Umxube omtsha ojikelezayo we-inline static uye waphuhliswa ngokukodwa ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo ze-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) kunye neenkqubo ze-ultra high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC kunye ne-UHPLC). Ukuxubana kakubi kwezigaba ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezihambayo kunokubangela umlinganiselo ophezulu wesignali-kwingxolo, nto leyo enciphisa uvakalelo. Ukuxubana okulinganayo kwe-static fluids ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezine-intensive volume yangaphakathi kunye nobukhulu bomzimba bomxube ozinzileyo kubonisa umgangatho ophezulu womxube ozinzileyo ofanelekileyo. Umxube omtsha ozinzileyo ufezekisa oku ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji entsha yokuprinta ye-3D ukwenza isakhiwo se-3D esahlukileyo esinika umxube ophuculweyo we-hydrodynamic static kunye nokunciphisa ipesenti ephezulu kwi-base sine wave ngeyunithi yomthamo wangaphakathi womxube. Ukusebenzisa i-1/3 yomthamo wangaphakathi womxube oqhelekileyo kunciphisa i-basic sine wave nge-98%. Umxube uneendlela zokuhamba ze-3D ezidibeneyo ezineendawo ezahlukeneyo ezinqamlezileyo kunye nobude bendlela njengoko ulwelo ludlula kwiijiometri ezintsonkothileyo ze-3D. Ukuxubana kwiindlela ezininzi zokuhamba ezirhabaxa, kudityaniswe ne-local turbulence kunye ne-eddies, kubangela ukuxubana kwi-micro, meso kunye ne-macro scales. Lo mxubi ukhethekileyo wenzelwe ukusebenzisa iindlela zokulinganisa ulwelo lwekhompyutha (i-CFD). Idatha yovavanyo eveziweyo ibonisa ukuba ukuxuba okugqwesileyo kufezekiswa ngomthamo omncinci wangaphakathi.
Kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, i-chromatography yolwelo isetyenzisiwe kumashishini amaninzi, kuquka amayeza, izibulali-zinambuzane, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, uphando lwe-forensics, kunye nohlalutyo lweekhemikhali. Ukukwazi ukulinganisa iindawo ngesigidi okanye ngaphantsi kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji kulo naliphi na ishishini. Ukusebenza kakubi kokuxuba kukhokelela kumlinganiselo ophantsi wesignali-kwingxolo, nto leyo ecaphukisa uluntu lwe-chromatography ngokwemida yokufumanisa kunye novakalelo. Xa kuxuba izinyibilikisi ezimbini ze-HPLC, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukunyanzela ukuxuba ngeendlela zangaphandle ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinyibilikisi ezimbini kuba ezinye izinyibilikisi azixubeki kakuhle. Ukuba izinyibilikisi azixutywanga kakuhle, ukonakala kwe-chromatogram ye-HPLC kunokwenzeka, kubonakale njengengxolo egqithisileyo yesiseko kunye/okanye imo yencochoyi embi. Ngokuxutywa okungekho mthethweni, ingxolo yesiseko iya kubonakala njenge-sine wave (ukunyuka nokuhla) kwesignali ye-detector ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuxuba okungekho mthethweni kunokukhokelela ekukhuleni nasekungalinganiyo kweencochoyi, kunciphisa ukusebenza kohlalutyo, imo yencochoyi, kunye nesisombululo sencochoyi. Ishishini liye laqaphela ukuba abaxubi abakwi-line kunye nabangama-tee static bayindlela yokuphucula le mida kunye nokuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwimida yokufumanisa ephantsi (uvakalelo). Umxube oqinileyo ofanelekileyo udibanisa iingenelo zokusebenza kakuhle kokuxuba, umthamo ophantsi ofileyo kunye nokwehla koxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nomthamo omncinci kunye nomthamo omkhulu wenkqubo. Ukongeza, njengoko uhlalutyo lusiba nzima ngakumbi, abahlalutyi kufuneka basebenzise rhoqo izinyibilikisi ezi-polar nezinzima ukuzixuba. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuxuba okungcono kuyimfuneko kuvavanyo lwexesha elizayo, nto leyo eyonyusa ngakumbi imfuneko yoyilo oluphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komxube.
Kutshanje iMott iphuhlise uluhlu olutsha lwezixhobo zokuxuba eziqinileyo zePerfectPeakTM ezineevolumu ezintathu zangaphakathi: i-30 µl, i-60 µl kunye ne-90 µl. Ezi sayizi zigubungela uluhlu lwezixhobo kunye neempawu zokuxuba ezifunekayo kwiimvavanyo ezininzi ze-HPLC apho kufuneka ukuxuba okuphuculweyo kunye nokusasazwa okuphantsi. Zonke ezi modeli zintathu zinobubanzi obuyi-0.5″ kwaye zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphambili kushishino kuyilo oluncinci. Zenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwali ye-316L, ezingasetyenziswanga ngenxa yokungangeni, kodwa i-titanium kunye nezinye ii-alloys zesinyithi ezimelana nokugqwala kunye neekhemikhali nazo ziyafumaneka. Ezi zixhobo zokuxuba zinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza olufikelela kwi-20,000 psi. Kumfanekiso 1a kukho umfanekiso wesixhobo sokuxuba esiqinileyo seMott esingama-60 µl esenzelwe ukubonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kokuxuba ngelixa kusetyenziswa umthamo omncinci wangaphakathi kunezixhobo zokuxuba eziqhelekileyo zolu hlobo. Olu yilo lutsha lwesixhobo sokuxuba esiqinileyo lusebenzisa itekhnoloji entsha yokuvelisa izongezo ukwenza isakhiwo esahlukileyo se-3D esisebenzisa ukuhamba okuncinci kwangaphakathi kunayo nayiphi na isixhobo sokuxuba esisetyenziswa ngoku kwishishini le-chromatography ukufezekisa ukuxuba okuzinzileyo. Ezi mixers ziquka imijelo yokuhamba edibeneyo enemilinganiselo emithathu eneendawo ezahlukeneyo ezinqamlezileyo kunye nobude beendlela ezahlukeneyo njengoko ulwelo lunqumla imiqobo yejiyometri eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi. Kumfanekiso. Umfanekiso 1b ubonisa umzobo weskimu womxube omtsha, osebenzisa izixhobo zoxinzelelo ze-HPLC ezisemgangathweni weshishini eziyi-10-32 zokungena kunye nokuphuma, kwaye unemida eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enemibala yesango lomxube wangaphakathi elinelungelo lobunikazi. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinqamlezileyo zeendlela zokuhamba kwangaphakathi kunye notshintsho kwicala lokuhamba ngaphakathi komthamo wokuhamba kwangaphakathi kudala imimandla yokuhamba okuguquguqukayo kunye ne-laminar, okubangela ukuxubana kwizikali ezincinci, ze-meso kunye neze-macro. Uyilo lwalo mxube ukhethekileyo lusebenzise ii-simulations ze-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ukuhlalutya iipateni zokuhamba kunye nokuphucula uyilo ngaphambi kokwenza iprototyping yovavanyo lohlalutyo lwangaphakathi kunye novavanyo lwentsimi yabathengi. Ukuveliswa kokongeza yinkqubo yokuprinta izinto zejiyometri ze-3D ngokuthe ngqo kwimizobo ye-CAD ngaphandle kwesidingo somatshini wendabuko (oomatshini bokugaya, ii-lathes, njl.njl.). Ezi mixers zintsha ezizinzileyo zenzelwe ukwenziwa kusetyenziswa le nkqubo, apho umzimba womxube wenziwa kwimizobo ye-CAD kwaye iindawo zenziwe (ziprintiwe) umaleko kusetyenziswa imveliso yokongeza. Apha, umaleko womgubo wesinyithi omalunga ne-20 microns ubukhulu uyafakwa, kwaye i-laser elawulwa yikhompyutha iyanyibilikisa ngokukhetha kwaye idibanise umgubo kwimo eqinileyo. Faka omnye umaleko phezu kolu maleko kwaye ufake i-laser sintering. Phinda le nkqubo ide igqitywe ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko umgubo ususwa kwinxalenye engeyiyo i-laser bonded, ushiye inxalenye eprintiweyo ye-3D ehambelana nomzobo wokuqala we-CAD. Imveliso yokugqibela ifana kancinci nenkqubo ye-microfluidic, umahluko ophambili kukuba izinto ze-microfluidic zihlala zi-two-dimensional (zithe tyaba), ngelixa kusetyenziswa imveliso yokongeza, iipateni zokuhamba ezintsonkothileyo zinokwenziwa kwi-geometry ye-three-dimensional. Ezi faucets zifumaneka ngoku njengeenxalenye eziprintiweyo ze-3D kwi-316L stainless steel kunye ne-titanium. Uninzi lwee-alloys zesinyithi, ii-polymers kunye nezinye ii-ceramics zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto kusetyenziswa le ndlela kwaye ziya kuqwalaselwa kuyilo/iimveliso ezizayo.
Irayisi. 1. Umfanekiso (a) kunye nomzobo (b) womxube oqinileyo we-90 μl Mott obonisa indlela yokuhamba kolwelo lomxube enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Sebenzisa ii-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations zokusebenza kwe-static mixer ngexesha lesigaba soyilo ukunceda ekuphuhliseni uyilo olusebenzayo kunye nokunciphisa iimvavanyo zovavanyo kunye neempazamo ezibizayo. I-CFD simulation yee-static mixers kunye neepayipi eziqhelekileyo (i-no-mixer simulation) usebenzisa iphakheji yesoftware ye-COMSOL Multiphysics. Ukumodela kusetyenziswa i-pressure-driven pressure fluid mechanics ukuqonda isantya se-fluid kunye noxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwenxalenye. Le fluid dynamics, idibene nokuthuthwa kweekhemikhali zee-mobile phase compounds, inceda ukuqonda ukuxutywa kwee-concentrated liquids ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Le modeli ifundwa njengomsebenzi wexesha, olingana nemizuzwana eli-10, ukuze kube lula ukubala ngelixa ikhangela izisombululo ezifanayo. Idatha yethiyori ifunyenwe kwisifundo esinxulumene nexesha kusetyenziswa isixhobo se-point probe projection, apho inqaku eliphakathi kwendlela yokuphuma lakhethwa ukuqokelelwa kwedatha. Imodeli ye-CFD kunye novavanyo lovavanyo lusebenzise i-solvents ezimbini ezahlukeneyo nge-proportional sampling valve kunye nenkqubo yokupompa, okubangela ukuba kubekho iplagi yokutshintsha ye-solvent nganye kumgca we-sampling. Ezi solvents emva koko zixutywa kwi-static mixer. Imifanekiso 2 kunye ne-3 ibonisa ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ngepayipi eqhelekileyo (engenamxube) kunye ne-Mott static mixer, ngokulandelanayo. Ukulinganisa kwenziwa kwityhubhu ethe tye enobude obuyi-5 cm kunye ne-0.25 mm ID ukubonisa ingcamango yokutshintshana kweeplagi zamanzi kunye ne-acetonitrile ecocekileyo kwityhubhu xa kungekho mxube ozinzileyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. Ukulinganisa kusetyenziswe ubukhulu obuchanekileyo betyhubhu kunye ne-mixer kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwe-0 .3 ml/min.
Irayisi. 2. Ukulinganisa ukuhamba kwe-CFD kwityhubhu eyi-5 cm enobubanzi bangaphakathi obuyi-0.25 mm ukumela oko kwenzeka kwityhubhu ye-HPLC, oko kukuthi xa kungekho sixhobo sokuxuba. Ubomvu obupheleleyo bumele iqhekeza lobunzima bamanzi. Uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bumele ukunqongophala kwamanzi, oko kukuthi i-acetonitrile ecocekileyo. Iindawo zokusasazeka zinokubonwa phakathi kweeplagi ezitshintshanayo zolwelo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
Irayisi. 3. Umxube oqinileyo onomthamo we-30 ml, owenziwe kwimodeli kwiphakheji yesoftware ye-COMSOL CFD. Intsomi imele iqhekeza lobunzima bamanzi kwi-mixer. Amanzi acocekileyo aboniswa ngombala obomvu kunye ne-acetonitrile ecocekileyo ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Utshintsho kwiqhekeza lobunzima bamanzi alinganisiweyo luboniswa lutshintsho kumbala wokuxuba ulwelo olubini.
Kumfanekiso 4 ubonisa uphando lokuqinisekisa imodeli yokuhambelana phakathi kokusebenza kokuxuba kunye nomthamo wokuxuba. Njengoko umthamo wokuxuba usanda, ukusebenza kokuxuba kuya kwanda. Ngokolwazi lwababhali, amanye amandla anzima asebenza ngaphakathi komxube awunakubalwa kule modeli ye-CFD, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kokuxuba kwiimvavanyo zovavanyo. Ukusebenza kokuxuba kovavanyo kulinganiswe njengokunciphisa kwepesenti kwi-sinusoid yesiseko. Ukongeza, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lomqolo ludla ngokubangela amanqanaba aphezulu okuxuba, angathathelwa ingqalelo kwi-simulation.
Ezi meko zilandelayo ze-HPLC kunye nokuseta uvavanyo zisetyenzisiwe ukulinganisa amaza e-sine aluhlaza ukuthelekisa ukusebenza okunxulumeneyo kwee-mixers ezahlukeneyo ze-static. Umzobo okuMfanekiso 5 ubonisa ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo ye-HPLC/UHPLC. I-static mixer ivavanyiwe ngokubeka i-mixer ngqo emva kwepompo nangaphambi kwekholamu ye-injector kunye ne-separation. Uninzi lokulinganisa i-background sinusoidal lwenziwa ngokudlula i-injector kunye nekholamu ye-capillary phakathi kwe-static mixer kunye ne-UV detector. Xa kuvavanywa umlinganiselo wesignali-kwingxolo kunye/okanye ukuhlalutya imo ye-peak, uqwalaselo lwenkqubo luboniswe kuMfanekiso 5.
Umfanekiso 4. Isicwangciso sokusebenza kakuhle kokuxuba ngokuchasene nomthamo wokuxuba uluhlu lwabaxubi abangashukumiyo. Ukungcola okunethiyori kulandela umkhwa ofanayo nedatha yokungcola kovavanyo eqinisekisa ubunyani be-CFD simulations.
Inkqubo ye-HPLC esetyenzisiweyo kolu vavanyo yayiyi-Agilent 1100 Series HPLC ene-UV detector elawulwa yi-PC esebenzisa isoftware yeChemstation. Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokulungisa ukulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-mixer ngokujonga i-sinusoids ezisisiseko kwizifundo ezimbini zeemeko. Uvavanyo lovavanyo lwenziwe kwimizekelo emibini eyahlukeneyo ye-solvents. I-solvents ezimbini ezixutywe kwimeko yoku-1 yayiyi-solvent A (20 mM ammonium acetate emanzini anyibilikisiweyo) kunye ne-solvent B (80% acetonitrile (ACN)/20% amanzi anyibilikisiweyo). Kwimeko yesi-2, i-solvent A yayisisisombululo se-0.05% acetone (ileyibhile) emanzini anyibilikisiweyo. I-solvent B ngumxube we-80/20% methanol kunye namanzi. Kwimeko yoku-1, ipompo yayimiselwe kwisantya sokuhamba se-0.25 ml/min ukuya kwi-1.0 ml/min, kwaye kwimeko yesi-2, ipompo yayimiselwe kwisantya sokuhamba esingaguqukiyo se-1 ml/min. Kuzo zombini iimeko, umlinganiselo womxube we-solvents u-A no-B wawuyi-20% A/80% B. Isixhobo sokubona simiselwe kwi-220 nm kwimeko yoku-1, kwaye ukufunxwa okuphezulu kwe-acetone kwimeko yesi-2 kumiselwe kwi-wavelength ye-265 nm.
Itheyibhile 1. Ulungelelwaniso lwe-HPLC kwiiCase 1 kunye ne-2 Case 1 Case 2 Isantya sePump 0.25 ml/min ukuya kwi-1.0 ml/min 1.0 ml/min Isolvent A 20 mM ammonium acetate emanzini anyibilikisiweyo 0.05% I-Acetone emanzini anyibilikisiweyo Isolvent B 80% I-Acetonitrile (ACN) / 20% amanzi anyibilikisiweyo 80% i-methanol / 20% amanzi anyibilikisiweyo I-Solvent ratio 20% A / 80% B 20% A / 80% I-B Detector 220 nm 265 nm
Irayisi. 6. Iiploti zamaza axutyiweyo e-sine alinganiswe ngaphambi nasemva kokusebenzisa isihluzi esisezantsi ukususa izinto ezisisiseko zokushukuma komqondiso.
Umfanekiso 6 ngumzekelo oqhelekileyo wengxolo exutyiweyo yesiseko kwiCandelo 1, eboniswa njengephethini ephindaphindayo ye-sinusoidal ebekwe phezu kwe-baseline drift. I-Baseline drift kukunyuka okanye ukwehla kancinci kwesignali yangasemva. Ukuba inkqubo ayivumelekanga ukulingana ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo, idla ngokuwa, kodwa iya kushukuma ngokungaguqukiyo nokuba inkqubo izinzile ngokupheleleyo. Olu shukuma lwesiseko ludla ngokwanda xa inkqubo isebenza kwi-gradient ethe tye okanye kwiimeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu lomqolo. Xa olu shukuma lwesiseko lukho, kunokuba nzima ukuthelekisa iziphumo ukusuka kwisampulu ukuya kwisampulu, ezinokoyiswa ngokusebenzisa isihluzi esiphantsi kwidatha eluhlaza ukuze kuhluzwe olu tshintsho oluphantsi lwe-frequency, ngaloo ndlela kubonelelwe ngeploti ye-oscillation enesiseko esithe tyaba. Kumfanekiso. Umfanekiso 6 ukwabonisa iploti yengxolo yesiseko yomxube emva kokusebenzisa isihluzi esiphantsi.
Emva kokugqiba ukulinganisa kwe-CFD kunye novavanyo lokuqala lovavanyo, emva koko kwaphuhliswa abaxubi abathathu abahlukeneyo be-static kusetyenziswa izinto zangaphakathi ezichazwe apha ngasentla ezineevolumu ezintathu zangaphakathi: i-30 µl, i-60 µl kunye ne-90 µl. Olu luhlu lugubungela uluhlu lweevolumu kunye nokusebenza kokuxuba okufunekayo kwizicelo ze-HPLC eziphantsi kwe-analyte apho ukuxuba okuphuculweyo kunye nokusasazwa okuphantsi kufuneka khona ukuvelisa iziseko ze-amplitude ephantsi. Kumfanekiso 7 ubonisa imilinganiselo ye-sine wave esisiseko efunyenwe kwinkqubo yovavanyo yoMzekelo 1 (i-acetonitrile kunye ne-ammonium acetate njengee-tracers) eneevolumu ezintathu ze-static mixers kwaye kungekho mixers zifakiweyo. Iimeko zovavanyo lovavanyo lweziphumo eziboniswe kuMfanekiso 7 zigcinwe zinjalo kuzo zonke iimvavanyo ezi-4 ngokwenkqubo echazwe kwiTheyibhile 1 kwisantya sokuhamba kwe-solvent se-0.5 ml/min. Faka ixabiso le-offset kwiiseti zedatha ukuze ziboniswe ecaleni kwelinye ngaphandle kokugqithisa kwesignali. I-Offset ayichaphazeli ubukhulu besignali esetyenziselwa ukugweba inqanaba lokusebenza komxube. Umlinganiselo we-sinusoidal amplitude ngaphandle kwe-mixer yayiyi-0.221 mAi, ngelixa ubuninzi be-static Mott mixers kwi-30 µl, 60 µl, kunye ne-90 µl behle baya kwi-0.077, 0.017, kunye ne-0.004 mAi, ngokwahlukeneyo.
Umfanekiso 7. I-HPLC UV Detector Signal Offset vs. Ixesha leCase 1 (i-acetonitrile ene-ammonium acetate indicator) ebonisa ukuxubana kwe-solvent ngaphandle komxube, i-30 µl, i-60 µl kunye ne-90 µl Mott mixers ebonisa ukuxubana okuphuculweyo (i-amplitude yesignali ephantsi) njengoko umthamo womxube ozinzileyo unyuka. (ii-offsets zedatha yokwenyani: 0.13 (akukho mxube), 0.32, 0.4, 0.45mA ukuze kuboniswe ngcono).
Idatha eboniswe kumzobo 8 iyafana nekwiFig. 7, kodwa ngeli xesha ibandakanya iziphumo zee-HPLC static mixers ezintathu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ezine-volumes yangaphakathi ye-50 µl, 150 µl kunye ne-250 µl. Irayisi. Umfanekiso 8. I-HPLC UV Detector Signal Offset vs Time Plot for Case 1 (Acetonitrile kunye ne-Ammonium Acetate njengezalathisi) ezibonisa ukuxutywa kwe-solvent ngaphandle kwe-static mixer, uthotho olutsha lwee-Mott static mixers, kunye nee-common mixers ezintathu (i-data offset yokwenyani yi-0.1 (ngaphandle kwe-mixer), 0.32, 0.48, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 mA ngokulandelelanayo ukuze kubekho isiphumo esingcono sokubonisa). Ukunciphisa ipesenti ye-base sine wave kubalwa ngomlinganiselo we-amplitude ye-sine wave ukuya kwi-amplitude ngaphandle kwe-mixer efakiweyo. Iipesenti zokunciphisa i-sine wave ezilinganisiweyo kwiiCases 1 kunye ne-2 zidweliswe kwiTheyibhile 2, kunye nomthamo wangaphakathi womxube omtsha ozinzileyo kunye nabaxubi abasixhenxe abaqhelekileyo abasetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino. Idatha ekuMifanekiso 8 kunye ne-9, kunye nokubala okuboniswe kwiTheyibhile 2, ibonisa ukuba iMott Static Mixer inokubonelela nge-98.1% ye-sine wave attenuation, edlula kakhulu ukusebenza komxube we-HPLC oqhelekileyo phantsi kwezi meko zovavanyo. Umfanekiso 9. I-HPLC UV detector signal offset ngokuchasene ne-time plot yetyala lesi-2 (i-methanol kunye ne-acetone njenge-tracers) ebonisa ukuba akukho mxube ozinzileyo (odibeneyo), uthotho olutsha lwabaxubi abazinzileyo beMott kunye nabaxubi ababini abaqhelekileyo (ii-offsets zedatha yokwenyani yi-0, 11 (ngaphandle komxube.), 0.22, 0.3, 0.35 mA kunye nokuboniswa okungcono). Abaxubi abasixhenxe abasetyenziswa rhoqo kushishino nabo bavavanyiwe. Ezi ziquka abaxubi abaneevolumu ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi ezivela kwinkampani A (iMixer A1, A2 kunye neA3) kunye nenkampani B (iMixer B1, B2 kunye neB3). Inkampani C inike umlinganiselo omnye kuphela.
Itheyibhile 2. Iimpawu zokuHlanganisa ze-Static Mixer kunye ne-Internal Volume Static Mixer Case 1 Sinusoidal Recovery: Uvavanyo lwe-Acetonitrile (Ukusebenza kakuhle) Case 2 Sinusoidal Recovery: Uvavanyo lwamanzi lwe-Methanol (Ukusebenza kakuhle) Umthamo wangaphakathi (µl) Akukho Mixer – - 0 Mott 30 65% 67.2% 30 Mott 60 92.2% 91.3% 60 Mott 90 98.1% 97.5% 90 Mixer A1 66.4% 73.7% 50 Mixer A2 89.8% 91.6% 150 Mixer A3 92.2% 94.5% 250 Mixer B1 44.8% 45.7% 9 35 Mixer B2 845.% 96.2% 370 Mixer C 97.2% 97.4% 250
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo kuMfanekiso 8 kunye neTheyibhile 2 lubonisa ukuba umxube oqinileyo we-30 µl Mott unokusebenza okufanayo komxube we-A1, oko kukuthi i-50 µl, nangona kunjalo, i-30 µl Mott inomthamo wangaphakathi ongaphantsi ngama-30%. Xa kuthelekiswa umxube we-60 µl Mott nomxube we-150 µl wangaphakathi we-A2, bekukho ukuphucuka okuncinci ekusebenzeni komxube we-92% xa kuthelekiswa ne-89%, kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi, eli nqanaba liphezulu lokuxuba lifezekiswe kwi-1/3 yomthamo womxube. Ukusebenza komxube we-90 µl Mott kulandele umkhwa ofanayo nomxube we-A3 onomthamo wangaphakathi we-250 µl. Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kokuxuba kwe-98% kunye ne-92% kubonwe ngokunciphisa kathathu komthamo wangaphakathi. Iziphumo ezifanayo kunye nothelekiso zifunyenwe kwi-mixers B kunye ne-C. Ngenxa yoko, uthotho olutsha lwe-static mixers Mott PerfectPeakTM lubonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kokuxuba ngaphezu kwe-competitive mixers ezifanayo, kodwa nge-volume yangaphakathi encinci, ebonelela ngengxolo engcono yangasemva kunye nomlinganiselo ongcono wesignali-kwingxolo, i-Analyte engcono yobuntununtunu, imo yencochoyi kunye nesisombululo sencochoyi. Iindlela ezifanayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokuxuba zibonwe kwizifundo ze-Case 1 kunye ne-Case 2. Kwi-Case 2, uvavanyo lwenziwe kusetyenziswa (i-methanol kunye ne-acetone njengezalathisi) ukuthelekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuxuba kwe-60 ml Mott, i-mixer ethelekiswayo ye-A1 (i-volume yangaphakathi ye-50 µl) kunye ne-mixer ethelekiswayo ye-B1 (i-volume yangaphakathi ye-35 µl). , ukusebenza bekungalunganga ngaphandle kwe-mixer efakiweyo, kodwa yasetyenziselwa uhlalutyo olusisiseko. I-60 ml Mott mixer ibonakalise ukuba yeyona mixer ilungileyo kwiqela lovavanyo, ibonelela ngokwanda kwe-90% ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokuxuba. I-Mixer A1 ethelekiswayo ibone ukuphucuka kwe-75% ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokuxuba kulandelwa kukuphucuka kwe-45% kwi-B1 mixer ethelekiswayo. Uvavanyo olusisiseko lokunciphisa i-sine wave ngesantya sokuhamba lwenziwe kuthotho lwee-mixers phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo novavanyo lwe-sine curve kwiCandelo 1, kunye nesantya sokuhamba kuphela esitshintshileyo. Idatha ibonise ukuba kuluhlu lwamazinga okuhamba ukusuka kwi-0.25 ukuya kwi-1 ml/min, ukwehla kokuqala kwi-sine wave kwahlala kungaguquki kuzo zonke iivolumu ezintathu ze-mixer. Kwi-mixers ezimbini ezincinci ze-volume, kukho ukunyuka okuncinci kwi-sinusoidal contraction njengoko isantya sokuhamba sincipha, okulindelekileyo ngenxa yexesha elongeziweyo lokuhlala kwe-solvent kwi-mixer, okuvumela ukwanda kokuxubana. Ukukhupha i-sine wave kulindeleke ukuba kwande njengoko ukuhamba kuncipha ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-mixer volume enkulu ene-sine wave base attenuation ephezulu, i-sine wave base attenuation ayizange itshintshe (ngaphakathi koluhlu lokungaqiniseki kovavanyo), kunye namaxabiso aqala kwi-95% ukuya kwi-98%. Irayisi. 10. Ukuncitshiswa okusisiseko kwesantya se-sine wave xa kuthelekiswa nesantya sokuhamba kwimeko yoku-1. Uvavanyo lwenziwe phantsi kweemeko ezifana novavanyo lwe-sine olunesantya sokuhamba esiguquguqukayo, kufakwa i-80% yomxube we-acetonitrile we-80/20 kunye namanzi kunye ne-20% ye-20 mM ammonium acetate.
Uluhlu olutsha oluphuhlisiweyo lwee-PerfectPeakTM inline static mixers ezinelungelo lobunikazi ezineevolumu ezintathu zangaphakathi: i-30 µl, i-60 µl kunye ne-90 µl zigubungela uluhlu lokusebenza komthamo kunye nokuxuba olufunekayo kuhlalutyo oluninzi lwe-HPLC olufuna ukuxuba okuphuculweyo kunye nemigangatho ephantsi yokusasazwa. I-static mixer entsha ifezekisa oku ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji entsha yokuprinta ye-3D ukudala isakhiwo esikhethekileyo se-3D esibonelela ngokuxuba okuphuculweyo kwe-hydrodynamic static okunepesenti ephezulu yokunciphisa ingxolo yesiseko ngeyunithi nganye yomthamo womxube wangaphakathi. Ukusebenzisa i-1/3 yomthamo wangaphakathi womxube wesiqhelo kunciphisa ingxolo yesiseko nge-98%. Ezi mixers ziquka imijelo yokuhamba edibeneyo enemilinganiselo emithathu eneendawo ezahlukeneyo ezinqamlezileyo kunye nobude bendlela obahlukeneyo njengoko ulwelo lunqumla imiqobo yejometri enzima ngaphakathi. Usapho olutsha lwee-static mixers lubonelela ngokusebenza okuphuculweyo ngaphezu kwee-mixers ezikhuphisanayo, kodwa ngevolumu yangaphakathi encinci, okubangela ukuba kubekho umlinganiselo ongcono wesignali-kwingxolo kunye nemida ephantsi yobungakanani, kunye nokuphucuka kobume bencochoyi, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nesisombululo sobuntununtunu obuphezulu.
Kule ncwadana iChromatography – I-RP-HPLC enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo – Ukusetyenziswa kwe-chromatography ye-core-shell ukutshintsha i-acetonitrile nge-isopropanol ekuhlalutyweni nasekucocweni – I-chromatograph entsha yegesi ye…
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