Inqwaba yezikhali zokushisela ezitholakalayo zokulwa nomsebenzi wokulungisa insimbi ikhule kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, kufaka phakathi uhlu lwezinhlamvu zamagama zabashiseli.
Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, cishe usufundile ukushisela ngomshini wokushisela we-SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc noma Electrode).
Iminyaka yawo-1990 yasilethela ukushiswa kwe-MIG (igesi yensimbi engenasici) noma i-FCAW (igesi ye-flux-cored arc welding), okwabangela ukuthi ama-buzzers amaningi ayeke ukusebenza. Muva nje, ubuchwepheshe be-TIG (igesi ye-tungsten engenasici) bungene ezitolo zezolimo njengendlela efanelekile yokuhlanganisa insimbi yeshidi, i-aluminium kanye nensimbi engagqwali.
Ukuthandwa okwandayo kwabashiseli bezinhloso eziningi manje kusho ukuthi zonke izinqubo ezine zingasetshenziswa ephaketheni elilodwa.
Ngezansi kunezifundo ezimfushane zokushisela ezizothuthukisa amakhono akho ukuze uthole imiphumela ethembekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa yiphi inqubo yokushisela.
UJody Collier unikele umsebenzi wakhe ekuqeqeshweni kokushisela kanye nokushisela. Amawebhusayithi akhe i-Weldingtipsandtricks.com kanye ne-Welding-TV.com agcwele amathiphu namaqhinga asebenzayo azo zonke izinhlobo zokushisela.
Igesi ekhethwayo yokushisela i-MIG yi-carbon dioxide (CO2). Nakuba i-CO2 iyonga futhi ilungele ukudala ukushisela okujulile ezinsimbini ezijiyile, le gesi yokuvikela ingaba shushu kakhulu lapho kushiselwa izinsimbi ezincane. Yingakho uJody Collier encoma ukushintshela engxubeni ye-argon engu-75% kanye ne-carbon dioxide engu-25%.
“O, ungasebenzisa i-argon emsulwa ukushisela i-MIG i-aluminium noma insimbi, kodwa izinto ezincane kakhulu kuphela,” esho. “Konke okunye kushiselwe kabi nge-argon emsulwa.”
UCollier uphawula ukuthi kunezingxube eziningi zegesi emakethe, njenge-helium-argon-CO2, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuzithola futhi ziyabiza.
Uma ulungisa insimbi engagqwali epulazini, kuzodingeka wengeze izingxube ezimbili ze-argon engu-100% noma i-argon ne-helium yokushisela i-aluminium kanye nengxube ye-argon engu-90%, i-helium engu-7.5% kanye ne-carbon dioxide engu-2.5%.
Ukuvuleka kwe-MIG weld kuncike kugesi evikelayo. I-Carbon dioxide (phezulu kwesokudla) inikeza ukushisela okujulile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-argon-CO2 (phezulu kwesobunxele).
Ngaphambi kokulungisa i-arcing uma ulungisa i-aluminium, qiniseka ukuthi uyihlanza kahle i-weld ukuze ugweme ukubhubhisa i-weld.
Ukuhlanzwa kwe-weld kubalulekile ngoba i-alumina iyancibilika ku-3700°F kanti izinsimbi eziyisisekelo ziyancibilika ku-1200°F. Ngakho-ke, noma iyiphi i-oxide (i-oxidation noma ukugqwala okumhlophe) noma uwoyela endaweni elungisiwe kuzovimbela ukungena kwensimbi yokugcwalisa.
Ukususwa kwamafutha kuza kuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, futhi kuphela lapho, lapho ukungcola kwe-oxidative kufanele kususwe khona. Ungashintshi ukuhleleka, kuxwayisa uJoel Otter weMiller Electric.
Njengoba imishini yokushisela ngocingo yayithandwa kakhulu ngawo-1990, abashiseli bezinyosi abasebenzayo baphoqeleka ukuthi baqoqe uthuli emakhoneni ezitolo.
Ngokungafani nalawo ma-buzzer amadala ayesetshenziselwa kuphela imisebenzi yamandla ashintshanayo (AC), ama-welders anamuhla asebenza kokubili kumandla ashintshanayo kanye namandla aqondile (DC), eshintsha i-polarity yokuwelda izikhathi ezingu-120 ngomzuzwana.
Izinzuzo ezinikezwa yilolu shintsho olusheshayo lwe-polarity zinkulu kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukuqala okulula, ukunamathela okuncane, ukuchitheka okuncane, ukushisela okukhangayo, kanye nokushisela okulula okuqondile nokuphezulu.
Uma kuhlanganiswa neqiniso lokuthi ukushisela okunamathelayo kukhiqiza ukushisela okujulile, kuhle kakhulu emsebenzini wangaphandle (igesi yokuvikela i-MIG ipheshulwa umoya), isebenza kahle ngezinto ezijiyile, futhi ishisa ngokugqwala, ukungcola, nopende. Imishini yokushisela nayo iyaphatheka futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ngakho ungabona ukuthi kungani umshini omusha wokushisela we-electrode noma we-multi-processor ufanele ukutshalwa imali.
UJoel Orth weMiller Electric unikeza izinkomba ze-electrode ezilandelayo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe vakashela ku-: millerwelds.com/resources/welding-guides/stick-welding-guide/stick-welding-tips.
Igesi ye-hydrogen iyingozi enkulu yokushisela, ebangela ukubambezeleka kokushisela, ukuqhekeka kwe-HAZ okwenzeka emahoreni noma ezinsukwini ngemuva kokushisela kuqediwe, noma kokubili.
Kodwa-ke, usongo lwe-hydrogen luvame ukususwa kalula ngokuhlanza insimbi kahle. Kususa uwoyela, ukugqwala, upende nanoma yimuphi umswakama njengoba kungumthombo we-hydrogen.
Kodwa-ke, i-hydrogen isalokhu iyingozi lapho kushiselwa insimbi enamandla amakhulu (esetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini yezolimo yesimanje), amaphrofayili ensimbi aqinile, nasezindaweni zokushisela ezinqunyelwe kakhulu. Lapho ulungisa lezi zinto, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa i-electrode ye-hydrogen ephansi bese ushisa kusengaphambili indawo yokushisela.
UJody Collier uveza ukuthi izimbobo ezinjengomoya noma amabhamuza amancane omoya avela ebusweni be-weld kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuthi i-weld yakho inezimbobo, okuyinto ayibheka njengenkinga yokuqala ngoku-welding.
Ukugoba kwe-weld kungaba ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa ama-surface pores, ama-wormholes, ama-crater, kanye nemigodi, okubonakalayo (ebusweni) kanye nokungabonakali (ekujuleni kwe-weld).
UCollier uphinde eluleka, “Vumela ichibi lihlale lincibilikile isikhathi eside, okuvumela igesi ukuthi ibile iphume ku-weld ngaphambi kokuba iqine.”
Nakuba ububanzi bentambo obuvame kakhulu bungamasentimitha angu-0.035 no-0.045, ucingo oluncane olunobubanzi lwenza kube lula ukwakha i-weld enhle. UCarl Huss weLincoln Electric uncoma ukusebenzisa ucingo oluyi-0.025″, ikakhulukazi lapho kushintshwa izinto ezincane eziyi-1/8″ noma ngaphansi.
Uchaze ukuthi iningi labashiseli livame ukwenza ama-weld amakhulu kakhulu, okungaholela ekushisweni. Intambo encane enobubanzi inikeza i-weld eqinile kakhulu kumandla aphansi okwenza kube lula ukushiswa.
Qaphela lapho usebenzisa le ndlela ezintweni ezijiyile (3⁄16″ futhi zijiyile), njengoba ucingo olunobubanzi obungu-0.025″ lungabangela ukuncibilika okunganele.
Uma nje sekufezeke iphupho kubalimi abafuna indlela engcono yokushisela izinsimbi ezincane, i-aluminium kanye nensimbi engagqwali, abashiseli be-TIG sebevame kakhulu ezitolo zasemapulazini ngenxa yokuthandwa okwandayo kwabashiseli be-multi-processor.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, ukufunda ukushisela i-TIG akulula njengokufunda ukushisela i-MIG.
I-TIG idinga zombili izandla (eyodwa ukubamba umthombo wokushisa ku-electrode ye-tungsten eshisayo elangeni, enye ukufaka induku yokugcwalisa ku-arc) kanye nonyawo olulodwa (ukusebenzisa i-foot pedal noma i-current regulator efakwe kuthoshi). Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezintathu kusetshenziselwa ukuqala, ukulungisa nokumisa ukugeleza kwamanje).
Ukuze bagweme imiphumela efana neyami, abaqalayo kanye nalabo abafuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo bangasebenzisa lawa macebiso okushisela e-TIG, ngamazwi kaMiller Electric, umeluleki uRon Covell, amathiphu okushisela: Imfihlo Yempumelelo Yokushisela e-TIG.
Ikusasa: Libazisa okungenani imizuzu eyi-10. Ulwazi lunikezwa “njengoba lunjalo” ngezinjongo zolwazi kuphela hhayi ngezinjongo zokuhweba noma izincomo. Ukuze ubuke konke ukubambezeleka kokushintshana kanye nemigomo yokusebenzisa, bheka ku-https://www.barchart.com/solutions/terms.