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Ma biofilms ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa matenda osachiritsika, makamaka ngati zida zachipatala zikukhudzidwa.Vutoli limapereka vuto lalikulu kwa azachipatala, chifukwa maantibayotiki okhazikika amatha kungochotsa ma biofilms pamlingo wocheperako.Kupewa kupanga mapangidwe a biofilm kwapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zosiyanasiyana zokutira ndi zinthu zatsopano.Njirazi cholinga chake ndi kuvala pamwamba m'njira yomwe imalepheretsa kupanga magalasi a melloystal, tipper ndi tipper. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopopera kuzizira kwawonjezeka chifukwa ndi njira yabwino yopangira zinthu zosagwirizana ndi kutentha. Gawo la cholinga cha phunziroli linali kupanga buku la antibacterial filimu lazitsulo lazitsulo lopangidwa ndi ternary Cu-Zr-Ni pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira mawotchi. zitsulo pamwamba pa kutentha otsika.Substrates yokutidwa ndi zitsulo galasi adatha kuchepetsa kwambiri biofilm mapangidwe ndi osachepera chipika 1 poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
M'mbiri yonse ya anthu, gulu lililonse latha kupanga ndi kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwazinthu zatsopano zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zake, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ntchito zitheke bwino komanso kusanja pachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi1. Zakhala zikudziwika chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa anthu kupanga zida ndi zida zopangira ndi mapangidwe azinthu zopangira zida ndi mawonekedwe kuti akwaniritse bwino thanzi, maphunziro, mafakitale, zachuma, chikhalidwe ndi magawo ena mosasamala kanthu za dziko kapena dera lina. 2 Kwa zaka 60, asayansi a zinthu zakuthupi athera nthawi yawo yambiri akuganizira kwambiri chinthu chimodzi chachikulu: kufunafuna mabuku atsopano ndi zipangizo zamakono.
Kuwonjezera kwa alloying elements, kusinthidwa kwa microstructure yakuthupi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira kutentha, makina kapena thermo-mechanical processing zapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu kwa makina, mankhwala ndi thupi la zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana. Materials2.Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, nanotubes, quantum dots, zero-dimensional, amorphous metallic glasses, and high-entropy alloys ndi zitsanzo chabe za zipangizo zamakono zomwe zinayambika padziko lapansi kuyambira pakati pa zaka zapitazo. pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zopangira kuti apatukane kwambiri, gulu latsopano la ma alloys osasunthika, omwe amadziwika kuti magalasi azitsulo, apezeka.
Ntchito yake ku Caltech mu 1960 inabweretsa kusintha kwa malingaliro azitsulo zazitsulo pamene adapanga magalasi Au-25 pa.% Si alloys ndi kulimbitsa madzi mofulumira pafupifupi madigiri milioni pa sekondi imodzi. maphunziro oyambirira a upainiya mu kaphatikizidwe ka aloyi a MG, pafupifupi magalasi onse azitsulo apangidwa kwathunthu pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa njira zotsatirazi; (i) kulimba kwachangu kwa kusungunuka kapena nthunzi, (ii) kusokonezeka kwa ma atomiki a lattice, (iii) kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu pakati pa zinthu zazitsulo zoyera, ndi (iv) kusintha kwamphamvu kwa magawo osinthika.
Ma MG amasiyanitsidwa ndi kusowa kwawo kwa dongosolo la atomiki lalitali lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi makhiristo, lomwe ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha makristasi. M'dziko lamasiku ano, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika m'munda wazitsulo zamagalasi. Iwo ndi zinthu zatsopano zokhala ndi zinthu zosangalatsa zomwe zili ndi chidwi osati mufizikiki yolimba, komanso zitsulo, chemistry yapamwamba, ukadaulo, zowonetsa zamitundu yambiri yazitsulo. ndi chidwi phungu kwa ntchito zaumisiri zosiyanasiyana fields.They zina zofunika katundu; (i) high mechanical ductility ndi mphamvu zokolola, (ii) mkulu maginito permeability, (iii) low coercivity, (iv) zachilendo dzimbiri kukana, (v) kutentha kudziimira pawokha The conductivity wa 6,7.
Mechanical alloying (MA) 1,8 ndi njira yatsopano, yomwe inayamba mu 19839 ndi Prof. CC Kock ndi anzake. Iwo anakonza ufa wa amorphous Ni60Nb40 pogaya osakaniza a zinthu zoyera pa kutentha kozungulira pafupi kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa chipinda. Childs, ndi MA anachita ikuchitika pakati diffusous lumikiza wa reactant zinthu ufa mu riyakitala, kawirikawiri zopangidwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mu mphero 10 (mkuyu 1a, b) mills11,12,13,14,15, 16. Makamaka, njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera machitidwe osakanikirana monga Cu-Ta17, komanso ma alloys apamwamba osungunuka monga Al-transition metal systems (TM; Zr, Hf, Nb ndi Ta) 18,19 ndi Fe-W20 , yomwe siingakhoze kuchitidwa ndi njira imodzi yamphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito njira ya MAF. zida nanotechnology yokonza mafakitale-ang'ono nanocrystalline ndi nanocomposite ufa particles wa zitsulo oxides, carbides, nitrides, hydrides, mpweya nanotubes, nanodiamonds, Komanso yotakata kukhazikika kudzera pamwamba-pansi njira 1 ndi magawo metastable.
Schematic yosonyeza njira yopangira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera Cu50(Zr50−xNix) zokutira zachitsulo (MG)/SUS 304 mu phunziroli.(a) Kukonzekera kwa MG aloyi ufa ndi osiyanasiyana Ni concentrations x (x; 10, 20, 30 ndi 40 pa.%) pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yochepa mpira mpira mu chida choyambira ndi chitsulo mphero (a) chitsulo choyambira ndi chida choyambira. mipira, ndipo (b) amasindikizidwa mu bokosi la glove lodzazidwa ndi He atmosphere.(c) Chitsanzo chowonekera cha chotengera chogaya chosonyeza kuyenda kwa mpira panthawi yopera.Chotsatira chomaliza cha ufa chomwe chinapezedwa pambuyo pa maola 50 chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba gawo lapansi la SUS 304 pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopopera yozizira (d).
Pankhani ya zinthu zochulukirapo (magawo), uinjiniya wapamtunda umaphatikizapo kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa malo (magawo) kuti apereke mikhalidwe ina yakuthupi, mankhwala ndi luso lomwe silili muzinthu zochulukirapo zoyambira. Zina zomwe zitha kusinthidwa bwino ndi chithandizo chapamwamba zimaphatikizira kukana abrasion, oxidation and corrosion resistance, coefficient of friction, bio-inertness and name in the few electrical properties, kusungunula katundu wamagetsi, kusungunula kwapang'onopang'ono. Monga njira yodziwika bwino, zokutira zimangotanthauzidwa ngati gawo limodzi kapena zingapo zazinthu zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba pa chinthu chochuluka (gawo lapansi) lopangidwa ndi chinthu china.Motero, zokutira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapang'onopang'ono kukwaniritsa luso linalake kapena zokongoletsa zomwe zimafunikira, komanso kuteteza zida kuzinthu zomwe zimayembekezeredwa ndi chilengedwe chozungulira23.
Kuti muyike zigawo zoyenera zotetezera pamwamba zokhala ndi ma micrometer ochepa (pansi pa 10-20 micrometer) mpaka ma micrometer opitirira 30 kapena mamilimita ochepa, njira zambiri ndi njira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. surfacing , physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), matenthedwe kupopera njira ndi posachedwapa ozizira kupopera njira 24 (mkuyu. 1d).
Ma biofilms amatanthauzidwa ngati magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amamangiriridwa pamtunda komanso atazunguliridwa ndi ma polima opangidwa okha (EPS). Kupanga kwa biofilm okhwima kwambiri kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'magawo ambiri a mafakitale, kuphatikizapo mafakitale a chakudya, machitidwe a madzi, ndi malo osamalira thanzi. Staphylococci) ndizovuta kuchiza.Kuonjezera apo, ma biofilms okhwima akhala akudziwika kuti ndi 1000 nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ndi mankhwala opha maantibayotiki poyerekeza ndi maselo a bakiteriya a planktonic, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi vuto lalikulu lachirengedwe.Zinthu zophimba pamwamba za antimicrobial zochokera kumagulu ochiritsira zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale. kufala kwa mabakiteriya ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu.
Kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya ku mankhwala opha tizilombo chifukwa cha mapangidwe a biofilm kwachititsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kokhala ndi antimicrobial membrane-coated surface yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino27.Kukula kwa thupi kapena mankhwala odana ndi mabakiteriya omwe amalepheretsa maselo a bakiteriya kumanga ndi kupanga biofilms chifukwa chomamatira ndi njira yoyamba mu ndondomekoyi yomwe imapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda 27. ndendende kumene akufunikira, mu ndalama zokhazikika komanso zogwirizana. Izi zimatheka popanga zipangizo zokutira zapadera monga graphene/germanium28, diamondi yakuda29 ndi ZnO-doped diamond-monga carbon coatings30 zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi mabakiteriya, teknoloji yomwe imachulukitsa Poizoni ndi chitukuko cha kukana chifukwa cha mapangidwe a biofilm omwe amaphatikizana kwambiri, amachepetsedwa kwambiri. pamwamba kuti apereke chitetezo cha nthawi yaitali kuchokera ku kuipitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya akukhala otchuka kwambiri.Ngakhale kuti njira zonse zitatu zimatha kutulutsa zotsatira zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pazitsulo zowonongeka, aliyense ali ndi malire ake omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa popanga njira zogwiritsira ntchito.
Zogulitsa zomwe zili pamsika pano zimalepheretsedwa ndi nthawi yosakwanira yosanthula ndikuyesa zokutira zoteteza zazinthu zokhala ndi biologically. komabe, izi zakhala zolepheretsa kupambana kwa zinthu zomwe zili pamsika panopa.Zomwe zimachokera ku siliva zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu ambiri a mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe tsopano akupezeka kwa ogula.Zogulitsazi zimapangidwira kuteteza ogwiritsa ntchito ku zotsatira zowopsa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Kuchedwa kwa antimicrobial effect ndi toxicity yogwirizana ndi siliva mankhwala kumawonjezera kukakamiza kwa ofufuza kuti apange njira ina yowononga 37 yowononga dziko lonse lapansi. m'nyumba ndi kunja zikuwonekerabe kuti ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri.Izi ndi chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi thanzi ndi chitetezo.Kupeza mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe sakhala ovulaza kwambiri kwa anthu ndi kulingalira momwe angaphatikizire muzitsulo zopaka ndi nthawi yayitali ya alumali ndi cholinga chofunidwa kwambiri38.Zotsatira zaposachedwa kwambiri za antimicrobial ndi antimicrobial ndi zida zogwira ntchito zomwe zimapangidwira pogwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya oyandikana nawo, kapena kupha mabakiteriya oyandikana nawo, kapena kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. amamasulidwa.Akhoza kuchita izi mwa kulepheretsa kugwirizanitsa koyambirira kwa bakiteriya (kuphatikizapo kutsutsana ndi mapangidwe a mapuloteni pamwamba) kapena kupha mabakiteriya mwa kusokoneza khoma la selo.
Chofunika kwambiri, kuphimba pamwamba ndi njira yoyika chinthu china pamwamba pa chigawo chimodzi kuti chiwonjezere makhalidwe okhudzana ndi pamwamba.Cholinga cha kuphimba pamwamba ndi kukonza microstructure ndi / kapena kupangidwa kwa dera lapafupi ndi gawo la chigawo39.Njira zokutira pamwambazi zikhoza kugawidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimafotokozedwa mwachidule mkuyu 2a. njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zokutira.
(a) Choyikapo chosonyeza njira zazikulu zopangira zopangira pamwamba, ndi (b) zosankha zabwino ndi zoyipa za njira yopopera yozizirira.
Ukadaulo wautsi wozizira umagawana zofanana zambiri ndi njira zanthawi zonse zopopera zotentha. anasungunuka kuti apereke ku gawo lapansi. Mwachionekere, mwambo ❖ kuyanika ndondomeko si oyenera kutentha-tcheru zipangizo monga nanocrystals, nanoparticles, amorphous ndi zitsulo magalasi40, 41, 42. Komanso, matenthedwe kutsitsi ❖ ❖ kuyanika zipangizo nthawi zonse kusonyeza milingo mkulu wa porosity ndi oxides.Cold kutsitsi pa luso laling'ono athandizira (kupopera pang'onopang'ono) monga luso kutsitsi zambiri athandizira luso kwambiri athandizira luso laumisiri. gawo lapansi, (ii) kusinthasintha pazosankha zopangira gawo lapansi, (iii) kusowa kwa kusintha kwa gawo ndi kukula kwambewu , (iv) mphamvu ya mgwirizano wapamwamba1,39 (mkuyu 2b) .Kuonjezera apo, zipangizo zozizira zopopera zimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, mphamvu zambiri komanso kuuma, kupangika kwa magetsi ndi kachulukidwe kapamwamba41. Mosiyana ndi ubwino wa ndondomekoyi, palinso ubwino wopopera womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito njira zozizira, zomwe zimasonyezedwabe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zozizira. Chithunzi 2b.Pamene kupaka ufa woyera wa ceramic monga Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, WC, ndi zina zotero, njira yopopera yozizira singagwiritsidwe ntchito.Kumbali inayi, zida za ceramic / zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zipangizo zopangira zokutira.Zomwezo zimapitanso njira zina zopopera zotentha.Mawonekedwe ovuta ndi malo amkati a mapaipi akadali ovuta kupopera.
Popeza kuti ntchito yamakono ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamagalasi ufa ngati zipangizo zokutira, zikuwonekeratu kuti kupopera mankhwala ochiritsira sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazifukwa izi.
Zida zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale azachipatala ndi zakudya zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic (SUS316 ndi SUS304) zokhala ndi chromium pakati pa 12 ndi 20 wt% popanga zida zopangira opaleshoni. Zimavomerezedwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha chromium monga alloying element mu alloying element muzitsulo zopanda zitsulo zimatha kupititsa patsogolo zitsulo zopanda zitsulo. ma alloys achitsulo, ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zowononga dzimbiri, samawonetsa zinthu zazikulu za antimicrobial38,39. Izi zimasiyana ndi kukana kwawo kwakukulu kwa dzimbiri.Pambuyo pa izi, chitukuko cha matenda ndi kutupa kungathe kuneneratu, zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha kumatira kwa bakiteriya ndi koloni pamwamba pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Kuvuta kwakukulu kungabwere chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya okhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa thanzi, zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatira zambiri zomwe zingakhudze mwachindunji kapena molakwika thanzi la munthu.
Phunziro ili ndi gawo loyamba la ntchito ndalama ndi Kuwait Foundation kwa Kupititsa patsogolo Sayansi (KFAS), Mgwirizano No. 2010-550401, kufufuza kuthekera kwa kupanga zitsulo magalasi Cu-Zr-Ni ternary ufa ntchito MA luso (Table 1 ) kwa kupanga antibacterial filimu / SUS30401 chifukwa cha chitetezo chapamwamba filimu January, kuyambira gawo lachiwiri la chitetezo cha January. 2023, iwunika mawonekedwe a electrochemical corrosion ndi makina amakina a dongosololi mwatsatanetsatane.Kuyesa kwatsatanetsatane kwa microbiological kudzachitidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya.
Mu pepalali, zotsatira za Zr alloying element zomwe zili pakupanga magalasi (GFA) zikukambidwa potengera morphological and structural properties.Kuonjezera apo, antibacterial properties of the coated metallic glass powder coating/SUS304 composite inakambidwanso. Komanso, ntchito yamakono yakhala ikuchitika kuti afufuze kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa magalasi opopera mkati mwa zitsulo zozizira zamadzimadzi zamadzimadzi zomwe zimachitika m'chigawo cha zitsulo zamadzimadzi. magalasi opangidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo.Monga zitsanzo zoyimilira, Cu50Zr30Ni20 ndi Cu50Zr20Ni30 aloyi zamagalasi zachitsulo zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu.
M'chigawo chino, kusintha morphological wa elemental Cu, Zr ndi Ni ufa mu otsika mphamvu mpira mphero zimaperekedwa.Monga zitsanzo zowonetsera, machitidwe awiri osiyana opangidwa ndi Cu50Zr20Ni30 ndi Cu50Zr40Ni10 adzagwiritsidwa ntchito zitsanzo oimira.The MA ndondomeko akhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu osiyana, monga momwe zikusonyezedwera ndi grinding siteji ya grinding wa 3 siteji ya ufa.
Metallographic makhalidwe a makina aloyi (MA) ufa zopezedwa pambuyo magawo osiyanasiyana a mpira mphero nthawi.Field umuna kupanga sikani ma electron maikulosikopu (FE-SEM) zithunzi za MA ndi Cu50Zr40Ni10 ufa zopezedwa pambuyo otsika mphamvu mpira mphero nthawi 3, 12 ndi 50 h asonyezedwa mu (a), (c) kwa dongosolo Cu5, (e) ndi (e) Cu50 MZ20 (e) Zithunzi zofananira za kachitidwe ka Cu50Zr40Ni10 zotengedwa pakapita nthawi zikuwonetsedwa mu (b), (d) ndi (f).
Pa mphero ya mpira, mphamvu ya kinetic yogwira ntchito yomwe ingasamutsidwe ku ufa wachitsulo imakhudzidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa magawo, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu. 1a) .Elemental Cu, Zr, ndi Ni ufa anali opunduka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwotcherera ozizira kumayambiriro kwa MA (3 h), zomwe zimachititsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono (> 1 mm m'mimba mwake) .Tizidutswa tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta alloying (Cu, Zr, Ni), monga momwe tawonetsera mu Mkuyu wa MA (Mkuyu 2, 3a) siteji ya 2. zinayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya kinetic ya mphero ya mpira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa ufa wophatikizika kukhala ufa wonyezimira (osakwana 200 µm), monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 3c, d. Pa nthawiyi, mphamvu yometa ubweya yogwiritsidwa ntchito imayambitsa kupanga chitsulo chatsopano chokhala ndi Cu, Zr, Ni hint layers, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Fig. zochita zimachitika pa mawonekedwe a flakes kupanga magawo atsopano.
Pachimake cha ndondomeko MA (pambuyo 50 h), ndi flaky metallography ankangooneka mofooketsa (mkuyu. 3e, f), koma opukutidwa pamwamba pa ufa anasonyeza galasi metallography. Izi zikutanthauza kuti MA ndondomeko yatha ndipo kulengedwa kwa gawo limodzi anachitapo chachitika. The elemental zikuchokera m'madera indexed mu Mkuyu 3e (I, v, II, III) kupanga sikani ndi elektroni kumunda microscopy (FE-SEM) kuphatikiza mphamvu dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (IV).
Patebulo 2, zoyambira zoyambira za alloying zikuwonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa dera lililonse lomwe lasankhidwa mumkuyu 3e,f.Poyerekeza zotsatira izi ndi nyimbo zoyambira za Cu50Zr20Ni30 ndi Cu50Zr40Ni10 zomwe zalembedwa mu Gulu 1, zitha kuwoneka kuti zolembedwa zamitundu iwiriyi, zolembedwa zina zofananira zomaliza. Zigawo za zigawo zomwe zalembedwa mkuyu 3e, f sizikutanthauza kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena kusinthasintha kwa kamangidwe ka chitsanzo chilichonse kuchokera ku dera lina kupita ku lina.Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi mfundo yakuti palibe kusintha kwapangidwe kuchokera kudera lina kupita ku lina.
Ma micrographs a FE-SEM a Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) ufa adapezedwa pambuyo pa nthawi za 50 MA, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 4a-d, pamene x ndi 10, 20, 30 ndi 40 pa.%, motsatira. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mainchesi oyambira 73 mpaka 126 nm, monga tawonera pa Chithunzi 4.
Makhalidwe a morphological a Cu50(Zr50−xNix) ufa wopezedwa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h.Kwa Cu50Zr40Ni10, Cu50Zr30Ni20, Cu50Zr20Ni30, Cu50Zr10Ni40 machitidwe, zithunzi za FE-SEM za ufa zomwe zimapezedwa pambuyo pa 50 MA), (ma inc) nthawi za 50 MA motsatana.
Asananyamule ufa mu ozizira kutsitsi wodyetsa, iwo poyamba sonicated mu kusanthula kalasi Mowa kwa mphindi 15 ndiyeno zouma pa 150 ° C kwa maola 2. Izi ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zithetsedwe kuti zithetsedwe bwino ndi agglomeration omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa mavuto ambiri panthawi yonse yophimba. FE-SEM micrographs ndi lolingana EDS zithunzi za Cu, Zr ndi Ni aloyi zinthu Cu50Zr30Ni20 aloyi wopezedwa pambuyo 50 h wa M nthawi, motero.Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti aloyi ufa opangidwa pambuyo sitepe ndi homogeneous monga iwo sasonyeza kusinthasintha lililonse compositional kupitirira mlingo wa sub-finamita.
Morphology ndi kugawa koyambira kwa MG Cu50Zr30Ni20 ufa wopezedwa pambuyo pa 50 MA nthawi ndi FE-SEM/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) .(a) SEM ndi X-ray EDS mapu a (b) Cu-Kα, (c) Zr-Lα ndi (d) zithunzi za Ni-Kα.
The XRD mapatani makina aloyi Cu50Zr40Ni10, Cu50Zr30Ni20, Cu50Zr20Ni30 ndi Cu50Zr20Ni30 ufa zopezedwa MA nthawi 50 h akuwonetsedwa mkuyu. zikuwonetsedwa mkuyu 6.
Mapangidwe a XRD a (a) Cu50Zr40Ni10, (b) Cu50Zr30Ni20, (c) Cu50Zr20Ni30 ndi (d) Cu50Zr20Ni30 ufa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h. Zitsanzo zonse popanda kupatula zinasonyeza mawonekedwe a halo diffusion, kutanthauza kupanga gawo la amorphous.
Field umuna mkulu-kusamvana kufala elekitironi maikulosikopu (FE-HRTEM) ankagwiritsa ntchito kuona kusintha structural ndi kumvetsa dongosolo m'deralo ufa chifukwa cha mpira mphero pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana MA.FE-HRTEM zithunzi ufa analandira pambuyo oyambirira (6 h) ndi wapakatikati (18 h) magawo mphero kwa Cu50ZrNi01020 Cu51020 Filling ufa. 7a, c, motero.Malinga ndi chithunzi chowala chamunda (BFI) cha ufa wopangidwa pambuyo pa MA​ 6 h, ufa umapangidwa ndi njere zazikulu zomwe zili ndi malire odziwika bwino a zinthu fcc-Cu, hcp-Zr ndi fcc-Ni, ndipo palibe chizindikiro chakuti gawo lomwe lachitapo lapanga, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Figrelated 7a. kuchokera kuchigawo chapakati cha (a) chinavumbulutsa kachitidwe ka cusp diffraction (mkuyu 7b), kusonyeza kukhalapo kwa makristali akuluakulu komanso kusowa kwa gawo lokhazikika.
Local structural characterization of MA ufa anapezedwa pambuyo oyambirira (6 h) ndi wapakatikati (18 h) magawo. (a) Field umuna mkulu kusamvana kufala elekitironi maikolofoni (FE-HRTEM), ndi (b) lolingana osankhidwa dera diffraction chitsanzo (SADP) wa Cu50Zr30Ni20 ufa pambuyo MA mankhwala kwa 6 h.The 400 chithunzi cha FE- FEZR0 FE-50 FE-HTEMr chithunzi cha MA50 18 h ikuwonetsedwa mu (c).
Monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 7c, kukulitsa nthawi ya MA ku 18 h kunapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zazikulu za lattice pamodzi ndi pulasitiki deformation.Panthawiyi yapakatikati ya ndondomeko ya MA, ufa umasonyeza zolakwika zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zolakwika za stacking, lattice defects, ndi zolakwika za mfundo (Chithunzi 7) . nm (mkuyu 7c).
Mapangidwe am'deralo a Cu50Z30Ni20 ufa wopangidwa ndi 36 h MA nthawi ali ndi mapangidwe a ultrafine nanograins ophatikizidwa mu amorphous matrix abwino, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu. kusinthasintha kuchokera ku ~ 32 pa.% (dera lowonda) kufika ku ~ 74 pa.% (malo olemera), kusonyeza mapangidwe azinthu zosiyana siyana. Komanso, ma SADPs ofanana a ufa omwe amapezeka pambuyo pa mphero pa siteji iyi akuwonetsa mphete za halo-diffusing pulayimale ndi yachiwiri ya gawo la amorphous, likuphatikizana ndi mfundo zakuthwa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zosaphika zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu 8.
Kupitilira 36 h-Cu50Zr30Ni20 ufa wa nanoscale zomangira zakomweko. (a) Chithunzi chowala chamunda (BFI) ndi chofanana (b) SADP ya Cu50Zr30Ni20 ufa wopezedwa pambuyo popera kwa 36 h MA nthawi.
Pafupi ndi mapeto a ndondomeko ya MA (50 h), Cu50(Zr50−xNix), X; 10, 20, 30 ndi 40 pa.% ufa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi labyrinthine amorphous phase morphology monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu. Ma SADP omwe akuwonetsa mawonekedwe a halo adagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati umboni pakupanga magawo amorphous muzinthu zomaliza.
Mapangidwe a m'deralo a mankhwala omaliza a MG Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) dongosolo.FE-HRTEM ndi machitidwe ogwirizana a nanobeam diffraction (NBDP) a (a) Cu50Zr40Ni10, (b) Cu50Zr30Ni20, (c) Cu50Zr20Ni30Z atapeza MA50Ni30Z pambuyo pa MA5Ni30 ndi (d0) Cu50Zr40Ni30 (d)
The matenthedwe bata la galasi kusintha kutentha (Tg), subcooled madzi dera (ΔTx) ndi crystallization kutentha (Tx) monga ntchito ya Ni okhutira (x) a amorphous Cu50(Zr50−xNix) dongosolo wakhala anafufuza pogwiritsa ntchito sikani jambulani Calorimetry (DSC) wa katundu pansi pa He mpweya otaya a Cu50DSC,400000000000. Cu50Zr30Ni20 ndi Cu50Zr10Ni40 amorphous alloy powders omwe amapezedwa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h akuwonetsedwa mkuyu. °C mu DSC ikuwonetsedwa mkuyu 10d.
Thermal bata Cu50(Zr50−xNix) MG ufa wopezedwa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h, monga indexed ndi galasi kusintha kutentha (Tg), crystallization kutentha (Tx), ndi subcooled liquid region (ΔTx).Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms ya (a) Cu050Zr20,40000Zr, Cu050Zr, 40 Cu50Zr, 4. Cu050Zr. (c) Cu50Zr20Ni30 ndi (e) Cu50Zr10Ni40 MG aloyi ufa pambuyo MA nthawi ya 50 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) chitsanzo cha Cu50Zr30Ni20 chitsanzo kutentha ~ 700 °C mu DSC akuwonetsedwa mu (d).
Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Chithunzi 10, ma curve a DSC a nyimbo zonse zokhala ndi zosiyana za Ni (x) amasonyeza zochitika ziwiri zosiyana, endothermic imodzi ndi exothermic.Chochitika choyamba cha endothermic chikufanana ndi Tg, pamene chachiwiri chikugwirizana ndi Tx. Chigawo chopingasa chomwe chilipo pakati pa Tg ndi Tx chimatchedwa subcooled fluid = Tx zotsatira za Tx ndi Tg -Tg chigawo cha Tx (Tx Tx) chimasonyeza Tx -Tg chigawo cha Tx (Tx). Cu50Zr40Ni10 chitsanzo (mkuyu 10a), anaika pa 526 ° C ndi 612 ° C, sinthani zili (x) kuti 20 pa.% kwa otsika kutentha mbali 482 ° C ndi 563 ° C ndi kuwonjezeka Ni okhutira (x), motero , monga momwe chithunzi 10b. °C (mkuyu 10a) mpaka 81 °C kwa Cu50Zr30Ni20 (mkuyu 10b) .Kwa aloyi ya MG Cu50Zr40Ni10, adawonanso kuti zikhalidwe za Tg, Tx ndi ΔTx zidatsika mpaka kufika pamlingo wa 447 ° C, 526 ° C s0b (kuwonjezeka kwa Nig. kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa MG aloyi. Mosiyana, mtengo wa Tg (507 ° C) wa MG Cu50Zr20Ni30 alloy ndi wotsika kuposa wa MG Cu50Zr40Ni10 alloy; komabe, Tx yake imasonyeza mtengo wofanana ndi wakale (612 ° C) .Choncho, ΔTx imasonyeza mtengo wapamwamba (87 ° C), monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 10c.
Dongosolo la MG Cu50(Zr50−xNix), kutenga aloyi ya MG Cu50Zr20Ni30 monga chitsanzo, imawonekera pachimake chakuthwa kwambiri mu magawo a kristalo a fcc-ZrCu5, orthorhombic-Zr7Cu10 ndi orthorhombic-ZrNi30, crystal transpase 1. XRD ya chitsanzo cha MG (mkuyu 10d), yomwe idatenthedwa mpaka 700 ° C ku DSC.
Chithunzi 11 chikuwonetsa zithunzi zomwe zidatengedwa panthawi yautsi wozizira womwe ukuchitika muntchitoyi. Mu phunziroli, tinthu tating'ono ta galasi tating'ono tomwe tidapangidwa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h (kutenga Cu50Zr20Ni30 monga chitsanzo) idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira antibacterial, ndipo mbale yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (SUS304) idakutidwa ndi ukadaulo wopopera wozizira chifukwa chaumisiri wozizira wopopera. ndi njira yabwino kwambiri mu matenthedwe kutsitsi mndandanda ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito zitsulo metastable kutentha tcheru zipangizo monga amorphous ndi nanocrystalline ufa, amene samvera gawo kusintha .Ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu posankha method.The ozizira kutsitsi ndondomeko ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito particles mkulu-liwiro kuti atembenuke mphamvu kinetic wa particles mu subtrain particles kutentha kapena particles kale deformation, ndi gawo pulasitiki deformation ndi deformation.
Zithunzi zakumunda zikuwonetsa njira yopopera yozizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera kasanu motsatizana ka MG coating/SUS 304 pa 550 °C.
Mphamvu ya kinetic ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, motero mphamvu ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga timapanga, iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala mitundu ina ya mphamvu kudzera munjira monga mapindikidwe apulasitiki (tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono), voids Consolidation, kuzungulira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kupsyinjika, ndipo pamapeto pake kutentha kwa 39. kupsyinjika mphamvu, zotsatira zake ndi kugunda zotanuka, kutanthauza kuti particles amangobwerera mmbuyo pambuyo impact.It zakhala zikusonyeza kuti 90% ya mphamvu mphamvu ntchito pa tinthu / gawo lapansi zakuthupi amasandulika kutentha m'deralo 40 .Kuonjezera apo, pamene kupsinjika maganizo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, pulasitiki yapamwamba ya pulasitiki imapezeka mu gawo la kukhudzana / gawo laling'ono laling'ono4142 dera laling'ono kwambiri 41.
Mapindikidwe a pulasitiki nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ngati njira yowonongeka kwa mphamvu, kapena makamaka, gwero la kutentha m'dera la interfacial.
The BFI wa MG Cu50Zr20Ni30 aloyi ufa Tingaone mkuyu. 12a, amene TACHIMATA pa SUS 304 gawo lapansi (mkuyu. 11, 12b) . Monga tingaonere pa chithunzi, ndi yokutidwa ufa kukhalabe choyambirira amorphous dongosolo monga iwo ali wosakhwima labyrinth dongosolo kapena latti mbali zina za latticeline chifaniziro chopanda kristalo. kukhalapo kwa gawo lapadera, monga momwe ma nanoparticles akuphatikizidwa mu MG-wokutidwa ufa masanjidwewo (mkuyu 12a) .Figure 12c imasonyeza indexed nanobeam diffraction chitsanzo (NBDP) kugwirizana ndi dera I (Chithunzi 12a) . lolingana ndi crystalline lalikulu kiyubiki Zr2Ni metastable kuphatikiza tetragonal CuO gawo. Mapangidwe a CuO mwina chifukwa cha makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa ufa poyenda kuchokera nozzle wa kutsitsi mfuti ku SUS 304 panja pansi supersonic flow. Komano, devitrification wa zitsulo zoziziritsa kutsitsi 5 magalasi magalasi 5 ufa wozizira kwambiri pambuyo pa zitsulo zozizira za 5 ufa °C kwa mphindi 30.
(a) Chithunzi cha FE-HRTEM cha ufa wa MG wokutidwa pa (b) SUS 304 gawo lapansi (chithunzi cha chithunzi). Mndandanda wa NBDP wa chizindikiro chozungulira chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mu (a) chikuwonetsedwa mu (c).
Pofuna kutsimikizira izi zomwe zingatheke kuti apange ma nanoparticles aakulu a cubic Zr2Ni, kuyesera kodziimira payekha kunachitidwa.Pakuyesa uku, ufawo unathiridwa kuchokera ku mfuti ya spray pa 550 ° C motsogoleredwa ndi gawo lapansi la SUS 304; komabe, kuti afotokoze zotsatira za annealing za ufa, adachotsedwa pamzere wa SUS304 mwamsanga (pafupifupi masekondi 60) .
Zithunzi 13a,b kusonyeza mdima kumunda zithunzi (DFI) anapezedwa ndi sikani kufala elekitironi maikulosikopu (STEM) awiri sprayed zipangizo waikamo pa SUS 304 gawo lapansi kwa 60 s ndi 180 s, motero.The ufa fano waikamo kwa masekondi 60 alibe morphological mwatsatanetsatane, kusonyeza featurelessness (mkuyu. Ichi chinali 13a ambiri dongosolo XR anatsimikizira ndi 13a). ufa anali amorphous, monga zikusonyezedwa ndi yotakata pulayimale ndi sekondale diffraction maxima zikusonyezedwa mu Chithunzi 14a.Izi zikusonyeza kusowa kwa metastable / mesophase mpweya, kumene ufa amakhalabe ake oyambirira amorphous dongosolo. Mosiyana, ufa sprayed pa kutentha chomwecho (550 ° C), koma anasiyidwa pa gawo lapansi kwa 180 njere, anasonyeza 180 precidized mbewu. mivi mumkuyu 13b.