Rumbunan kayan aikin walda da ake da su don yaƙi da aikin gyaran ƙarfe sun ƙaru sosai tsawon shekaru, ciki har da jerin haruffan mai walda.
Idan kana da shekaru sama da 50, wataƙila ka koyi yadda ake walda da injin walda na SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc ko Electrode).
Shekarun 1990 sun kawo mana sauƙin walda ta MIG (ƙarfe inert gas) ko FCAW (flux-cored arc walda), wanda ya sa buzzers da yawa suka yi ritaya. Kwanan nan, fasahar TIG (tungsten inert gas) ta shiga cikin shagunan noma a matsayin hanya mafi kyau don haɗa ƙarfe, aluminum da bakin ƙarfe.
Karuwar shaharar masu walda masu amfani da yawa yanzu yana nufin cewa dukkan hanyoyin guda huɗu za a iya amfani da su a cikin fakiti ɗaya.
Ga gajerun darussa na walda da za su inganta ƙwarewar ku don samun sakamako mai inganci, komai irin tsarin walda da kuka yi amfani da shi.
Jody Collier ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga horar da walda da walda. Yanar gizon sa na Weldingtipsandtricks.com da Welding-TV.com cike suke da nasihu da dabaru masu amfani ga dukkan nau'ikan walda.
Iskar gas da aka fi so don walda ta MIG ita ce carbon dioxide (CO2). Duk da cewa CO2 yana da araha kuma ya dace da ƙirƙirar walda mai zurfi a cikin ƙarfe mai kauri, wannan iskar gas mai kariya na iya yin zafi sosai lokacin walda siraran ƙarfe. Shi ya sa Jody Collier ta ba da shawarar canzawa zuwa cakuda argon 75% da carbon dioxide 25%.
"Oh, za ka iya amfani da argon tsantsa don haɗa MIG da aluminum ko ƙarfe, amma sai dai sirara kawai," in ji shi. "Duk sauran an haɗa su da argon tsantsa."
Collier ya lura cewa akwai gaurayen iskar gas da yawa a kasuwa, kamar helium-argon-CO2, amma wani lokacin suna da wahalar samu kuma suna da tsada.
Idan kana gyaran bakin karfe a gona, za ka buƙaci ƙara gauraye biyu na argon ko argon da helium 100% don walda aluminum da kuma gaurayen argon 90%, helium 7.5% da kuma carbon dioxide 2.5%.
Walda ta MIG ta wuce gona da iri ta dogara ne da iskar kariya. Carbon dioxide (saman dama) yana samar da walda mai zurfi idan aka kwatanta da argon-CO2 (saman hagu).
Kafin a yi amfani da aluminum wajen gyara walda, a tabbatar an tsaftace walda sosai domin gujewa lalata walda.
Tsaftace walda yana da matuƙar muhimmanci domin alumina tana narkewa a 3700°F kuma ƙarfe na tushe yana narkewa a 1200°F. Saboda haka, duk wani oxide (haɗakarwa ko tsatsa fari) ko mai a saman da aka gyara zai hana shigar ƙarfen cikawa.
Cire kitse shine abu na farko. Sannan, sannan ne kawai, idan aka cire gurɓataccen iskar oxygen. Kada a canza tsari, in ji Joel Otter na Miller Electric.
Da karuwar shaharar injunan walda na waya a shekarun 1990, an tilasta wa masu walda na gidan zuma tattara ƙura a kusurwoyin shaguna.
Ba kamar tsoffin buzzers ɗin da ake amfani da su kawai don ayyukan alternating current (AC) ba, welders na zamani suna aiki akan alternating current da direct current (DC), suna canza polarity na walda sau 120 a cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya.
Fa'idodin da wannan saurin canjin polarity ke bayarwa suna da yawa, gami da sauƙin farawa, ƙarancin mannewa, ƙarancin watsawa, walda mai kyau, da sauƙin walda a tsaye da sama.
Idan aka haɗa shi da gaskiyar cewa walda mai sanda tana samar da walda mai zurfi, yana da kyau a aikin waje (iska tana fitar da iskar gas mai kauri), yana aiki yadda ya kamata da kayan kauri, kuma yana ƙonewa ta hanyar tsatsa, datti, da fenti. Injinan walda suma suna da sauƙin ɗauka kuma suna da sauƙin aiki, don haka za ku iya ganin dalilin da yasa sabon injin walda na lantarki ko injin walda mai sarrafawa da yawa ya cancanci saka hannun jari.
Joel Orth na Miller Electric yana bayar da waɗannan na'urorin auna lantarki. Don ƙarin bayani ziyarci: millerwelds.com/resources/welding-guides/stick-welding-guide/stick-welding-tips.
Iskar hydrogen babban haɗari ne ga walda, wanda ke haifar da jinkirin walda, fashewar HAZ wanda ke faruwa awanni ko kwanaki bayan an gama walda, ko duka biyun.
Duk da haka, barazanar hydrogen galibi ana iya kawar da ita cikin sauƙi ta hanyar tsaftace ƙarfe sosai. Yana cire mai, tsatsa, fenti da duk wani danshi domin sune tushen hydrogen.
Duk da haka, hydrogen ya kasance barazana yayin walda ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (ana ƙara amfani da shi a kayan aikin gona na zamani), kauri na ƙarfe, da kuma a wuraren walda masu tsauri. Lokacin gyara waɗannan kayan, tabbatar da amfani da ƙaramin lantarki na hydrogen kuma ku dumama yankin walda.
Jody Collier ta nuna cewa ramuka masu kauri ko ƙananan kumfa na iska da ke bayyana a saman walda alama ce ta tabbatar da cewa walda ɗinka yana da porosity, wanda ya ɗauki matsala ta farko da walda.
Porosity na walda na iya ɗaukar siffofi da yawa, gami da pores na saman, ramukan tsutsotsi, ramuka, da ramuka, ana iya gani (a saman) da kuma waɗanda ba a iya gani (a cikin zurfin walda).
Collier ya kuma ba da shawara, "A bar kududdufin ya daɗe yana narkewa, a bar iskar gas ta tafasa daga cikin walda kafin ta daskare."
Duk da cewa diamita mafi yawan waya shine inci 0.035 da inci 0.045, ƙaramin waya mai diamita yana sauƙaƙa samar da kyakkyawan walda. Carl Huss na Lincoln Electric ya ba da shawarar amfani da waya mai inci 0.025, musamman lokacin walda siriri mai inci 1/8 ko ƙasa da haka.
Ya bayyana cewa yawancin masu walda suna yin walda masu girma da yawa, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da ƙonewa. Wayar da ke da ƙaramin diamita tana samar da walda mai ƙarfi a ƙananan wutar lantarki wanda hakan ke sa ta zama da sauƙin ƙonewa.
A yi hankali lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar akan kayan da suka yi kauri (3⁄16″ kuma kauri), domin waya mai diamita 0.025″ na iya haifar da rashin narkewar abinci.
Da zarar mafarki ya cika ga manoma da ke neman hanya mafi kyau ta walda siraran ƙarfe, aluminum da bakin ƙarfe, masu walda na TIG sun zama ruwan dare a shagunan gonaki saboda karuwar shaharar masu walda masu sarrafawa da yawa.
Duk da haka, bisa ga gogewar mutum, koyon walda ta TIG ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kamar koyon walda ta MIG.
TIG yana buƙatar hannuwa biyu (ɗaya don riƙe tushen zafi a cikin electrode tungsten mai zafi da rana, ɗayan kuma don ciyar da sandar cikawa cikin baka) da ƙafa ɗaya (don sarrafa feda ta ƙafa ko mai daidaita wutar da aka ɗora akan tocila). Ana amfani da haɗin kai na hanyoyi uku don farawa, daidaitawa da dakatar da kwararar wutar).
Domin guje wa sakamako kamar nawa, masu farawa da waɗanda ke neman haɓaka ƙwarewarsu za su iya amfani da waɗannan shawarwarin walda na TIG, a cewar mai ba da shawara kan Miller Electric Ron Covell, Nasihu kan Walda: Sirrin Nasarar Walda ta TIG.
Nan gaba: Jinkiri aƙalla mintuna 10. An bayar da bayanin "kamar yadda yake" don dalilai na bayanai kawai ba don dalilai na ciniki ko shawarwari ba. Don duba duk jinkirin musayar kuɗi da sharuɗɗan amfani, duba https://www.barchart.com/solutions/terms.