Chosakaniza chatsopano chosinthika cha inline static chapangidwa makamaka kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zolimba za high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ndi ultra high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ndi UHPLC). Kusakaniza kosayenera kwa magawo awiri kapena kuposerapo oyenda kungayambitse chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha chizindikiro-ku-phokoso, chomwe chimachepetsa kukhudzidwa. Kusakaniza kofanana kwa madzi awiri kapena kuposerapo okhala ndi voliyumu yamkati yochepa komanso miyeso yeniyeni ya chosakaniza chosasunthika kumayimira muyezo wapamwamba kwambiri wa chosakaniza chosasunthika choyenera. Chosakaniza chatsopano chosasunthika chimakwaniritsa izi pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wosindikiza wa 3D kuti apange kapangidwe kapadera ka 3D komwe kamapereka kusakaniza kwa hydrodynamic static komwe kumachepa kwambiri mu base sine wave pa unit yamkati ya chosakaniza. Kugwiritsa ntchito 1/3 ya voliyumu yamkati ya chosakaniza chokhazikika kumachepetsa mafunde oyambira a sine ndi 98%. Chosakanizachi chimakhala ndi njira zolumikizirana za 3D flow zomwe zili ndi madera osiyanasiyana opingasa ndi kutalika kwa njira pamene madziwo akudutsa mu geometries zovuta za 3D. Kusakaniza m'njira zambiri zozungulira, kuphatikiza ndi turbulence yapafupi ndi eddies, kumabweretsa kusakanikirana pa ma micro, meso ndi macro scales. Chosakaniza chapaderachi chapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeserera zamadzimadzi (CFD). Deta yoyesera yomwe yaperekedwa ikuwonetsa kuti kusakaniza kwabwino kwambiri kumachitika ndi voliyumu yochepa yamkati.
Kwa zaka zoposa 30, chromatography yamadzimadzi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri, kuphatikizapo mankhwala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuteteza chilengedwe, kufufuza zamtsogolo, ndi kusanthula mankhwala. Kutha kuyeza magawo pa miliyoni imodzi kapena kuchepera ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwaukadaulo m'makampani aliwonse. Kusasakaniza bwino kumabweretsa chiŵerengero chochepa cha chizindikiro-ku-phokoso, chomwe chimakwiyitsa gulu la chromatography pankhani ya malire ozindikira ndi kukhudzidwa. Mukasakaniza zosungunulira ziwiri za HPLC, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kukakamiza kusakaniza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakunja kuti mugwirizane zosungunulira ziwirizi chifukwa zosungunulira zina sizisakanikirana bwino. Ngati zosungunulira sizisakanizidwa bwino, kuwonongeka kwa chromatogram ya HPLC kungachitike, zomwe zimadziwonetsera ngati phokoso lochulukirapo la baseline ndi/kapena mawonekedwe oipa a peak. Ndi kusakaniza koipa, phokoso la baseline lidzawoneka ngati sine wave (kukwera ndi kutsika) kwa chizindikiro chozindikira pakapita nthawi. Nthawi yomweyo, kusakaniza koipa kungayambitse kukulirakulira ndi mapiri osafanana, kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito owunikira, mawonekedwe apamwamba, ndi kutsimikiza kwa peak. Makampaniwa azindikira kuti zosakaniza zamkati ndi tee static ndi njira yowongolera malire awa ndikulola ogwiritsa ntchito kupeza malire otsika ozindikira (kukhudzidwa). Chosakaniza chabwino kwambiri chosasunthika chimaphatikiza ubwino wa kusakaniza bwino kwambiri, voliyumu yochepa yakufa komanso kutsika kwa mphamvu yotsika ndi voliyumu yocheperako komanso mphamvu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito makina. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene kusanthula kukukhala kovuta, akatswiri ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse zosungunulira za polar komanso zovuta kusakaniza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusakaniza bwino ndikofunikira pakuyesa mtsogolo, zomwe zimawonjezera kufunikira kwa kapangidwe kabwino ka chosakaniza ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Posachedwapa, Mott yapanga mitundu yatsopano ya makina osakaniza a PerfectPeakTM okhala ndi patent okhala ndi ma voliyumu atatu amkati: 30 µl, 60 µl ndi 90 µl. Makulidwe awa amaphimba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma voliyumu ndi mawonekedwe osakaniza omwe amafunikira pa mayeso ambiri a HPLC komwe kusakaniza bwino komanso kufalikira kochepa kumafunika. Mitundu yonse itatuyi ndi mainchesi 0.5 ndipo imapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri mumakampani opanga yaying'ono. Amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L, chosagwira ntchito kuti chisalowe, koma titaniyamu ndi zitsulo zina zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri komanso zopanda mankhwala zimapezekanso. Makina osakaniza awa ali ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu kogwira ntchito mpaka 20,000 psi. Pa chithunzi 1a pali chithunzi cha makina osakaniza a Mott 60 µl omwe adapangidwa kuti apereke mphamvu yayikulu yosakaniza pomwe akugwiritsa ntchito voliyumu yaying'ono yamkati kuposa makina osakaniza wamba amtunduwu. Kapangidwe katsopano ka makina osakaniza a static kamagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wopanga zowonjezera kuti apange kapangidwe kapadera ka 3D komwe kamagwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe kochepa kamkati kuposa makina osakaniza aliwonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano mumakampani opanga chromatography kuti akwaniritse kusakaniza kosasinthasintha. Zosakaniza zotere zimakhala ndi njira zolumikizirana zoyenda ndi magawo atatu zomwe zili ndi madera osiyanasiyana komanso kutalika kosiyanasiyana kwa njira pamene madziwo akudutsa zopinga zovuta mkati. Pa chithunzi 1b, chithunzicho chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha chosakanizira chatsopanochi, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito zida zomangira za HPLC zolumikizidwa ndi ulusi 10-32 zolowera ndi kutuluka, ndipo chili ndi malire abuluu a doko losakaniza lamkati lokhala ndi patent. Madera osiyanasiyana odutsa njira zoyenda ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka ... Apa, ufa wachitsulo wokwana ma microns 20 umayikidwa, ndipo laser yoyendetsedwa ndi kompyuta imasungunula bwino ndikusakaniza ufawo kukhala wolimba. Ikani gawo lina pamwamba pa gawoli ndikuyika laser sintering. Bwerezani izi mpaka gawolo litamalizidwa kwathunthu. Ufawo umachotsedwa mu gawo losagwirizana ndi laser, ndikusiya gawo losindikizidwa la 3D lomwe likugwirizana ndi chithunzi choyambirira cha CAD. Chogulitsa chomaliza chimafanana pang'ono ndi njira ya microfluidic, kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti zigawo za microfluidic nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamitundu iwiri (zosalala), pomwe pogwiritsa ntchito zopangira zowonjezera, mapangidwe ovuta akuyenda amatha kupangidwa mu geometry yamitundu itatu. Ma faucet awa pakadali pano akupezeka ngati zigawo zosindikizidwa za 3D mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L ndi titaniyamu. Ma alloy ambiri achitsulo, ma polima ndi zina zadothi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zigawo pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi ndipo zidzaganiziridwanso m'mapangidwe/zinthu zamtsogolo.
Mpunga. 1. Chithunzi (a) ndi chithunzi (b) cha chosakanizira cha Mott static cha 90 μl chomwe chikuwonetsa gawo lodutsa la njira yoyendera madzi a chosakanizira chomwe chili ndi mthunzi wabuluu.
Gwiritsani ntchito ma computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ma simulation a static mixer performance panthawi yopangira kuti muthandize kupanga mapangidwe abwino ndikuchepetsa nthawi yambiri komanso kuyesa kokwera mtengo. CFD ma simulation a static mixers ndi standard piping (no-mixer simulation) pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya COMSOL Multiphysics. Kupanga ma modelling pogwiritsa ntchito pressure-driven pressure laminar fluid mechanics kuti mumvetse liwiro la madzi ndi kupanikizika mkati mwa gawo. Madzi awa, kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala oyendera ma mobile phase compounds, zimathandiza kumvetsetsa kusakaniza kwa madzi awiri osiyana. Chitsanzochi chimaphunziridwa ngati ntchito ya nthawi, yofanana ndi masekondi 10, kuti kuwerengetsa kukhale kosavuta pamene mukufuna mayankho ofanana. Deta ya chiphunzitso idapezeka mu kafukufuku wogwirizana ndi nthawi pogwiritsa ntchito chida chowunikira mfundo, komwe mfundo pakati pa kutuluka idasankhidwa kuti isonkhanitse deta. Chitsanzo cha CFD ndi mayeso oyesera adagwiritsa ntchito ma solvents awiri osiyana kudzera mu proportional sampling valve ndi pumping system, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale pulagi yosinthira ya solvent iliyonse mu mzere wa sampling. Ma solvents awa amasakanizidwa mu static mixer. Zithunzi 2 ndi 3 zikuwonetsa ma simulation a kayendedwe ka madzi kudzera mu chitoliro chokhazikika (chopanda chosakanizira) komanso kudzera mu chosakanizira cha Mott static, motsatana. Masewerowa adayendetsedwa pa chubu cholunjika cha 5 cm kutalika ndi 0.25 mm ID kuti awonetse lingaliro la kusinthana ma plug a madzi ndi acetonitrile oyera mu chubu popanda chosakanizira chokhazikika, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2. Masewerowa adagwiritsa ntchito miyeso yeniyeni ya chubu ndi chosakanizira komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumayendera 0 .3 ml/min.
Mpunga. 2. Kuyerekeza kwa kayendedwe ka CFD mu chubu cha 5 cm chokhala ndi mainchesi amkati a 0.25 mm kuyimira zomwe zimachitika mu chubu cha HPLC, mwachitsanzo popanda chosakanizira. Chofiira chonse chikuyimira gawo lalikulu la madzi. Buluu likuyimira kusowa kwa madzi, mwachitsanzo acetonitrile yoyera. Madera ofalikira amatha kuwoneka pakati pa mapulagi osinthana a zakumwa ziwiri zosiyana.
Mpunga. 3. Chosakaniza chosasinthasintha chokhala ndi voliyumu ya 30 ml, chopangidwa mu phukusi la mapulogalamu a COMSOL CFD. Nthanoyi ikuyimira gawo la madzi mu chosakaniza. Madzi oyera akuwonetsedwa mu ofiira ndi acetonitrile oyera mu buluu. Kusintha kwa gawo la madzi oyeretsedwa kumaimiridwa ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wa kusakaniza kwa zakumwa ziwiri.
Pa chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa kafukufuku wotsimikizira wa chitsanzo chogwirizana pakati pa kusakaniza bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza. Pamene kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kukuwonjezeka, mphamvu yosakaniza idzawonjezeka. Malinga ndi zomwe olembawo akudziwa, mphamvu zina zovuta zomwe zimagwira ntchito mkati mwa chosakaniza sizingawerengedwe mu chitsanzo cha CFD ichi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusakaniza kukhale kopambana kwambiri mu mayeso oyesera. Kusakaniza bwino kwa kuyesa kunayesedwa ngati kuchepa kwa peresenti mu sinusoid yoyambira. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanikizika kwa msana nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza, komwe sikuganiziridwa mu kuyerekezera.
Mikhalidwe yotsatira ya HPLC ndi kukhazikitsa mayeso zinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mafunde osaphika a sine kuti ayerekezere magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana a osakaniza osasinthasintha. Chithunzi chomwe chili pa Chithunzi 5 chikuwonetsa kapangidwe ka HPLC/UHPLC. Chosakaniza chosasinthasintha chinayesedwa poyika chosakanizacho mwachindunji pambuyo pa pampu komanso pamaso pa injector ndi legation column. Miyeso yambiri ya background sinusoidal imapangidwa modutsa injector ndi capillary column pakati pa chosakaniza chosasinthasintha ndi UV detector. Poyesa chiŵerengero cha chizindikiro-kwa-phokoso ndi/kapena kusanthula mawonekedwe a peak, kasinthidwe ka dongosolo kakuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 5.
Chithunzi 4. Chithunzi cha momwe kusakaniza kumagwirira ntchito poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusakaniza kosasinthasintha. Kusayera kwa chiphunzitso kumatsatira zomwezo monga deta yoyesera yodetsa kutsimikizira kulondola kwa ma simulation a CFD.
Dongosolo la HPLC lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa uku linali Agilent 1100 Series HPLC yokhala ndi chowunikira cha UV chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi pulogalamu ya PC yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito Chemstation. Gome 1 likuwonetsa momwe zinthu zimakhalira poyesa magwiridwe antchito a chosakanizira poyang'anira ma sinusoids oyambira m'maphunziro awiri. Mayeso oyesera adachitika pazitsanzo ziwiri zosiyana za zosungunulira. Zosungunulira ziwiri zomwe zidasakanizidwa mu mlandu 1 zinali zosungunulira A (20 mM ammonium acetate m'madzi osungunuka) ndi zosungunulira B (80% acetonitrile (ACN)/20% madzi osungunuka). Mu Nkhani 2, zosungunulira A zinali yankho la 0.05% acetone (label) m'madzi osungunuka. Zosungunulira B ndi chisakanizo cha 80/20% methanol ndi madzi. Mu Nkhani 1, pampu idakhazikitsidwa pamlingo woyenda wa 0.25 ml/min mpaka 1.0 ml/min, ndipo mu Nkhani 2, pampu idakhazikitsidwa pamlingo woyenda wa 1 ml/min. Muzochitika zonsezi, chiŵerengero cha kusakaniza kwa zosungunulira A ndi B chinali 20% A/80% B. Chowunikiracho chinayikidwa pa 220 nm mu nkhani 1, ndipo kuyamwa kwakukulu kwa acetone mu nkhani 2 kunayikidwa pa kutalika kwa 265 nm.
Gome 1. Makonzedwe a HPLC a Ma Cases 1 ndi 2 Case 1 Case 2 Liwiro la Pampu 0.25 ml/mphindi mpaka 1.0 ml/mphindi 1.0 ml/mphindi Zosungunulira A 20 mM ammonium acetate m'madzi oyeretsedwa 0.05% Acetone m'madzi oyeretsedwa Zosungunulira B 80% Acetonitrile (ACN) / 20% madzi oyeretsedwa 80% methanol / 20% madzi oyeretsedwa Chiŵerengero cha zosungunulira 20% A / 80% B 20% A / 80% B Chowunikira 220 nm 265 nm
Mpunga. 6. Ma grafu a mafunde osakanikirana omwe anayezedwa asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yotsika kuti achotse zigawo zoyambira za chizindikiro.
Chithunzi 6 ndi chitsanzo cha phokoso losakanikirana la baseline mu Nkhani 1, lomwe likuwonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe obwerezabwereza a sinusoidal omwe amayikidwa pa baseline drift. Baseline drift ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kapena kuchepa kwa chizindikiro chakumbuyo. Ngati dongosolo sililoledwa kufanana kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri limagwa, koma limasuntha molakwika ngakhale dongosololi litakhazikika kwathunthu. Baseline drift iyi imakonda kuwonjezeka pamene dongosololi likugwira ntchito mozama kwambiri kapena movutikira kwambiri kumbuyo. Pamene baseline drift iyi ilipo, zingakhale zovuta kufananiza zotsatira kuchokera ku chitsanzo kupita ku chitsanzo, zomwe zingatheke pogwiritsira ntchito fyuluta yotsika ku deta yosaphika kuti musefe kusiyana kwa ma frequency otsika, motero kupereka chithunzi cha oscillation chokhala ndi baseline yosalala. Pa chithunzi. Chithunzi 6 chikuwonetsanso chithunzi cha phokoso loyambira la chosakanizira mutagwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yotsika.
Pambuyo pomaliza ma simulation a CFD ndi kuyesa koyambirira koyesera, ma mixer atatu osiyana a static adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zamkati zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa ndi ma volume atatu amkati: 30 µl, 60 µl ndi 90 µl. Mtundu uwu umaphimba kuchuluka kwa ma volume ndi magwiridwe antchito osakaniza omwe amafunikira pa ntchito zochepa za analyte HPLC komwe kusakaniza bwino ndi kufalikira kochepa kumafunika kuti pakhale maziko otsika a amplitude. Pa chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa miyeso yoyambira ya sine wave yomwe idapezeka pamakina oyesera a Chitsanzo 1 (acetonitrile ndi ammonium acetate ngati tracers) ndi ma volume atatu a ma mixer osakhazikika ndipo palibe ma mixer omwe adayikidwa. Mikhalidwe yoyesera yoyesera ya zotsatira zomwe zawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 7 idasungidwa nthawi zonse m'mayeso onse anayi malinga ndi njira yomwe yafotokozedwa mu Table 1 pamlingo woyenda wa solvent wa 0.5 ml/min. Ikani mtengo wotsalira ku ma dataset kuti athe kuwonetsedwa mbali ndi mbali popanda kuphatikizika kwa chizindikiro. Offset sikhudza kukula kwa chizindikiro chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuweruza mulingo wa magwiridwe antchito a chosakaniza. Avereji ya sinusoidal amplitude popanda chosakanizira inali 0.221 mAi, pomwe amplitude ya static Mott mixers pa 30 µl, 60 µl, ndi 90 µl inatsika kufika pa 0.077, 0.017, ndi 0.004 mAi, motsatana.
Chithunzi 7. HPLC UV Detector Signal Offset vs. Time for Case 1 (acetonitrile yokhala ndi ammonium acetate indicator) ikuwonetsa kusakaniza kwa solvent popanda chosakanizira, 30 µl, 60 µl ndi 90 µl Mott mixers ikuwonetsa kusakaniza bwino (kutsika kwa chizindikiro cha amplitude ) pamene voliyumu ya chosakanizira chokhazikika ikukwera. (kuchepa kwa deta yeniyeni: 0.13 (palibe chosakanizira), 0.32, 0.4, 0.45mA kuti muwone bwino).
Deta yomwe yawonetsedwa pa chithunzi 8 ndi yofanana ndi yomwe ili pa Chithunzi 7, koma nthawi ino ikuphatikizapo zotsatira za osakaniza atatu a HPLC omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri omwe ali ndi ma voliyumu amkati a 50 µl, 150 µl ndi 250 µl. Mpunga. Chithunzi 8. HPLC UV Detector Signal Offset motsutsana ndi Time Plot ya Case 1 (Acetonitrile ndi Ammonium Acetate ngati zizindikiro) zomwe zikuwonetsa kusakaniza kwa solvent popanda osakaniza osasinthasintha, mndandanda watsopano wa osakaniza osasinthasintha a Mott, ndi osakaniza atatu wamba (kuchotsera deta yeniyeni ndi 0.1 (popanda osakaniza), 0.32, 0.48, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 mA motsatana kuti ziwonetse bwino). Kuchepetsa kwa mafunde a base sine kumawerengedwa ndi chiŵerengero cha amplitude ya sine wave kupita ku amplitude popanda osakaniza omwe adayikidwa. Maperesenti oyezedwa a sine wave attenuation a Milandu 1 ndi 2 alembedwa mu Gome 2, pamodzi ndi ma voliyumu amkati mwa chosakanizira chatsopano chosasinthika ndi zosakaniza zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani. Deta yomwe ili mu Zithunzi 8 ndi 9, komanso mawerengedwe omwe aperekedwa mu Gome 2, akuwonetsa kuti Mott Static Mixer imatha kupereka kuchepa kwa sine wave mpaka 98.1%, kupitirira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a chosakanizira cha HPLC chachizolowezi pansi pa mikhalidwe iyi yoyesera. Chithunzi 9. HPLC UV detector signal offset motsutsana ndi nthawi ya kesi 2 (methanol ndi acetone monga tracers) yosonyeza palibe chosakanizira chosasinthika (chophatikizidwa), mndandanda watsopano wa zosakaniza za Mott static ndi zosakaniza ziwiri zachikhalidwe (zochotsa deta yeniyeni ndi 0, 11 (popanda chosakanizira.), 0.22, 0.3, 0.35 mA komanso kuti ziwonetsedwe bwino). Zosakaniza zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani zidawunikidwanso. Izi zikuphatikizapo zosakaniza zomwe zili ndi ma voliyumu atatu osiyana amkati kuchokera ku kampani A (Mixer yodziwika bwino A1, A2 ndi A3) ndi kampani B (Mixer yodziwika bwino B1, B2 ndi B3). Kampani C idavotera kukula kumodzi kokha.
Tebulo 2. Makhalidwe Osakaniza Osasunthika ndi Kuchuluka Kwamkati kwa Chosakaniza Chosasunthika 1 Kubwezeretsa Sinusoidal: Kuyesa kwa Acetonitrile (Kugwira Ntchito) Mlandu 2 Kubwezeretsa Sinusoidal: Kuyesa Madzi a Methanol (Kugwira Ntchito) Kuchuluka Kwamkati (µl) Palibe Chosakaniza – - 0 Mott 30 65% 67.2% 30 Mott 60 92.2% 91.3% 60 Mott 90 98.1% 97.5% 90 Chosakaniza A1 66.4% 73.7% 50 Chosakaniza A2 89.8% 91.6% 150 Chosakaniza A3 92.2% 94.5% 250 Chosakaniza B1 44.8% 45.7% 9 35 Chosakaniza B2 845.% 96.2% 370 Chosakaniza C 97.2% 97.4% 250
Kusanthula kwa zotsatira mu Chithunzi 8 ndi Table 2 kukuwonetsa kuti chosakanizira cha 30 µl Mott chili ndi mphamvu yosakaniza yofanana ndi chosakanizira cha A1, mwachitsanzo 50 µl, komabe, 30 µl Mott ili ndi mphamvu yocheperako yamkati ndi 30%. Poyerekeza chosakanizira cha 60 µl Mott ndi chosakanizira chamkati cha 150 µl A2, panali kusintha pang'ono pa mphamvu yosakaniza ya 92% poyerekeza ndi 89%, koma chofunika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kumeneku kunapezeka pa 1/3 ya mphamvu yosakaniza. Mphamvu yosakaniza ya 90 µl Mott inatsatira njira yomweyi monga chosakanizira cha A3 chokhala ndi mphamvu yamkati ya 250 µl. Kupita patsogolo pa mphamvu yosakaniza ya 98% ndi 92% kunawonedwanso ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamkati katatu. Zotsatira zofanana ndi kufananiza zinapezeka pa osakaniza B ndi C. Zotsatira zake, mndandanda watsopano wa osakaniza osasinthasintha Mott PerfectPeakTM umapereka mphamvu yosakaniza bwino kuposa osakaniza ofanana, koma ndi voliyumu yochepa yamkati, yopereka phokoso labwino lakumbuyo komanso chiŵerengero chabwino cha chizindikiro-ku-phokoso, sensitivity Analyte yabwino, mawonekedwe apamwamba ndi kutsimikiza kwa pachimake. Zochitika zofanana pakugwira bwino ntchito kosakaniza zinawonedwa mu maphunziro onse a Mlandu 1 ndi Mlandu 2. Pa Mlandu 2, mayeso adachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito (methanol ndi acetone ngati zizindikiro) poyerekeza mphamvu yosakaniza ya 60 ml Mott, chosakanizira chofananira A1 (voliyumu yamkati 50 µl) ndi chosakanizira chofananira B1 (voliyumu yamkati 35 µl). , magwiridwe antchito anali oipa popanda chosakanizira choyikidwa, koma chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa koyambira. Chosakaniza cha Mott cha 60 ml chinakhala chosakanizira chabwino kwambiri mu gulu loyesera, chomwe chinapereka kuwonjezeka kwa 90% pakugwira bwino ntchito kosakaniza. Chosakaniza chofananira A1 chinawona kusintha kwa 75% pakugwira bwino ntchito kosakaniza kutsatiridwa ndi kusintha kwa 45% pa chosakanizira chofananira cha B1. Mayeso oyambira a kuchepetsa mafunde a sine ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi adachitika pa makina osakaniza osiyanasiyana pansi pa mikhalidwe yofanana ndi mayeso a sine curve mu Nkhani 1, pomwe kuchuluka kwa madzi kokha kudasintha. Deta idawonetsa kuti pamlingo wa madzi kuyambira 0.25 mpaka 1 ml/min, kuchepa koyamba kwa mafunde a sine kunakhalabe kofanana pa mavoliyumu onse atatu osakaniza. Pa makina awiri osakaniza ang'onoang'ono a voliyumu, pali kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kugwedezeka kwa sinusoidal pamene kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepa, zomwe zikuyembekezeka chifukwa cha nthawi yowonjezera yokhala ya solvent mu makina osakaniza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusakanikirana kuchuluke. Kuchotsa kwa mafunde a sine kukuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka pamene kuyenda kumachepa kwambiri. Komabe, pa voliyumu yayikulu kwambiri yosakaniza yokhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mafunde a sine, kuchepa kwa mafunde a sine sikunasinthe kwenikweni (mkati mwa kuchuluka kwa kusatsimikizika koyesera), ndi mitengo kuyambira 95% mpaka 98%. Mpunga. 10. Kuchepetsa koyambira kwa sine wave motsutsana ndi flow rate mu nkhani 1. Mayesowa adachitika pansi pa mikhalidwe yofanana ndi mayeso a sine okhala ndi flow rate yosinthasintha, pobayira 80% ya 80/20 acetonitrile ndi madzi ndi 20% ya 20 mM ammonium acetate.
Mitundu yatsopano ya PerfectPeakTM inline static mixers yokhala ndi ma voliyumu atatu amkati: 30 µl, 60 µl ndi 90 µl imaphimba kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ndi magwiridwe antchito osakanikirana omwe amafunikira pa kusanthula kwakukulu kwa HPLC komwe kumafuna kusakaniza bwino komanso pansi pogawa pang'ono. Chosakaniza chatsopano cha static mixer chimakwaniritsa izi pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wosindikiza wa 3D kuti apange kapangidwe kapadera ka 3D komwe kamapereka kusakaniza kwa hydrodynamic static komwe kumathandizira kuchepetsa kwambiri phokoso la base voliyumu pa unit ya internal mixture. Kugwiritsa ntchito 1/3 ya voliyumu yamkati ya chosakaniza chachizolowezi kumachepetsa phokoso la base ndi 98%. Zosakaniza zotere zimakhala ndi njira zolumikizirana zolumikizana zitatu-dimensional flow channels ndi malo osiyanasiyana opingasa ndi kutalika kosiyana kwa njira pamene madziwo akudutsa zopinga zovuta za geometric mkati. Banja latsopano la zosakaniza za static mixers limapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kuposa zosakaniza za mpikisano, koma ndi voliyumu yochepa yamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiŵerengero chabwino cha chizindikiro-ku-phokoso chikhale bwino komanso malire ochepa a kuchuluka, komanso mawonekedwe abwino, magwiridwe antchito komanso kutsimikiza kwamphamvu kwa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu.
Mu magazini iyi ya Chromatography - RP-HPLC yosamalira chilengedwe - Kugwiritsa ntchito chromatography ya core-shell m'malo mwa acetonitrile ndi isopropanol poyesa ndi kuyeretsa - Chromatography yatsopano ya gasi ya…
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