Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali esele yaqedwa, enezela ebunzimeni bezinto opharetha okufanele bazicabangele.
Njengezinto eziningi zokwakha, insimbi engagqwali inezinzuzo eziningi kanye nokubi.Insimbi ibhekwa "njengensimbi engagqwali" uma ingxubevange iqukethe okungenani i-chromium engu-10.5%, eyakha ungqimba lwe-oxide eyenza ibe ne-asidi nokugqwala.Lokhu kumelana nokubola kungathuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe ngokwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-chromium nokwengeza izengezo ze-alloying eyengeziwe.
Izinto ezibonakalayo "zensimbi engagqwali", ukugcinwa okuphansi, ukuqina kanye nokuqedwa okuhlukahlukene kwendawo kuyenza ifanele izimboni ezifana nezokwakha, ifenisha, ukudla nesiphuzo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha nezinye eziningi ezidinga amandla nokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi.
Insimbi engagqwali ijwayele ukubiza kakhulu kunezinye izinsimbi.Kodwa-ke, inikeza izinzuzo zamandla kuya kwesisindo ngokuvumela okokusebenza okuncane kunamamaki avamile, okungaholela ekongeni kwezindleko.Ngenxa yezindleko zayo zizonke, izitolo zidinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi zisebenzisa amathuluzi afanele ukugwema ukumosha okumba eqolo nokusebenza kabusha kwalokhu kwaziswa.
Insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengobunzima ukuyishisela ngoba ihlakaza ukushisa ngokushesha futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu phakathi nezinyathelo zokuqeda nokupholisha.
Ukusebenza ngensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile kudinga i-welder enolwazi noma opharetha kunokusebenza nge-carbon steel, evame ukuzinza.Ububanzi bayo bungancishiswa ngokwethula imingcele ethile, ikakhulukazi uma i-welding.Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zensimbi engagqwali, kunengqondo ukuthi opharetha abanolwazi olunzulu bayisebenzise.
"Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali ngenxa yokuqedwa kwayo," kusho uJonathan Douville, umphathi omkhulu wemikhiqizo, i-R&D International, i-Walter Surface Technologies, i-Pointe-Claire, i-Que. "Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali ngenxa yokuqedwa kwayo," kusho uJonathan Douville, umphathi omkhulu wemikhiqizo, i-R&D International, i-Walter Surface Technologies, i-Pointe-Claire, i-Que. «Люди обычно покупают нержавеющую сталь из-за ее отделки», — сказал Джонатан Доувиль, старший менеджер по продуктам R&D Pointi International, Walter Que-Clalogies Surface Tech-Cnologies. "Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali ukuze iphele," kusho u-Jonathan Douville, uMphathi Omkhulu Womkhiqizo, i-R&D International, i-Walter Surface Technologies, i-Pointe-Claire, i-Que."Abantu bavame ukuthenga insimbi engagqwali ukuze iphele," kusho uJonathan Douville, umphathi omkhulu wezocwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nentuthuko e-Walter Surface Technologies ePointe Claire, eQuebec."Lokhu kwengeza emigomeni okumele abaqhubi bazicubungule."
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubukhulu obungu-4 bokuthungwa kwe-linear coating noma ukuqedwa kwesibuko sikasayizi 8, isisebenzisi kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi okokusebenza kuthambile kokubalulekile nokuthi okokunamathela akonakele ngesikhathi sokuphatha nokucubungula.Kungase futhi kukhawule izinketho zokulungiselela nokuhlanza, okubalulekile ekukhiqizeni ingxenye yekhwalithi.
"Uma usebenza ngale nto, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlanzekile, ihlanzekile futhi ihlanzekile futhi," kusho uRick Hathelt, i-PFERD Area Manager yaseCanada, e-Ontario, eMississauga, e-Ontario.“Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi unomoya ohlanzekile (ongenayo i-carbon) lapho uhlanza insimbi engagqwali ukuze ususe ukungcola okungase kubangele i-oxidation kamuva (ukugqwala) futhi uvimbele ungqimba lwe-passivation ukuthi lungasimama ngokwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo ukuze lunciphise i-oxidation.”
Uma usebenzisa insimbi engagqwali, impahla kanye nemvelo kumele kuhlanzwe.Ukukhipha izinsalela zikawoyela nepulasitiki ezintweni kuyisiqalo esihle.Ukungcola kwensimbi engagqwali kungabangela i-oxidation, kodwa futhi kungadala izinkinga ngesikhathi sokushisela futhi kubangele ukukhubazeka.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlanza ubuso ngaphambi kwe-soldering.
Indawo yokusebenzela ayihlali ihlanzeke kakhulu futhi ukungcoliswa okuphambanayo kungaba yinkinga uma usebenza ngensimbi engagqwali nekhabhoni.Ngokuvamile isitolo sisebenzisa abalandeli abaningi noma sisebenzisa ama-air conditioner ukuze sipholise abasebenzi, okungase kusunduzele ukungcola phansi noma kubangele ukuconsa noma ukujiya kwakheke ezintweni ezingavuthiwe.Lokhu kuba nzima kakhulu lapho izinhlayiya ze-carbon steel zivuthela ensimbi engagqwali.Ukuhlukanisa lezi zinto kanye nokuzigcina endaweni ehlanzekile kubalulekile uma kuziwa ekushiseleni okuphumelelayo.
Kubalulekile ukususa ukuguquguquka ukuze ukugqwala kungakhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kwenze buthaka isakhiwo sonke.Kuhle futhi ukususa i-bluing ukuze ukhiphe umbala wendawo.
E-Canada, ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezibandayo kanye nezimo zezulu zasebusika, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izinga elifanele lensimbi engagqwali.UDouville uchaze ukuthi izitolo eziningi ziqale zakhetha i-304 ngenxa yentengo yayo.Kodwa uma isitolo besizosebenzisa le nto ngaphandle, bangancoma ukuthi ushintshele ku-316 nakuba kubiza ngokuphindwe kabili.I-304 isengozini yokugqwala lapho isetshenziswa noma igcinwe ngaphandle.Ngisho noma ubuso buhlanzwa futhi kwakhiwa ungqimba lwe-passivation, izimo zangaphandle zingasebenza phezulu, zibhubhise ungqimba lwe-passivation futhi ekugcineni zibangele ukugqwala futhi.
"Ukulungiswa kokushisela kubalulekile ngezizathu eziningi ezibalulekile," kusho uGabi Miholix, Uchwepheshe Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezicelo, i-Abrasive Systems Division, i-3M Canada, iLondon, i-Ontario.“Ukususwa kokugqwala, upende nama-bevel kubalulekile ekushiseleleni ngendlela efanele.Indawo yokushisela kumele ingabi nakungcola okungase kwenze ilunga libe buthaka.”
U-Hatelt wengeza ngokuthi ukuhlanzwa kwendawo kuyadingeka, kodwa ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kwe-weld kungase futhi kufake ukuphazamisa impahla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunamathela okufanele kanye namandla okushisela.
Lapho ushisela insimbi engagqwali, kubalulekile ukukhetha insimbi yokugcwalisa efanele yebanga elisetshenziswayo.Insimbi engagqwali izwela kakhulu futhi idinga ukuthi amashisela agunyazwe uhlobo olufanayo lwempahla.Isibonelo, isisekelo sensimbi 316 sidinga i-filler metal 316. Ama-welders awakwazi nje ukusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwensimbi yokugcwalisa, ibanga ngalinye lensimbi engagqwali lidinga isigcwalisi esithile ukuze sishise kahle.
“Lapho sishisela insimbi engagqwali, umshiseli kufanele ngempela abheke izinga lokushisa,” kusho uMichael Radaelli, umphathi womkhiqizo weNorton |I-Saint-Gobain Abrasives, eWorcester, Massachusetts."Kunemishini eminingi ehlukene engasetshenziswa ukukala izinga lokushisa le-weld kanye nengxenye njengoba i-welder ishisa, ngoba uma kuvela umfantu ensimbi engagqwali, ingxenye icishe ibhujiswe."
U-Radaelli wengeze ngokuthi umshiseli kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi akahlali endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside.I-Multi-layer welding iyindlela enhle yokugcina i-substrate ingashisi ngokweqile.Ukushisela isikhathi eside kwe-base stainless steel kungabangela ukuthi ishise futhi iqhekeke.
“Ukushisela insimbi engagqwali kungathatha isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi kuwubuciko obudinga izandla ezinekhono,” kusho uRadaelli.
Ukulungiswa kwe-post-weld kuncike ngempela kumkhiqizo wokugcina kanye nokusebenza kwawo.Kwezinye izimo, u-Miholix wachaza, i-weld ayilokothi ibonakale, ngakho-ke ukuhlanza okulinganiselwe ngemuva kokushisela kuyadingeka, futhi noma iyiphi i-spatter ebonakalayo isuswa ngokushesha.Noma i-weld ingase idinge ukulinganiswa noma ukuhlanzwa, kodwa akukho ukulungiswa okukhethekile okudingekayo.Uma ukuqedwa kwenhlawulo noma kwesibuko kuyadingeka, izinyathelo zokupholisha ezithuthuke kakhulu zingadingeka.Kuya ngohlelo lokusebenza.
“Inkinga akuwona umbala,” kusho uMiholic."Lokhu kuguquguquka kobuso kubonisa ukuthi izakhiwo zensimbi zishintshile futhi manje zingase zifake oxidize / ukugqwala."
Ukukhetha ithuluzi lokuqeda isivinini esiguquguqukayo kuzokonga isikhathi nemali futhi kuvumele opharetha ukuthi enze ngendlela oyifisayo ukuphela.
Kubalulekile ukususa ukuguquguquka ukuze ukugqwala kungakhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kwenze buthaka isakhiwo sonke.Kuhle futhi ukususa i-bluing ukuze ukhiphe umbala wendawo.
Inqubo yokuhlanza ingalimaza indawo engaphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa amakhemikhali anokhahlo.Ukuhlanza okungalungile kungavimbela ukwakheka kwesendlalelo se-passivation.Yingakho ochwepheshe abaningi bencoma ukuhlanzwa ngesandla kwalezi zingxenye ezishiselwe.
"Ngokuhlanza okwenziwa ngesandla, uma ungavumeli umoya-mpilo ukuthi usabele endaweni amahora angama-24 noma angama-48, awunaso isikhathi sokwenza indawo engenzi lutho," kusho uDouville.Wachaza ukuthi indawo engaphezulu idinga umoya-mpilo ukuze isabele nge-chromium ku-alloy ukuze kwakheke ungqimba lwe-passivation.Kwezinye izitolo, kuwumkhuba ukuhlanza, ukupakisha izingxenye, futhi uzithumele ngokushesha, okwenza inqubo ibambezele futhi kwandise ingozi yokugqwala.
Abakhiqizi nabashiseli ngokuvamile basebenzisa izinto eziningi.Nokho, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali kubeka imingcele ethile.Ukuthatha isikhathi sokuhlanza ingxenye kuyisinyathelo esihle sokuqala, kodwa kuhle njengendawo okuyo.
UHatelt uthe usaqhubeka nokubona imisebenzi engcolisiwe.Okubalulekile wukuqeda ubukhona bekhabhoni endaweni yokusebenza yensimbi engagqwali.Akuvamile ukuthi izitolo ezisebenzisa insimbi zishintshele ensimbi engagqwali ngaphandle kokulungiswa kahle kwendawo yokusebenza yale nto.Lokhu kuyiphutha, ikakhulukazi uma bengakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto ezimbili noma ukuthenga isethi yabo yamathuluzi.
"Uma unebhulashi locingo lokugaya noma ukulungisa insimbi engagqwali futhi ulisebenzisa ku-carbon steel, ngeke usakwazi ukusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali," kusho uRadaelli.“Amabhulashi manje asengcoliswe ikhabhoni nokugqwala.Uma amabhulashi engcolile, awakwazi ukuhlanzwa.”
Izitolo kufanele zisebenzise amathuluzi ahlukene okulungiselela izinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa kufanele zilebule amathuluzi “insimbi engagqwali kuphela” ukugwema ukungcoliswa kungenasidingo, kusho uHatelt.
Izitolo kufanele zicabangele izici eziningi lapho zikhetha amathuluzi okulungiselela ukushisela insimbi engagqwali, okuhlanganisa izinketho zokulahla ukushisa, uhlobo lwamaminerali, isivinini, nosayizi wokusanhlamvu.
"Ukukhetha i-abrasive abrasive ekhipha ukushisa kuyisiqalo esihle," kusho uMiholix.“Insimbi engagqwali iqinile kakhulu futhi ikhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu uma igaya kunensimbi ethambile.Ukushisa kufanele kuhambe endaweni ethile, ngakho-ke kukhona ukunamathela okuvumela ukushisa kugeleze emaphethelweni ediski, kunokuhlala lapho ugaya khona.ngaleso sikhathi kwakuphelele”.
Ukukhethwa kwe-abrasive nakho kuncike ekutheni isiphetho sonke kufanele sibukeke kanjani, uyanezela.Ngempela kusemehlweni okubukayo.Amaminerali e-Alumina kuma-abrasives kuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu olusetshenziswa ezinyathelweni zokuqeda.Ukwenza insimbi engagqwali ibukeke iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-mineral silicon carbide.Ibukhali futhi ishiya ukusikeka okujulile okubonisa ukukhanya ngokuhlukile, okuyenza ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Uma u-opharetha efuna isiphetho esithile noma esiyingqayizivele, kungcono ukukhuluma nomphakeli.
"I-RPM iyinkinga enkulu," kusho uHatelt.“Amathuluzi ahlukene adinga ama-RPM ahlukene futhi avame ukugijima kakhulu.Ukusebenzisa i-RPM efanele kunikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu, kokubili mayelana nokuthi umsebenzi wenziwe ngokushesha kangakanani nangokwekhwalithi.Thola ukuthi yisiphi isiphetho osifunayo nokuthi usikala kanjani."
UDouville wengeze ngokuthi ukutshala imali kumathuluzi wokuqeda isivinini esiguquguqukayo kungenye yezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zejubane.Opharetha abaningi bazama i-grinder evamile ukuze baqedele, kodwa inejubane eliphezulu lokusika kuphela.Ukuphothulwa kwenqubo kudinga ukwehla.Ukukhetha ithuluzi lokuqeda isivinini esiguquguqukayo kuzokonga isikhathi nemali futhi kuvumele opharetha ukuthi enze ngendlela oyifisayo ukuphela.
I-Grit ibalulekile futhi uma ukhetha i-abrasive.Umsebenzisi kufanele aqale ngegrit engcono kakhulu yohlelo lokusebenza.
Ukuqala ngegrit engu-60 noma engu-80 (emaphakathi), opharetha angagxumela ku-120 grit (okuhle) kanye no-220 grit (okuhle kakhulu) cishe ngokushesha, enikeza insimbi engagqwali indawo yesine.
"Kungaba yizinyathelo ezintathu nje," kusho uRadaelli.Kodwa-ke, uma umqhubi esebenza ngamashisela amakhulu, akakwazi ukuqala ngegrit engu-60 noma engu-80 futhi angase akhethe igrit engu-24 (amaholoholo) noma angu-36 (amaholoholo).Lokhu kwengeza isinyathelo esengeziwe futhi kungaba nzima.susa imihuzuko ejulile endabeni.”
Futhi, ukwengeza isifutho se-anti-spatter noma ijeli kungaba umngane omkhulu womshiseli, kodwa ngokuvamile akunakwa uma kushiselwa insimbi engagqwali, kusho u-Douville.Izingxenye ezihlakazekile kufanele zisuswe, ezinganwaya indawo, zidinga izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuthungatha futhi zithathe isikhathi esengeziwe.Lesi sinyathelo singaqedwa kalula nge-splash guard system.
U-Lindsay Luminoso, umhleli ohlangene, unikela kukho kokubili i-Canadian Metalworking kanye ne-Canadian Fabricating & Welding. U-Lindsay Luminoso, umhleli ohlangene, unikela kukho kokubili i-Canadian Metalworking kanye ne-Canadian Fabricating & Welding. Линдси Луминосо, помощник редактора, вносит свой вклад как в Canadian Metalworking, так и в Canadian Fabricating & Welding. U-Lindsey Luminoso, Umhleli Ohlangene, unikela kukho kokubili i-Canadian Metalworking kanye ne-Canadian Fabricating & Welding.U-Lindsey Luminoso, Umhleli Ohlanganisayo, unikela ku-Metal Fabrication Canada kanye ne-Fabrication and Welding Canada.UbenguMhleli Ohlangene/Umhleli Wewebhu e-Metal Fabrication Canada kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2016 futhi wakamuva nje enguMhleli Ohlanganisa eMnyangweni Wokuklama.
U-Luminoso uneziqu zeBachelor of Arts azithola eNyuvesi yase-Carleton, i-Bachelor of Education degree ayithola e-University of Ottawa, kanye Nesitifiketi Sokuthweswa Iziqu Ezincwadini, Omagazini, kanye Nokushicilela Kwedijithali ase-Centennial College.
Hlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngezindaba zakamuva, imicimbi kanye nobuchwepheshe kuzo zonke izinsimbi ezivela ezincwadini zethu zezindaba ezimbili zanyanga zonke ezibhalelwe abakhiqizi baseCanada kuphela!
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kumagazini wedijithali we-Canadian Metalworking, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zomkhakha.
Manje njengoba unokufinyelela okudijithali okugcwele kwe-Made in Canada ne-Weld, usukwazi ukufinyelela kalula izinsiza ezibalulekile zomkhakha.
Sethula indlela ehlakaniphile yokufutha.Sethula okuhamba phambili kwesayensi ye-3M kwesinye sezibhamu ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, nezilula kakhulu emhlabeni.