Uluhlu lwezixhobo zokuwelda ezikhoyo zokulwa nomsebenzi wokulungisa isinyithi lukhule kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo, kuquka noluhlu lwamagama olubhalwe ngoonobumba abaphambili.
Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, mhlawumbi sele ufunde indlela yokuwelda ngomatshini wokuwelda we-SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc okanye Electrode).
Iminyaka yoo-1990 yasizisela ukusebenziseka lula kwe-MIG (igesi yentsimbi engenasici) okanye i-FCAW (i-flux-cored arc welding), nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ii-buzzers ezininzi ziyeke ukusebenza. Kutshanje, ubuchwepheshe be-TIG (igesi engenasici ye-tungsten) bufikelele kwiindawo zokuthengisa ezolimo njengendlela efanelekileyo yokudibanisa isinyithi, i-aluminium kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo.
Ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwabawelda abasebenzisa imisebenzi emininzi ngoku kuthetha ukuba zonke iinkqubo ezine zingasetyenziswa kwiphakheji enye.
Apha ngezantsi kukho izifundo ezimfutshane zokuwelda eziya kuphucula izakhono zakho ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezithembekileyo, nokuba usebenzisa yiphi na inkqubo yokuwelda.
UJody Collier uzinikele kumsebenzi wakhe wokuqeqesha ukuwelda kunye nokuwelda. Iiwebhusayithi zakhe iWeldingtipsandtricks.com kunye neWelding-TV.com zizaliswe ziingcebiso ezisebenzayo kunye namaqhinga azo zonke iintlobo zokuwelda.
Igesi ekhethwayo yokuwelda i-MIG yi-carbon dioxide (CO2). Nangona i-CO2 ingabizi kwaye ifanelekile ekwenzeni ii-welds ezinzulu kwiintsimbi ezityebileyo, le gesi yokukhusela ingaba shushu kakhulu xa iwelda iintsimbi ezincinci. Yiyo loo nto uJody Collier ecebisa ukuba utshintshele kumxube we-75% argon kunye ne-25% carbon dioxide.
“Owu, ungasebenzisa i-argon ecocekileyo ukuwelda i-aluminium okanye intsimbi ye-MIG, kodwa kuphela izinto ezincinci kakhulu,” utshilo. “Yonke enye into iwelding ngendlela embi kakhulu nge-argon ecocekileyo.”
UCollier uqaphela ukuba kukho imixube emininzi yegesi ethengiswayo, efana ne-helium-argon-CO2, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuyifumana kwaye ibiza kakhulu.
Ukuba ulungisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo eplasini, kuya kufuneka wongeze imixube emibini ye-100% argon okanye i-argon kunye ne-helium yokuwelda i-aluminium kunye nomxube we-90% argon, i-7.5% helium kunye ne-2.5% carbon dioxide.
Ukuvuleka kwe-MIG weld kuxhomekeke kwigesi ekhuselayo. I-Carbon dioxide (phezulu ngasekunene) ibonelela nge-welding yokungena ngokunzulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-argon-CO2 (phezulu ngasekhohlo).
Ngaphambi kokuba ulungise i-arce xa ulungisa i-aluminium, qiniseka ukuba uyicoca kakuhle i-weld ukuze ungatshabalalisi i-weld.
Ukucocwa kwe-weld kubalulekile kuba i-alumina iyanyibilika kwi-3700°F kwaye iintsimbi ezisisiseko ziyanyibilika kwi-1200°F. Ke ngoko, nayiphi na i-oxide (i-oxidation okanye i-white corrosion) okanye ioyile kumphezulu olungisiweyo iya kuthintela ukungena kwesinyithi esizalisayo.
Ukususwa kwamafutha kuza kuqala. Emva koko, kwaye kuphela emva koko, kufuneka kususwe ungcoliseko lwe-oxidative. Musa ukutshintsha indlela ecwangcisiweyo, ulumkisa uJoel Otter weMiller Electric.
Ngenxa yokwanda kokuthandwa koomatshini bokutywina ucingo ngeminyaka yoo-1990, abachweli beenyosi abavavanyiweyo nabanyanisekileyo baphoqeleka ukuba baqokelele uthuli kwiikona zeevenkile.
Ngokungafaniyo nezo buzzers zakudala ezazisetyenziselwa kuphela imisebenzi ye-alternating current (AC), ii-welders zanamhlanje zisebenza kwi-alternating current kunye ne-direct current (DC), zitshintsha i-welding polarity izihlandlo ezili-120 ngomzuzwana.
Iingenelo ezibonelelwa lolu tshintsho lwe-polarity olukhawulezileyo zinkulu kakhulu, kuquka ukuqala lula, ukunamathela kancinci, ukuchitheka kancinci, ukuwelda okunomtsalane ngakumbi, kunye nokuwelda okulula ngokuthe nkqo nangaphezulu.
Xa idibene nenyaniso yokuba i-stick welding ivelisa ii-welds ezinzulu, ilungele umsebenzi wangaphandle (igesi yokukhusela i-MIG ivuthuzwa ngumoya), isebenza kakuhle ngezinto ezixineneyo, kwaye iyatsha ngenxa yomhlwa, uthuli, kunye nepeyinti. Iimatshini zokudibanisa nazo ziyaphatheka kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa, ngoko ungabona ukuba kutheni i-electrode entsha okanye umatshini wokudibanisa iiprosesa ezininzi ufanelekile utyalo-mali.
UJoel Orth weMiller Electric unikezela ngezi zikhokelo ze-electrode zilandelayo. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya ndwendwela: millerwelds.com/resources/welding-guides/stick-welding-guide/stick-welding-tips.
Igesi ye-hydrogen iyingozi enkulu yokuwelda, ebangela ukulibaziseka kokuwelda, ukuqhekeka kwe-HAZ okwenzeka kwiiyure okanye kwiintsuku emva kokuba ukuwelda kugqityiwe, okanye zombini ezo zinto.
Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko we-hydrogen udla ngokususwa ngokulula ngokucoca isinyithi kakuhle. Isusa ioyile, umhlwa, ipeyinti kunye naluphi na umswakama kuba zingumthombo we-hydrogen.
Nangona kunjalo, i-hydrogen ihlala iyingozi xa kudityaniswa intsimbi enamandla kakhulu (esetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zanamhlanje zezolimo), iiprofayili zesinyithi ezixineneyo, nakwiindawo zokudityaniswa ezithintelweyo kakhulu. Xa ulungisa ezi zinto, qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa i-electrode ye-hydrogen ephantsi kwaye ufudumale kwangaphambili indawo yokudityaniswa.
UJody Collier uthi imingxunya efana nesiponji okanye amaqamza omoya amancinci avela kumphezulu we-weld luphawu oluqinisekileyo lokuba i-weld yakho ineembobo, nto leyo ayijonga njengengxaki yokuqala nge-welding.
Ukuxinana kwe-weld kunokuthatha iindlela ezininzi, kuquka ii-surface pores, ii-wormholes, ii-craters, kunye ne-cavities, ezibonakalayo (phezu komphezulu) kunye nezingabonakaliyo (nzulu kwi-weld).
UCollier ukwacebisa athi, “Vumela idama lihlale linyibilika ixesha elide, livumele igesi ukuba ibile kwi-weld ngaphambi kokuba iqine.”
Nangona ubukhulu bentambo obuqhelekileyo buyi-0.035 kunye ne-0.045 intshi, ucingo oluncinci olunobubanzi lwenza kube lula ukwenza i-weld elungileyo. UCarl Huss weLincoln Electric ucebisa ukusebenzisa ucingo oluyi-0.025″, ingakumbi xa kudityaniswa izinto ezincinci ezi-1/8″ okanye ngaphantsi.
Ucacisile ukuba uninzi lwabawelda badla ngokwenza ii-weld ezinkulu kakhulu, nto leyo enokubangela ukutsha. Intambo encinci enobubanzi inika i-weld eqinileyo ngakumbi kumbane ophantsi okwenza kube lula ukutsha.
Lumka xa usebenzisa le ndlela kwizinto ezityebileyo (3⁄16″ nangaphezulu), njengoko ucingo olunobubanzi obuyi-0.025″ lunokubangela ukunyibilika okunganelanga.
Xa sele iphupha nje lizalisekile kubalimi abafuna indlela engcono yokuwelda iintsimbi ezincinci, i-aluminium kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo, abawelda be-TIG baqheleka kakhulu kwiivenkile zasefama ngenxa yokuthandwa okukhulayo kwabawelda be-multi-processor.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokusekelwe kumava akho, ukufunda ukuwelda nge-TIG akulula njengokufunda ukuwelda nge-MIG.
I-TIG ifuna izandla zombini (esinye ukubamba umthombo wobushushu kwi-electrode ye-tungsten eshushu lilanga, esinye ukufaka intonga yokuzalisa kwi-arc) kunye nonyawo olunye (ukusebenzisa i-foot pedal okanye i-current regulator efakwe kwitotshi). Ulungelelwaniso lweendlela ezintathu lusetyenziselwa ukuqala, ukulungisa kunye nokumisa ukuhamba kombane).
Ukuze baphephe iziphumo ezifana nezam, abaqalayo kunye nabo bafuna ukuphucula izakhono zabo banokusebenzisa la macebiso e-TIG welding, ngokwamazwi kaMiller Electric umcebisi uRon Covell, Iingcebiso zeWelding: Imfihlo yempumelelo ye-TIG Welding.
Ixesha Elizayo: Libazisa ubuncinane imizuzu eli-10. Ulwazi lunikezelwa “njengoko lunjalo” ngeenjongo zolwazi kuphela kwaye alunanjongo zorhwebo okanye iingcebiso. Ukuze ubone zonke iindlela zokulibaziseka kotshintshiselwano kunye nemigaqo yokusebenzisa, bona https://www.barchart.com/solutions/terms.