Impinduramatwara nshyashya ya inline static mixer yakozwe muburyo bwihariye kugirango ihuze ibisabwa bikenerwa na chromatografiya ikora cyane (HPLC) hamwe na ultra high performance fluid chromatography (HPLC na UHPLC).Kuvanga nabi ibyiciro bibiri cyangwa byinshi byimukanwa bishobora kuvamo igipimo kinini cyerekana-urusaku, bigabanya sensibilité.Homogeneous static ivanga ibintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi byamazi hamwe nubunini bwimbere bwimbere hamwe nuburinganire bwumubiri bwa static mixer byerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwimvange nziza.Imvange nshya ya static mixer ibigeraho ikoresheje tekinoroji nshya yo gucapa 3D kugirango ikore imiterere yihariye ya 3D itanga hydrodynamic static ivanze hamwe no kugabanuka kwijanisha ryinshi kugabanuka rya sine kumurongo kuri buri gice cyimbere yimvange.Gukoresha 1/3 cyimbere yimbere yimvange isanzwe igabanya sine shingiro ya 98%.Imvange igizwe numuyoboro wa 3D uhuza hamwe nuduce dutandukanye duhuza ibice hamwe nuburebure bwinzira nkuko amazi anyura geometrike igoye.Kuvanga munzira nyinshi zigenda zitemba, zifatanije n’imivurungano yaho hamwe na eddies, ibisubizo bivanga kuri micro, meso na macro umunzani.Iyi mixer idasanzwe yateguwe ikoresheje comptabilite fluid dinamike (CFD).Ikizamini cyibizamini cyatanzwe cyerekana ko kuvanga neza bigerwaho hamwe nubunini bwimbere.
Mu myaka irenga 30, chromatografiya y’amazi yakoreshejwe mu nganda nyinshi, harimo imiti, imiti yica udukoko, kurengera ibidukikije, ubutabera, n’isesengura ry’imiti.Ubushobozi bwo gupima ibice kuri miriyoni cyangwa munsi yayo nibyingenzi mugutezimbere ikoranabuhanga muruganda urwo arirwo rwose.Kuvanga imikorere mibi biganisha ku bimenyetso bitamenyerewe-ku rusaku, ibyo bikaba bibabaza umuryango wa chromatografiya mubijyanye no kumenya imipaka no kumva.Iyo kuvanga ibishishwa bibiri bya HPLC, rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa guhatira kuvanga hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo hanze kugirango bahuze ibishishwa byombi kuko ibishishwa bimwe bitavanga neza.Niba ibishishwa bitavanze neza, gutesha agaciro chromatogramu ya HPLC birashobora kubaho, bikigaragaza nkurusaku rwibanze rwinshi na / cyangwa imiterere mibi.Hamwe no kuvanga nabi, urusaku rwibanze ruzagaragara nkumuhengeri wa sine (kuzamuka no kugwa) wikimenyetso cya detector mugihe runaka.Muri icyo gihe, kuvanga nabi bishobora kuganisha ku kwaguka no hejuru ya asimmetrike, kugabanya imikorere yisesengura, imiterere yimpinga, no gukemura impinga.Inganda zamenye ko kuvanga umurongo hamwe na tee static mixer ari uburyo bwo kunoza imipaka no kwemerera abakoresha kugera kumipaka yo gutahura (sensitivities).Icyiza cya static mixer ikomatanya inyungu zo kuvanga neza, ingano ipfuye hamwe nigitutu cyumuvuduko muke hamwe nubunini buke hamwe na sisitemu nini yinjira.Mubyongeyeho, uko isesengura riba rigoye, abasesenguzi bagomba guhora bakoresha polar nyinshi kandi bigoye-kuvanga ibishishwa.Ibi bivuze kuvanga neza ni ngombwa mugupimisha ejo hazaza, kurushaho kongera ibikenerwa byo kuvanga neza no gukora.
Mott iherutse gukora urwego rushya rwatanzwe na PerfectPeakTM inline static mixer hamwe nububiko butatu bwimbere: 30 µl, 60 µl na 90 µl.Ingano ikubiyemo urutonde rwijwi no kuvanga ibiranga bikenewe kubizamini byinshi bya HPLC aho bisabwa kuvanga no gukwirakwiza bike.Moderi zose uko ari eshatu ni 0.5 ″ ya diametre kandi zitanga inganda ziyobora inganda muburyo bworoshye.Byakozwe mubyuma 316L bidafite ingese, byashizwemo nubusembure, ariko titanium nibindi birwanya ruswa kandi byangiza imiti ya chimique nayo irahari.Izi mvange zifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gukora ugera kuri 20.000 psi.Ku mutini.1a nifoto ya 60 µl Mott static mixer yagenewe gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo kuvanga mugihe ukoresheje ingano ntoya imbere kuruta kuvanga bisanzwe byubwoko.Ubu buryo bushya bwo kuvanga static bukoresha uburyo bushya bwo kongera ibikoresho byogukora kugirango habeho imiterere yihariye ya 3D ikoresha umuvuduko muke wimbere kuruta iyindi mvange ikoreshwa muri chromatografiya kugirango igere kuvanga static.Ibivangavanga bigizwe numuyoboro wa gatatu-uhuza imiyoboro itandukanye hamwe nu bice bitandukanye byambukiranya ibice hamwe nuburebure bwinzira zitandukanye nkuko amazi yambuka inzitizi zikomeye za geometrike imbere.Ku mutini.Igicapo 1b cerekana igishushanyo mbonera cya mixer nshya, ikoresha inganda zisanzwe 10-32 zometse kuri HPLC yogusunika ibyuma byinjira kandi bisohoka, kandi byatwikiriye imbibi zubururu bwicyambu cyavanze imbere.Ibice bitandukanye byambukiranya inzira yimbere yimbere hamwe nimpinduka mubyerekezo bitemba mubunini bwimbere yimbere bitera uturere twimivurungano na laminari, bigatera kuvanga kuri mikoro, meso na macro.Igishushanyo cyuruvange rudasanzwe rwakoresheje ibigereranyo bya fluid dinamike (CFD) bigereranya gusesengura imigendekere no gutunganya igishushanyo mbonera mbere yo gukora prototyping yo munzu yo gusesengura no gusuzuma umurima.Gukora inyongeramusaruro ninzira yo gucapura ibice bya 3D geometrike biturutse ku bishushanyo bya CAD bidakenewe imashini gakondo (imashini zisya, imisarani, nibindi).Ivangavanga rishya rihamye ryakozwe kugirango rikorerwe hifashishijwe ubu buryo, aho umubiri uvanga uremwa uhereye ku gishushanyo cya CAD kandi ibice bikozwe (byacapwe) ibice ukoresheje ibice byongeweho.Hano, hashyizwemo ifu yicyuma kigera kuri microni 20 z'ubugari, hanyuma laser igenzurwa na mudasobwa igahitamo gushonga no guhuza ifu muburyo bukomeye.Koresha urundi rwego hejuru yiki cyiciro hanyuma ushyire laser sintering.Subiramo iyi nzira kugeza igice kirangiye.Ifu noneho ikurwa mubice bidahujwe na laser, hasigara igice cyacapwe 3D gihuye nigishushanyo cyambere CAD.Igicuruzwa cyanyuma gisa nkicyerekezo cya microfluidic, itandukaniro nyamukuru nuko ibice bya microfluidic mubisanzwe ari ibice bibiri (biringaniye), mugihe ukoresheje inyongeramusaruro, uburyo bworoshye bwo gutemba burashobora gushirwaho muri geometrike-itatu.Iyi robine iraboneka nkibice byacapwe 3D muri 316L ibyuma bitagira umwanda na titanium.Ibyuma byinshi bivangwa, polymers hamwe nubutaka bumwebumwe burashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibice ukoresheje ubu buryo kandi bizasuzumwa mubishushanyo mbonera / ibicuruzwa.
Umuceri.1. Ifoto (a) nigishushanyo (b) cya 90 μl Mott static mixer yerekana ibice byambukiranya inzira ya mixer fluid flux inzira igicucu cyubururu.
Koresha ibara rya comptabilite fluid (CFD) bigereranya imikorere ya mixer ya static mugihe cyicyiciro cyo gushushanya kugirango ufashe guteza imbere ibishushanyo mbonera no kugabanya igihe kandi bigatwara ikigeragezo-nikosa.Kwigana CFD kuvanga static hamwe no kuvoma bisanzwe (nta-kuvanga kwigana) ukoresheje porogaramu ya software ya COMSOL Multiphysics.Icyitegererezo ukoresheje umuvuduko ukoreshwa na laminar fluid yamashanyarazi kugirango wumve umuvuduko wamazi nigitutu mubice.Izi mbaraga zamazi, zifatanije nogutwara imiti yibintu bigendanwa, bifasha kumva kuvanga ibintu bibiri bitandukanye byibanze.Icyitegererezo cyizwe nkigikorwa cyigihe, kingana namasegonda 10, kugirango byoroshye kubara mugihe ushakisha ibisubizo byagereranywa.Ibyerekeranye namakuru yabonetse mubushakashatsi bujyanye nigihe ukoresheje igikoresho cya probe projection igikoresho, aho ingingo yo hagati yo gusohoka yatoranijwe kugirango ikusanyirizwe hamwe.Icyitegererezo cya CFD hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakoreshejwe bwakoresheje ibishishwa bibiri bitandukanye binyuze muburyo bwa sampling valve na sisitemu yo kuvoma, bikavamo icyuma gisimbuza buri cyuma mumurongo wicyitegererezo.Ibi bishishwa noneho bivangwa mukuvanga static.Igishushanyo cya 2 nicya 3 byerekana ibigereranyo bitemba binyuze mumiyoboro isanzwe (nta kuvanga) no kunyuza Mott static mixer.Igereranya ryakorewe ku muyoboro ugororotse wa cm 5 z'uburebure na 0,25 mm ID kugira ngo werekane igitekerezo cyo guhinduranya amazi n'amazi meza ya acetonitrile mu muyoboro udahari uvangavanga static, nk'uko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2. Ikigereranyo cyakoresheje ibipimo nyabyo by'igituba na mixer hamwe n'umuvuduko wa 0 .3 ml / min.
Umuceri.2. Kwigana gutemba kwa CFD mumurongo wa cm 5 hamwe na diametre y'imbere ya mm 0,25 kugirango ugaragaze ibibera mumiyoboro ya HPLC, ni ukuvuga mugihe hatabayeho kuvanga.Umutuku wuzuye ugereranya igice kinini cyamazi.Ubururu bugereranya kubura amazi, ni ukuvuga acetonitrile nziza.Uturere twa Diffusion turashobora kugaragara hagati yo guhinduranya amacomeka abiri atandukanye.
Umuceri.3. Ivangavanga rihamye hamwe nubunini bwa ml 30, ryerekanwe muri software ya COMSOL CFD.Umugani ugereranya igice kinini cyamazi muruvange.Amazi meza yerekanwa muri acetonitrile itukura kandi yera mubururu.Guhinduka mubice byinshi byamazi yigana bigaragazwa nimpinduka yibara ryivanga ryamazi abiri.
Ku mutini.4 herekana kwemeza ubushakashatsi bwerekana isano iri hagati yo kuvanga imikorere no kuvanga amajwi.Nkuko kuvanga amajwi byiyongera, kuvanga neza biziyongera.Kubumenyi bwabanditsi, izindi mbaraga zumubiri zikora imbere zivanga ntizishobora kubarwa murubu buryo bwa CFD, bikavamo kuvanga neza mubizamini byubushakashatsi.Ubushakashatsi bwo kuvanga ubushakashatsi bwapimwe nkigabanuka ryijanisha muri sinusoide.Mubyongeyeho, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko winyuma mubisanzwe bivamo urwego rwo hejuru rwo kuvanga, bititaweho mukwigana.
Ibikurikira bya HPLC hamwe nibizamini byakoreshejwe mugupima sine mbisi kugirango ugereranye imikorere igereranya ivangavanga itandukanye.Igishushanyo mu gishushanyo cya 5 cyerekana imiterere isanzwe ya HPLC / UHPLC.Ivangavanga rihagaze ryageragejwe mugushyira mixer nyuma ya pompe na mbere yo gutera inshinge no gutandukana.Ibipimo byinshi bya sinusoidal bipima bikozwe mukuzenguruka inshinge na capillary inkingi hagati ya mix mixer na UV detector.Mugihe cyo gusuzuma ibimenyetso-by-urusaku no / cyangwa gusesengura imiterere yimpinga, sisitemu ya sisitemu irerekanwa mumashusho 5.
Igicapo 4. Ikibanza cyo kuvanga imikorere hamwe no kuvanga ingano yurwego ruvanze ruhagaze.Umwanda wa theoretical ukurikiza inzira imwe namakuru yubushakashatsi bwanduye yemeza agaciro ka CFD.
Sisitemu ya HPLC yakoreshejwe muri iki kizamini yari Agilent 1100 Series HPLC hamwe na deteter ya UV igenzurwa na PC ikoresha software ya Chemstation.Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana uburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza ibipimo byo gupima imikorere ikurikirana sinusoide yibanze mubushakashatsi bubiri.Ibizamini byubushakashatsi byakorewe ku ngero ebyiri zitandukanye zumuti.Imashanyarazi yombi ivanze mugihe 1 yari solvent A (20 mM ametiyumu acetate mumazi ya deioni) hamwe na B (80% acetonitrile (ACN) / 20% byamazi ya deioni).Mu rubanza rwa 2, solvent A yari igisubizo cya 0,05% acetone (label) mumazi yimana.Solvent B ni uruvange rwa 80/20% methanol namazi.Mugihe cya 1, pompe yashyizwe kumuvuduko wa 0,25 ml / min kugeza kuri 1.0 ml / min, naho mugihe 2, pompe yashyizwe kumuvuduko uhoraho wa 1 ml / min.Muri ubwo buryo bwombi, ikigereranyo cy’uruvange rw’umuti A na B cyari 20% A / 80% B. Detector yashyizwe kuri nm 220 mu rubanza rwa 1, kandi kwinjiza cyane kwa acetone mu gihe 2 byashyizwe ku burebure bwa 265 nm.
Imbonerahamwe 1. HPLC IHIGS RY'IBIKORWA 1 N'INGINGO 1 URUBANZA 2 PUM / Min kugeza kuri 1.0% Amazi Yigitsina B detector 220 nm 265 nm
Umuceri.6. Ibibanza bivanze bya sine byapimwe mbere na nyuma yo gushiramo akayunguruzo gato kugirango ukureho ibice byibanze byikimenyetso.
Igishushanyo cya 6 ni urugero rusanzwe rw urusaku rwibanze ruvanze murubanza 1, rwerekanwe nkuburyo bwa sinusoidal busubiramo hejuru ya drift.Ibice byibanze ni kwiyongera buhoro cyangwa kugabanuka mubimenyetso byinyuma.Niba sisitemu itemerewe kuringaniza igihe gihagije, mubisanzwe izagwa, ariko izagenda nabi nubwo sisitemu ihagaze neza.Uku gutembera kwibanze gukunda kwiyongera mugihe sisitemu ikora murwego rwohejuru cyangwa umuvuduko mwinshi winyuma.Iyo iyi drift y'ibanze ihari, birashobora kugorana kugereranya ibisubizo bivuye kurugero nicyitegererezo, bishobora kuneshwa mugukoresha akayunguruzo gato-kayunguruzo kumibare fatizo kugirango ushungure ibyo bitandukanya-bito, bityo bigatanga umugambi wo kunyeganyega hamwe na base base.Ku mutini.Igicapo 6 kirerekana kandi ikibanza c'urusaku rwibanze rwa mixer nyuma yo gushiramo akayunguruzo gato.
Nyuma yo kurangiza kwigana CFD no kugerageza kwambere kugerageza, kuvanga ibintu bitatu bitandukanye bya static byavanze nyuma hifashishijwe ibice byimbere byasobanuwe haruguru hamwe nubunini bwimbere: 30 µl, 60 µl na 90 µl.Uru rutonde rurimo urwego rwimibumbe no kuvanga imikorere isabwa kuri analyte nkeya ya HPLC aho kunoza kuvanga no gukwirakwiza bike bisabwa kugirango habeho amplitude yo hasi.Ku mutini.7 yerekana ibipimo fatizo bya sine wabonye kuri sisitemu yikizamini cyurugero 1 (acetonitrile na ammonium acetate nka tracers) hamwe nububumbe butatu bwimvange ya static kandi nta mixer yashizwemo.Ibizamini byubushakashatsi kubisubizo byerekanwe ku gishushanyo 7 byakozwe buri gihe mu bizamini 4 byose ukurikije uburyo bwerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 1 ku gipimo cya 0.5 ml / min.Koresha agaciro ka offset kuri datasets kugirango zishobore kwerekanwa kuruhande nta kimenyetso gifatanye.Offset ntabwo ihindura amplitude yikimenyetso gikoreshwa mugucira urwego urwego rwimvange.Impuzandengo ya sinusoidal amplitude idafite mixer yari 0.221 mAi, mugihe amplitude yimvange ya Mott ivanze kuri 30 µl, 60 µl, na 90 µl yagabanutse kuri 0.077, 0.017, na 0.004 mAi.
Igicapo 7. HPLC UV Detector Signal Offset vs Igihe cyurubanza 1 (acetonitrile hamwe na ametiyumu acetate ya ammonium) yerekana kuvanga ibishishwa bitavanze, 30 µl, 60 µl na 90 µl Mott ivanga ryerekana kuvanga neza (amplitude yo hasi yerekana ibimenyetso) uko ingano yimvange ihagaze yiyongera.(amakuru nyayo yatanzwe: 0.13 (nta kuvanga), 0.32, 0.4, 0.45mA kugirango yerekanwe neza).
Amakuru yerekanwe mugitabo.8 ni kimwe no ku gishushanyo cya 7, ariko kuriyi nshuro bashizemo ibisubizo byibintu bitatu bikunze gukoreshwa HPLC static mixer hamwe nubunini bwimbere bwa 50 µl, 150 µl na 250 µl.Umuceri.Igishushanyo cya 8Kugabanuka kwijanisha ryibanze rya sine ibarwa kubigereranyo bya amplitude yumuvuduko wa sine na amplitude nta mixer yashizwemo.Ibipimo bya sine byapimwe byijanisha ku manza ya 1 na 2 byashyizwe ku mbonerahamwe ya 2, hamwe nubunini bwimbere bwimvange nshya ya static hamwe na karindwi isanzwe ivangwa ikoreshwa muruganda.Imibare iri ku gishushanyo cya 8 n'icya 9, kimwe n'imibare yatanzwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 2, yerekana ko Mott Static Mixer ishobora gutanga kugeza kuri 98.1% ya sine wave attenensique, ikaba irenze kure imikorere ya mixer isanzwe ya HPLC muri ibi bihe by'ibizamini.Igicapo 9. HPLC UV detector signal offset hamwe nigihe cyateganijwe kubibazo 2 (methanol na acetone nka tracers) byerekana ko nta mix mixer (ihuriweho), urukurikirane rushya rwa Mott static ivanga hamwe na mixer ebyiri zisanzwe (offsets yukuri ni 0, 11 (idafite mixer.), 0.22, 0.3, 0.35 mA no kwerekana neza).Isuzuma ririndwi rikoreshwa cyane mu nganda naryo ryarasuzumwe.Harimo kuvanga hamwe nubunini butatu bwimbere muri sosiyete A (yagenewe kuvanga A1, A2 na A3) hamwe nisosiyete B (yagenewe kuvanga B1, B2 na B3).Isosiyete C yatanze igipimo kimwe gusa.
Imbonerahamwe. 73.7% 50 Kuvanga A2 89.8% 91,6% 150 Kuvanga A3 92.2% 94.5% 250 Kuvanga B1 44.8% 45.7% 9 35 Kuvanga B2 845.% 96.2% 370 Kuvanga C 97.2% 97.4% 250
Isesengura ryibisubizo mu gishushanyo cya 8 nimbonerahamwe ya 2 byerekana ko 30 µl Mott static mixer ifite uburyo bwo kuvanga neza nka A1 ivanga, ni ukuvuga 50 µl, nyamara, 30 µl Mott ifite 30% munsi yubunini bwimbere.Iyo ugereranije 60 µl Mott ivanga na 150 µl yimbere yimbere ya A2 ivanze, habayeho iterambere rito mukuvanga imikorere ya 92% na 89%, ariko cyane cyane, uru rwego rwo hejuru rwo kuvanga rwagezweho kuri 1/3 cyubunini bwa mixer.imvange isa na A2.Imikorere ya 90 µl Mott mixer yakurikiranye icyerekezo kimwe na A3 ivanga nubunini bwimbere bwa 250 µl.Gutezimbere kuvanga imikorere ya 98% na 92% nabyo byagaragaye hamwe no kugabanuka inshuro 3 mububiko bwimbere.Ibisubizo bisa nibigereranirizo byabonetse kubivanga B na C. Nkigisubizo, urukurikirane rushya rwimvange ya static Mott PerfectPeakTM itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kuvanga neza kuruta kuvanga abanywanyi bahanganye, ariko hamwe nijwi ryimbere ryimbere, ritanga urusaku rwiza rwimbere hamwe nikigereranyo cyiza-cyerekana urusaku, sensitivite nziza Analyte, imiterere yimpinga no gukemura impinga.Ibintu nkibi byo kuvanga imikorere byagaragaye mubushakashatsi bwa Case 1 na Case 2.Kubireba Urubanza rwa 2, ibizamini byakozwe hakoreshejwe (methanol na acetone nkibipimo) kugirango ugereranye kuvanga imikorere ya ml 60 Mott, imvange igereranywa A1 (ingano yimbere 50 µl) hamwe na mixer igereranya B1 (ubunini bwimbere 35 µl)., imikorere yari mibi idafite mixer yashizwemo, ariko yakoreshejwe mubisesengura ryibanze.Imvange ya ml 60 ya Mott yerekanye ko ivanze neza mumatsinda yikizamini, itanga 90% yo kuvanga neza.Igereranya rya mixer A1 ryabonye iterambere rya 75% muburyo bwo kuvanga imikorere ikurikirwa na 45% gutera imbere muri mixer ya B1 igereranijwe.Ikizamini cyibanze cyo kugabanya umuvuduko wa sine hamwe nigipimo cyurugendo rwakozwe kumurongo wuruvange mubihe bimwe nikizamini cya sine curve mu rubanza 1, gusa umuvuduko woguhinduka.Amakuru yerekanaga ko mubipimo by umuvuduko uva kuri 0,25 kugeza kuri ml 1 / min, kugabanuka kwambere kwumuyaga wa sine kwagumye guhoraho kubice bitatu byose bivanga.Kubintu bibiri bito bivangavanze, habaho kwiyongera gake kugabanuka kwa sinusoidal uko umuvuduko wogabanuka ugabanuka, bikaba byitezwe kuberako igihe cyo gutura cyumuti wivanze muri mixer, bigatuma habaho kuvanga gukwirakwiza.Gukuramo umurongo wa sine byitezwe ko byiyongera uko imigezi igabanuka kurushaho.Nyamara, kubunini bunini bwo kuvanga hamwe na sine yo hejuru ya sine yo hejuru, kwiyerekana kwa sine kwagumye ntiguhindutse (murwego rwo gushidikanya gushidikanya), hamwe nagaciro kuva kuri 95% kugeza 98%.Umuceri.10. Kwiyongera kwibanze kwa sine hamwe nigipimo cyurugendo mugihe 1. Ikizamini cyakozwe mubihe bisa nikizamini cya sine gifite umuvuduko uhindagurika, utera 80% bya 80/20 bivanze na acetonitrile namazi na 20% bya 20 mM ametiyumu acetate.
Urutonde rushya rwatunganijwe rwuzuye PerfectPeakTM inline static mixer hamwe nububiko butatu bwimbere: 30 µl, 60 µl na 90 µl bikubiyemo amajwi no kuvanga imikorere ikenewe kubisesengura byinshi bya HPLC bisaba kunoza kuvanga no hasi hasi.Imvange nshya ya static ivamo ibigeraho ikoresheje tekinoroji nshya yo gucapa 3D kugirango ikore imiterere yihariye ya 3D itanga hydrodynamic static ivanze hamwe no kugabanuka kwijanisha ryinshi ryurusaku rwibanze kuri buri gice cyimvange yimbere.Gukoresha 1/3 cyimbere yimbere yimvange isanzwe bigabanya urusaku rwibanze kuri 98%.Ibivangavanga bigizwe numuyoboro wa gatatu-uhuza imiyoboro itandukanye hamwe nu bice bitandukanye byambukiranya ibice hamwe nuburebure bwinzira zitandukanye nkuko amazi yambuka inzitizi zikomeye za geometrike imbere.Umuryango mushya wivanga rihamye utanga imikorere myiza kurenza kuvanga amarushanwa, ariko hamwe nubunini bwimbere, bigatuma habaho igereranyo cyiza-cy-urusaku n’imipaka ntarengwa, kimwe n’imiterere yimisozi, imikorere no gukemura neza.
Muri iki kibazo Chromatografiya - Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije RP-HPLC - Gukoresha intoki-shell chromatografiya kugirango usimbuze acetonitrile na isopropanol mu gusesengura no kweza - Gromatografi nshya ya…
Ubucuruzi Centre International Labmate Limited Oak Court Sandridge Park, Porters Wood St Albans Hertfordshire AL3 6PH Ubwongereza