Sisebenzisa iikuki ukuphucula amava akho.Ngokuqhubeka nokukhangela le ndawo, uyavumelana nokusebenzisa kwethu iikuki.Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo.
Imveliso eyongezelelweyo (AM) ibandakanya ukudala izinto ze-3D, enye i-ultra-thin layer ngexesha, iyenza ibize kakhulu kunokucubungula kwendabuko.Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye encinci ye powder idityaniswe kwicandelo ngexesha lenkqubo yendibano.Ezinye azidibanisi, ngoko zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba into idalwe ngendlela yeklasikhi, ngokuqhelekileyo idinga ukugaya kunye nomatshini ukususa izinto.
Iipropati zepowder zinquma iiparitha zomatshini kwaye kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kwindawo yokuqala.Iindleko ze-AM aziyi kuba nezoqoqosho ngenxa yokuba i-powder enganyibilikiyo ingcolisekile kwaye ayinakuphinda isetyenziswe.Ukuthotywa kwePowder kuphumela kwizinto ezimbini: ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali zemveliso kunye noshintsho kwiimpawu zemishini ezifana ne-morphology kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle.
Kwimeko yokuqala, umsebenzi oyintloko kukudala izakhiwo eziqinileyo eziqukethe i-alloys ecocekileyo, ngoko kufuneka sigweme ukungcoliswa kwepowder, umzekelo, kunye ne-oxides okanye i-nitrides.Kwimeko yokugqibela, ezi parameters zidibene no-fluidity kunye nokusabalalisa.Ngoko ke, nayiphi na inguqu kwiipropati ze powder ingakhokelela ekuhanjisweni okungafaniyo kwemveliso.
Idatha evela kwiimpapasho zamva nje ibonisa ukuba i-classical flowmeters ayikwazi ukubonelela ngolwazi olwaneleyo malunga nokuhanjiswa kwepowder kwi-AM ngokusekelwe kwibhedi ye powder.Ngokumalunga nokubonakaliswa kwezinto eziluhlaza (okanye umgubo), kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulinganisa ezifanelekileyo kwiimarike ezinokwanelisa le mfuneko.Imeko yoxinzelelo kunye nentsimi ye powder flow kufuneka ibe yinto efanayo kwi-setup yokulinganisa kunye nenkqubo.Ubukho bemithwalo ecinezelayo ayihambelani nokuhamba komphezulu okhululekileyo osetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-IM kwi-shear testers kunye ne-classical rheometers.
I-GranuTools iphuhlise ukuhamba komsebenzi ukuze kuphawulwe umgubo we-AM.Injongo yethu ephambili kukuxhobisa ijometri nganye ngesixhobo esichanekileyo sokulinganisa inkqubo, kwaye oku kuhamba komsebenzi kusetyenziselwa ukuqonda nokulandelela ukuvela komgangatho womgubo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokushicilela.Ii-alloys ezininzi ze-aluminium ezisemgangathweni (i-AlSi10Mg) zikhethwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwimithwalo ye-thermal eyahlukeneyo (ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-200 ° C).
Ukuchithwa kwe-thermal kunokulawulwa ngokuhlalutya amandla omgubo ukuqokelela intlawulo yombane.Iipowders zihlalutyelwe ukuhamba (isixhobo seGranuDrum), ukupakisha i-kinetics (isixhobo seGranuPack) kunye nokuziphatha kwe-electrostatic (isixhobo seGranuCharge).Ukubambisana kunye nokupakisha imilinganiselo ye-kinetics ifanelekile ukulandelela umgangatho we powder.
Iipowders ezilula ukuzisebenzisa ziza kubonisa i-indices ephantsi yokubambisana, ngelixa iipowders ezine-dynamics zokuzalisa ngokukhawuleza ziya kuvelisa iindawo zomatshini kunye ne-porosity ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa nobunzima bokugcwalisa iimveliso.
Emva kweenyanga ezininzi zokugcina kwibhubhoratri yethu, iipowders ezintathu ze-aluminium alloy kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle (AlSi10Mg) kunye nesampula enye ye-316L yensimbi engenasici ikhethiwe, apha kubhekiselwa kuyo njengeesampuli A, B kunye no-C. Iipropati zeesampuli zinokuhluka kwabanye abavelisi.Isampulu yokuhanjiswa kobungakanani besuntswana kulinganiswe ngohlalutyo lwe-laser diffraction/ISO 13320.
Ngenxa yokuba zilawula iiparitha zomatshini, iipropati zepowder kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuqala, kwaye ukuba i-powders enganyibilikiyo ithathwa njengento engcolileyo kwaye ingenakuphinda isetyenziswe, ngoko ukuveliswa okongeziweyo akukona ukonga njengoko umntu unokuthemba.Ke ngoko, iiparamitha ezintathu ziya kuphandwa: ukuhamba komgubo, ukupakisha amandla kunye ne-electrostatics.
Ukusabalalisa kuhambelana nokufana kunye "nobunono" boluhlu lwe powder emva kokusebenza kwakhona.Oku kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko iindawo ezigudileyo kulula ukuprinta kwaye zinokuvavanywa ngesixhobo seGranuDrum esinomlinganiselo wesalathiso sokubambelela.
Ngenxa yokuba ii-pores zibuthathaka kwizinto eziphathekayo, zinokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni.Gcwalisa i-dynamics yiparameter yesibini engundoqo njengoko iipowder zokuzalisa ngokukhawuleza zibonelela nge-porosity ephantsi.Oku kuziphatha kulinganiswa ngeGranuPack enexabiso elingu-n1/2.
Ubukho beentlawulo zombane kwi powder kudala imikhosi edibeneyo ekhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-agglomerate.I-GranuCharge ilinganisa amandla omgubo ukuvelisa intlawulo ye-electrostatic xa udibana nezinto ezikhethiweyo ngexesha lokuhamba.
Ngexesha lokucubungula, iGranuCharge inokuqikelela ukuwohloka kokuhamba, umzekelo, xa usenza umaleko kwi-AM.Ngaloo ndlela, imilinganiselo efunyenweyo ivakalelwa kakhulu kwimeko yendawo yengqolowa (i-oxidation, ukungcola kunye noburhabaxa).Ukuguga komgubo ofunyenweyo emva koko kunokuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo (± 0.5 nC).
I-GranuDrum yindlela yokulinganisa i-powder ecwangcisiweyo esekelwe kumgaqo ojikelezayo wegubu.Isiqingatha sesampulu yomgubo iqulethwe kwi-cylinder ethe tye kunye neendonga zecala ezicacileyo.Umgqomo ujikeleza i-axis yayo ngesantya se-angular ye-2 ukuya kwi-60 rpm, kwaye ikhamera yeCCD ithatha imifanekiso (ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-100 imifanekiso kwi-1 yexesha lesibini).I-interface yomoya / umgubo ichongiwe kumfanekiso ngamnye usebenzisa i-algorithm yokufumanisa edge.
Bala i-avareji indawo yojongano kunye ne-oscillations ejikeleze le ndawo ye-avareji.Kwisantya ngasinye sokujikeleza, i-engile yokuqukuqela (okanye “i-engile eguquguqukayo yokuphumla”) i-αf ibalwa ukusuka kwimo yojongano oluphakathi, kunye nomba wobumbano oguquguqukayo σf onxulunyaniswa ne-intergrain bonding ihlalutywa ukusuka kuguquguquko lojongano.
I-angle yokuhamba ichaphazeleka ngamanani eeparameters: ukungqubuzana, imilo kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwamaqhekeza (van der Waals, i-electrostatic kunye ne-capillary forces).I-powders edibeneyo ibangela ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa i-powder non-viscous ibangela ukuhamba rhoqo.Amaxabiso aphantsi we-engile yokuhamba αf ahambelana nokuhamba kakuhle.Isalathiso sokubambelela esiguquguqukayo esisondele kwi-zero sihambelana nepowder engahambelaniyo, ngoko ke njengoko ukudibanisa kwepowder kwanda, isalathisi sokubambelela sanda ngokufanelekileyo.
I-GranuDrum ikuvumela ukuba ulinganise i-angle yokuqala ye-avalanche kunye ne-aeration ye powder ngexesha lokuhamba, kunye nokulinganisa isalathisi sokubambelela σf kunye ne-angle yokuhamba αf ngokuxhomekeke kwisantya sokujikeleza.
Ubuninzi beGranuPack, ubuninzi bokucofa kunye nemilinganiselo ye-Hausner ratio (ekwabizwa ngokuba "yiemvavanyo zokucofa") ilungele ukubonakaliswa komgubo ngenxa yokulula kunye nesantya sokulinganisa.Ubuninzi bepowder kunye nokukwazi ukwandisa ukuxinana kwayo yimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokugcinwa, ukuthutha, i-agglomeration, njl. Iinkqubo ezicetyiswayo zichazwe kwi-Pharmacopoeia.
Olu vavanyo olulula luneengxaki ezintathu ezinkulu.Umlinganiselo uxhomekeke kumqhubi, kwaye indlela yokuzaliswa ichaphazela umthamo wokuqala we powder.Ukulinganisa umthamo opheleleyo kunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezinzulu kwiziphumo.Ngenxa yokulula kovavanyo, asizange sithathele ingqalelo i-compact dynamics phakathi kwemilinganiselo yokuqala kunye neyokugqibela.
Ukuziphatha komgubo ofakwe kwi-outlet eqhubekayo yahlalutywa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo.Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo i-Coefficient ye-Hausner Hr, ingxinano yokuqala ρ(0) kunye noxinano lokugqibela ρ(n) emva konqakrazo lwe-n.
Inani leempompo lidla ngokulungiswa ku-n=500.IGranuPack sisixhobo esizenzekelayo nesiqhubele phambili sokulinganisa ingxinano esekwe kuphando oluguquguqukayo lwakutsha nje.
Ezinye izalathisi zinokusetyenziswa, kodwa azibonelelwanga apha.Umgubo ufakwa kwityhubhu yentsimbi ngenkqubo engqongqo yokuqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo.I-extrapolation yeparamitha eguquguqukayo n1/2 kunye nobuninzi bobuninzi ρ(∞) bususiwe kwigophe lokuxinana.
Isilinda esingenanto esikhaphukhaphu sihlala phezu kwebhedi yomgubo ukugcina inqanaba lepowder/air interface ngexesha lokuxinana.I-tube equkethe isampuli ye-powder iphakama kwi-fixed height ΔZ kwaye iwela ngokukhululekileyo ekuphakameni okuqhelekileyo kulungiswe kwi-ΔZ = 1 mm okanye ΔZ = 3 mm, elinganiswa ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokuchukumisa ngamnye.Bala umthamo V wemfumba ukusuka kumphakamo.
Uxinaniso ngumlinganiselo wobunzima m ukuya kumthamo womgubo we-V. Ubunzima bomgubo m buyaziwa, ubuninzi ρ busetyenziswa emva kwempembelelo nganye.
I-Coefficient ye-Hausner Hr inxulumene ne-compact factor kwaye ihlalutywa yi-equation Hr = ρ (500) / ρ (0), apho ρ (0) yingxinano yokuqala ye-bulk kunye ρ (500) yimpompo ebalwayo emva kwemijikelo engama-500.Itephu yoxinaniso.Xa usebenzisa indlela yeGranuPack, iziphumo ziphinda ziphinde ziphindwe kusetyenziswa umgubo omncinci (ngokuqhelekileyo i-35 ml).
Iimpawu zepowder kunye neempawu zezinto ezivela kuyo isixhobo ziyiparameters eziphambili.Ngexesha lokuhamba, iintlawulo ze-electrostatic ziveliswa ngaphakathi komgubo ngenxa yesiphumo se-triboelectric, ekukutshintshiselana kweentlawulo xa izinto ezimbini eziqinileyo zidibana.
Xa i-powder ihamba ngaphakathi kwesixhobo, umphumo we-triboelectric uyenzeka kuqhagamshelwano phakathi kweengqungquthela kunye noqhagamshelwano phakathi kweengqungquthela kunye nesixhobo.
Xa udibana nezinto ezikhethiweyo, iGranuCharge ilinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo inani lentlawulo ye-electrostatic eyenziwa ngaphakathi kwipowder ngexesha lokuhamba.Isampuli ye powder igeleza ngaphakathi kwe-V-tube eshukumisayo kwaye iwela kwikomityi ye-Faraday exhunywe kwi-electrometer elinganisa intlawulo efunyenweyo njengoko i powder ihamba ngaphakathi kwe-V-tube.Ukufumana iziphumo eziphindaphindekayo, sebenzisa isixhobo esijikelezayo okanye esingcangcazelayo ukondla ii-V-tube rhoqo.
Isiphumo se-triboelectric sibangela into enye ukuba ifumane ii-electron kumphezulu wayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ihlawuliswe kakubi, ngelixa enye into ilahlekelwa yi-electron kwaye ihlawuliswe ngokufanelekileyo.Ezinye izinto zifumana ii-electron ngokulula kunezinye, kwaye ngokufanayo, ezinye izinto zilahlekelwa zii-electron ngokulula.
Yeyiphi imathiriyeli eba yimbi kwaye ibe yeyiphi na ixhomekeke kubungakanani bezinto ezibandakanyekayo ekufumaneni okanye ekulahlekeni kwee-electron.Ukumela le mikhwa, uchungechunge lwe-triboelectric oluboniswe kwiThebhile 1 lwaphuhliswa.Izinto eziphathekayo ezinexabiso elihle kunye nezinye ezinexabiso elibi zidweliswe, kunye neendlela eziphathekayo ezingabonakali nayiphi na indlela yokuziphatha zidweliswe phakathi kwetafile.
Kwelinye icala, itheyibhile ibonelela kuphela ngolwazi malunga neendlela zokuziphatha kokutshaja kwezixhobo, ke iGranuCharge yenzelwe ukubonelela ngamaxabiso achanekileyo amanani okuziphatha okutshaja kweepowder.
Izilingo ezininzi zenziwa ukuhlalutya ukubola kwe-thermal.Iisampuli zifakwe kwi-200 ° C kwiyure enye ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini.Umgubo uhlalutywa ngokukhawuleza ngeGranuDrum (igama elishushu).Umgubo wawufakwa kwisikhongozeli de ufikelele kwiqondo lobushushu lendawo engqongileyo emva koko uhlalutywe kusetyenziswa iGranuDrum, iGranuPack kunye neGranuCharge (oko kukuthi “kubanda”).
Iisampulu ezikrwada zahlalutywa kusetyenziswa iGranuPack, iGranuDrum kunye neGranuCharge kwigumbi elinye lokufuma/ubushushu (okt 35.0 ± 1.5% RH kunye ne-21.0 ± 1.0 °C ubushushu).
Isalathiso sokubambisana sibala ukuhamba kweepowders kunye nokulungelelanisa kunye noshintsho kwindawo ye-interface (umgubo / umoya), okuphela kwamandla amathathu oqhagamshelwano (van der Waals, capillary and electrostatic forces).Phambi kovavanyo, ukufuma komoya okunxulumeneyo (RH, %) kunye nobushushu (°C) zarekhodwa.Emva koko umgubo wagalelwa kwigubu, kwaye kwaqala uvavanyo.
Sigqibe kwelokuba ezi mveliso azinakuchaphazeleka kwi-agglomeration xa sijonga iiparamitha ze-thixotropic.Okubangela umdla kukuba, uxinzelelo lwe-thermal lutshintshe indlela yokuziphatha ye-rheological powders yeesampulu A kunye no-B ukusuka ekutshibeni kwe-chear ukuya ku-chear thinning.Kwelinye icala, iiSampuli C kunye ne-SS 316L azichatshazelwanga bubushushu kwaye zibonise kuphela ukujiya kokucheba.Umgubo ngamnye wawunokusasazwa ngcono (oko kukuthi isalathiso sokubambisana esisezantsi) emva kokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa.
Isiphumo sobushushu sikwaxhomekeke kwindawo ethile yamasuntswana.Ukuphakama kwe-thermal conductivity yezinto eziphathekayo, umphumo omkhulu kwiqondo lokushisa (okt ???225 °?=250?.?-1.?-1) kunye ne-???316?.225°?=19?.?-1.?-1) Okukhona lincinci isuntswana, kokukhona ifuthe lobushushu libe likhulu.I-aluminiyam i-alloy powders igqwesile kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu ngenxa yokwanda kokusasazeka, kunye neesampulu ezipholileyo ziphumeza ukuhamba kakuhle kunomgubo wokuqala.
Kuvavanyo ngalunye lweGranuPack, ubunzima bepowder burekhodwe ngaphambi kovavanyo ngalunye, kwaye isampuli yabethwa ngamaxesha e-500 kunye nefuthe leempembelelo ze-1 Hz ngokuwa kwamahhala kwe-1 mm kwiseli yokulinganisa (impembelelo yamandla ∝).Isampulu ikhutshwa kwiseli yokulinganisa ngokwemiyalelo yesoftware ezimeleyo.Emva koko imilinganiselo yaphindwa kabini ukuvavanya ukuveliswa kwakhona kunye nokuphanda intsingiselo kunye nokuphambuka okusemgangathweni.
Emva kokuba uhlalutyo lweGranuPack lugqityiwe, ubuninzi bokuqala bobuninzi (ρ (0)), ubuninzi bokugqibela bobuninzi (kwiimpompo ezininzi, n = 500, okt ρ (500)), i-Hausner ratio / Carr index (Hr / Cr) kunye neeparitha ezimbini zobhaliso (n1/2 kunye no-τ) ezinxulumene ne-compaction kinetics.Olona uxinano ρ(∞) lukwabonisiwe (jonga iSihlomelo 1).Itheyibhile engezantsi ihlengahlengisa idatha yovavanyo.
Amanani 6 kunye ne-7 abonisa i-curve yokudibanisa ngokubanzi (i-bulk density ngokumelene nenani leempembelelo) kunye ne-n1 / 2 / Hausner parameter ratio.Iibhari zempazamo ezibalwe kusetyenziswa umyinge ziboniswa kwigophe ngalinye, kwaye ukutenxa okusemgangathweni kubalwe ngovavanyo lokuphinda-phinda.
Imveliso ye-316L yensimbi engenasici yayiyeyona mveliso inzima (ρ(0) = 4.554 g/mL).Ngokubhekiselele kuxinaniso lokucofa, i-SS 316L ihlala ingowona mgubo unzima (ρ(n) = 5.044 g/mL), ilandelwa yiSampule A (ρ(n) = 1.668 g/mL), ilandelwa yiSample B (ρ(n) = 1.668 g/ml)./ml) (n) = 1.645 g/ml).Isampulu C yayiyeyona iphantsi (ρ(n) = 1.581 g/mL).Ngokutsho kobuninzi bobuninzi bomgubo wokuqala, sibona ukuba isampuli A yeyona nto ilula, kwaye ithathela ingqalelo iimpazamo (1.380 g / ml), iisampulu ze-B kunye ne-C zinexabiso elilinganayo.
Njengoko i-powder ishushu, umlinganiselo wayo we-Hausner uyancipha, kwaye oku kwenzeka kuphela ngeesampuli B, C, kunye ne-SS 316L.Kwisampulu A, akuzange kwenzeke ngenxa yobukhulu beebar zempazamo.Kwi-n1/2, i-parametric trend underlining inzima kakhulu.Isampula A kunye ne-SS 316L, ixabiso le-n1 / 2 lehla emva kwe-2 h kwi-200 ° C, ngelixa i-powders B kunye ne-C yanda emva kokulayishwa kwe-thermal.
I-feeder vibrating isetyenziswe kumfuniselo ngamnye weGranuCharge (jonga uMfanekiso 8).Sebenzisa i-316L ye-tubing yensimbi engenasici.Imilinganiselo yaphindwa ngamaxesha e-3 ukuvavanya ukuveliswa kwakhona.Ubunzima bemveliso esetyenzisiweyo kumlinganiselo ngamnye babumalunga nama-40 ml kwaye akukho mgubo ufunyenwe emva komlinganiselo.
Ngaphambi kovavanyo, ubunzima bomgubo (mp, g), ukufuma komoya ohambelanayo (RH, %), kunye nobushushu (° C) zabhalwa.Ekuqaleni kovavanyo, ukuxinana kwentlawulo yomgubo weprayimari (q0 ngeµC/kg) kwalinganiswa ngokubeka umgubo kwikomityi yeFaraday.Ekugqibeleni, i-powder mass yalungiswa kwaye ukuxinwa kwentlawulo yokugqibela (qf, µC / kg) kunye ne-Δq (Δq = qf - q0) ekupheleni kovavanyo kubalwa.
Idatha ye-GranuCharge eluhlaza iboniswe kwiThebhile 2 kunye ne-Figure 9 (σ yi-standard deviation ebalwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokuphindaphinda), kwaye iziphumo ziboniswa njenge-histogram (kuphela i-q0 kunye ne-Δq ibonisiwe).I-SS 316L ineyona ntlawulo iphantsi yokuqala;oku kunokuba ngenxa yokuba le mveliso ineyona PSD iphezulu.Xa kuziwa ekulayisheni kokuqala kwe-aluminium alloy powder yokuqala, akukho zigqibo ezinokuthi zenziwe ngenxa yobukhulu beempazamo.
Emva kokuqhagamshelana nombhobho we-316L wensimbi engenasici, isampuli A ifumene inani elincinci lentlawulo, ngelixa i-powders B kunye ne-C ibonisa indlela efanayo, ukuba i-SS 316L powder yaxutywa kwi-SS 316L, ukuxinwa kwentlawulo kufutshane ne-0 kufunyenwe (jonga i-triboelectric series) .Imveliso ye-B isahlawuliswa ngaphezu kwe-A. Kwisampula C, umgangatho uyaqhubeka (intlawulo yokuqala efanelekileyo kunye nentlawulo yokugqibela emva kokuvuza), kodwa inani leentlawulo landa emva kokuthotywa kwe-thermal.
Emva kweeyure ze-2 zoxinzelelo lwe-thermal kwi-200 ° C, ukuziphatha komgubo kuba nomdla kakhulu.Kwiisampulu A kunye no-B, intlawulo yokuqala yehlile kwaye intlawulo yokugqibela yatshintsha ukusuka kwi-negative ukuya kwi-positive.I-SS 316L powder yayineyona ntlawulo yokuqala ephezulu kunye nokuguqulwa kwentlawulo yayo yaba yinto enhle kodwa yahlala iphantsi (okt 0.033 nC / g).
Siphande umphumo wokuthotywa kwe-thermal kwindlela yokuziphatha edibeneyo ye-aluminium alloy (AlSi10Mg) kunye ne-316L ye-powders yensimbi engenasici, ngelixa i-powders yasekuqaleni yahlaziywa emva kweeyure ze-2 kwi-200 ° C emoyeni.
Ukusetyenziswa kweepowder kumaqondo okushisa aphakamileyo kunokuphucula ukuhamba kwemveliso, umphumo obonakala ubaluleke kakhulu kwiipowder ezinommandla othile ophezulu kunye nezixhobo ezine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal.I-GranuDrum yayisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuhamba, i-GranuPack yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya ukupakisha okuguquguqukayo, kwaye i-GranuCharge yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya i-triboelectricity ye powder edibanisa ne-316L ipayipi yensimbi engenasici.
Ezi ziphumo zinqunywe ngokusebenzisa i-GranuPack, ebonisa ukuphuculwa kwe-Hausner coefficient kwi-powder nganye (ngaphandle kwesampula A, ngenxa yobukhulu beempazamo) emva kwenkqubo yoxinzelelo lwe-thermal.Akukho ntsingiselo icacileyo ifunyenweyo kwiparamitha yokupakisha (n1/2) njengoko ezinye iimveliso zibonise ukonyuka kwesantya sokupakisha ngelixa ezinye zinefuthe elichaseneyo (umz. Iisampulu B kunye noC).