Vanhu vanowanzotenga simbi isina ngura yakatogadzirwa kare, izvo zvinowedzera kuoma kwezvinhu izvo vashandisi vanofanira kufunga nezvazvo.
Kufanana nezvinhu zvakawanda, simbi isingatsvi ine zvakanakira nezvayakaipira zvakawanda. Simbi inoonekwa se "simbi isingatsvi" kana chiumbwa chacho chine 10.5% chromium, iyo inoumba oxide layer zvichiita kuti irambe iine acid uye ngura. Kuramba uku kunogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwechromium uye kuwedzera zvimwe zvinowedzera alloying.
Hunhu hwesimbi isina ngura, kusagadzirisa kwakawanda, kugara kwenguva refu uye kupedzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwenzvimbo zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kumaindasitiri akadai sekuvaka, fenicha, chikafu nezvinwiwa, zvekurapa nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinoda simba uye kuramba ngura kwesimbi.
Simbi isina ngura inowanzo kudhura kupfuura dzimwe simbi. Zvisinei, inopa mabhenefiti akasimba kana tichienzanisa nehuremu nekubvumira zvinhu zvakatetepa kupfuura zvemhando dzemazuva ano, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuchengetedza mari. Nekuda kwemutengo wayo wese, zvitoro zvinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinoshandisa maturusi akakodzera kudzivirira kutambisa mari yakawanda uye kugadzirisa patsva zvinhu izvi.
Simbi isina ngura inowanzoonekwa seisina kunaka kusanganisa nekuti inokurumidza kubvisa kupisa uye inoda kungwarira kukuru panguva yekupedzisa nekupukuta.
Kushanda nesimbi isingatsvinda kunowanzoda munhu ane ruzivo rwakakura rwekusanganisa simbi kana mushandi pane kushanda nesimbi yekabhoni, iyo inowanzova yakagadzikana. Kufara kwayo kunogona kuderedzwa nekuisa mamwe ma parameter, kunyanya pakusanganisa simbi isingatsvinda. Nekuda kwekudhura kwakanyanya kwesimbi isingatsvinda, zvine musoro kuti vashandi vane ruzivo rwakakura vaishandise.
"Vanhu vanowanzotenga simbi isingasvibi nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo," akadaro Jonathan Douville, mukuru wezvigadzirwa, R&D International, Walter Surface Technologies, Pointe-Claire, Que. "Vanhu vanowanzotenga simbi isingasvibi nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo," akadaro Jonathan Douville, mukuru wezvigadzirwa, R&D International, Walter Surface Technologies, Pointe-Claire, Que. «Люди обычно покупают нержавеющую сталь из-за ее отделки», — сказал Джонатан Доувиль, старший менеджер по продуктам R&D International, Walter Que-Cnologies Surface Technologies. "Vanhu vanowanzo tenga simbi isingasvibi kuti ipedzwe," akadaro Jonathan Douville, Senior Product Manager, R&D International, Walter Surface Technologies, Pointe-Claire, Que."Vanhu vanowanzotenga simbi isingasvibi kuti ipedzwe," anodaro Jonathan Douville, mukuru wezvekutsvagisa nekusimudzira kwenyika dzakawanda kuWalter Surface Technologies muPointe Claire, Quebec. "Izvi zvinowedzera zvirambidzo izvo vashandisi vanofanira kufunga nezvazvo."
Ingava iri jira remhando ye4 linear texture kana kuti girazi remhando ye8, mushandisi anofanira kuona kuti chinhu chacho chakanyatsonaka uye kuti jira racho harikuvadzi panguva yekubata nekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinogonawo kuderedza kugadzirira nekuchenesa, izvo zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakanaka.
“Paunenge uchishanda nechinhu ichi, chinhu chekutanga chekuita ndechekuona kuti chakachena, chakachena uye chakachena zvakare,” akadaro Rick Hathelt, Maneja wePFERD Area kuCanada, Ontario, Mississauga, Ontario. “Zvakakosha zvikuru kuve nechokwadi chekuti une mhepo yakachena (isina kabhoni) paunenge uchichenesa simbi isingatsvedzi kuti ubvise tsvina inogona kuzokonzera oxidation (ngura) uye kudzivirira passivation layer kuti isadzoke nekugadzira protective layer kuderedza oxidation.”
Pakushandisa simbi isingatsvi, zvinhu zvakasara pamwe chete nenharaunda zvinofanira kucheneswa. Kubvisa mafuta nepurasitiki kubva pazvinhu zvakanaka kutanga. Zvinosvibisa pasimbi isingatsvi zvinogona kukonzera oxidation, asi zvinogonawo kukonzera matambudziko panguva yekunamira uye kukonzera zvikanganiso. Saka, zvakakosha kuchenesa pamusoro usati waisa solder.
Nzvimbo yekushandira haisi nguva dzose yakachena uye kusvibiswa kunogona kuva dambudziko kana uchishanda nesimbi isina ngura nekabhoni. Kazhinji chitoro chine mafeni akawanda kana kushandisa ma air conditioner kutonhodza vashandi, izvo zvinogona kusundira tsvina pasi kana kukonzera kudonha kwemvura kana kuti kuungana kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoma kana zvidimbu zvesimbi isina ngura zvikafuridzirwa nesimbi isina ngura. Kuparadzanisa zvinhu izvi uye kuzvichengeta munzvimbo yakachena kwakakosha kana zvasvika pakunamira zvakanaka.
Zvakakosha kubvisa ruvara rwakasviba kuitira kuti ngura isaungane nekufamba kwenguva uye ideredze chimiro chose. Zvakanakawo kubvisa ruvara rwebhuruu kuti ruvara rwepamusoro ruenzane.
MuCanada, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze anotonhora zvakanyanya uye echando, zvakakosha kusarudza simbi isina ngura yakakodzera. Douville akatsanangura kuti zvitoro zvakawanda zvakatanga kusarudza 304 nekuda kwemutengo wayo. Asi kana chitoro chikashandisa chinhu ichi kunze, vanokurudzira kuti uchinje kuenda ku316 kunyangwe ichidhura zvakapetwa kaviri. 304 inogona kukuvadzwa nengura kana ikashandiswa kana kuchengetwa panze. Kunyangwe kana pamusoro payo pakacheneswa uye pasi passivation layer ikaumbwa, mamiriro ekunze anogona kushanda pamusoro, zvichiparadza pasi passivation layer uye pakupedzisira zvichikonzera ngura zvakare.
"Kugadzirira welding kwakakosha nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda zvakakosha," anodaro Gabi Miholix, Application Development Specialist, Abrasive Systems Division, 3M Canada, London, Ontario. "Kubvisa ngura, pendi uye mabhevel kwakakosha pakuwelding zvakanaka. Pamusoro peweld panofanira kunge pasina tsvina inogona kushayisa simba joinhi."
Hatelt anowedzera kuti kucheneswa kwenzvimbo kwakakosha, asi kugadzirira kwekugadzirisa simbi kunogona kusanganisirawo kupwanya simbi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti simbi yacho inonamira zvakanaka uye yakasimba.
Pakusanganisa simbi isingatsvi, zvakakosha kusarudza simbi yakakodzera yemhando iri kushandiswa. Simbi isingatsvi inonyanya kubatwa uye inoda kuti ma welds ave nechiratidzo chemhando imwe chete yezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, base metal 316 inoda filler metal 316. Vanosanganisa ma weld havangoshandisi chero rudzi rwesimbi yekuzadza, mhando yega yega yesimbi isingatsvi inoda filler chaiyo kuti inyatsobatanidza.
"Pakupinza simbi isingatsvi, muchina wekupinza anofanira kunyatsotarisa tembiricha," akadaro Michael Radaelli, maneja wezvigadzirwa zveNorton | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Worcester, Massachusetts. "Kune michina yakasiyana-siyana inogona kushandiswa kuyera tembiricha yesimbi iyi nechikamu ichipisa, nekuti kana paine mutswe musimbi isingatsvi, chikamu chacho chinoparadzwa zvachose."
Radaelli akawedzera kuti muchina wekunamira anofanira kuona kuti haagari panzvimbo imwe chete kwenguva yakareba. Kunamira kwesimbi dzakawanda inzira yakanaka yekuchengetedza substrate kuti isanyanya kupisa. Kunamira kwesimbi isina tsvina kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera kupisa kwakanyanya uye kutsemuka.
"Kubatanidza simbi isingasvibi kunogona kutora nguva yakareba, asi hunyanzvi hunodawo maoko ane hunyanzvi," akadaro Radaelli.
Kugadzirira mushure mekuweda kunoenderana nechinhu chekupedzisira uye kushandiswa kwacho. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, Miholix akatsanangura, weld haimboonekwi, saka kucheneswa kushoma mushure mekuweda kunodiwa, uye chero chinhu chinobuda pachena chinobviswa nekukurumidza. Kana weld ingangoda kuenzaniswa kana kucheneswa, asi hapana kugadzirira kwakakosha pamusoro kunodiwa. Kana kupedzisa zvakanaka kana girazi kuchidikanwa, matanho epamusoro ekupukuta anogona kudiwa. Zvinongoenderana nekushandiswa.
"Dambudziko harisi ruvara," akadaro Miholic. "Kuchinja kweruvara uku kunoratidza kuti hunhu hwesimbi hwachinja uye ikozvino hunogona kuita oxidize/ngura."
Kusarudza chishandiso chinoshandura kumhanya kwemuchina kunochengetedza nguva nemari uye kunobvumira mushandisi kugadzirisa muchina wacho.
Zvakakosha kubvisa ruvara rwakasviba kuitira kuti ngura isaungane nekufamba kwenguva uye ideredze chimiro chose. Zvakanakawo kubvisa ruvara rwebhuruu kuti ruvara rwepamusoro ruenzane.
Kuchenesa kunogona kukuvadza nzvimbo, kunyanya kana uchishandisa makemikari akasimba. Kuchenesa zvisirizvo kunogona kudzivirira kuumbwa kwechikamu chinonyungudika. Ndosaka nyanzvi dzakawanda dzichikurudzira kucheneswa kwezvikamu izvi zvakasungirirwa nemaoko.
“Nekuchenesa nemaoko, kana usingabvumire okisijeni kuti ishande pamusoro kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kana makumi mana nemasere, hauna nguva yekugadzira nzvimbo isina chinhu,” akadaro Douville. Akatsanangura kuti nzvimbo yacho inoda okisijeni kuti ishande nechromium iri mu alloy kuti igadzire pasi. Mune zvimwe zvitoro, zvakajairika kuchenesa, kurongedza zvikamu, uye kuzvitumira nekukurumidza, izvo zvinononotsa maitiro uye zvinowedzera njodzi yekuora.
Vagadziri nevanobatanidza simbi vanowanzo shandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, sezvambotaurwa, kushandisa simbi isingatsvi ine zvimwe zvinogumira. Kutora nguva yekuchenesa chikamu chacho idanho rekutanga rakanaka, asi zvakanaka chete kana zvasvika kune nharaunda yacho.
Hatelt akati ari kuramba achiona mabasa akasvibiswa. Chinokosha ndechekubvisa kuvapo kwekabhoni munzvimbo yekushanda yesimbi isingatsvi. Hazvishamisi kuti zvitoro zvinoshandisa simbi zvinoshandisa simbi isingatsvi zvisina kugadzirira zvakanaka nzvimbo yekushandira yechinhu ichi. Ichi chikanganiso, kunyanya kana vasingakwanise kuparadzanisa zvinhu zviviri izvi kana kutenga maturusi avo.
"Kana uine bhurashi rewaya rekukuya kana kugadzira simbi isingatsvi uye ukarishandisa pasimbi isingatsvi, hauchakwanise kushandisa simbi isingatsvi," akadaro Radaelli. "Mabhurashi aya ava nekabhoni nengura. Kana mabhurashi acho akasanganiswa, haagone kucheneswa."
Zvitoro zvinofanirwa kushandisa maturusi akasiyana pakugadzirira zvinhu, asi zvinofanirwawo kunyora mazita ezvishandiso se "simbi isina ngura chete" kudzivirira kusvibiswa kusingakoshi, akadaro Hatelt.
Mashopu anofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakawanda pakusarudza maturusi ekugadzira welding esimbi isingasvibi, kusanganisira nzira dzekubvisa kupisa, rudzi rwemineral, kumhanya, uye saizi yetsanga.
"Kusarudza chinhu chinobvisa kupisa chakaputirwa nesimbi inobvisa kupisa kutanga kwakanaka," akadaro Miholix. "Simbi isina ngura yakaoma zvikuru uye inogadzira kupisa kwakawanda pakukuya kupfuura simbi isina kusimba. Kupisa kunofanira kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo, saka pane chifukidziro chinobvumira kupisa kuyerera kusvika kumucheto kwedhisiki, pane kugara chaipo pauri kukuya. panguva iyoyo zvaive zvakanaka".
Sarudzo yeabrasive inoenderanawo nekuti magumo ese anofanira kutaridzika sei, anowedzera. Inonyatsoonekwa nemunhu ari kuona. Maminerari ealumina ari muabrasive ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzirisa. Kuti simbi isingatsvi iite sebhuruu pamusoro, mineral silicon carbide inofanira kushandiswa. Yakapinza uye inosiya zvidimbu zvakadzama zvinoratidza chiedza zvakasiyana, zvichiita kuti chive chebhuruu. Kana mushandi ari kutsvaga magumo chaiwo kana akasiyana, zvakanaka kutaura nemutengesi.
"RPM idambudziko guru," akadaro Hatelt. "Zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvinoda maRPM akasiyana uye zvinowanzo mhanya zvakanyanya. Kushandisa RPM chaiyo kunopa mhedzisiro yakanakisisa, zvese maererano nekukasira kwebasa uye maererano nemhando. Tsvaga kuti magumo aunoda uye kuti ungaayera sei."
Douville akawedzera kuti kuisa mari muzvishandiso zvekupedzisa zvinomhanya zvakasiyana-siyana inzira imwe yekugadzirisa matambudziko ekumhanya. Vashandi vazhinji vanoedza grinder yenguva dzose yekupedzisa, asi ine kumhanya kwakanyanya chete kwekucheka. Kupedza maitiro acho kunoda kudzikisa kumhanya. Kusarudza chishandiso chekupedzisa chinomhanya zvakasiyana-siyana kunochengetedza nguva nemari uye kunobvumira mushandi kugadzirisa kupedzisa.
Kutsvedza kwakakoshawo pakusarudza chinhu chinokwesha. Munhu anotanga nechinhu chinokwesha anofanira kutanga nechinhu chakanakira kushandiswa kwacho.
Kutanga ne grit ye60 kana 80 (yepakati), mushandisi anogona kusvika pa grit ye120 (yakanaka) uye grit ye220 (yakanaka kwazvo) nekukasika, zvichiita kuti simbi isina ngura ipedzise iri panzvimbo yechina.
"Zvinogona kutora matanho matatu chete," akadaro Radaelli. "Zvisinei, kana mushandi ari kubata nemidziyo mikuru, haakwanise kutanga negrit 60 kana 80 uye anogona kusarudza grit 24 (yakakombama zvikuru) kana 36 (yakakombama). Izvi zvinowedzera danho rekuwedzera uye zvinogona kuoma. bvisa mavanga akadzika muchinhu chacho."
Uyewo, kuwedzera spray kana gel inodzivisa kupfapfaidza kunogona kuva shamwari yepamwoyo yemuchina wekupfapfaidza, asi kazhinji hazvifungidzirwi pakupwanya simbi isingatsvi, Douville anodaro. Zvikamu zvakapfapfaidzwa zvinofanira kubviswa, izvo zvinogona kukwenya pamusoro, zvinoda mamwe matanho ekupwanya uye zvinotora nguva yakawanda. Danho iri rinogona kubviswa nyore nyore nesystem yekudzivirira kupfapfaidza.
Lindsay Luminoso, mupepeti wenyaya, anobatsira muCanadian Metalworking pamwe neCanadian Fabricating & Welding. Lindsay Luminoso, mupepeti wenyaya, anobatsira muCanadian Metalworking pamwe neCanadian Fabricating & Welding. Линдси Луминосо, помощник редактора, вносит свой вклад как в Canadian Metalworking, так и в Canadian Fabricating & Welding. Lindsey Luminoso, Mupepeti Mukuru, anobatsira muCanadian Metalworking pamwe neCanadian Fabricating & Welding.Lindsey Luminoso, Mupepeti Mukuru, anobatsira muMetal Fabrication Canada neFabrication and Welding Canada. Aive Mupepeti Mukuru/Mupepeti weWebhu kuMetal Fabrication Canada kubva muna 2014 kusvika 2016 uye munguva pfupi yapfuura aive Mupepeti Mukuru muDhipatimendi reKugadzira.
Luminoso ane dhigirii reBachelor of Arts kubva kuCarleton University, dhigirii reBachelor of Education kubva kuYunivhesiti yeOttawa, uye Graduate Certificate muBooks, Magazines, uye Digital Publishing kubva kuCentennial College.
Gara uchidzidza nezvenhau dzichangoburwa, zviitiko uye matekinoroji kubva munhau dzedu mbiri dzemwedzi nemwedzi dzakanyorerwa vagadziri vekuCanada chete!
Iye zvino nekuwana zvizere chinyorwa chedhijitari cheCanadian Metalworking, zviri nyore kuwana zviwanikwa zvinokosha zveindasitiri.
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