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Biofilm ni ikintu cyingenzi mu iterambere ry’indwara zidakira, cyane cyane iyo ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bibigizemo uruhare. Iki kibazo cyerekana ikibazo gikomeye ku baganga, kubera ko antibiyotike zisanzwe zishobora kurandura biyofilime ku rugero ruto cyane.Kwirinda ibinyabuzima bikomoka ku binyabuzima byatumye habaho uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwikira hamwe n’ibikoresho bishya. byagaragaye nk'imyenda myiza ya mikorobe. Muri icyo gihe, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya spray ikonje ryiyongereye kuko ari uburyo buboneye bwo gutunganya ibikoresho bitita ku bushyuhe. Igice cy’intego y’ubu bushakashatsi kwari ugutegura igitabo gishya cya antibacterial firime metallic ikirahuri kigizwe na ternary Cu-Zr-Ni ukoresheje tekinike ya mitiweli ikora ifu ya sherfike yubushuhe bwibikoresho bikonje bikoreshwa mubutaka buke bwa cohe. hamwe nikirahure cyibyuma byashoboye kugabanya cyane biofilm kumurima byibuze ibiti 1 ugereranije nicyuma.
Mu mateka y’umuntu, umuryango uwo ariwo wose washoboye gutegura no guteza imbere iyinjizwa ryibikoresho bishya byujuje ibisabwa byihariye, ibyo bikaba byaratumye imikorere irushaho kunozwa ndetse no gushyirwa ku rutonde mu bukungu bw’isi yose.Byahoraga biterwa n’ubushobozi bwa muntu bwo guteza imbere ibikoresho n’ibikoresho byo guhimba ndetse n’ibishushanyo mbonera byo guhimba ibikoresho no kuranga kugira ngo bigere ku nyungu mu buzima, uburezi, inganda, ubukungu, umuco n’izindi nzego kuva mu gihugu cyangwa mu karere kugera mu kindi gihugu. 2 Mu myaka 60, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresheje igihe cyabo kinini kugira ngo bibande ku kintu kimwe cy’ingenzi: gukurikirana ibikoresho bishya kandi bigezweho. Ubushakashatsi buherutse kwibanda ku kuzamura ireme n’imikorere y’ibikoresho bihari, ndetse no guhuza no guhimba ubwoko bushya bw’ibikoresho.
Kwiyongera kubintu bivangavanze, guhindura microstructure yibikoresho, hamwe no gukoresha tekiniki yubushyuhe, ubukanishi cyangwa thermo-mashini yatunganijwe byatumye habaho iterambere ryinshi mumiterere yubukanishi, imiti nubumubiri bwibikoresho bitandukanye bitandukanye.Ikindi kandi, kugeza ubu ibice bitarigeze byunvikana byahujwe neza kugeza magingo aya.Iyi mbaraga zidatezuka zabyaye umuryango mushya wibikoresho bishya, hamwe na nanocyambere, nanocanstan nanos Utudomo twa kwant, zeru-zipima, ibirahuri bya amorphous, hamwe na all-entropy alloys ni ingero zimwe gusa z ibikoresho byateye imbere byinjijwe mwisi kuva hagati yikinyejana gishize.Iyo gukora no guteza imbere ibivange bishya bifite imitungo isumba iyindi, haba mubicuruzwa byanyuma cyangwa mubyiciro biciriritse byibyakozwe, ikibazo cyo kuringaniza ibintu byose biva muburyo bwa tekinike. ibirahuri byuma, byavumbuwe.
Ibikorwa bye muri Caltech mumwaka wa 1960 byazanye impinduramatwara mubyuma bivangwa nicyuma mugihe yashushanyaga ibirahuri Au-25 kuri. ibirahuri byuma hafi ya byose byakozwe rwose ukoresheje bumwe muburyo bukurikira; .
MGs itandukanijwe no kubura gahunda ndende ya atome ijyanye na kristu, ikaba isobanura ibiranga kristu. Muri iyi si ya none, intambwe nini imaze guterwa mu bijyanye n’ibirahuri byuma. Ni ibikoresho bishya bifite ibintu bishimishije bidashimishije gusa muri fiziki y’ibihugu bikomeye, ahubwo binashyirwa mu bikorwa bya tekinoloji y’ubumenyi, ikorana buhanga n’ibintu byinshi bifatika. mubice bitandukanye. Bafite ibintu bimwe byingenzi; .
Imashini ivanga imashini (MA) 1,8 ni tekinike nshya, yatangijwe bwa mbere mu 19839 na Prof. CC Kock na bagenzi be. Bateguye ifu ya amorphous Ni60Nb40 mu gusya uruvange rw'ibintu byiza ku bushyuhe bw’ibidukikije hafi y’ubushyuhe bw’icyumba. Ubusanzwe, reaction ya MA ikorwa hagati yo guhuza ifu yibikoresho bya reaktori, mubisanzwe bikozwe mubyuma bitagira umuyonga mu ruganda rwumupira 10 (Igishusho 1a, b) .Kubera rero, ubwo buryo bwakoreshejwe muburyo bwa tekinike bwakoreshejwe mugutegura ifu ya amorphous / metallic ibirahuri bivangavanze hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi make, hamwe na 15,12,12,12,12 yakoreshejwe mugutegura sisitemu idasobanutse nka Cu-Ta17, hamwe no gushonga cyane gushonga nka sisitemu ya Al-inzibacyuho (TM; Zr, Hf, Nb na Ta) 18,19 na Fe-W20, idashobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe inzira zisanzwe zitegura.Ikindi kandi, MA ifatwa nkimwe mubikoresho bikomeye bya nanotehnide ya karubone, aside nitide ya nitride, nanocrystalline na nanocrystalline na nanocomplastine ya nanocrystalline; nanotubes, nanodiamonds, Nka stabilisation yagutse binyuze hejuru-hasi inzira 1 hamwe na metastable.
Igishushanyo cyerekana uburyo bwo guhimba bukoreshwa mugutegura Cu50 (Zr50 - xNix) icyuma cyuma (MG) coating / SUS 304 muri ubu bushakashatsi. Icyitegererezo kiboneye cyicyuma gisya cyerekana umuvuduko wumupira mugihe cyo gusya.Ibicuruzwa byanyuma byifu yabonetse nyuma yamasaha 50 byakoreshejwe mugutwika substrate ya SUS 304 hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa spray bukonje (d).
Iyo bigeze kubintu byinshi (substrates), ubwubatsi bwubutaka burimo gushushanya no guhindura isura (substrate) kugirango itange imico imwe nimwe yumubiri, iyimiti na tekiniki itari mubikoresho byumwimerere.Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kunozwa neza nubuvuzi bwubutaka burimo kurwanya abrasion, okiside na ruswa, coefficient de friction, bio-inertness, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, kugirango ubone amazina ya tekinike. inzira izwi cyane, igifuniko gisobanurwa gusa nkigice kimwe cyangwa byinshi byibikoresho byashyizwe mubukorikori hejuru yikintu kinini (substrate) gikozwe mubindi bikoresho. Kubwibyo, impuzu zikoreshwa mubice bimwe kugirango bigere kubintu bimwe na bimwe byifuzwa bya tekiniki cyangwa imitako, kimwe no kurinda ibikoresho biteganijwe guhuza imiti n’ibidukikije hamwe n’ibidukikije 23.
Kugirango ubike ibice bikwiye byo kurinda hejuru hamwe nubunini buri hagati ya micrometero nkeya (munsi ya micrometero 10-20) kugeza kuri micrometero zirenga 30 cyangwa na milimetero nkeya, uburyo bwinshi nubuhanga burashobora gukoreshwa.Muri rusange, uburyo bwo gutwikira bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: (i) uburyo bwo gutwikira amazi, harimo uburyo bwa elegitoronike, uburyo bwo gutwika amashanyarazi, hamwe na (ii) byumye, .
Biofilm isobanurwa nkimiryango ya mikorobe ifatanye ku buryo budasubirwaho kandi ikikijwe na polymers zidasanzwe zidasanzwe (EPS) .Imikorere ya biofilm ikuze cyane ishobora gutera igihombo kinini mu nganda nyinshi, harimo inganda z’ibiribwa, sisitemu y’amazi, hamwe n’ibidukikije byita ku buzima.Mu bantu, iyo biofilime ikuze, irenga 80% by’indwara ziterwa na mikorobe (harimo na Enterobacteriace). biofilm yavuzwe ko irwanya inshuro 1000 kurwanya antibiyotike ugereranije na selile ya bacterique planktonique, ifatwa nkikibazo gikomeye cyo kuvura.Ibikoresho byo gutwikira mikorobe biva mu bimera bisanzwe byakoreshejwe mu mateka.Nubwo ibikoresho nkibi bikunze kuba birimo ibintu byuburozi bishobora guteza abantu ibyago, 25.26 birashobora gufasha kwirinda kwanduza bagiteri no kwangiza ibintu.
Kurwanya indwara ya bagiteri kwivuza antibiyotike bitewe no gukora biofilm byatumye hakenerwa uburyo bunoze bwo kurwanya imiti igabanya ubukana bwa mikorobe ishobora gukoreshwa neza 27. amafaranga yagenwe.Ibi bigerwaho mugutezimbere ibikoresho bidasanzwe nka graphene / germanium28, diyama yumukara29 na ZnO-ikoporora diyama isa na karubone 30 irwanya bagiteri, ikoranabuhanga ryongera uburozi niterambere ryiterambere bitewe na biofilm ryaragabanutse cyane.Ikindi kandi, uburyo bwo kwanduza imiti mvaruganda butangwa cyane na virusi. Ingaruka ziterwa na mikorobe hejuru yububiko, buriwese afite aho agarukira agomba kwitabwaho mugihe ategura ingamba zo gusaba.
Ibicuruzwa kuri ubu ku isoko bibangamiwe nigihe gihagije cyo gusesengura no kugerageza ibifuniko birinda ibintu bikoresha ibinyabuzima.Isosiyete ivuga ko ibicuruzwa byabo bizaha abakoresha ibintu bifuza gukora; icyakora, ibi byabaye imbogamizi kubitsindira ryibicuruzwa kuri ubu ku isoko. Ibicuruzwa biva mu ifeza bikoreshwa mu bwinshi bw’imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi ubu iboneka ku baguzi.Ibicuruzwa byakozwe mu rwego rwo kurinda abakoresha ingaruka zishobora guterwa na mikorobe. ube umurimo utoroshye.Ibi ni ukubera ingaruka ziterwa n’ubuzima ndetse n’umutekano.Kuvumbura imiti igabanya ubukana itangiza abantu no kumenya uburyo bwo kuyishyira mu mitsi yo mu bwoko bwa substrate hamwe n’ubuzima buramba igihe kirekire ni intego ishakishwa cyane 38. gufatira hamwe (harimo no kurwanya ishyirwaho rya poroteyine hejuru) cyangwa kwica bagiteri ubangamira urukuta rw'akagari.
Icyibanze, gutwikira hejuru ni inzira yo gushyira urundi rwego hejuru yikintu kugirango uzamure imico ijyanye nubuso.Intego yo gutwikira hejuru ni uguhuza microstructure hamwe na / cyangwa ibice bigize agace kegereye ubuso bwibigize 39.
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Ubukonje bwa spray bukonje busangiye byinshi nuburyo busanzwe bwo gutera amashyanyarazi.Nyamara, hariho kandi ibintu bimwe byingenzi byingenzi bituma inzira yo gutera imbeho ikonje hamwe nibikoresho bya spray bikonje bidasanzwe. Ikoranabuhanga rya spray ikonje riracyari mu ntangiriro, ariko rifite ejo hazaza heza. Mubisabwa bimwe na bimwe, imiterere yihariye ya spray ikonje itanga inyungu nyinshi, gutsinda imbogamizi zisanzwe zikoreshwa muburyo bwo guteranya amashyanyarazi. ubu buryo bwo gutwikira gakondo ntibukwiriye kubikoresho byangiza ubushyuhe cyane nka nanocrystal, nanoparticles, amorphous na metallic ibirahure40, 41, 42. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo gutwika amashyanyarazi buri gihe byerekana urugero rwinshi rwa porotike na okiside. imbaraga1,39 (Igishusho 2b). Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo gutwikisha spray bikonje bifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya ruswa, imbaraga nyinshi nubukomezi, amashanyarazi menshi hamwe nubucucike bukabije41. Bitandukanye nibyiza byo gutunganya imiti ikonje, haracyari imbogamizi zo gukoresha ubwo buryo, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2b.Iyo gutwikira ifu yubutaka bwera nka Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO ifu ya ceramic / icyuma cya compte irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo byo gutwikira.Ni nako bigenda kubundi buryo bwo gutera amashyuza.
Urebye ko imirimo iriho igamije gukoresha ifu yikirahure y ibirahure nkibikoresho byo gutwikira mbisi, biragaragara ko gutera amashyanyarazi bisanzwe bidashobora gukoreshwa kubwiyi ntego.Ibi ni ukubera ko ifu yikirahure yibirahure ifata ubushyuhe bwinshi1.
Ibyinshi mu bikoresho bikoreshwa mu nganda z’ubuvuzi n’ibiribwa bikozwe mu byuma bya austenitike bitagira umuyonga (SUS316 na SUS304) bifite chromium iri hagati ya 12 na 20 wt% yo gukora ibikoresho byo kubaga.Biremewe muri rusange ko gukoresha ibyuma bya chromium nkibintu bivangavanze mu byuma byangiza, nubwo bitarimo ibyuma byangiza cyane. imitungo 38,39.Ibi bitandukanye no kurwanya kwangirika kwabo.Nyuma yibi, iterambere ryubwandu n’umuriro rishobora guhanurwa, ibyo bikaba biterwa ahanini no gufatira kwa bagiteri no gukoronizwa hejuru y’ibinyabuzima bitagira umwanda. Ingorane zikomeye zishobora kuvuka kubera ingorane zikomeye ziterwa no gufatira kwa bagiteri ndetse n’inzira zangiza ubuzima, zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima, bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima, bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima, bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu.
Ubu bushakashatsi nicyiciro cya mbere cyumushinga uterwa inkunga na Fondasiyo ya Koweti ishinzwe guteza imbere ubumenyi (KFAS), Amasezerano No 2010-550401, kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza ku buryo bwo gukora ifu y’ibirahure Cu-Zr-Ni ifu y’ikoranabuhanga ryifashishwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya MA (Imbonerahamwe 1) kugira ngo hakorwe filimi ya antibacterial / SUS304 izatangira gukurikiranwa na elegitoronike. imiterere ya sisitemu muburyo burambuye.Ibizamini birambuye bya mikorobi bizakorwa kubwoko butandukanye bwa bagiteri.
Muri iyi nyandiko, ingaruka ziterwa na Zr alloying element ku bushobozi bwo gukora ibirahure (GFA) zaganiriweho hashingiwe ku miterere ya morfologiya n’imiterere. Byongeye kandi, imiterere ya antibacterial yibirahuri byifu y’ibirahure / SUS304 na byo byaganiriweho. Byongeye kandi, imirimo iriho ubu yarakozwe kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza ku buryo bwo guhindura imiterere y’ifu y’ibirahure ikorerwa mu nganda zanduye zikozwe mu turere twinshi. Cu50Zr30Ni20 na Cu50Zr20Ni30 ibyuma byifashishwa byikirahure byakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi.
Muri iki gice, impinduka zijyanye na morfologiya yifu ya Cu, Zr na Ni mu gusya kwingufu zingufu zumuriro ziratangwa.Nkurugero rwerekana ingero, sisitemu ebyiri zitandukanye zigizwe na Cu50Zr20Ni30 na Cu50Zr40Ni10 zizakoreshwa nkurugero ruhagarariye. Inzira ya MA irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu bitandukanye, nkuko bigaragazwa nicyuma cyerekana ifu yakozwe mugihe cyo gusya (Ishusho 3).
Ibiranga ibyuma byerekana ifu ya mashini (MA) yabonetse nyuma yicyiciro gitandukanye cyigihe cyo gusya imipira. Amashanyarazi yoherejwe na microscopi ya electron (FE-SEM) amashusho ya MA na Cu50Zr40Ni10 yabonetse nyuma yumupira muto wo gusya inshuro 3, 12 na 50 h yerekanwe muri (a), (c) na (e) kuri sisitemu ya Cu50Zr20Ni30, mugihe cya Cu50Zr20Ni30. zerekanwa muri (b), (d) na (f).
Mugihe cyo gusya imipira, ingufu za kinetic zishobora kwimurirwa mu ifu yicyuma ziterwa no guhuza ibipimo, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1a.Ibi birimo kugongana hagati yimipira nifu, kogosha ifu yometse hagati cyangwa hagati yibitangazamakuru bisya, ingaruka zumupira ugwa, kogosha no kwambara bitewe no gukurura ifu hagati yimashini isya imipira, hamwe nudukingirizo twinshi twanyuze mu mipaka ya ZE (Ishusho ya 1). yahinduwe kubera gusudira gukonje hakiri kare ya MA (3 h), bikavamo uduce twinshi twa poro (> mm 1 ya diametre) .Iyi ntera nini yibumbiye hamwe irangwa no gushiraho ibice byimbitse byibintu bivangavanze (Cu, Zr, Ni), nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3a, b. .
Ku ndunduro yimikorere ya MA (nyuma ya 50 h), metallografiya ya flake yagaragaye gusa (Ishusho 3e, f), ariko hejuru yifu ya poro yerekanaga indorerwamo metallografiya.Ibyo bivuze ko inzira ya MA yarangiye kandi hashyizweho icyiciro kimwe cya reaction cyabaye.Ibice by'ibanze by'uturere twerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 3e (I, II, III), f. (FE-SEM) ihujwe no gukwirakwiza ingufu za X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (IV).
Imbonerahamwe ya 2, ibice byibanze byibintu bivangwa byerekanwe nkijanisha ryuburemere bwuburemere bwa buri karere katoranijwe ku gishushanyo cya 3e, f. kwangirika gukabije cyangwa guhindagurika mubigize buri cyitegererezo kuva mukarere kamwe mukindi.Ibi bigaragazwa nuko nta gihinduka mubigize kuva mukarere kamwe mukindi.Ibi byerekana umusaruro wifu ya pome ya alogene, nkuko bigaragara mumbonerahamwe 2.
FE-SEM micrografi yibicuruzwa byanyuma Cu50 (Zr50 - xNix) byabonetse nyuma yincuro 50 MA, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4a - d, aho x ari 10, 20, 30 na 40 kuri.
Ibiranga Morphologiya biranga ifu ya Cu50 (Zr50 - xNix) yabonetse nyuma yigihe cya MA cya 50 h.Ku Cu50Zr40Ni10, Cu50Zr30Ni20, Cu50Zr20Ni30, Cu50Zr10Ni40, amashusho ya FE-SEM yifu yabonetse nyuma yinshuro 50 MA yerekanwe muri (a), (b), (c), (c),
Mbere yo gupakira ifu mumashanyarazi akonje, babanje gukorerwa muri etanol yo mu cyiciro cya analytike muminota 15 hanyuma bakumishwa kuri 150 ° C mumasaha 2.Iyi ntambwe igomba guterwa kugirango barwanye agglomeration ikunze gutera ibibazo byinshi byingenzi mugikorwa cyo gutwikira.Nyuma ya MA yarangiye, hakozwe ubundi buryo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi kugirango bahuze uburinganire bwamavuta ya soya. Cu, Zr na Ni ibintu bivangavanga bya Cu50Zr30Ni20 byabonetse nyuma yisaha ya 50 h ya M, bikwiriye. Twibuke ko ifu yivanze yakozwe nyuma yiyi ntambwe ari imwe kuko itagaragaza ihindagurika ryibintu birenze urwego rwa sub-nanometero, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5.
Morphologiya no gukwirakwiza ibice byifu ya MG Cu50Zr30Ni20 yabonetse nyuma yinshuro 50 MA na FE-SEM / gukwirakwiza ingufu za X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
Imiterere ya XRD ya Cu50Zr40Ni10, Cu50Zr30Ni20, Cu50Zr20Ni30 na Cu50Zr20Ni30 ifu yabonetse nyuma yigihe cya MA ya 50 h irerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 6a - d.
Imiterere ya XRD ya (a) Cu50Zr40Ni10, (b) Cu50Zr30Ni20, (c) Cu50Zr20Ni30 na (d) ifu ya Cu50Zr20Ni30 nyuma ya MA igihe cya 50 h.Ingero zose zitarinze kwerekana uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza halo, bivuze ko hashyizweho icyiciro cya amorphous.
Imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere ikwirakwiza mikorosikopi ya elegitoronike (FE-HRTEM) yakoreshejwe mu kureba impinduka zishingiye ku miterere no gusobanukirwa imiterere y’ifu y’ifu ituruka ku gusya umupira mu bihe bitandukanye bya MA. . kubura icyiciro cya reaction.
Imiterere yimiterere yifu ya MA yabonetse nyuma yicyiciro cya mbere (6 h) nicyiciro cya 18 (h) hagati.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 7c, kwagura igihe cya MA kugeza kuri 18 h byaviriyemo ubusembwa bukabije bwa lattice bufatanije no guhindura imiterere ya plastike.Muri iki cyiciro giciriritse cyibikorwa bya MA, ifu yerekana inenge zitandukanye, zirimo amakosa yo gutondekanya, inenge ya lattice, nudusembwa twa point (Igicapo 7) .Iyi nenge itera ibinyampeke binini bigabanywa ku mbibi zabyo munsi ya 7c).
Imiterere yaho ya Cu50Z30Ni20 yasya mugihe cya 36 h MA ifite ishingwa rya nanograine ultrafine yashyizwe muri matrike nziza ya amorphous, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8a. Isesengura ry’ibanze rya EDS ryerekanye ko izo nanoclusters zerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 8a zifitanye isano na Cu, Zr na Ni ifu ivanze n’ibice bya Cu% (%). agace), byerekana ishingwa ryibicuruzwa bitavanze.Ikindi kandi, SADPs ihuye nifu yifu yabonetse nyuma yo gusya muriki cyiciro yerekana impeta ya halo-ikwirakwiza impeta yibanze nayisumbuye yicyiciro cya amorphous, igahuzagurika hamwe ningingo zikarishye zijyanye nibintu bivangavanze, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8b.
Kurenga 36 h-Cu50Zr30Ni20 ifu ya nanoscale imiterere yimiterere yaho.
Hafi yimpera yimikorere ya MA (50 h), Cu50 (Zr50 - xNix), X; Ifu 10, 20, 30 na 40 kuri. ibyiciro bya amorphous mubicuruzwa byanyuma.
Imiterere yibanze yibicuruzwa byanyuma bya sisitemu ya MG Cu50 (Zr50 - xNix).
Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wubushyuhe bwikirahure (Tg), akarere gashushe amazi (ΔTx) hamwe nubushyuhe bwa kristallisation (Tx) nkigikorwa cya Ni (x) ya sisitemu ya amorphous Cu50 (Zr50 - xNix) yakozweho ubushakashatsi hakoreshejwe Calranimetry itandukanye (DSC) yumutungo uri munsi ya gazi. ifu ya amorphous alloy yabonetse nyuma yigihe cya MA ya 50 h irerekanwa kumashusho 10a, b, e, mugihe mugihe DSC umurongo wa amorphous Cu50Zr20Ni30 yerekanwe ukwayo kumashusho 10c.Mu gihe, icyitegererezo cya Cu50Zr30Ni20 gishyushye kugeza kuri 700 ° C muri DSC cyerekanwe kumashusho 10d.
Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa Cu50 (Zr50 - xNix) Ifu ya MG yabonetse nyuma yigihe cya MA ya 50 h, nkuko byerekanwe nubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho yikirahure (Tg), ubushyuhe bwa kristu (Tx), hamwe nubutaka bwamazi (ΔTx) .Ibikoresho bya skaneri ya Calorimeter (DSC) thermogrammes za (a) Cu50Zr40Ni10r (30) Cu) na (e) Cu50Zr10Ni40 MG ifu yifu ya MG nyuma yigihe cya MA ya 50 h.Icyerekezo cya X-ray itandukanya (XRD) icyitegererezo cya Cu50Zr30Ni20 cyashyutswe kugeza kuri 700 ° C muri DSC kirerekanwa muri (d).
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 10, umurongo wa DSC wibihimbano byose hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa Ni butandukanye (x) bwerekana imanza ebyiri zitandukanye, imwe ya endothermic nindi ya exothermic.Icyabaye cyambere endothermic ihuye na Tg, mugihe icya kabiri gifitanye isano na Tx. Agace ka horizontal kari hagati ya Tg na Tx kitwa akarere k’amazi gatemba (ΔTx = Tx - Tg40). . Cu50Zr40Ni10 alloy, byagaragaye kandi ko indangagaciro za Tg, Tx na ΔTx zagabanutse kugera ku rwego rwa 447 ° C, 526 ° C na 79 ° C (Igicapo 10b) .Ibi byerekana ko kwiyongera kw'ibirimo Ni bituma habaho kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bw'umuriro wa MG.50 bitandukanye na MG Cu50Z. Cu50Zr40Ni10; nubwo bimeze bityo, Tx yayo yerekana agaciro kagereranijwe nicyambere (612 ° C) .Nuko rero, ΔTx yerekana agaciro kari hejuru (87 ° C), nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 10c.
Sisitemu ya MG Cu50 (Zr50 - xNix), ifata urugero MG MG5050r 10d), yashyutswe kugeza kuri 700 ° C muri DSC.
Igicapo 11 kirerekana amafoto yafashwe mugihe c'imvura ikonje ikorwa mumirimo iriho.Muri ubu bushakashatsi, ibice by'ibirahuri bimeze nk'ifu y'ifu ya sintezeze nyuma yigihe cya MA ya 50 h (gufata Cu50Zr20Ni30 nk'urugero) byakoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho fatizo bya antibacterial, kandi isahani y'icyuma idafite ingese (SUS304) yashizwemo uburyo bwo gutera imiti mu buryo bwa tekiniki kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki. metastable ubushyuhe bwibikoresho byoroshye nka amorphous na nanocrystalline ifu, bitagomba guhinduka mugice .Iki nikintu nyamukuru muguhitamo ubu buryo. Inzira yo gutera imbeho ikorwa hifashishijwe ibice byihuta cyane bihindura ingufu za kinetic yibice byahinduwe na plastike, imbaraga hamwe nubushyuhe ku ngaruka ziterwa na substrate cyangwa mbere yabitswe.
Amafoto yo mu murima yerekana uburyo bukonje bwa spray bukoreshwa muburyo butanu bukurikiranye bwo gutegura MG / SUS 304 kuri 550 ° C.
Ingufu za kinetic zingingo, bityo umuvuduko wa buri kintu muburyo bwo gutwikira, ugomba guhindurwa mubundi buryo bwingufu binyuze muburyo bwo guhindura ibintu bya plastike (ibice byambere hamwe nuduce duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto duto) nyuma yingaruka. Byerekanwe ko 90% yingufu zingaruka zikoreshwa mubice / substrate bihinduka mubushyuhe bwaho 40 .Ikindi kandi, iyo impagarara zashyizwe mubikorwa, igipimo cyinshi cya plastike kigerwaho mugace kahuye / agace ka substrate mugihe gito cyane 41,42.
Ihindagurika rya plastike muri rusange rifatwa nk'inzira yo gukwirakwiza ingufu, cyangwa cyane cyane, isoko y'ubushyuhe mu karere kavukire.Nyamara, kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe mu karere k’imiterere ihuza ubusanzwe ntibihagije kugira ngo habeho gushonga hagati cyangwa gutera imbere cyane kwa interineti.
BFI ya MG Cu50Zr20Ni30 ifu yivanze irashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo cya 12a, yashizwe hejuru kuri substrate ya SUS 304 (Isanamu 11, 12b) .Nkuko bigaragara kuri iyo shusho, ifu yometseho igumana imiterere yambere ya amorphous kuko ifite imiterere ya labyrint idafite ibimenyetso byerekana ko hari ibice byerekana ko ari ntangarugero. muri matrix yometse kuri MG (Igicapo 12a) .Figure 12c yerekana ishusho yerekana itandukanyirizo rya nanobeam (NBDP) ifitanye isano nakarere ka I (Igicapo 12a) .Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 12c, NBDP yerekana intege nke zo gukwirakwiza halo yimiterere ya amorphous hamwe no kubana hamwe nuduce twinshi twa CuC. okiside ya poro mugihe ugenda uva muri nozzle yimbunda ya spray ukagera kuri SUS 304 mukirere gikinguye munsi ya supersonic.Kurundi ruhande, devisifisation ya porojeri y ibirahuri byuma byagezweho hashyizweho ibyiciro binini nyuma yo kuvura imiti ikonje kuri 550 ° C muminota 30.
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Kugirango hamenyekane ubwo buryo bushoboka bwo gushiraho cubic nini ya Zr2Ni nanoparticles, hakozwe ubushakashatsi bwigenga.Muri ubu bushakashatsi, ifu yatewe mu mbunda ya spray kuri 550 ° C mu cyerekezo cya SUS 304; icyakora, kugirango basobanure ingaruka zifata ifu, bavanywe kumurongo wa SUS304 byihuse bishoboka (amasegonda 60) .Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakorewe aho ifu yakuwe muri substrate nyuma yamasegonda 180 nyuma yo kuyashyira.
Igishushanyo cya 13a, b cyerekana amashusho yumurima wijimye (DFI) yabonetse mugusikana kwanduza microscopi electronique (STEM) yibikoresho bibiri byatewe byashyizwe kuri substrate ya SUS 304 kuri s 60 na 180 s 14a.Ibi byerekana ko nta mvura igwa / mesofase, aho ifu igumana imiterere yambere ya amorphous.Ibinyuranye, ifu yatewe ku bushyuhe bumwe (550 ° C), ariko igasigara kuri substrate kuri s 180, yerekanaga imvura yaguye ingano nini, nkuko bigaragara ku myambi iri ku gishushanyo cya 13b.