Nthawi zambiri anthu amagula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zatsirizidwa kale, zomwe zimawonjezera zovuta zazinthu zomwe ogwira ntchito ayenera kuziganizira.
Monga zipangizo zambiri, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zambiri.Chitsulo chimatengedwa ngati "chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri" ngati aloyi ili ndi 10.5% chromium, yomwe imapanga wosanjikiza wa okusayidi kuti ikhale acid ndi dzimbiri.Kukana kwa dzimbiriku kumatha kupitilizidwanso powonjezera zomwe zili mu chromium ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera.
"Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri" zakuthupi, kukonza pang'ono, kukhazikika komanso kutha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa mafakitale monga zomangamanga, mipando, chakudya ndi zakumwa, zamankhwala ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimafuna mphamvu ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala chokwera mtengo kuposa zitsulo zina.Komabe, imapereka phindu lamphamvu pakuloleza zinthu zocheperako kuposa magiredi wamba, zomwe zingapangitse kuti ndalama zichepe.Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wonse, mashopu akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti akugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera kuti asawononge ndalama zambiri ndikukonzanso zinthuzo.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri chimawonedwa kuti ndi chovuta kuwotcherera chifukwa chimataya kutentha mwachangu ndipo chimafunikira chisamaliro chachikulu pakumaliza ndi kupukuta.
Kugwira ntchito ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri kumafuna wowotcherera wodziwa zambiri kapena woyendetsa kuposa kugwira ntchito ndi chitsulo cha carbon, chomwe chimakhala chokhazikika.Kukula kwake kumatha kuchepetsedwa poyambitsa magawo ena, makamaka pakuwotcherera.Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zimakhala zomveka kuti ogwira ntchito odziwa zambiri azigwiritse ntchito.
"Anthu nthawi zambiri amagula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa cha kutha kwake," atero a Jonathan Douville, woyang'anira wamkulu wa R&D International, Walter Surface Technologies, Pointe-Claire, Que. "Anthu nthawi zambiri amagula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa cha kutha kwake," atero a Jonathan Douville, woyang'anira wamkulu wa R&D International, Walter Surface Technologies, Pointe-Claire, Que. «Люди обычно покупают нержавеющую сталь из-за ее отделки», — сказал Джонатан Доувиль, старший менеджер по продуктам R&D Technologies International, Walter Point-Clalogies. "Anthu nthawi zambiri amagula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuti azitha," adatero Jonathan Douville, Senior Product Manager, R&D International, Walter Surface Technologies, Pointe-Claire, Que."Anthu nthawi zambiri amagula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuti azitha," akutero Jonathan Douville, woyang'anira wamkulu wa kafukufuku wapadziko lonse ndi chitukuko ku Walter Surface Technologies ku Pointe Claire, Quebec."Izi zikuwonjezera zovuta zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuziganizira."
Kaya ndi makulidwe amtundu wa 4 kapena mawonekedwe a galasi 8, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo ndi zofewa komanso kuti zokutira siziwonongeka panthawi yogwira ndi kukonza.Ikhozanso kuchepetsa njira zokonzekera ndi kuyeretsa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga gawo labwino.
"Pogwira ntchito ndi zinthuzi, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi zoyera, zoyera komanso zaudongo," adatero Rick Hathelt, Woyang'anira Malo a PFERD ku Canada, Ontario, Mississauga, Ontario."Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti muli ndi mpweya wabwino (wopanda mpweya) poyeretsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuti muchotse zonyansa zomwe pambuyo pake zingayambitse makutidwe ndi okosijeni (kudzimbirira) ndikuletsa kusanja kwa passivation kuti zisabwererenso popanga gawo loteteza kuti muchepetse okosijeni.”
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu ndi chilengedwe ziyenera kutsukidwa.Kuchotsa zotsalira za mafuta ndi pulasitiki kuzinthu ndi chiyambi chabwino.Zowonongeka pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kuyambitsa okosijeni, koma zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta pakuwotcherera ndikuyambitsa zolakwika.Choncho, ndikofunika kuyeretsa pamwamba musanayambe soldering.
Malo ochitira misonkhano si nthawi zonse oyera kwambiri komanso kuipitsidwa kwapakati kumatha kukhala vuto mukamagwira ntchito ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso kaboni.Nthawi zambiri sitolo imakhala ndi mafani ambiri kapena amagwiritsa ntchito zoziziritsa kuziziritsa ogwira ntchito, zomwe zimatha kukankhira zonyansa pansi kapena kupangitsa kuti madontho adontho kapena ma condensation apangike paziwiya.Izi zimakhala zovuta makamaka pamene tinthu ta carbon steel tawomberedwa pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Kulekanitsa zinthu zimenezi ndi kuzisunga pamalo aukhondo n’kofunika kwambiri pankhani yowotcherera bwino.
Ndikofunika kuchotsa mtundu kuti dzimbiri zisamangidwe pakapita nthawi ndikufooketsa dongosolo lonse.Ndikwabwinonso kuchotsa bluing kuti mtundu wa pamwamba ukhale wofanana.
Ku Canada, chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira kwambiri komanso nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha kalasi yoyenera yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Douville adalongosola kuti masitolo ambiri poyamba adasankha 304 chifukwa cha mtengo wake.Koma ngati sitoloyo ingagwiritse ntchito zinthuzi kunja, angalimbikitse kusintha kwa 316 ngakhale kuti imawononga ndalama zowirikiza kawiri.304 imatha kuwonongeka ndi dzimbiri ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kusungidwa panja.Ngakhale pamwamba ndi kutsukidwa ndi passivation wosanjikiza aumbike, zinthu kunja akhoza kuchita pamwamba, kuwononga passivation wosanjikiza ndipo potsirizira pake kuyambitsa dzimbiri kachiwiri.
"Kukonzekera kuwotcherera ndikofunikira pazifukwa zingapo," akutero Gabi Miholix, Katswiri Wopanga Ntchito, Abrasive Systems Division, 3M Canada, London, Ontario.“Kuchotsa dzimbiri, utoto ndi ma bevel n’kofunika kwambiri kuti tiziwotcherera moyenera.Pamwamba pa weld payenera kukhala wopanda zowononga zomwe zingafooketse cholumikiziracho. ”
Hatelt akuwonjezera kuti kuyeretsa madera ndikofunikira, koma kukonzekera kusanachitike kuwotcherera kungaphatikizeponso kusokoneza zinthu kuti zitsimikizire kumamatira koyenera komanso kulimba kwa weld.
Mukawotchera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndikofunikira kusankha chitsulo choyenera chodzaza kalasi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala chovuta kwambiri ndipo chimafuna kuti ma welds atsimikizidwe kuti ali ndi mtundu womwewo wa zinthu.Mwachitsanzo, zitsulo zoyambira 316 zimafuna zitsulo zodzaza 316. Owotcherera sangathe kungogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamtundu uliwonse, kalasi iliyonse yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imafuna chodzaza china kuti chiwotcherera bwino.
"Powotchera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, wowotcherera amayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kutentha," adatero Michael Radaelli, woyang'anira malonda ku Norton |Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Worcester, Massachusetts."Pali zida zambiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kutentha kwa weld ndi gawo lomwe welder amawotchera, chifukwa ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikawoneka, gawolo limawonongeka."
Radaelli anawonjezera kuti wowotcherayo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti sakhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali.Mipikisano wosanjikiza kuwotcherera ndi njira yabwino kuti gawo lapansi lisatenthedwe.Kuwotcherera kwanthawi yayitali kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kungayambitse kutentha kwambiri komanso kusweka.
"Kuwotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumatha kutenga nthawi yayitali, komanso ndi luso lomwe limafunikira manja aluso," adatero Radaelli.
Kukonzekera pambuyo pa weld kumadalira kwenikweni kumapeto kwa mankhwala ndi ntchito yake.Nthawi zina, Miholix adalongosola, kuwotcherera sikumawonekera, kotero kuyeretsa kochepa kokha kumafunikira, ndipo sipatsi iliyonse yowoneka imachotsedwa mwachangu.Kapena chowotchereracho chingafunikire kusanjidwa kapena kutsukidwa, koma palibe kukonza kwapadera kwapadera komwe kumafunikira.Ngati kutsirizitsa kwabwino kapena kalirole kumafunika, njira zowonjezereka zopukutira zingafunike.Zimangotengera kugwiritsa ntchito.
"Vuto si mtundu," adatero Miholic."Kusintha kwamtundu uku kukuwonetsa kuti chitsulocho chasintha ndipo tsopano chikhoza kukhala oxidize / dzimbiri."
Kusankha chida chomaliza chosinthira liwiro kudzapulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama ndikulola wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kuti asinthe mwamakonda kumaliza.
Ndikofunika kuchotsa mtundu kuti dzimbiri zisamangidwe pakapita nthawi ndikufooketsa dongosolo lonse.Ndikwabwinonso kuchotsa bluing kuti mtundu wa pamwamba ukhale wofanana.
Kuyeretsa kumatha kuwononga malo, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owopsa.Kuyeretsa kolakwika kungalepheretse mapangidwe a passivation layer.Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri ambiri amalangiza kuyeretsa pamanja kwa mbali zowotcherera.
"Ndi kuyeretsa pamanja, ngati simulola kuti mpweya ugwire ntchito ndi pamwamba kwa maola 24 kapena 48, mulibe nthawi yopangira malo osasunthika," adatero Douville.Anafotokoza kuti pamwamba pafunika mpweya kuti agwirizane ndi chromium mu alloy kuti apange passivation layer.M'masitolo ena, ndi chizolowezi kuyeretsa, kunyamula ziwalo, ndi kutumiza nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimachepetsa ndondomekoyi ndikuwonjezera ngozi ya dzimbiri.
Opanga ndi ma welders nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo.Komabe, monga tanenera kale, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumabweretsa zofooka zina.Kutenga nthawi yoyeretsa gawolo ndi sitepe yoyamba yabwino, koma ndi yabwino ngati malo omwe alimo.
Hatelt adati akupitilizabe kuwona ntchito zoipitsidwa.Chofunikira ndikuchotsa kukhalapo kwa kaboni m'malo ogwirira ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Si zachilendo kuti masitolo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo asinthe kukhala zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri popanda kukonzekera bwino malo ogwirira ntchito pazinthu izi.Uku ndikulakwitsa, makamaka ngati sangathe kulekanitsa zida ziwirizi kapena kugula zida zawo.
"Ngati muli ndi burashi yawaya popera kapena kukonza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndipo mumazigwiritsa ntchito pazitsulo za carbon, simungagwiritsenso ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri," adatero Radaelli.“Maburashiwo tsopano ali ndi carbon ndi dzimbiri.Ngati maburashi ali oipitsidwa, sangathe kutsukidwa. ”
Masitolo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyana pokonzekera zinthu, koma ayeneranso kulemba zida "zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zokha" kuti apewe kuipitsidwa kosafunikira, adatero Hatelt.
Masitolo ayenera kuganizira zinthu zambiri posankha zida zokonzera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kuphatikizapo njira zochepetsera kutentha, mtundu wa mchere, liwiro, ndi kukula kwa mbewu.
"Kusankha chotenthetsera choyaka moto ndi chiyambi chabwino," adatero Miholix.“Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi cholimba kwambiri ndipo chimatulutsa kutentha kwambiri pogaya kuposa chitsulo chochepa.Kutentha kumayenera kupita kwinakwake, kotero pali chophimba chomwe chimalola kutentha kuthamangira pamphepete mwa diski, m'malo mokhala momwe mukugaya.pa nthawiyo zinali zangwiro”.
Kusankhidwa kwa abrasive kumadaliranso momwe mapeto onse ayenera kuonekera, akuwonjezera.Izo ziridi m’diso la wopenya.Alumina minerals mu abrasives ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomaliza.Kuti zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziwoneke zabuluu pamwamba, mchere wa silicon carbide uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Zimakhala zokulirapo ndipo zimasiya mabala ozama omwe amawonetsa kuwalako mosiyana, kumapanga buluu.Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akufunafuna mawonekedwe apadera kapena apadera, ndibwino kuti mulankhule ndi wogulitsa.
"RPM ndivuto lalikulu," adatero Hatelt."Zida zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira ma RPM osiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri zimathamanga kwambiri.Kugwiritsa ntchito RPM yolondola kumapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, potengera momwe ntchitoyo imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.Dziwani zomwe mukufuna kumaliza komanso momwe mungayesere."
Douville adawonjezeranso kuti kuyika ndalama pazida zomalizitsa liwiro ndi njira imodzi yothetsera mavuto othamanga.Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amayesa chopukusira nthawi zonse kuti amalize, koma amangothamanga kwambiri podula.Kutsirizitsa ndondomekoyi kumafuna kuchepetsa.Kusankha chida chomaliza chosinthira liwiro kudzapulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama ndikulola wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kuti asinthe mwamakonda kumaliza.
Grit ndi yofunikanso posankha abrasive.Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuyamba ndi grit yabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito.
Kuyambira ndi 60 kapena 80 grit (yapakatikati), wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulumphira ku 120 grit (zabwino) ndi 220 grit (zabwino kwambiri) pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, kupereka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri malo achinayi.
"Itha kukhala masitepe atatu," adatero Radaelli."Komabe, ngati wogwira ntchitoyo akugwira ntchito ndi ma welds akuluakulu, sangayambe ndi grit 60 kapena 80 ndipo angasankhe grit 24 (yowopsya kwambiri) kapena 36 (yowopsya).Izi zimawonjezera sitepe yowonjezera ndipo zingakhale zovuta.chotsani zingwe zakuya m'zinthuzo."
Komanso, kuwonjezera anti-spatter spray kapena gel kungakhale bwenzi lapamtima la wowotchera, koma nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza powotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, Douville akuti.Zigawo zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa, zomwe zimatha kukanda pamwamba, zimafuna masitepe owonjezera a mchenga ndikutenga nthawi yambiri.Izi zitha kuthetsedwa mosavuta ndi splash guard system.
Lindsay Luminoso, mkonzi wothandizira, amathandizira ku Canadian Metalworking ndi Canadian Fabricating & Welding. Lindsay Luminoso, mkonzi wothandizira, amathandizira ku Canadian Metalworking ndi Canadian Fabricating & Welding. Линдси Луминосо, помощник редактора, вносит свой вклад как в Canadian Metalworking, так и в Canadian Fabricating & Welding. Lindsey Luminoso, Wothandizira Mkonzi, amathandizira ku Canadian Metalworking ndi Canadian Fabricating & Welding.Lindsey Luminoso, Associate Editor, amathandizira ku Metal Fabrication Canada ndi Fabrication ndi Welding Canada.Anali Mkonzi Wothandizira / Web Editor ku Metal Fabrication Canada kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2016 ndipo posachedwa Associate Editor mu Dipatimenti Yopanga.
Luminoso ali ndi digiri ya Bachelor of Arts kuchokera ku Carleton University, Digiri ya Bachelor of Education kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Ottawa, ndi Sitifiketi ya Omaliza Maphunziro mu Mabuku, Magazini, ndi Digital Publishing kuchokera ku Centennial College.
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