An ƙirƙiri wani sabon injin haɗakar inline mai juyi wanda aka ƙera musamman don biyan buƙatun tsauraran matakan ruwa mai aiki (HPLC) da tsarin chromatography na ruwa mai aiki sosai (HPLC da UHPLC). Rashin haɗa matakai biyu ko fiye na motsi na iya haifar da mafi girman rabon sigina zuwa hayaniya, wanda ke rage jin zafi. Haɗakar ruwa mai tsari iri ɗaya na ruwa biyu ko fiye tare da ƙaramin girma na ciki da girman jiki na injin haɗakar tsaye yana wakiltar mafi girman ma'aunin injin haɗakar tsaye mai kyau. Sabon injin haɗakar tsaye yana cimma wannan ta hanyar amfani da sabuwar fasahar buga 3D don ƙirƙirar tsarin 3D na musamman wanda ke samar da ingantaccen haɗakar tsaye mai aiki tare da mafi girman raguwar kashi a cikin raƙuman sine na tushe a kowace naúrar girman ciki na haɗin. Amfani da 1/3 na girman ciki na injin haɗakar gargajiya yana rage raƙuman sine na asali da 98%. Injin haɗakar ya ƙunshi tashoshin kwarara na 3D masu haɗin kai tare da yankuna daban-daban na giciye da tsawon hanya yayin da ruwan ke ratsa geometry masu rikitarwa na 3D. Haɗawa tare da hanyoyin kwarara masu juyi da yawa, tare da hayaniyar gida da eddies, yana haifar da haɗuwa a sikelin micro, meso da macro. An tsara wannan mahaɗin na musamman ta amfani da kwaikwayon yanayin ruwa na kwamfuta (CFD). Bayanan gwajin da aka gabatar sun nuna cewa ana samun kyakkyawan haɗuwa da ƙaramin adadin ciki.
Fiye da shekaru 30, ana amfani da sinadarin chromatography na ruwa a masana'antu da yawa, ciki har da magunguna, magungunan kashe kwari, kariyar muhalli, binciken kimiyya, da kuma nazarin sinadarai. Ikon aunawa zuwa sassa a kowace miliyan ko ƙasa da haka yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban fasaha a kowace masana'antu. Rashin ingancin haɗakarwa yana haifar da ƙarancin rabon sigina zuwa hayaniya, wanda hakan abin haushi ne ga al'ummar chromatography dangane da iyakokin ganowa da kuma jin daɗinsu. Lokacin haɗa sinadarin HPLC guda biyu, wani lokacin yana da mahimmanci a tilasta haɗawa ta hanyar waje don daidaita sinadaran biyu saboda wasu sinadarai ba sa haɗuwa sosai. Idan sinadaran ba su haɗu sosai ba, lalacewar chromatography na HPLC na iya faruwa, yana bayyana kansa a matsayin hayaniya mai yawa da/ko rashin kyawun siffar kololuwa. Tare da rashin haɗakarwa, hayaniya ta asali za ta bayyana a matsayin raƙuman sine (hawa da faɗuwa) na siginar ganowa akan lokaci. A lokaci guda, rashin haɗuwa mara kyau na iya haifar da faɗaɗawa da kololuwa marasa daidaituwa, rage aikin nazari, siffar kololuwa, da ƙudurin kololuwa. Masana'antar ta fahimci cewa masu haɗa layi da tee static hanya ce ta inganta waɗannan iyakoki da kuma ba masu amfani damar cimma ƙananan iyakokin ganowa (jijiyoyin hankali). Tsarin haɗakar da ta dace ya haɗa fa'idodin ingantaccen haɗakarwa, ƙarancin ƙarancin girma da raguwar matsin lamba tare da ƙaramin girma da matsakaicin ƙarfin tsarin. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da bincike ya zama mai rikitarwa, masu sharhi dole ne su yi amfani da ƙarin sinadarai masu ƙarfi da wahalar haɗawa akai-akai. Wannan yana nufin cewa haɗakarwa ta zama dole don gwaji na gaba, wanda ke ƙara buƙatar ƙira da aiki mai kyau na mahaɗin.
Kwanan nan Mott ya ƙirƙiro sabon nau'in mahaɗan inline masu rikidewa na PerfectPeakTM waɗanda ke da girma uku na ciki: 30 µl, 60 µl da 90 µl. Waɗannan girma suna rufe kewayon girma da halayen haɗuwa da ake buƙata don yawancin gwaje-gwajen HPLC inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen haɗuwa da ƙarancin watsawa. Duk samfuran uku suna da diamita na inci 0.5 kuma suna ba da babban aiki a masana'antu a cikin ƙaramin ƙira. An yi su da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi 316L, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don rashin ƙarfi, amma titanium da sauran ƙarfe masu jure tsatsa da sinadarai suma suna samuwa. Waɗannan mahaɗan suna da matsakaicin matsin lamba na aiki har zuwa 20,000 psi. A kan siffa ta 1a akwai hoton mahaɗan Mott mai ƙarfi 60 µl wanda aka tsara don samar da ingantaccen haɗuwa yayin amfani da ƙaramin girma na ciki fiye da mahaɗan yau da kullun na wannan nau'in. Wannan sabon ƙirar mahaɗan mai ƙarfi yana amfani da sabuwar fasahar kera ƙari don ƙirƙirar tsarin 3D na musamman wanda ke amfani da ƙarancin kwararar ciki fiye da kowane mahaɗan da ake amfani da shi a masana'antar chromatography don cimma haɗakar tsaye. Irin waɗannan mahaɗan sun ƙunshi hanyoyin kwarara masu girma uku masu haɗin kai tare da yankuna daban-daban na giciye da kuma tsayin hanya daban-daban yayin da ruwa ke ratsa shingen geometric masu rikitarwa a ciki. A kan hoto na 1b yana nuna zane mai tsari na sabon mahaɗan, wanda ke amfani da kayan haɗin HPLC mai zare 10-32 na masana'antu don shiga da fita, kuma yana da iyakokin shuɗi mai inuwa na tashar mahaɗan ciki mai lasisi. Yankunan giciye daban-daban na hanyoyin kwarara na ciki da canje-canje a cikin alkiblar kwarara a cikin girman kwararar ciki suna haifar da yankuna na kwararar hayaniya da laminar, suna haifar da haɗuwa a sikelin micro, meso da macro. Tsarin wannan mahaɗan na musamman ya yi amfani da kwaikwayon yanayin ruwa na lissafi (CFD) don nazarin tsarin kwarara da inganta ƙirar kafin a yi samfurin gwaji na cikin gida da kimanta filin abokin ciniki. Kera ƙari shine tsarin buga abubuwan geometric na 3D kai tsaye daga zane-zanen CAD ba tare da buƙatar injinan gargajiya ba (injin niƙa, lathes, da sauransu). An tsara waɗannan sabbin mahaɗan masu tsayayye don a ƙera su ta amfani da wannan tsari, inda aka ƙirƙiri jikin mahaɗan daga zane-zanen CAD kuma an ƙera sassan (buga) ta hanyar layi ta amfani da masana'antar ƙari. A nan, ana ajiye wani Layer na foda na ƙarfe mai kauri kusan microns 20, kuma laser mai sarrafa kwamfuta zai narke sannan ya haɗa foda ɗin zuwa wani siffa mai ƙarfi. A shafa wani Layer a saman wannan Layer sannan a shafa laser sintering. A maimaita wannan tsari har sai ɓangaren ya ƙare gaba ɗaya. Sannan a cire foda daga ɓangaren da ba laser ba, a bar wani ɓangare da aka buga a 3D wanda ya dace da zanen CAD na asali. Samfurin ƙarshe yana kama da tsarin microfluidic, babban bambanci shine cewa abubuwan microfluidic yawanci suna da girma biyu (lebur), yayin da ake amfani da ƙera ƙari, ana iya ƙirƙirar tsare-tsaren kwarara masu rikitarwa a cikin yanayin girma uku. Waɗannan famfo a halin yanzu suna samuwa azaman sassan da aka buga a 3D a cikin bakin ƙarfe 316L da titanium. Yawancin ƙarfe, polymers da wasu yumbu ana iya amfani da su don yin abubuwan da aka haɗa ta amfani da wannan hanyar kuma za a yi la'akari da su a cikin ƙira/samfura na gaba.
Shinkafa. 1. Hoto (a) da zane (b) na injin haɗa na'urar haɗa na'urar 90 μl Mott mai motsi wanda ke nuna wani sashe na hanyar kwararar ruwan mahaɗin da aka yi wa launni shuɗi.
Gudanar da kwaikwayon yanayin ruwa na lissafi (CFD) na aikin mahaɗin da ke tsaye a lokacin ƙira don taimakawa wajen haɓaka ƙira masu inganci da rage gwaje-gwajen gwaji da kuskure masu ɗaukar lokaci da tsada. Kwaikwayon CFD na mahaɗin da ke tsaye da bututun da aka saba amfani da su (kwaikwayon babu mahaɗi) ta amfani da fakitin software na COMSOL Multiphysics. Yin ƙira ta amfani da makanikan ruwa na laminar mai matsin lamba don fahimtar saurin ruwa da matsin lamba a cikin wani ɓangare. Wannan yanayin ruwa, tare da jigilar sinadarai na mahaɗin lokaci na hannu, yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar haɗakar ruwa guda biyu daban-daban. Ana nazarin samfurin a matsayin aikin lokaci, daidai da daƙiƙa 10, don sauƙin lissafi yayin neman mafita iri ɗaya. An samo bayanan ka'idoji a cikin wani bincike mai alaƙa da lokaci ta amfani da kayan aikin hasashen bincike, inda aka zaɓi wani wuri a tsakiyar fita don tattara bayanai. Samfurin CFD da gwaje-gwajen gwaji sun yi amfani da mayukan da ke tsaye guda biyu ta hanyar bawul ɗin samfurin da tsarin famfo, wanda ya haifar da makulli na maye gurbin kowane mai narkewa a cikin layin samfurin. Sannan ana haɗa waɗannan mayukan da ke tsaye a cikin mahaɗin da ke tsaye. Sifofi na 2 da 3 suna nuna kwaikwayon kwarara ta hanyar bututun da aka saba amfani da shi (babu mahaɗi) da kuma ta hanyar mahaɗin Mott mai tsauri, bi da bi. An gudanar da kwaikwayon a kan bututun da aka miƙe tsawon cm 5 da kuma 0.25 mm ID don nuna manufar canza matosai na ruwa da acetonitrile mai tsabta zuwa cikin bututun ba tare da mahaɗin da ke tsaye ba, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 2. Kwaikwayon ya yi amfani da ainihin girman bututun da mahaɗin da kuma ƙimar kwarara ta 0 .3 ml/min.
Shinkafa. 2. Kwaikwayon kwararar CFD a cikin bututu mai tsawon santimita 5 tare da diamita na ciki na 0.25 mm don wakiltar abin da ke faruwa a cikin bututun HPLC, watau idan babu mahaɗi. Cikakken ja yana wakiltar rabon taro na ruwa. Shuɗi yana wakiltar rashin ruwa, watau acetonitrile tsantsa. Ana iya ganin yankunan yaɗuwa tsakanin matosai na ruwaye daban-daban guda biyu.
Shinkafa. 3. Injin haɗa ruwa mai tsayayye mai girman 30 ml, wanda aka yi masa siffa a cikin fakitin software na COMSOL CFD. Labarin yana wakiltar kashi na ruwa a cikin injin haɗa ruwa. Ana nuna ruwa mai tsabta a ja da acetonitrile mai tsarki a cikin shuɗi. Canjin kashi na ruwa mai kwaikwayon yana wakilta ta hanyar canji a cikin launin haɗa ruwa biyu.
A hoto na 4 ya nuna nazarin tabbatarwa game da tsarin alaƙa tsakanin ingancin haɗuwa da yawan haɗuwa. Yayin da yawan haɗuwa ke ƙaruwa, ingancin haɗuwa zai ƙaru. A sanin marubutan, ba za a iya lissafa sauran ƙarfin jiki masu rikitarwa da ke aiki a cikin mahaɗin a cikin wannan samfurin CFD ba, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen haɗuwa a gwaje-gwajen gwaji. An auna ingancin haɗuwar gwaji a matsayin raguwar kashi a cikin sinusoid na tushe. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaruwar matsin lamba na baya yawanci yana haifar da ƙarin matakan haɗuwa, waɗanda ba a la'akari da su a cikin kwaikwayon ba.
An yi amfani da waɗannan yanayin HPLC da saitin gwaji don auna raƙuman sine masu rai don kwatanta aikin haɗin ma'auni daban-daban masu tsayayye. Zane a cikin Hoto na 5 yana nuna tsarin tsarin HPLC/UHPLC na yau da kullun. An gwada mahaɗin tsaye ta hanyar sanya mahaɗin kai tsaye bayan famfo da kuma kafin ginshiƙin allura da rabuwa. Yawancin ma'aunin sinusoidal na baya ana yin su ne ta hanyar wucewa da ginshiƙin allura da capillary tsakanin mahaɗin tsaye da na'urar gano UV. Lokacin kimanta rabon sigina zuwa hayaniya da/ko nazarin siffar kololuwa, an nuna tsarin tsarin a Hoto na 5.
Siffa ta 4. Tsarin ingancin haɗawa da yawan haɗawa ga nau'ikan mahaɗan da ba sa canzawa. Rashin tsarkin ka'idar yana bin irin wannan yanayin kamar bayanan ƙazanta na gwaji da ke tabbatar da ingancin kwaikwayon CFD.
Tsarin HPLC da aka yi amfani da shi don wannan gwajin shine Agilent 1100 Series HPLC tare da na'urar gano UV wacce PC ke sarrafa ta da software na Chemstation. Tebur na 1 yana nuna yanayin daidaitawa na yau da kullun don auna ingancin mahaɗin ta hanyar sa ido kan ainihin sinusoids a cikin nazarin shari'o'i biyu. An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen gwaji akan misalai biyu daban-daban na masu narkewa. Masu narkewa guda biyu da aka haɗa a cikin akwati na 1 sune mai narkewa A (20 mM ammonium acetate a cikin ruwan da aka tace) da mai narkewa B (80% acetonitrile (ACN)/20% ruwan da aka tace). A akwati na 2, mai narkewa A shine maganin acetone 0.05% (lakabi) a cikin ruwan da aka tace. Mai narkewa B cakuda ne na methanol 80/20% da ruwa. A akwati na 1, an saita famfon zuwa ƙimar kwarara na 0.25 ml/min zuwa 1.0 ml/min, kuma a akwati na 2, an saita famfon zuwa ƙimar kwarara na yau da kullun na 1 ml/min. A duka yanayi biyu, rabon cakuda abubuwan narkewar A da B shine 20% A/80% B. An saita na'urar ganowa zuwa 220 nm a yanayin 1, kuma an saita matsakaicin sha na acetone a yanayin 2 zuwa tsawon tsayin 265 nm.
Tebur 1. Tsarin HPLC don Lambobi 1 da 2 Lambobi 1 Lambobi 2 Saurin famfo 0.25 ml/min zuwa 1.0 ml/min 1.0 ml/min Maganin narkewa A 20 mM ammonium acetate a cikin ruwan narkewa 0.05% Acetone a cikin ruwan narkewa 0.05% Maganin narkewa B 80% Acetonitrile (ACN) / 20% ruwan narkewa 80% methanol / 20% ruwan narkewa 20% Rabo mai narkewa 20% A / 80% B 20% A / 80% Mai gano B 220 nm 265 nm
Shinkafa. 6. An auna ginshiƙan raƙuman sine masu gauraye kafin da kuma bayan an yi amfani da matattara mai ƙarancin wucewa don cire abubuwan da ke haifar da girgizar ƙasa na siginar.
Hoto na 6 misali ne na hayaniyar tushe mai gauraye a cikin Mataki na 1, wanda aka nuna a matsayin tsarin sinusoidal mai maimaitawa wanda aka ɗora akan karkatarwar tushe. Gudun tushe shine ƙaruwa ko raguwa a hankali a siginar bango. Idan ba a bar tsarin ya daidaita na dogon lokaci ba, yawanci zai faɗi, amma zai yi yawo ba tare da tsari ba koda lokacin da tsarin ya tabbata gaba ɗaya. Wannan juyawar tushe yana ƙaruwa lokacin da tsarin ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai tsayi ko matsin lamba mai yawa. Lokacin da wannan juyawar tushe yake, yana iya zama da wahala a kwatanta sakamako daga samfurin zuwa samfurin, wanda za a iya shawo kansa ta hanyar amfani da matattarar ƙasa-ƙasa zuwa bayanan da ba a sarrafa ba don tace waɗannan bambance-bambancen ƙananan mitoci, don haka samar da taswirar juyawa tare da tushe mai faɗi. A hoto na 6 kuma yana nuna taswirar hayaniyar tushe ta mahaɗin bayan amfani da matattarar ƙasa-ƙasa.
Bayan kammala kwaikwayon CFD da gwajin gwaji na farko, an ƙirƙiri mahaɗan guda uku daban-daban masu tsayayye ta amfani da abubuwan ciki da aka bayyana a sama tare da girma uku na ciki: 30 µl, 60 µl da 90 µl. Wannan kewayon ya ƙunshi kewayon girma da aikin haɗuwa da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen HPLC mai ƙarancin nazari inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen haɗuwa da ƙarancin watsawa don samar da ƙananan tushe na girma. A kan hoto na 7 yana nuna ma'aunin raƙuman sine na asali da aka samu akan tsarin gwaji na Misali na 1 (acetonitrile da ammonium acetate a matsayin masu bin diddigi) tare da girma uku na mahaɗan tsaye kuma babu mahaɗan da aka sanya. Yanayin gwajin gwaji don sakamakon da aka nuna a Hoto na 7 an riƙe su akai-akai a cikin dukkan gwaje-gwaje 4 bisa ga hanyar da aka bayyana a cikin Tebur 1 a ƙimar kwararar narkewa na 0.5 ml/min. Sanya ƙimar daidaitawa ga bayanan don a iya nuna su gefe da gefe ba tare da haɗuwa da sigina ba. Daidaitawa ba ya shafar girman siginar da aka yi amfani da ita don yin hukunci akan matakin aikin mahaɗan. Matsakaicin girman sinusoidal ba tare da mahaɗin ba shine 0.221 mAi, yayin da girman mahaɗin Mott mai tsauri a 30 µl, 60 µl, da 90 µl ya ragu zuwa 0.077, 0.017, da 0.004 mAi, bi da bi.
Hoto na 7. Daidaita Siginar Mai Gano Hasken UV na HPLC idan aka kwatanta da Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a Shari'a ta 1 (acetonitrile tare da alamar ammonium acetate) yana nuna haɗakar mai narkewa ba tare da mahaɗi ba, mahaɗin Mott 30 µl, 60 µl da 90 µl suna nuna ingantaccen haɗuwa (ƙarancin girman sigina) yayin da ƙarar mahaɗin da ke tsaye ke ƙaruwa. (ainihin adadin bayanai: 0.13 (babu mahaɗi), 0.32, 0.4, 0.45mA don ingantaccen nuni).
Bayanan da aka nuna a cikin hoto na 8 iri ɗaya ne da na Hoto na 7, amma a wannan karon sun haɗa da sakamakon mahaɗan HPLC guda uku da aka saba amfani da su waɗanda ke da girman ciki na 50 µl, 150 µl da 250 µl. Shinkafa. Hoto na 8. Rage Siginar HPLC UV Detector idan aka kwatanta da Tsarin Lokaci don Case 1 (Acetonitrile da Ammonium Acetate a matsayin alamomi) waɗanda ke nuna haɗakar mai narkewa ba tare da mahaɗan tsaye ba, sabon jerin mahaɗan tsaye na Mott, da mahaɗan gargajiya guda uku (ainihin adadin bayanai shine 0.1 (ba tare da mahaɗan ba), 0.32, 0.48, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 mA bi da bi don ingantaccen tasirin nuni). Ana ƙididdige raguwar kashi na raƙuman tushe ta hanyar rabon girman raƙuman sine zuwa girman ba tare da an sanya mahaɗan ba. An jera kaso na rage karfin sine wave na Cases 1 da 2 a cikin Jadawali na 2, tare da girman ciki na sabon mahaɗin da ke tsaye da kuma mahaɗin da aka saba amfani da su a masana'antar guda bakwai. Bayanan da ke cikin Figures 8 da 9, da kuma lissafin da aka gabatar a Jadawali na 2, sun nuna cewa Mott Static Mixer na iya samar da rage karfin sine wave har zuwa 98.1%, wanda ya zarce aikin mahaɗin HPLC na gargajiya a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayin gwaji. Hoto na 9. Daidaita siginar HPLC UV idan aka kwatanta da lokacin da aka tsara don akwati na 2 (methanol da acetone a matsayin masu bin diddigi) wanda ba ya nuna babu mahaɗin da ke tsaye (wanda aka haɗa), sabon jerin mahaɗin Mott static da mahaɗin gargajiya guda biyu (ainihin adadin bayanai shine 0, 11 (ba tare da mahaɗin ba), 0.22, 0.3, 0.35 mA kuma don ingantaccen nuni). An kuma tantance mahaɗin da aka saba amfani da su guda bakwai a masana'antar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da na'urorin haɗa sinadarai masu girma uku daban-daban na ciki daga kamfanin A (wanda aka keɓe ga Mixer A1, A2 da A3) da kuma kamfanin B (wanda aka keɓe ga Mixer B1, B2 da B3). Kamfanin C ya ƙididdige girma ɗaya kawai.
Tebur 2. Halayen Juyawar Mai Haɗawa Mai Tsayi da Girman Ciki Mai Haɗawa Mai Tsayi Case 1 Farfadowar Sinusoidal: Gwajin Acetonitrile (Inganci) Case 2 Farfadowar Sinusoidal: Gwajin Ruwa na Methanol (Inganci) Girman Ciki (µl) Babu Mai Haɗawa – - 0 Mott 30 65% 67.2% 30 Mott 60 92.2% 91.3% 60 Mott 90 98.1% 97.5% 90 Mai Haɗawa A1 66.4% 73.7% 50 Mai Haɗawa A2 89.8% 91.6% 150 Mai Haɗawa A3 92.2% 94.5% 250 Mai Haɗawa B1 44.8% 45.7% 9 35 Mai Haɗawa B2 845.% 96.2% 370 Mai Haɗawa C 97.2% 97.4% 250
Binciken sakamakon da aka samu a Hoto na 8 da Tebur na 2 ya nuna cewa injin haɗa Mott mai static 30 µl yana da ingancin haɗuwa iri ɗaya da injin haɗa A1, wato 50 µl, duk da haka, injin haɗa Mott mai 30 µl yana da ƙarancin girman ciki da kashi 30%. Lokacin da aka kwatanta injin haɗa Mott mai 60 µl da injin haɗa A2 mai 150 µl, an sami ɗan ci gaba a ingancin haɗuwa da kashi 92% idan aka kwatanta da 89%, amma mafi mahimmanci, an sami wannan matakin haɗuwa mafi girma a kashi 1/3 na girman injin haɗa A2. Aikin injin haɗa Mott mai 90 µl ya bi irin wannan yanayin da injin haɗa A3 yake da girman ciki na 250 µl. An kuma lura da inganta aikin haɗawa da kashi 98% da 92% tare da raguwar girman ciki sau uku. An sami sakamako da kwatancen iri ɗaya ga mahaɗan B da C. Sakamakon haka, sabbin jerin mahaɗan da ba sa canzawa Mott PerfectPeakTM yana ba da ingantaccen haɗin kai fiye da mahaɗan da ke fafatawa da juna, amma tare da ƙarancin girma na ciki, yana ba da ingantaccen hayaniyar bango da ingantaccen rabo na sigina-zuwa-hayaniya, ingantaccen Analyte mai hankali, siffar kololuwa da ƙudurin kololuwa. An lura da irin waɗannan yanayin a cikin ingancin haɗin kai a cikin nazarin Shari'a ta 1 da Shari'a ta 2. Ga Shari'a ta 2, an yi gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da (methanol da acetone a matsayin alamomi) don kwatanta ingancin haɗin kai na 60 ml Mott, mai haɗa A1 mai kama da juna (ƙarfin ciki 50 µl) da mai haɗa B1 mai kama da juna (ƙarfin ciki 35 µl). , aikin bai yi kyau ba tare da an sanya mahaɗan ba, amma an yi amfani da shi don nazarin tushe. Mahaɗan Mott mai 60 ml ya tabbatar da cewa shine mafi kyawun mahaɗan a cikin rukunin gwaji, yana ba da ƙaruwa 90% a cikin ingancin haɗin kai. Mai haɗa A1 mai kama da juna ya ga ci gaba da kashi 75% a cikin ingancin haɗin kai sannan kuma ci gaba da kashi 45% a cikin mahaɗan B1 mai kama da juna. An gudanar da gwajin rage yawan kwararar sine a kan jerin mahaɗan a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya da gwajin lanƙwasa sine a Mataki na 1, inda kawai canjin yawan kwararar ya canza. Bayanan sun nuna cewa a cikin kewayon yawan kwararar daga 0.25 zuwa 1 ml/min, raguwar farko a cikin raƙuman sine ya kasance daidai ga dukkan manyan mahaɗan guda uku. Ga ƙananan mahaɗan girma biyu, akwai ɗan ƙaruwa a cikin matsewar sinusoidal yayin da ƙimar kwararar ke raguwa, wanda ake sa ran saboda ƙaruwar lokacin zama na mai narkewa a cikin mahaɗan, wanda ke ba da damar ƙara yawan haɗuwar yaɗuwa. Ana sa ran rage yawan kwararar sine zai ƙaru yayin da kwararar ke raguwa. Duk da haka, ga mafi girman girman mahaɗan tare da mafi girman raguwar tushen sine, raguwar tushen sine ya kasance kusan ba a canza ba (a cikin kewayon rashin tabbas na gwaji), tare da ƙimar da ta kama daga 95% zuwa 98%. Shinkafa. 10. Rage gudu na sine da kuma gudu a yanayin 1. An gudanar da gwajin a ƙarƙashin yanayi makamancin gwajin sine tare da canjin gudu, ana allurar kashi 80% na cakuda acetonitrile da ruwa 80/20 da kuma kashi 20% na ammonium acetate 20 mM.
Sabbin nau'ikan mahaɗan PerfectPeakTM masu ƙera a layi guda uku masu ƙwaya: 30 µl, 60 µl da 90 µl sun ƙunshi kewayon ƙarfin aiki da haɗakarwa da ake buƙata don yawancin nazarin HPLC waɗanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen haɗuwa da ƙananan benaye masu watsawa. Sabuwar mahaɗan mai ƙera a tsaye ta cimma wannan ta hanyar amfani da sabuwar fasahar bugawa ta 3D don ƙirƙirar tsarin 3D na musamman wanda ke samar da ingantaccen haɗakar mai ƙera a tsaye tare da mafi girman raguwar hayaniyar tushe a kowace girman naúrar mahaɗan ciki. Amfani da 1/3 na girman ciki na mahaɗan gargajiya yana rage hayaniyar tushe da 98%. Irin waɗannan mahaɗan sun ƙunshi tashoshi masu gudana masu girma uku da suka haɗu tare da yankuna daban-daban na giciye da tsayin hanya daban-daban yayin da ruwa ke ratsa shingen geometric masu rikitarwa a ciki. Sabuwar dangin mahaɗan mai ƙera a tsaye suna ba da ingantaccen aiki fiye da mahaɗan masu gasa, amma tare da ƙarancin girman ciki, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen rabon sigina zuwa hayaniya da ƙarancin iyaka na adadi, da kuma ingantaccen siffar kololuwa, inganci da ƙuduri don mafi girman hankali.
A cikin wannan fitowar Chromatography - RP-HPLC mai dacewa da muhalli - Amfani da chromatography na harsashi don maye gurbin acetonitrile da isopropanol a cikin bincike da tsarkakewa - Sabon chromatography na gas don…
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