezi, atolankhani adatumiza chizindikiro ku bot.
Monga Boggs amanenera, "Makina osindikizira amayang'ana chilichonse ndikuuza loboti, 'Chabwino, ndili bwino.'Imayamba kuzungulira kwa stamping, kuyang'ana kukhalapo kwa zomangira ndi kutalika kwake kolondola.Ngati kuzungulira kwatha, onetsetsani kuti kukakamiza komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika hardware ndikolondola, ndiye tumizani chizindikiro kwa robot kuti kuzungulira kwa atolankhani kwatha.Loboti imalandira izi ndipo imadziwa kuti zonse ndi zoyera ndipo zimatha kusuntha chogwirira ntchito ku dzenje lotsatira.”
Macheke onsewa pamakina, omwe poyamba adapangidwira ogwiritsa ntchito pamanja, amapereka maziko abwino opangira makina owonjezera.Boggs ndi van de Boor amafotokozanso zosintha zina monga mapangidwe ena omwe amathandizira kuti mapepala asamamatirane ndi anvil."Nthawi zina zomangira zimamatira pambuyo pa masitampu," adatero Boggs.“Ndivuto lachibadwa pamene mukukakamiza zinthu.Ikalowa m'chida chapansi, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amatha kutembenuza pang'ono ntchitoyo kuti ayitulutse. ”
Chithunzi 4. Shuttle bolt ndi pini ya dowel.Kamodzi kukhazikitsidwa, shuttle imadyetsa zida ku chida chapamwamba, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya vacuum kuti zipangizozo zikhale zotetezedwa ndi kutumizidwa ku workpiece.Nkhokwe (pansi kumanzere) ili pa imodzi mwa ma turrets anayi.
Tsoka ilo, maloboti alibe luso la munthu."Chifukwa chake tsopano pali zojambula zomwe zimathandizira kuchotsa zida zogwirira ntchito, zimathandizira kukankhira zomangira kuchokera pachidacho, kotero palibe kumamatira pambuyo poti atolankhani."
Makina ena ali ndi kuya kwapakhosi kosiyanasiyana kuthandiza loboti kuyendetsa chogwirira ntchito kulowa ndi kutuluka m'malo ogwirira ntchito.Makina osindikizira amathanso kuphatikiza zothandizira zomwe zimathandiza maloboti (ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pamanja, pankhaniyi) kuyika bwino ntchito zawo.
Pamapeto pake, kudalirika ndikofunikira.Maloboti ndi ma cobots amatha kukhala gawo la yankho, kuwapangitsa kukhala osavuta kuphatikiza."M'malo opangira ma robot ogwirira ntchito, ogulitsa apita patsogolo kwambiri kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti azitha kuziphatikiza ndi makina," adatero Boggs, "ndipo opanga makina osindikizira achita ntchito zambiri zachitukuko kuti atsimikizire kuti njira yoyenera yolankhulirana ikuchitika."
Koma njira zosindikizira ndi njira zogwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo kuthandizira kwa workpiece, malangizo omveka bwino (ndi olembedwa) a ntchito, ndi maphunziro oyenerera amathandizanso.Boggs adawonjezeranso kuti amalandilabe mafoni okhudza zomangira zosowa ndi zovuta zina mu dipatimenti ya hardware, ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito ndi makina odalirika koma akale kwambiri.
Makinawa akhoza kukhala odalirika, koma kuyika kwa zida sikuli kwa anthu osaphunzira komanso osachita bwino.Kumbukirani makina omwe adapeza kutalika kolakwika.Cheke chosavutachi chimalepheretsa cholakwika chaching'ono kuti chisanduke vuto lalikulu.
Chithunzi 5. Makina osindikizira a hardwarewa ali ndi turntable yokhala ndi maimidwe ndi masiteshoni anayi.Dongosololi limakhalanso ndi chida chapadera cha anvil chomwe chimathandiza wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kuti afikire malo ovuta kufika.Apa zoyikazo zimayikidwa pansi pa flange yakumbuyo.
Tim Heston, Mkonzi Wamkulu wa The FABRICATOR, wakhala ali mu makampani opanga zitsulo kuyambira 1998, akuyamba ntchito yake ndi American Welding Society's Welding Magazine.Kuyambira pamenepo, yaphimba njira zonse zopangira zitsulo kuyambira kupondaponda, kupindika ndi kudula mpaka kupera ndi kupukuta.Adalowa nawo The FABRICATOR mu Okutobala 2007.
FABRICATOR ndi magazini otsogola ku North America opanga zitsulo komanso kupanga zitsulo.Magaziniyi imasindikiza nkhani, zolemba zamakono ndi nkhani zopambana zomwe zimathandiza opanga kupanga ntchito yawo bwino.FABRICATOR wakhala akugulitsa kuyambira 1970.
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