Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali eseqediwe, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi abaqhubi bacabangele izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Njengezinto eziningi zokwakha, insimbi engagqwali inezinzuzo eziningi kanye nokungalungi. Insimbi ibhekwa “njengensimbi engagqwali” uma ingxube iqukethe okungenani i-chromium engu-10.5%, eyakha ungqimba lwe-oxide okwenza ukuthi imelane ne-acid kanye nokugqwala. Lokhu kumelana nokugqwala kungathuthukiswa ngokwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kanye nokwengeza ezinye izinto ezengeziwe zokuhlanganisa.
Izakhiwo zezinto "zensimbi engagqwali", ukunakekelwa okuphansi, ukuqina kanye nokuqedwa okuhlukahlukene kwendawo kwenza ifaneleke ezimbonini ezifana nokwakha, ifenisha, ukudla neziphuzo, ezokwelapha kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezidinga amandla nokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi.
Insimbi engagqwali ivame ukubiza kakhulu kunezinye izinsimbi. Kodwa-ke, inikeza izinzuzo zokuqina kuya kwesisindo ngokuvumela izinto ezincane kunezinga elivamile, okungabangela ukonga izindleko. Ngenxa yezindleko zayo zizonke, izitolo kudingeka ziqinisekise ukuthi zisebenzisa amathuluzi afanele ukugwema ukuchithwa okubizayo kanye nokuvuselelwa kwale nto.
Insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengenzima ukuyishibiliza ngoba isusa ukushisa ngokushesha futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuqeda nokuhlanza.
Ukusebenza ngensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile kudinga umuntu onolwazi olukhulu ngokushisela noma opharetha kunokusebenza ngensimbi yekhabhoni, okuvame ukuba okuzinzile. Ububanzi bayo bungancishiswa ngokwethula imingcele ethile, ikakhulukazi lapho kushiselwa. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zensimbi engagqwali, kunengqondo kakhulu ukuthi opharetha abanolwazi kakhulu bayisebenzise.
“Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo,” kusho uJonathan Douville, umphathi omkhulu womkhiqizo, i-R&D International, iWalter Surface Technologies, ePointe-Claire, eQue. “Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo,” kusho uJonathan Douville, umphathi omkhulu womkhiqizo, i-R&D International, iWalter Surface Technologies, ePointe-Claire, eQue. «Люди обычно покупают нержавеющую сталь из-за ее отделки», — сказал Джонатан Доувиль, старший менеджер по продуктам R&D Pointi International, Walter Que-Clalogies Surface Tech-Cnologies. “Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali ukuze iqedwe,” kusho uJonathan Douville, uMphathi Omkhulu Womkhiqizo, i-R&D International, iWalter Surface Technologies, ePointe-Claire, eQue.“Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali ukuze iqedwe,” kusho uJonathan Douville, umphathi omkhulu wocwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nentuthuko eWalter Surface Technologies ePointe Claire, eQuebec. “Lokhu kunezela emikhawulweni okumele abaqhubi bayicabangele.”
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungqimba olunesitayela olunesayizi 4 noma isiphetho sesibuko esinosayizi 8, opharetha kumele aqinisekise ukuthi izinto zithambile ezintweni nokuthi ungqimba alonakali ngesikhathi sokuphathwa nokucubungula. Kunganciphisa nezinketho zokulungiselela nokuhlanza, ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye zekhwalithi.
“Uma usebenza ngale nto, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlanzekile, ihlanzekile futhi ihlanzekile futhi,” kusho uRick Hathelt, uMphathi Wendawo ye-PFERD eCanada, e-Ontario, eMississauga, e-Ontario. “Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesimo esihlanzekile (esingenakhabhoni) lapho uhlanza insimbi engagqwali ukuze ususe ukungcola okungabangela ukugqwala kamuva futhi kuvimbele ungqimba lokungaphazamisi ukuthi luphinde lubuyele esimweni ngokudala ungqimba oluvikelayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukugqwala.”
Uma usebenzisa insimbi engagqwali, izinto kanye nendawo ezungezile kumele kuhlanzwe. Ukususa uwoyela kanye nezinsalela zepulasitiki ezintweni kuyisiqalo esihle. Izinto ezingcolisayo ensimbi engagqwali zingabangela ukubola, kodwa zingadala nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokushisela futhi zibangele amaphutha. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlanza indawo ngaphambi kokushisela.
Indawo yokusebenza ayihlali ihlanzekile kakhulu futhi ukungcola okuhlukahlukene kungaba yinkinga uma usebenza ngensimbi engagqwali kanye ne-carbon steel. Ngokuvamile isitolo sinamafeni amaningi noma sisebenzisa ama-air conditioner ukupholisa abasebenzi, okungacindezela ukungcola phansi noma kubangele ukuvuza noma ukujiya kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kunzima kakhulu uma izinhlayiya zensimbi engagqwali zipheshulwa ensimbi engagqwali. Ukuhlukanisa lezi zinto nokuzigcina endaweni ehlanzekile kubalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngokushisela okusebenzayo.
Kubalulekile ukususa ukushintsha kombala ukuze ukugqwala kungakhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kunciphise isakhiwo sonke. Kuhle futhi ukususa ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze kulingane umbala wobuso.
ECanada, ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezibandayo kakhulu kanye nezimo zezulu zasebusika, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izinga elifanele lensimbi engagqwali. UDouville uchaze ukuthi izitolo eziningi ekuqaleni zakhetha i-304 ngenxa yentengo yayo. Kodwa uma isitolo singasebenzisa le nto ngaphandle, singancoma ukushintshela ku-316 yize ibiza kabili kunalokho. I-304 isengozini yokugqwala uma isetshenziswa noma igcinwe ngaphandle. Ngisho noma indawo ihlanzwa futhi kwakheka ungqimba lokugqwala, izimo zangaphandle zingasebenza ebusweni, zibhubhise ungqimba lokugqwala futhi ekugcineni zibangele ukugqwala futhi.
“Ukulungiselela ukushisela kubalulekile ngezizathu eziningi eziyisisekelo,” kusho uGabi Miholix, uchwepheshe we-Application Development, i-Abrasive Systems Division, 3M Canada, eLondon, e-Ontario. “Ukususa ukugqwala, upende kanye nama-bevel kubalulekile ukuze kushiselwe kahle. Indawo yokushisela kumele ingabi nezinto ezingcolisayo ezingase zenze buthaka ijoyinti.”
UHatelt unezela ngokuthi ukuhlanzwa kwendawo kuyadingeka, kodwa ukulungiswa kokushisela ngaphambi kokufaka kungase kuhlanganise nokushisela impahla ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela okufanele kanye nokuqina kokushisela.
Uma ushisela insimbi engagqwali, kubalulekile ukukhetha insimbi yokugcwalisa efanele yezinga elisetshenziswayo. Insimbi engagqwali ibucayi kakhulu futhi idinga ukuthi ama-weld aqinisekiswe uhlobo olufanayo lwezinto. Isibonelo, insimbi eyisisekelo 316 idinga insimbi yokugcwalisa 316. Abashisela abakwazi ukusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwensimbi yokugcwalisa, izinga ngalinye lensimbi engagqwali lidinga i-filler ethile ukuze ishisele kahle.
“Lapho kushiselwa insimbi engagqwali, umshiseli kufanele aqaphele izinga lokushisa,” kusho uMichael Radaelli, umphathi womkhiqizo weNorton | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, eWorcester, eMassachusetts. “Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi angasetshenziswa ukukala izinga lokushisa le-weld kanye nengxenye njengoba umshiseli eshisa, ngoba uma kuvela uqhekeko ensimbini engagqwali, ingxenye iyashabalala.”
URadaelli wengeze ngokuthi umshiseli kumele aqinisekise ukuthi akahlali endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside. Ukushisela okunezingqimba eziningi kuyindlela enhle yokugcina i-substrate ingashisi kakhulu. Ukushisela isikhathi eside kwensimbi engagqwali eyisisekelo kungabangela ukuthi ishise kakhulu futhi iqhekeke.
“Ukushisela insimbi engagqwali kungathatha isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi kuwubuciko obudinga izandla ezinekhono,” kusho uRadaelli.
Ukulungiswa ngemva kokushintshwa kuncike kakhulu kumkhiqizo wokugcina kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo. Kwezinye izimo, uMiholix uchaze ukuthi ukushintshwa akubonakali, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuhlanzwa okulinganiselwe ngemva kokushintshwa, futhi noma yikuphi ukuchitheka okubonakalayo kususwa ngokushesha. Noma ukushintshwa kungadinga ukulinganiswe noma ukuhlanzwa, kodwa akudingeki ukulungiswa okukhethekile kwendawo. Uma kudingeka ukuqedwa okuncane noma kwesibuko, kungadingeka izinyathelo zokupholisha ezithuthukisiwe. Kuxhomeke nje ekusetshenzisweni.
“Inkinga akuyona umbala,” kusho uMiholic. “Lokhu kushintsha kombala wobuso kubonisa ukuthi izakhiwo zensimbi zishintshile futhi manje zingase zinciphe/zigqwale.”
Ukukhetha ithuluzi lokuqeda isivinini esiguquguqukayo kuzokonga isikhathi nemali futhi kuvumele opharetha ukuthi enze ngokwezifiso ukuqeda.
Kubalulekile ukususa ukushintsha kombala ukuze ukugqwala kungakhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kunciphise isakhiwo sonke. Kuhle futhi ukususa ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze kulingane umbala wobuso.
Inqubo yokuhlanza ingalimaza izindawo, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali anamandla. Ukuhlanza okungalungile kungavimbela ukwakheka kwengqimba yokungasebenzisi. Yingakho ochwepheshe abaningi bencoma ukuhlanzwa ngesandla kwalezi zingxenye ezihlanganisiwe.
“Ngokuhlanzwa ngesandla, uma ungavumeli umoya-mpilo ukuthi usabele ebusweni amahora angama-24 noma angama-48, awunaso isikhathi sokudala ubuso obungenamsebenzi,” kusho uDouville. Uchaze ukuthi ubuso budinga umoya-mpilo ukuze busabele ne-chromium engxubeni ukuze bakhe ungqimba olungenamsebenzi. Kwezinye izitolo, kuyinto evamile ukuhlanza, ukupakisha izingxenye, nokuzithumela ngokushesha, okunciphisa ijubane lenqubo futhi kwandisa ingozi yokugqwala.
Abakhiqizi nabashiseli bavame ukusebenzisa izinto eziningi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali kunemingcele ethile. Ukuzinika isikhathi sokuhlanza ingxenye kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esihle, kodwa kuhle kuphela ngendawo ekuyo.
UHatelt uthe uyaqhubeka nokubona imisebenzi engcolisiwe. Isihluthulelo ukuqeda ukuba khona kwekhabhoni endaweni yokusebenza yensimbi engagqwali. Akuvamile ukuthi izitolo ezisebenzisa insimbi zishintshele ensimbi engagqwali ngaphandle kokulungiselela kahle indawo yokusebenza yale nto. Lokhu kuyiphutha, ikakhulukazi uma zingakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto ezimbili noma ukuthenga isethi yazo yamathuluzi.
“Uma unebhulashi locingo lokugaya noma lokulungisa insimbi engagqwali bese ulisebenzisa ensimbini yekhabhoni, awusakwazi ukusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali,” kusho uRadaelli. “Amabhulashi manje angcoliswe yikhabhoni nokugqwala. Uma amabhulashi engcoliswe ngokuwela, awakwazi ukuhlanzwa.”
Izitolo kumele zisebenzise amathuluzi ahlukene okulungiselela izinto, kodwa kumele futhi zibhale amathuluzi ngokuthi “insimbi engagqwali kuphela” ukuze kugwenywe ukungcola okungadingekile, kusho uHatelt.
Izitolo kufanele zicabangele izici eziningi lapho zikhetha amathuluzi okulungiselela ukushisela ngensimbi engagqwali, okuhlanganisa izinketho zokususa ukushisa, uhlobo lwamaminerali, isivinini, kanye nosayizi wezinhlamvu.
“Ukukhetha i-abrasive embozwe ukushisa kuyisiqalo esihle,” kusho uMiholix. “Insimbi engagqwali ilukhuni kakhulu futhi ikhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe lapho igaywa kunensimbi ethambile. Ukushisa kufanele kuye ndawana thile, ngakho-ke kukhona i-coating evumela ukushisa ukuthi kugeleze emaphethelweni ediski, kunokuhlala lapho ugaywa khona. ngaleso sikhathi kwase kuphelele”.
Ukukhetha i-abrasive kuncike ekutheni isiphetho sonke kufanele sibukeke kanjani, uyanezela. Empeleni kusemehlweni omuntu obonayo. Amaminerali e-alumina kuma-abrasives ayindlela evame kakhulu esetshenziswa ezinyathelweni zokuqeda. Ukuze insimbi engagqwali ibukeke iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebusweni, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-silicon carbide yamaminerali. Ibukhali futhi ishiya ukuchezuka okujulile okubonisa ukukhanya ngendlela ehlukile, okwenza kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma umqhubi efuna isiphetho sobuso esithile noma esiyingqayizivele, kungcono ukukhuluma nomhlinzeki.
“I-RPM iyinkinga enkulu,” kusho uHatelt. “Amathuluzi ahlukene adinga ama-RPM ahlukene futhi avame ukusebenza ngokushesha kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa i-RPM efanele kunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu, kokubili ngokuya ngokuthi umsebenzi ushesha kangakanani kanye nekhwalithi. Thola ukuthi yikuphi ukuqeda okufunayo nokuthi ungakulinganisa kanjani.”
UDouville wengeze ngokuthi ukutshala imali kumathuluzi okuqeda isivinini esiguquguqukayo kuyindlela eyodwa yokuxazulula izinkinga zesivinini. Abasebenzi abaningi bazama umshini wokugaya ojwayelekile wokuqeda, kodwa unesivinini esikhulu sokusika kuphela. Ukuqedwa kwenqubo kudinga ukwehlisa ijubane. Ukukhetha ithuluzi lokuqeda isivinini esiguquguqukayo kuzokonga isikhathi nemali futhi kuvumele osebenza ukuthi enze ngokwezifiso ukuqeda.
I-grit nayo ibalulekile lapho ukhetha into yokuklwebha. Umsebenzisi kufanele aqale nge-grit engcono kakhulu yohlelo lokusebenza.
Kusukela ku-grit engu-60 noma engu-80 (ephakathi nendawo), umqhubi angagxumela ku-grit engu-120 (encane) kanye no-grit engu-220 (encane kakhulu) cishe ngokushesha, okwenza insimbi engagqwali iqede endaweni yesi-4.
“Kungaba yizinyathelo ezintathu nje kuphela,” kusho uRadaelli. “Kodwa-ke, uma umqhubi ebhekene nokushintshwa okukhulu, akakwazi ukuqala ngegridi engu-60 noma engu-80 futhi angakhetha igridi engu-24 (eqinile kakhulu) noma engu-36 (eqinile). Lokhu kunezela isinyathelo esengeziwe futhi kungaba nzima. susa imihuzuko ejulile ezintweni.”
Futhi, ukufaka i-spray noma ijeli elwa nokufafaza kungaba umngane omkhulu womshiseli, kodwa kuvame ukunganakwa lapho kushiselwa insimbi engagqwali, kusho uDouville. Izingxenye ezifafaziwe kumele zisuswe, ezingaklwebha indawo, zidinge izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokusikwa futhi zithathe isikhathi esengeziwe. Lesi sinyathelo singasuswa kalula ngohlelo lokuvikela ukuphamba.
ULindsay Luminoso, umhleli ohlangene, unegalelo kokubili ekusebenzeni ngensimbi kwaseCanada kanye nokukhiqiza kanye nokushisela kwaseCanada. ULindsay Luminoso, umhleli ohlangene, unegalelo kokubili ekusebenzeni ngensimbi kwaseCanada kanye nokukhiqiza kanye nokushisela kwaseCanada. Линдси Луминосо, помощник редактора, вносит свой вклад как в Canadian Metalworking, так и в Canadian Fabricating & Welding. ULindsey Luminoso, uMhleli Ohlangene, unegalelo kokubili ekusebenzeni ngensimbi kwaseCanada kanye nasekukhiqizeni nasekushiseleni kwaseCanada.ULindsey Luminoso, uMhleli Ohlangene, unegalelo ku-Metal Fabrication Canada kanye ne-Fabrication and Welding Canada. WayenguMhleli Ohlangene/Umhleli Wewebhu kwa-Metal Fabrication Canada kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2016 futhi muva nje unguMhleli Ohlangene eMnyangweni Wokuklama.
ULuminoso uneziqu zeBachelor of Arts ezivela eCarleton University, iziqu zeBachelor of Education ezivela eNyuvesi yase-Ottawa, kanye nesitifiketi se-Graduate in Books, Magazines, kanye ne-Digital Publishing ezivela eCentennial College.
Hlala usesikhathini ngezindaba zakamuva, imicimbi kanye nobuchwepheshe kuzo zonke izinsimbi ezivela ezincwadini zethu zezindaba ezimbili zanyanga zonke ezibhalelwe abakhiqizi baseCanada kuphela!
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-Canadian Metalworking, ukufinyelela okulula kwezinsizakusebenza zemboni ezibalulekile.
Manje njengoba usunokufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-Made in Canada kanye ne-Weld, usunokufinyelela okulula ezinsizeni ezibalulekile zemboni.
Sethula indlela ehlakaniphile yokufafaza. Sethula isayensi ye-3M engcono kakhulu kwesinye sezibhamu ezihlakaniphe kakhulu nezilula emhlabeni.