Abantu badla ngokuthenga insimbi engagqwali egqitywe ngaphambili, eyongeza ubunzima bezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngabaqhubi.
Njengezinto ezininzi, insimbi engenasici ineenzuzo ezininzi kunye nokungalunganga.Insimbi ithathwa njenge "insimbi engenasici" ukuba i-alloy iqulethe ubuncinane i-10.5% ye-chromium, eyenza i-oxide layer eyenza i-asidi kunye ne-corrosion resistant.Oku kuxhathisa ukubola kunokuphuculwa ngakumbi ngokunyusa umxholo wechromium kunye nokongeza izongezo ezongezelelweyo zealloying.
Iimpawu zezinto eziphathekayo "zensimbi engenasici", ukugcinwa okuphantsi, ukuqina kunye nokugqitywa kwezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zenza ukuba zilungele amashishini afana nokwakhiwa, ifenitshala, ukutya kunye nesiselo, unyango kunye nezinye izicelo ezininzi ezifuna amandla kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion yensimbi.
Intsimbi engenastainless idla ngokubiza kakhulu kunezinye iintsimbi.Nangona kunjalo, inika izibonelelo zokomelela ukuya kubunzima ngokuvumela izinto ezibhityileyo kunamabanga aqhelekileyo, nto leyo enokubangela ukongiwa kweendleko.Ngenxa yeendleko zayo zizonke, iivenkile kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba zisebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukunqanda inkcitho enexabiso eliphezulu nokusebenza ngokutsha kwesi sixhobo.
Insimbi engenasici ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengento enzima ukuyidibanisa ngenxa yokuba ikhupha ubushushu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifuna ukunakekelwa okukhulu ngexesha lokugqiba kunye namanyathelo okupolisha.
Ukusebenza ngensimbi engenasici ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna i-welder okanye umqhubi onamava ngakumbi kunokusebenza nge-carbon steel, ehlala izinzile.Ububanzi bayo bunokuncitshiswa ngokuzisa iiparamitha ezithile, ngakumbi xa i-welding.Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lensimbi engenasici, kunengqiqo ngakumbi kubaqhubi abanamava ukuba bayisebenzise.
"Abantu badla ngokuthenga insimbi engenasici ngenxa yokugqitywa kwayo," kusho uJonathan Douville, umphathi omkhulu wemveliso, i-R & D International, iWalter Surface Technologies, iPointe-Claire, Que. "Abantu badla ngokuthenga insimbi engenasici ngenxa yokugqitywa kwayo," kusho uJonathan Douville, umphathi omkhulu wemveliso, i-R & D International, iWalter Surface Technologies, iPointe-Claire, Que. «Люди обычно покупают нержавеющую сталь из-за ее отделки», — сказал Джонатан Доувиль, старший менеджер по продуктам R&D International, Walter Que-Clalogies Surface Technologies, Walter Point. "Abantu badla ngokuthenga insimbi engenasici ngokugqitywa kwayo," kusho uJonathan Douville, uMphathi oMkhulu weMveliso, i-R & D International, iWalter Surface Technologies, iPointe-Claire, Que."Abantu badla ngokuthenga insimbi engenasici ukugqiba kwayo," utshilo uJonathan Douville, umphathi ophezulu wophando lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nophuhliso kwiWalter Surface Technologies ePointe Claire, eQuebec."Oku kongeza imiqobo ekufuneka abasebenzi bayiqwalasele."
Ingaba ubukhulu be-4 i-linear texture coating okanye ubungakanani be-8 mirror finish, umqhubi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zinobumnene kwizinto eziphathekayo kwaye ukugquma awonakali ngexesha lokuphatha kunye nokucubungula.Inokukhawulelana nolungiselelo kunye neendlela zokucoca, ezibaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yenxalenye esemgangathweni.
"Xa usebenza ngale nto, into yokuqala ongayenza kukuqinisekisa ukuba icocekile, icocekile kwaye icocekile kwakhona," watsho uRick Hathelt, uMphathi weNgingqi wePFERD eCanada, eOntario, Mississauga, Ontario."Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqiniseke ukuba unomoya ococekileyo (ongenayo i-carbon) xa ucoca insimbi engenasici ukususa ukungcola okunokuthi kamva kubangele i-oxidation (i-rusting) kwaye ithintele i-passivation layer ukuba ibuyele ngokudala umaleko wokukhusela ukunciphisa i-oxidation.”
Xa usebenzisa insimbi engenasici, izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokusingqongileyo kufuneka zicocwe.Ukususa i-oyile kunye neentsalela zeplastiki kwizinto ezisisiqalo esihle.Ukungcola kwintsimbi engenasici kunokubangela i-oxidation, kodwa kunokubangela iingxaki ngexesha le-welding kwaye kubangele iziphene.Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukucoca umphezulu ngaphambi kokuba udibanise.
Indawo yokusebenzela ayisoloko icocekile kwaye i-cross-contamination ingaba yingxaki xa isebenza nge-stainless and carbon steel.Rhoqo ivenkile iqhuba iifeni ezininzi okanye isebenzisa izifudumezi-moya ukupholisa abasebenzi, nto leyo enokuthi ityhale izinto ezingcolisa umgangatho okanye ibangele ukuthontsiza okanye ukujiya kwakhiwe phezu kwemathiriyeli ekrwada.Oku kunzima ngakumbi xa amasuntswana entsimbi yekhabhoni evuthelwa kwintsimbi engatyiwayo.Ukwahlula ezi zixhobo kunye nokuzigcina kwindawo ecocekileyo kubalulekile xa kuziwa kwi-welding esebenzayo.
Kubalulekile ukususa i-discoloration ukuze umhlwa ungakhi ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye wenze buthathaka ukwakheka ngokubanzi.Kukwalungile ukususa ibluing ukuze ukhuphe umbala womphezulu.
ECanada, ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezibandayo kunye nobusika, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ibakala elifanelekileyo lensimbi engenasici.UDouville wachaza ukuba uninzi lweevenkile ekuqaleni zakhetha i-304 ngenxa yexabiso layo.Kodwa ukuba ivenkile yayiza kusebenzisa le mpahla ngaphandle, baya kuncoma ukutshintshela kwi-316 nangona ixabisa kabini.304 isesichengeni sokutya xa isetyenziswa okanye igcinwe ngaphandle.Nokuba umphezulu ucociwe kwaye i-passivation layer yenziwe, iimeko zangaphandle zinokuthi zisebenze phezu komhlaba, zitshabalalise i-passivation layer kwaye ekugqibeleni zibangele ukugqwala kwakhona.
"Ukulungiswa kwe-Welding kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezisisiseko," kusho uGabi Miholix, iNgcali yoPhuhliso lweSicelo, i-Abrasive Systems Division, i-3M Canada, eLondon, e-Ontario.“Ukususwa komhlwa, ipeyinti kunye neebevels kubalulekile ekutshiseni ngendlela efanelekileyo.Umphezulu we-weld kufuneka ungabinazingcolisi ezinokuwenza buthathaka ilungu.
I-Hatelt yongeza ukuba ukucocwa kwendawo kuyimfuneko, kodwa ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwe-weld kunokubandakanya ukuhlambalaza izinto ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunamathela okufanelekileyo kunye nokomelela kwe-weld.
Xa welding steel stainless, kubalulekile ukukhetha isinyithi esichanekileyo sokuzalisa kwibakala elisetyenziswayo.Insimbi engenasici inomdla kakhulu kwaye idinga ukuba i-welds iqinisekiswe ngohlobo olufanayo lwezinto eziphathekayo.Ngokomzekelo, isiseko sesinyithi se-316 sidinga i-filler metal 316. I-Welders ayikwazi nje ukusebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo lwetsimbi yokuzalisa, ibakala ngalinye lensimbi engenasici lifuna i-filler ethile ukuze idibanise ngokufanelekileyo.
"Xa i-welding steel stainless, i-welder kufuneka ibeke iliso kwiqondo lokushisa," kusho uMichael Radaelli, umphathi wemveliso weNorton |eSaint-Gobain Abrasives, eWorcester, Massachusetts."Zininzi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinokusetyenziswa ukulinganisa ubushushu be-weld kunye nenxalenye njengoko i-welder ishushu, kuba ukuba kuvela ukuqhekeka kwintsimbi engenasici, inxalenye iyatshatyalaliswa."
U-Radaelli wongezelela ukuba umshiseli kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba akahlali kwindawo enye ixesha elide.I-Multi-layer welding yindlela efanelekileyo yokugcina i-substrate ekugqithiseni.I-welding yexesha elide yesiseko sensimbi engenasici inokubangela ukuba ishushu kwaye iqhekeke.
"I-welding steel stainless ingathatha ixesha elide, kodwa bubugcisa obufuna izandla ezinezakhono," kusho uRadaelli.
Ukulungiswa kwe-post-weld ngokwenene kuxhomekeke kwimveliso yokugqibela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.Kwezinye iimeko, u-Miholix wachaza, i-weld ayibonakali, ngoko ke kufuneka ukucoca emva kwe-weld kuphela, kwaye nayiphi na i-spatter ebonakalayo isuswa ngokukhawuleza.Okanye i-weld inokufuna ukulinganiswa okanye ukucocwa, kodwa akukho kulungiswa okukhethekileyo okufunekayo.Ukuba ukugqiba okanye ukugqitywa kwesibuko kuyafuneka, amanyathelo angaphezulu okupolisha anokufuneka.Kuxhomekeke kwisicelo.
“Ingxaki ayingombala,” utshilo uMiholic."Oku kuguqulwa kombala kumphezulu kubonisa ukuba iipropathi zentsimbi zitshintshile kwaye ngoku zinokukhupha / ukurusa."
Ukukhetha isixhobo sokugqiba isantya esiguquguqukayo siya kusindisa ixesha kunye nemali kwaye uvumele umqhubi ukuba enze ngokwezifiso ukugqiba.
Kubalulekile ukususa i-discoloration ukuze umhlwa ungakhi ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye wenze buthathaka ukwakheka ngokubanzi.Kukwalungile ukususa ibluing ukuze ukhuphe umbala womphezulu.
Inkqubo yokucoca inokonakalisa indawo, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa imichiza enzima.Ukucocwa okungalunganga kunokuthintela ukubunjwa kwe-passivation layer.Yingakho iingcali ezininzi zincoma ukucocwa kwezandla zala malungu adibeneyo.
"Ngokucoca ngesandla, ukuba awuvumeli i-oksijini ukuba iphendule kunye ne-surface ye-24 okanye i-48 iiyure, awunayo ixesha lokudala indawo engabonakaliyo," kusho u-Douville.Wachaza ukuba umphezulu udinga i-oksijini ukusabela ngechromium kwi-alloy ukwenza umaleko wokudlula.Kwezinye iivenkile, kulisiko ukucoca, ukupakisha iinxalenye, kwaye uzithumele kwangoko, nto leyo icothisa inkqubo kwaye yonyusa umngcipheko wokurhwalala.
Abavelisi kunye neewelders ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzisa izinto ezininzi.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici kubeka imida ethile.Ukuthatha ixesha lokucoca inxalenye linyathelo lokuqala elilungileyo, kodwa lilungile njengendawo ekuyo.
UHatelt uthe usaqhubeka nokubona imisebenzi engcolisekileyo.Into ephambili kukuphelisa ubukho bekhabhoni kwindawo yokusebenza yensimbi engenasici.Akuqhelekanga ukuba iivenkile ezisebenzisa insimbi zitshintshele kwintsimbi engenasici ngaphandle kokulungiswa okufanelekileyo kwendawo yokusebenza kwesi sixhobo.Oku kuyimpazamo, ngakumbi ukuba abanako ukwahlula izinto ezimbini okanye bathenge izixhobo zabo.
"Ukuba une-brush yocingo yokugaya okanye ukulungiselela insimbi engenasici kwaye uyisebenzise kwi-carbon steel, awukwazi ukusebenzisa insimbi engenasici," kusho uRadaelli.“Iibhrashi ngoku zingcoliswe yikhabhoni nomhlwa.Ukuba iibrashi zingcolisekile, azinakucocwa.”
Iivenkile kufuneka zisebenzise izixhobo ezihlukeneyo zokulungiselela izinto eziphathekayo, kodwa kufuneka zibhale izixhobo "zensimbi engenasici kuphela" ukuphepha ukungcoliseka ngokungeyomfuneko, uHatelt uthe.
Iivenkile kufuneka ziqwalasele izinto ezininzi xa zikhetha izixhobo zokulungiselela insimbi engenasici, kubandakanywa iinketho zokulahla ubushushu, uhlobo lwamaminerali, isantya kunye nobukhulu bengqolowa.
“Ukukhetha i-abrasive echitha ubushushu sisiqalo esihle,” utshilo uMiholix.“Intsimbi engatyiwayo yomelele kwaye ivelisa ubushushu obuninzi xa isila kunentsimbi ethambileyo.Ubushushu kufuneka buhambe kwindawo ethile, ngoko kukho isambatho esivumela ukuba ubushushu buhambe ukuya kumda wediski, kunokuhlala kanye apho ugawula khona.ngelo xesha yayigqibelele”.
Ukukhethwa kwe-abrasive kwakhona kuxhomekeke kwindlela ukugqitywa okupheleleyo kufuneka kubonakale ngayo, uyongezelela.Ngenene ikwiliso lombukeli.Iiminerali ze-alumina kwi-abrasives yiyona ndlela ixhaphake kakhulu esetyenziswa kumanyathelo okugqiba.Ukwenza insimbi engenasici ibonakale iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumphezulu, kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-mineral silicon carbide.Ibukhali kwaye ishiya amanxeba anzulu abonisa ukukhanya ngokuhlukileyo, okwenza kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Ukuba umqhubi ujonge umphezulu othile okanye owohlukileyo, kungcono ukuthetha nomthengisi.
“I-RPM yingxaki enkulu,” utshilo uHatelt.“Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zifuna iiRPM ezahlukeneyo kwaye zihlala zibaleka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.Ukusebenzisa i-RPM echanekileyo kunika iziphumo ezingcono kakhulu, zombini ngokubhekiselele kwindlela umsebenzi owenziwa ngokukhawuleza ngayo kunye nomgangatho.Fumana oko ufuna ukugqibezela kunye nendlela yokuyilinganisa. "
UDouville wongeze ukuba utyalo-mali kwizixhobo eziguquguqukayo zokugqiba isantya yindlela enye yokusombulula iingxaki zesantya.Abaqhubi abaninzi bazama i-grinder eqhelekileyo yokugqiba, kodwa inesantya esiphezulu sokusika.Ukugqitywa kwenkqubo kufuna ukucotha.Ukukhetha isixhobo sokugqiba isantya esiguquguqukayo siya kusindisa ixesha kunye nemali kwaye uvumele umqhubi ukuba enze ngokwezifiso ukugqiba.
I-grit nayo ibalulekile xa ukhetha i-abrasive.Umsebenzisi kufuneka aqale ngeyona grit ilungileyo yesicelo.
Ukuqala nge-60 okanye i-80 grit (ephakathi), umqhubi unokutsibela kwi-grit ye-120 (elungileyo) kunye ne-220 grit (ehle kakhulu) ngokukhawuleza, enika isinyithi esingenasici kwindawo yesi-4.
“Inokuba ngamanyathelo amathathu,” utshilo uRadaelli."Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umqhubi ujongene ne-welds enkulu, akakwazi ukuqala nge-60 okanye i-80 grit kwaye unokukhetha i-24 (i-coarse kakhulu) okanye i-36 (i-coarse) grit.Oku kongeza inyathelo elongezelelweyo kwaye kunokuba nzima.susa imikrwelo enzulu kwizinto.”
Kwakhona, ukongeza i-anti-spatter spray okanye ijeli inokuba ngumhlobo osenyongweni we-welder, kodwa ihlala ingahoywa xa i-welding steel stainless steel, utshilo u-Douville.Iinxalenye ezitshisiweyo kufuneka zisuswe, ezinokukrazula umphezulu, zifuna amanyathelo angaphezulu kwesanti kwaye uthathe ixesha elide.Eli nyathelo linokupheliswa ngokulula ngenkqubo yokugada i-splash.
ULindsay Luminoso, umhleli onxulumeneyo, unegalelo kuzo zombini iCanadian Metalworking kunye neCanadian Fabricating & Welding. ULindsay Luminoso, umhleli onxulumeneyo, unegalelo kuzo zombini iCanadian Metalworking kunye neCanadian Fabricating & Welding. Линдси Луминосо, помощник редактора, вносит свой вклад как в Canadian Metalworking, так и в Canadian Fabricating & Welding. ULindsey Luminoso, uMhleli oDityanisiweyo, unegalelo kuzo zombini iCanadian Metalworking kunye neCanadian Fabricating & Welding.ULindsey Luminoso, uMhleli oDityanisiweyo, unegalelo kwiMetal Fabrication Canada kunye neFabrication kunye neWelding Canada.WayenguMhleli oDityanisiweyo / uMhleli weWebhu kwi-Metal Fabrication Canada ukusuka kwi-2014 ukuya kwi-2016 kwaye umva nje uMhleli oDityanisiweyo kwiSebe loYilo.
ULuminoso unesidanga soBugcisa kwiYunivesithi yaseCarleton, isidanga seMfundo kwiDyunivesithi yaseOttawa, kunye neSiqinisekiso sesiDanga esithweswe isidanga kwiiNcwadi, iimagazini, kunye neDigital Publishing evela kwiCentennial College.
Hlala unolwazi ngeendaba zamva nje, iminyhadala kunye nobuchwepheshe kuzo zonke iintsimbi ezivela kwiincwadana zethu zenyanga ezimbini ezibhalelwe ngokukodwa abavelisi baseKhanada!
Ngoku ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-Canadian Metalworking digital edition, ukufikelela lula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zeshishini.
Ngoku ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwedijithali kwi-Made in Canada kunye ne-Weld, unokufikelela ngokulula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zeshishini.
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