Anthu nthawi zambiri amagula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chamalizidwa kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zovuta kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuganizira.
Monga zipangizo zambiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zambiri. Chitsulo chimaonedwa ngati "chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri" ngati alloy ili ndi 10.5% chromium, yomwe imapanga oxide layer zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba ndi asidi komanso dzimbiri. Kukana dzimbiri kumeneku kumatha kuwongoleredwa kwambiri powonjezera kuchuluka kwa chromium ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera.
Kapangidwe ka zinthu za "chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri", kusakonza bwino, kulimba komanso kumalizidwa kosiyanasiyana pamwamba pake zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera mafakitale monga zomangamanga, mipando, chakudya ndi zakumwa, zamankhwala ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimafuna mphamvu ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa chitsulo.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala chokwera mtengo kuposa zitsulo zina. Komabe, chimapereka ubwino wolimba mpaka kulemera mwa kulola kuti zinthu zikhale zopyapyala kuposa zachizolowezi, zomwe zingapangitse kuti ndalama zisawonongeke. Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wonse, masitolo ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti akugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera kuti apewe kuwononga ndalama zambiri komanso kukonzanso zinthuzi.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri chimaonedwa kuti n'chovuta kuchilukiza chifukwa chimachotsa kutentha mwachangu ndipo chimafuna kusamala kwambiri pomaliza ndi kupukuta.
Kugwira ntchito ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri kumafuna wowotcherera kapena wogwiritsa ntchito wodziwa bwino ntchito kuposa kugwira ntchito ndi chitsulo cha kaboni, chomwe chimakhala chokhazikika. Kupingasa kwake kungachepe poika magawo ena, makamaka powotcherera. Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zimakhala zomveka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito odziwa zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito.
"Nthawi zambiri anthu amagula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake," anatero Jonathan Douville, mkulu wa makampani, R&D International, Walter Surface Technologies, Pointe-Claire, Que. "Nthawi zambiri anthu amagula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake," anatero Jonathan Douville, mkulu wa makampani, R&D International, Walter Surface Technologies, Pointe-Claire, Que. «Люди обычно покупают нержавеющую сталь из-за ее отделки», — сказал Джонатан Доувиль, старший менеджер по продуктам R&D Technologies International, Walter Point-Clalogies. "Nthawi zambiri anthu amagula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti chikhale chopangidwa bwino," anatero Jonathan Douville, Woyang'anira Zamalonda Wamkulu, R&D International, Walter Surface Technologies, Pointe-Claire, Que.“Nthawi zambiri anthu amagula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito,” akutero Jonathan Douville, mkulu wa kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi chitukuko ku Walter Surface Technologies ku Pointe Claire, Quebec. “Izi zikuwonjezera zoletsa zomwe ogwira ntchito ayenera kuganizira.”
Kaya ndi chophimba cha kukula 4 kapena chophimba cha galasi cha kukula 8, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti nsaluyo ndi yofewa pa nsaluyo komanso kuti chophimbacho sichinawonongeke pochigwira ndi kuchikonza. Zingathenso kuchepetsa njira zokonzekera ndi kuyeretsa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zabwino.
“Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zayera, zayera komanso zayeranso,” anatero Rick Hathelt, Woyang'anira Malo a PFERD ku Canada, Ontario, Mississauga, Ontario. “Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti muli ndi mlengalenga woyera (wopanda kaboni) mukatsuka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti muchotse zinyalala zomwe pambuyo pake zingayambitse kukhuthala (dzimbiri) ndikuletsa kuti gawo losagwira ntchito lisabwererenso mwa kupanga gawo loteteza kuti lichepetse kukhuthala.”
Mukagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthuzo ndi chilengedwe ziyenera kutsukidwa. Kuchotsa mafuta ndi zotsalira za pulasitiki pazinthuzo ndi chiyambi chabwino. Zodetsa pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kuyambitsa okosijeni, koma zimathanso kuyambitsa mavuto panthawi yolumikiza ndi kuyambitsa zolakwika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa pamwamba musanagwiritse ntchito soldering.
Malo ogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri si aukhondo kwambiri ndipo kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kungakhale vuto pogwira ntchito ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi kaboni. Nthawi zambiri sitolo imakhala ndi mafani ambiri kapena imagwiritsa ntchito ma air conditioner kuti iziziritse antchito, zomwe zimatha kukankhira zinthu zodetsa pansi kapena kuyambitsa kudontha kapena kusungunuka kwa madzi pa zipangizo zopangira. Izi zimakhala zovuta makamaka pamene tinthu ta kaboni ta chitsulo taphulika pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kulekanitsa zinthuzi ndikuzisunga pamalo oyera ndikofunikira pankhani yolumikiza bwino.
Ndikofunikira kuchotsa kusintha kwa mtundu kuti dzimbiri lisadzaze pakapita nthawi ndikufooketsa kapangidwe kake konse. Ndikofunikanso kuchotsa buluu kuti mtundu wa pamwamba ufanane.
Ku Canada, chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira kwambiri komanso nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choyenera. Douville anafotokoza kuti masitolo ambiri poyamba adasankha 304 chifukwa cha mtengo wake. Koma ngati sitolo ingagwiritse ntchito chipangizochi kunja, angakulangizeni kusintha kupita ku 316 ngakhale kuti mtengo wake ndi wowirikiza kawiri. 304 imatha kudwala dzimbiri ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kusungidwa panja. Ngakhale pamwamba pake patsukidwa ndipo pakakhala passivation layer, zinthu zakunja zimatha kugwira ntchito pamwamba pake, kuwononga passivation layer ndikupangitsanso dzimbiri.
“Kukonzekera kuwotcherera ndikofunikira pazifukwa zingapo zazikulu,” akutero Gabi Miholix, Katswiri Wopanga Mapulogalamu, Abrasive Systems Division, 3M Canada, London, Ontario. “Kuchotsa dzimbiri, utoto ndi ma bevel ndikofunikira kuti kuwotcherera bwino. Pamwamba pa kuwotcherera payenera kukhala kopanda zinthu zodetsa zomwe zingafooketse cholumikizira.”
Hatelt akuwonjezera kuti kuyeretsa malo ndikofunikira, koma kukonzekera kusanalowetsedwe kungaphatikizeponso kupukuta zinthuzo kuti zitsimikizire kuti cholumikiziracho chimamatira bwino komanso kuti chili ndi mphamvu.
Polumikiza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndikofunikira kusankha chitsulo choyenera chodzaza chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala chovuta kwambiri ndipo chimafuna kuti ma weld akhale ndi chitsimikizo cha mtundu womwewo wa zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo choyambira 316 chimafuna chitsulo chodzaza 316. Olumikiza chitsulo sangangogwiritsa ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa chitsulo chodzaza, mtundu uliwonse wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri umafuna chodzaza china chake kuti chigwirizane bwino.
“Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, wowotcherera ayenera kuyang'anira kutentha,” anatero Michael Radaelli, woyang'anira zinthu ku Norton | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Worcester, Massachusetts. “Pali zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa kutentha kwa chowotcherera ndi gawolo pamene chowotcherera chikutentha, chifukwa ngati ming'alu iwonekera mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, gawolo limawonongeka.”
Radaelli adawonjezera kuti wowotcherera ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti sakukhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuwotcherera kwa multi-layer ndi njira yabwino yotetezera substrate kuti isapse kwambiri. Kuwotcherera kwa nthawi yayitali kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kungayambitse kutentha kwambiri ndi kusweka.
"Kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kungatenge nthawi yayitali, komanso ndi luso lomwe limafuna manja aluso," adatero Radaelli.
Kukonzekera pambuyo pa kusontha kumadalira kwambiri zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Nthawi zina, Miholix anafotokoza, kusontha sikuoneka, kotero kuyeretsa kochepa kokha kumafunika pambuyo pa kusontha, ndipo kudontha kulikonse kooneka kumachotsedwa mwachangu. Kapena kusontha kungafunike kulinganizidwa kapena kutsukidwa, koma sikufunika kukonzekera kwapadera pamwamba. Ngati pakufunika kumaliza bwino kapena galasi, njira zapamwamba zopukutira zingafunike. Zimangodalira momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
"Vuto si mtundu," anatero Miholic. "Kusintha kwa mtundu kumeneku kukusonyeza kuti mawonekedwe a chitsulocho asintha ndipo tsopano akhoza kukhala oxidize/dzimbiri."
Kusankha chida chomaliza chosinthasintha liwiro kudzapulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama ndipo kulola wogwiritsa ntchito kusintha mawonekedwe ake.
Ndikofunikira kuchotsa kusintha kwa mtundu kuti dzimbiri lisadzaze pakapita nthawi ndikufooketsa kapangidwe kake konse. Ndikofunikanso kuchotsa buluu kuti mtundu wa pamwamba ufanane.
Kuyeretsa kumeneku kungawononge malo, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa. Kuyeretsa kolakwika kungalepheretse kupanga gawo losagwira ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa kuyeretsa ndi manja magawo olumikizidwa awa.
“Poyeretsa ndi manja, ngati simulola mpweya kuti ugwirizane ndi pamwamba kwa maola 24 kapena 48, mulibe nthawi yopangira malo osasunthika,” adatero Douville. Anafotokoza kuti pamwamba pake pamafunika mpweya kuti ugwirizane ndi chromium mu alloy kuti apange gawo losasunthika. M'masitolo ena, ndi chizolowezi kuyeretsa, kulongedza ziwalo, ndikuzitumiza nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimachedwetsa ntchito ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha dzimbiri.
Opanga ndi osonkha zitsulo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, monga tanenera kale, kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumabweretsa zoletsa zina. Kutenga nthawi yoyeretsa gawolo ndi gawo loyamba labwino, koma limakhala labwino malinga ndi malo omwe lili.
Hatelt anati akupitirizabe kuona ntchito zodetsedwa. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuchotsa mpweya m'malo ogwirira ntchito a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Sizachilendo kuti masitolo ogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo asinthe kukhala chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri popanda kukonzekera bwino malo ogwirira ntchito a chinthuchi. Ichi ndi cholakwika, makamaka ngati sangathe kulekanitsa zipangizo ziwirizi kapena kugula zida zawozawo.
“Ngati muli ndi burashi ya waya yopera kapena yokonzera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndipo mugwiritsa ntchito pa chitsulo cha kaboni, simungagwiritsenso ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri,” anatero Radaelli. “Maburashi tsopano ali ndi kaboni ndi dzimbiri. Ngati maburashiwo ali ndi cheza, sangatsukidwe.”
Masitolo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyana pokonzekera zinthu, koma ayeneranso kulemba zidazo kuti “chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokha” kuti apewe kuipitsidwa kosafunikira, anatero Hatelt.
Masitolo ayenera kuganizira zinthu zambiri posankha zida zokonzera kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kuphatikizapo njira zochotsera kutentha, mtundu wa mchere, liwiro, ndi kukula kwa tirigu.
"Kusankha chotsukira chotenthetsera kutentha ndi chiyambi chabwino," adatero Miholix. "Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi cholimba kwambiri ndipo chimapanga kutentha kwambiri chikaphwanyidwa kuposa chitsulo chofewa. Kutentha kuyenera kupita kwinakwake, kotero pali chophimba chomwe chimalola kutentha kuyenda mpaka m'mphepete mwa diski, m'malo mongokhala pomwe mukuphwanyira. panthawiyo chinali changwiro".
Kusankha kwa abrasive kumadaliranso momwe mapeto onse ayenera kuonekera, akuwonjezera. Zili m'maso mwa wowonera. Michere ya alumina mu abrasive ndiyo yofala kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza. Kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chiwoneke chabuluu pamwamba, mineral silicon carbide iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi yakuthwa kwambiri ndipo imasiya mabala akuya omwe amawonetsa kuwala mosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabuluu. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akufuna mawonekedwe apadera kapena apadera, ndibwino kulankhula ndi wogulitsa.
“RPM ndi vuto lalikulu,” anatero Hatelt. “Zida zosiyanasiyana zimafuna ma RPM osiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito mofulumira kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito RPM yoyenera kumapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, poganizira momwe ntchitoyo imachitikira mwachangu komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito. Dziwani kuti mukufuna kumaliza ntchito yanji komanso momwe mungayesere.”
Douville adawonjezera kuti kuyika ndalama mu zida zomaliza zosinthasintha liwiro ndi njira imodzi yothetsera mavuto a liwiro. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amayesa chopukusira wamba kuti amalize, koma chimakhala ndi liwiro lalikulu lodulira. Kumaliza ntchitoyi kumafuna kuchepetsa liwiro. Kusankha chida chomaliza chosinthasintha liwiro kudzapulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama ndikulola wogwiritsa ntchito kusintha mawonekedwe ake.
Kuthira ndi kofunikanso posankha chothira ndi thovu. Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuyamba ndi thovu labwino kwambiri logwiritsira ntchito.
Kuyambira ndi grit 60 kapena 80 (yapakatikati), wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kufika pa grit 120 (yosalala) ndi grit 220 (yosalala kwambiri) nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kukhala chachinayi.
"Zitha kukhala masitepe atatu okha," adatero Radaelli. "Komabe, ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akuchita ndi ma weld akuluakulu, sangayambe ndi grit ya 60 kapena 80 ndipo angasankhe grit ya 24 (yolimba kwambiri) kapena 36 (yolimba). Izi zimawonjezera sitepe yowonjezera ndipo zingakhale zovuta. Chotsani mikwingwirima yozama mu chinthucho."
Komanso, kuwonjezera mankhwala opopera kapena gel oletsa kupopera kungakhale bwenzi lapamtima la wowotcherera, koma nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza powotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, akutero Douville. Zigawo zopopera ziyenera kuchotsedwa, zomwe zimatha kukanda pamwamba, kufunikira masitepe owonjezera a sandpaper komanso kutenga nthawi yochulukirapo. Gawoli likhoza kuchotsedwa mosavuta ndi njira yotetezera kupopera.
Lindsay Luminoso, mkonzi wothandizira, akuthandizira pa ntchito zonse ziwiri za ku Canada Metalworking ndi Canadian Fabricating & Welding. Lindsay Luminoso, mkonzi wothandizira, akuthandizira pa ntchito zonse ziwiri za ku Canada Metalworking ndi Canadian Fabricating & Welding. Линдси Луминосо, помощник редактора, вносит свой вклад как в Canadian Metalworking, так и в Canadian Fabricating & Welding. Lindsey Luminoso, Mkonzi Wachiwiri, akuthandizira pa ntchito zachitsulo ku Canada komanso kupanga ndi kusonkha ku Canada.Lindsey Luminoso, Mkonzi Wothandizana, akuthandizira ku Metal Fabrication Canada ndi Fabrication and Welding Canada. Iye anali Mkonzi Wothandizana/Mkonzi wa pa Webusaiti ku Metal Fabrication Canada kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2016 ndipo posachedwapa anali Mkonzi Wothandizana mu Dipatimenti Yopanga Mapulani.
Luminoso ali ndi digiri ya Bachelor of Arts kuchokera ku Carleton University, digiri ya Bachelor of Education kuchokera ku University of Ottawa, ndi Graduate Certificate mu Books, Magazines, ndi Digital Publishing kuchokera ku Centennial College.
Khalani ndi chidziwitso cha nkhani zaposachedwa, zochitika ndi ukadaulo pazinthu zonse zachitsulo kuchokera m'makalata athu awiri a pamwezi olembedwa okha kwa opanga aku Canada!
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