Zida zowotcherera zitsulo zomwe zilipo kuti zithetse ntchito yokonza zitsulo zakula kwambiri pazaka zambiri, kuphatikizapo mndandanda wa zilembo za akatswiri owotcherera zitsulo.
Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 50, mwina mwaphunzira kusonkha ndi makina osonkha a SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc kapena Electrode).
Zaka za m'ma 1990 zinatibweretsera mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito MIG (metal inert gas) kapena FCAW (flux-cored arc welding), zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ma buzzers ambiri asiye kugwira ntchito. Posachedwapa, ukadaulo wa TIG (tungsten inert gas) wafika m'masitolo ogulitsa ulimi ngati njira yabwino yopangira chitsulo, aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Kutchuka kwakukulu kwa odulira zitsulo zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana tsopano kukutanthauza kuti njira zonse zinayi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu phukusi limodzi.
Pansipa pali maphunziro afupiafupi owotcherera omwe angakuthandizeni kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, mosasamala kanthu za njira yowotcherera yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.
Jody Collier wadzipereka pantchito yake yophunzitsa kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera. Mawebusayiti ake a Weldingtipsandtricks.com ndi Welding-TV.com ali ndi malangizo ndi njira zothandiza pa mitundu yonse ya kuwotcherera.
Mpweya womwe umakondedwa kwambiri polumikiza MIG ndi carbon dioxide (CO2). Ngakhale kuti CO2 ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yabwino kwambiri popanga ma weld ozama kwambiri m'zitsulo zokhuthala, mpweya woteteza uwu ukhoza kukhala wotentha kwambiri polumikiza zitsulo zopyapyala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Jody Collier akulangiza kusintha kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha 75% argon ndi 25% carbon dioxide.
“O, mungagwiritse ntchito argon yoyera kuti mulumikize aluminiyamu kapena chitsulo, koma zinthu zoonda kwambiri zokha,” iye anatero. “Zina zonse zimalumikizidwira bwino ndi argon yoyera.”
Collier akunena kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya mpweya yomwe ikupezeka pamsika, monga helium-argon-CO2, koma nthawi zina imakhala yovuta kupeza komanso yokwera mtengo.
Ngati mukukonza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pafamu, muyenera kuwonjezera zosakaniza ziwiri za 100% argon kapena argon ndi helium kuti muwotchere aluminiyamu ndi zosakaniza za 90% argon, 7.5% helium ndi 2.5% carbon dioxide.
Kulowa kwa MIG weld kumadalira mpweya woteteza. Carbon dioxide (pamwamba kumanja) imapereka kuwotcherera kozama poyerekeza ndi argon-CO2 (pamwamba kumanzere).
Musanagwiritse ntchito chitsulo cholumikizira zitsulo pokonza aluminiyamu, onetsetsani kuti mwatsuka bwino cholumikiziracho kuti musawononge cholumikiziracho.
Kuyeretsa zitsulo zosungunula ndikofunikira kwambiri chifukwa alumina imasungunuka pa 3700°F ndipo zitsulo zoyambira zimasungunuka pa 1200°F. Chifukwa chake, oxide iliyonse (kusungunuka kapena dzimbiri loyera) kapena mafuta omwe ali pamwamba pake amaletsa kulowa kwa chitsulo chodzaza.
Kuchotsa mafuta kumayamba. Kenako, ndipo pokhapokha, kuipitsidwa ndi okosijeni kuchotsedwa. Musasinthe dongosolo, akuchenjeza Joel Otter wa Miller Electric.
Popeza makina odulira waya anali kutchuka kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 1990, odulira njuchi omwe anali odalirika komanso oona mtima anakakamizika kusonkhanitsa fumbi m'makona a masitolo.
Mosiyana ndi ma buzzers akale omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pongogwiritsa ntchito ma alternating current (AC), ma welders amakono amagwira ntchito pa alternating current ndi direct current (DC), akusintha polarity ya welding nthawi 120 pa sekondi.
Ubwino woperekedwa ndi kusintha kwa polarity mwachangu kumeneku ndi waukulu kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuyambitsa kosavuta, kukanamira pang'ono, kutayira madzi pang'ono, kuluka kokongola kwambiri, komanso kuwotcherera kosavuta koyima ndi kokwera pamwamba.
Kuphatikiza pa mfundo yakuti kuwotcherera ndi ndodo kumapanga ma weld akuya, ndikwabwino kwambiri pa ntchito zakunja (mpweya woteteza wa MIG umawulutsidwa ndi mphepo), umagwira ntchito bwino ndi zinthu zokhuthala, ndipo umayaka chifukwa cha dzimbiri, dothi, ndi utoto. Makina owotcherera nawonso ndi osavuta kunyamula komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kotero mutha kuwona chifukwa chake makina atsopano owotcherera a electrode kapena multi-processor ndi oyenera kuyika ndalama.
Joel Orth wa ku Miller Electric akupereka malangizo otsatirawa a ma electrode. Kuti mudziwe zambiri pitani ku: millerwelds.com/resources/welding-guides/stick-welding-guide/stick-welding-tips.
Mpweya wa haidrojeni ndi woopsa kwambiri pa kuwotcherera, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchedwa kwa kuwotcherera, kusweka kwa HAZ komwe kumachitika maola kapena masiku pambuyo poti kuwotcherera kwatha, kapena zonse ziwiri.
Komabe, chiopsezo cha haidrojeni nthawi zambiri chimathetsedwa mosavuta poyeretsa chitsulocho bwino. Chimachotsa mafuta, dzimbiri, utoto ndi chinyezi chilichonse chifukwa ndi gwero la haidrojeni.
Komabe, haidrojeni imakhalabe yoopsa polumikiza zitsulo zolimba kwambiri (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zida zamakono zaulimi), ma profiles achitsulo chokhuthala, komanso m'malo olumikizira zitsulo ochepa kwambiri. Mukakonza zipangizozi, onetsetsani kuti mwagwiritsa ntchito electrode yochepa ya haidrojeni ndikutenthetsa kale malo olumikizira zitsulo.
Jody Collier akunena kuti mabowo ooneka ngati siponji kapena thovu laling'ono la mpweya lomwe limawonekera pamwamba pa chosungunula ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti chosungunula chanu chili ndi ma porosity, zomwe amaona kuti ndi vuto lalikulu pakusungunula.
Kubowola kwa weld kumatha kukhala m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ma pores pamwamba, ma wormhole, ma craters, ndi mabowo, owoneka (pamwamba) ndi osawoneka (mkati mwa weld).
Collier akulangizanso kuti, “Lolani dziwe lisungunuke kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimalola mpweya kuwira kuchokera mu chosungunula usanazire.”
Ngakhale kuti waya wochuluka kwambiri ndi mainchesi 0.035 ndi 0.045, waya wocheperako umapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga weld yabwino. Carl Huss wa ku Lincoln Electric amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito waya wa 0.025″, makamaka polumikiza zinthu zopyapyala 1/8″ kapena kuchepera.
Iye anafotokoza kuti odulira ambiri amakonda kupanga ma weld akuluakulu kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kupsa. Waya wocheperako wa mainchesi amapereka weld yokhazikika kwambiri pamagetsi otsika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isapse mosavuta.
Samalani mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi pazinthu zokhuthala (3⁄16″ ndi zokhuthala), chifukwa waya wa mainchesi 0.025″ ungayambitse kusungunuka kosakwanira.
Poyamba maloto chabe adakwaniritsidwa kwa alimi omwe akufuna njira yabwino yolumikizira zitsulo zopyapyala, aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, opanga ma TIG akuyamba kutchuka kwambiri m'masitolo a minda chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa opanga ma multi-processor.
Komabe, kutengera zomwe mwakumana nazo, kuphunzira kuwotcherera TIG sikophweka monga kuphunzira kuwotcherera MIG.
TIG imafuna manja onse awiri (limodzi kuti ligwire gwero la kutentha mu electrode ya tungsten yotentha ndi dzuwa, lina kuti lilowetse ndodo yodzaza mu arc) ndi phazi limodzi (kuti ligwiritse ntchito pedal ya phazi kapena chowongolera chamagetsi chomwe chili pa tochi). Kugwirizanitsa kwa njira zitatu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa, kusintha ndikuyimitsa kuyenda kwamagetsi).
Pofuna kupewa zotsatira ngati zanga, oyamba kumene ndi omwe akufuna kukulitsa luso lawo angagwiritse ntchito malangizo awa a TIG welding, monga momwe ananenera katswiri wa Miller Electric Ron Covell, Malangizo a Welding: Chinsinsi cha Kupambana kwa TIG Welding.
Zamtsogolo: Chepetsani mphindi zosachepera 10. Chidziwitsochi chimaperekedwa "monga momwe chilili" kuti chidziwitse anthu okha osati chifukwa cha malonda kapena malangizo. Kuti muwone kuchedwa konse kwa kusinthana ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito, onani https://www.barchart.com/solutions/terms.