Ibikoresho byo gusudira bihari kugira ngo birwanye imirimo yo gusana ibyuma byariyongereye cyane uko imyaka yagiye ihita, harimo n'urutonde rw'inyuguti z'umusudizi.
Niba ufite imyaka irenga 50, ushobora kuba warize gusudira ukoresheje imashini isudira ya SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc cyangwa Electrode).
Mu myaka ya 1990 twabonye uburyo bworoshye bwo gusudira MIG (metal inert gas) cyangwa FCAW (flux-cored arc welding), byatumye abantu benshi bahagarika gukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Vuba aha, ikoranabuhanga rya TIG (tungsten inert gas) ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu maduka y’ubuhinzi nk'uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibyuma, aluminiyumu n'ibyuma bitagira umugese.
Ukuntu abasudira bakoresha ibintu byinshi bikoreshwa mu gusudira birushaho kwiyongera, bivuze ko uburyo bwose bune bushobora gukoreshwa mu ipaki imwe.
Dore amasomo magufi yo gusudira azagufasha kunoza ubumenyi bwawe kugira ngo ubone umusaruro wizewe, uko waba ukoresha uburyo bwose bwo gusudira.
Jody Collier yahariye umwuga we mu kwigisha gusudira no gusudira. Urubuga rwe rwa interineti Weldingtipsandtricks.com na Welding-TV.com rwuzuyemo inama n'amayeri afatika ku bwoko bwose bwo gusudira.
Gazi ikunzwe cyane mu gusudira MIG ni dioxyde de carbone (CO2). Nubwo CO2 ihendutse kandi ikaba nziza mu gukora imashini zinjira mu byuma binini, iyi gaze irinda ishobora kuba ishyushye cyane iyo isudira ibyuma bito. Niyo mpamvu Jody Collier agira inama yo guhindura uruvange rwa 75% bya argon na 25% bya dioxyde de carbone.
Yagize ati: “Oh, ushobora gukoresha argon nziza kugira ngo usuke aluminiyumu cyangwa icyuma, ariko ibikoresho bito cyane ni byo byonyine.” “Ibindi byose bisunzwe nabi cyane na argon nziza.”
Collier avuga ko hari uruvange rwinshi rwa gaze ku isoko, nka helium-argon-CO2, ariko rimwe na rimwe biragoye kubibona kandi birahenze.
Niba urimo gusana ibyuma bitagira umugese mu isambu, uzakenera kongeramo uruvange rubiri rwa argon 100% cyangwa argon na helium yo gusudira aluminiyumu hamwe n'uruvange rwa argon 90%, helium 7.5% na dioxyde de carbone 2.5%.
Uburyo MIG weld inyuramo biterwa n'umwuka urinda. Diyokaruboni (hejuru iburyo) itanga uburyo bwo gusudira bwimbitse ugereranije na argon-CO2 (hejuru ibumoso).
Mbere yo gusimbuza icyuma mu gihe usana aluminiyumu, menya neza ko usukuye neza icyo cyuma kugira ngo wirinde kwangiza icyo cyuma.
Gusukura ubushuhe ni ingenzi cyane kuko alumina ishonga kuri dogere 3700 F naho ibyuma by'ibanze bigashonga kuri dogere 1200 F. Kubwibyo, okiside iyo ari yo yose (okiside cyangwa ingese yera) cyangwa amavuta ari ku buso bwasanwe bizarinda kwinjira mu cyuma cyuzuza.
Gukuraho ibinure ni byo biza mbere. Hanyuma, kandi ni bwo gusa, hagomba gukurwaho umwanda wa oxidative. Ntugahindure uko ibintu bimeze, nk'uko Joel Otter wo muri Miller Electric abiburira.
Kubera ko imashini zisudira insinga zagendaga zikura cyane mu myaka ya 1990, abasudira inzuki bagerageje kandi bahuje imiterere yabo bahatiwe gukusanya ivumbi mu mfuruka z'amaduka.
Bitandukanye n’izo mashini zishaje zakoreshwaga gusa mu mikorere y’amashanyarazi asimburana (AC), imashini zigezweho zo gusudira zikoresha umuriro usimburana (DC) n’umuriro utaziguye (AC), zihindura polarity y’amashanyarazi inshuro 120 ku isegonda.
Ibyiza bitangwa n'iyi mpinduka yihuse ya polarity ni byinshi cyane, harimo koroshya gutangira, gufunga buhoro, gusiga amazi make, gusudira neza, no gusudira byoroshye.
Iyo ukoresheje stick welding, ikora akazi ko hanze (MIG shielding gaze itwarwa n'umuyaga), ikora neza ku bikoresho binini, kandi igatwika ingese, umwanda n'irangi. Imashini zo gusudira nazo ziragendanwa kandi zoroshye gukoresha, bityo urashobora kubona impamvu imashini nshya yo gusudira ya electrode cyangwa multi-processor ikwiye gushorwamo.
Joel Orth wo muri Miller Electric atanga amabwiriza akurikira y'amashanyarazi. Kubindi bisobanuro sura: millerwelds.com/resources/welding-guides/stick-welding-guide/stick-welding-tips.
Gazi ya hydrogène ni ikibazo gikomeye cyo gusudira, gitera gutinda gusudira, gucika kwa HAZ bibaho amasaha cyangwa iminsi nyuma yo gusudira birangiye, cyangwa byombi.
Ariko, ikibazo cya hydrogen gikunze gukurwaho byoroshye iyo isukuye icyuma neza. Bikuraho amavuta, ingese, irangi n'ubushuhe ubwo aribwo bwose kuko ari isoko ya hydrogen.
Ariko, hydrogen iracyari ikibazo mu gihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bikomeye cyane (bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bigezweho by'ubuhinzi), ibyuma binini, no mu duce duto cyane two gusudira. Mu gihe usannye ibi bikoresho, menya neza ko ukoresha electrode nke ya hydrogen hanyuma ugashyushya agace kasudiramo.
Jody Collier agaragaza ko utwobo tumeze nk'udusimba cyangwa utubuto duto tw'umwuka tugaragara ku buso bw'icyuma gisudira ari ikimenyetso cy'uko icyo gisudira gifite imyenge, akaba abona ko ari cyo kibazo cya mbere mu gusudira.
Uduce tw’ubushuhe dushobora kugira imiterere myinshi, harimo utwenge two hejuru, imyenge y’imbobo, imiyoboro, n’imyobo, bigaragara (ku buso) n’ibitagaragara (byimbitse mu bushuhe).
Collier kandi agira inama agira ati: “Reka ikidendezi kigume gishonga igihe kirekire, bigatuma umwuka ubira mu cyuma mbere yuko gikonja.”
Nubwo umurambararo w'insinga ukunze kugaragara ari santimetero 0.035 na 0.045, insinga nto y'umurambararo ituma byoroha gukora imashini nziza yo gusudira. Carl Huss wo muri Lincoln Electric atanga inama yo gukoresha insinga ya santimetero 0.025, cyane cyane iyo usudira ibikoresho bito cyane bifite 1/8cm cyangwa munsi yabyo.
Yasobanuye ko abasudira benshi bakunda gukora imashini zisudira nini cyane, ibyo bikaba byatera gushya. Insinga ntoya zitanga umurambararo uhamye ku muvuduko muto bigatuma zidashya cyane.
Witondere iyo ukoresha ubu buryo ku bikoresho binini (3⁄16″ na binini), kuko insinga ifite umurambararo wa 0.025″ ishobora gutuma ishonga idakwirakwira.
Ubwo abahinzi bashakaga uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira ibyuma bito, aluminiyumu n'ibyuma bitagira umugese, abasudira ba TIG barimo kugaragara cyane mu maduka y'ubuhinzi bitewe n'uko abasudira bakoresha imashini nyinshi barushaho gukundwa.
Ariko, hashingiwe ku bunararibonye bwawe bwite, kwiga gusudira TIG ntabwo byoroshye nko kwiga gusudira MIG.
TIG isaba amaboko yombi (imwe ifata isoko y'ubushyuhe muri electrode ya tungsten ishyushye cyane, indi igashyira inkoni yuzuza mu gice cy'umuyoboro) n'ikirenge kimwe (gukoresha pedal y'ibirenge cyangwa regulator y'amashanyarazi iri ku itara). Uburyo butatu bwo guhuza bukoreshwa mu gutangiza, guhindura no guhagarika urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi).
Kugira ngo hirindwe umusaruro nk'uwanjye, abatangira n'abashaka kunoza ubuhanga bwabo bashobora kubyaza umusaruro izi nama zo gusudira za TIG, nk'uko byavuzwe n'umujyanama wa Miller Electric, Ron Covell, mu magambo ye, Inama zo Gusudira: Ibanga ryo Gusudira TIG.
Ibihe bizaza: Gutinda byibuze iminota 10. Amakuru atangwa "uko ari" ku mpamvu z'amakuru gusa, ntabwo ari ku mpamvu z'ubucuruzi cyangwa inama. Kugira ngo urebe uburyo bwose bwo gutinda kw'ivunjisha n'amabwiriza agenga ikoreshwa, reba https://www.barchart.com/solutions/terms.