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Umugabane wamasoko ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya adsorption hamwe na pompe yubushyuhe biracyari bike ugereranije na sisitemu zo guhunika.Nubwo inyungu nini yo gukoresha ubushyuhe buhendutse (aho gukoresha amashanyarazi ahenze), ishyirwa mubikorwa rya sisitemu ishingiye kumahame ya adsorption iracyagarukira kubikorwa bike byihariye.Ingaruka nyamukuru zigomba kuvaho ni igabanuka ryingufu zihariye bitewe nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro hamwe nubushobozi buke bwa adsorbent.Imiterere yubuhanzi bwa sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya adsorption yubucuruzi ishingiye kuri adsorbers ishingiye ku guhinduranya amasahani yashizwemo kugirango yongere ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha.Ibisubizo birazwi neza ko kugabanya ubunini bwikibiriti biganisha ku kugabanuka kwimbogamizi ya misa, kandi kongera ubuso bwubuso bugereranije nubunini bwububiko bwimikorere byongera imbaraga bitabangamiye imikorere.Fibre yicyuma ikoreshwa muriki gikorwa irashobora gutanga ubuso bwihariye buri hagati ya 2500-50.000 m2 / m3.Uburyo butatu bwo kubona ibishishwa byoroheje ariko bihamye byumunyu wa hydrata hejuru yicyuma, harimo fibre yicyuma, kugirango habeho ibicuruzwa byerekana kunshuro yambere guhinduranya ingufu nyinshi.Ubuvuzi bwo hejuru bushingiye kuri aluminium anodizing bwatoranijwe kugirango habeho umurunga ukomeye hagati ya coating na substrate.Microstructure yubuso yavuyemo yasesenguwe hakoreshejwe scanning electron microscopi.Kugabanya ibyerekanwe byose Fourier ihindura infrarafurike ya sprosroscopi hamwe nogukwirakwiza ingufu X-ray spectroscopy yakoreshejwe kugirango barebe niba hari ubwoko bwifuzwa muri assay.Ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora hydrates byemejwe nisesengura rya termogravimetricike (TGA) / isesengura ritandukanye rya termogravimetric (DTG).Ubuziranenge bubi burenze 0,07 g (amazi) / g (compite) bwabonetse mu gipangu cya MgSO4, bwerekana ibimenyetso byo kubura umwuma kuri 60 ° C kandi byororoka nyuma yo kongera kwisubiramo.Ibisubizo byiza byabonetse kandi hamwe na SrCl2 na ZnSO4 bifite itandukaniro rusange rya 0.02 g / g munsi ya 100 ° C.Hydroxyethylcellulose yatoranijwe nk'inyongera kugirango yongere ituze hamwe no gufatira hamwe.Imiterere ya adsorptive yibicuruzwa yasuzumwe icyarimwe TGA-DTG kandi gufatira hamwe kwaranzwe nuburyo bushingiye kubizamini byasobanuwe muri ISO2409.Guhora hamwe no gufatisha igifuniko cya CaCl2 byateye imbere cyane mugihe gikomeza ubushobozi bwa adsorption hamwe nuburemere bwibiro bingana na 0.1 g / g mubushyuhe buri munsi ya 100 ° C.Byongeye kandi, MgSO4 igumana ubushobozi bwo gukora hydrates, yerekana itandukaniro ryinshi rirenga 0,04 g / g ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya 100 ° C.Hanyuma, hasuzumwe fibre fibre.Ibisubizo byerekana ko ubushyuhe bwiza bwubushyuhe bwa fibre yubatswe hamwe na Al2 (SO4) 3 irashobora kuba inshuro 4,7 ugereranije nubunini bwa Al2 (SO4) 3.Ipitingi yimyenda yize yasuzumwe muburyo bugaragara, kandi imiterere yimbere yasuzumwe hifashishijwe ishusho ya microscopique yibice byambukiranya.Habonetse igifuniko cya Al2 (SO4) 3 gifite ubugari bwa 50 µm, ariko inzira rusange igomba kuba nziza kugirango igabanuke kimwe.
Sisitemu ya Adsorption yitabiriwe cyane mumyaka mike ishize kuko itanga ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kumashanyarazi ya pompe cyangwa sisitemu yo gukonjesha.Hamwe nizamuka ryibipimo byubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye bwisi, sisitemu ya adsorption irashobora kugabanya gushingira kumavuta ya fosile mugihe cya vuba.Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryose muri firigo ya adsorption cyangwa pompe yubushyuhe irashobora kwimurwa mububiko bwingufu zumuriro, ibyo bikaba byerekana iyongerekana ryiyongera mubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza ingufu zibanze.Inyungu nyamukuru ya pompe yubushyuhe bwa adsorption hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha ni uko ishobora gukora hamwe nubushyuhe buke.Ibi bituma bikwiranye nubushyuhe buke nkingufu zizuba cyangwa ubushyuhe bwimyanda.Kubijyanye no kubika ingufu zikoreshwa, adsorption ifite ibyiza byo kongera ingufu nyinshi no kugabanuka kwingufu ugereranije no kubika ubushyuhe bworoshye cyangwa bwihishwa.
Amashanyarazi ya Adsorption hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha bikurikiza icyerekezo kimwe cya termodinamike kimwe na compression compression.Itandukaniro nyamukuru nugusimbuza compressor yibigize hamwe na adsorbers.Ikintu gishobora gusohora imyuka ya firigo yumuvuduko muke mubushyuhe buringaniye, bigahinduka firigo nyinshi nubwo amazi akonje.Birakenewe kwemeza guhora gukonjesha kwa adsorber kugirango ukureho ishyaka rya adsorption (exotherm).Adorber isubirwamo ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma imyuka ya firigo ihinduka desorb.Gushyushya bigomba gukomeza gutanga ishyaka rya desorption (endothermic).Kuberako inzira ya adsorption irangwa nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, ubucucike bukabije busaba ubushyuhe bwinshi.Nyamara, ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro nubusanzwe ingaruka mbi mubisabwa byinshi.
Ikibazo nyamukuru cyimyitwarire ni ukongera agaciro kayo mugihe ugumya inzira yubwikorezi itanga urujya n'uruza rwa adsorption / desorption.Uburyo bubiri bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kubigeraho: guhuza ubushyuhe hamwe no guhanahana ubushyuhe.Ibikoresho bizwi cyane kandi bigenda neza ni ibyo gukoresha inyongeramusaruro zishingiye kuri karubone, aribyo kwagura grafite, gukora karubone, cyangwa fibre fibre.Oliveira n'abandi.Ifu 2 yinjijwe yifu ya grafite hamwe na calcium ya chloride kugirango ikore adsorber ifite ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha (SCP) igera kuri 306 W / kg hamwe na coefficente yimikorere (COP) igera kuri 0.46.Zajaczkowski n'abandi.3 yatanze igitekerezo cyo guhuza grafite yagutse, fibre karubone na calcium chloride hamwe na 15 W / mK.Jian et al4 yapimwe ibice hamwe na acide sulfurike yavuwe yagutse ya grafite karemano (ENG-TSA) nka substrate mubyiciro bibiri byo gukonjesha adsorption.Icyitegererezo cyahanuye COP kuva 0.215 kugeza 0.285 na SCP kuva 161.4 kugeza 260.74 W / kg.
Kugeza ubu igisubizo gifatika ni uguhindura ubushyuhe.Uburyo bwo gutwikira aba bahinduranya ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: synthesis itaziguye hamwe na adhesives.Uburyo bwatsinze cyane ni synthesis itaziguye, ikubiyemo gukora ibikoresho bya adsorbing bitaziguye hejuru yubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bukwiye.Sotech5 yatanze uburyo bwo guhuza zeolite isize kugirango ikoreshwe murukurikirane rwa firime ikorwa na Fahrenheit GmbH.Schnabel et al6 yagerageje imikorere ya zeolite ebyiri zometse ku byuma bitagira umwanda.Nyamara, ubu buryo bukorana gusa na adsorbents yihariye, ituma gutwikira hamwe nibisumizi ubundi buryo bushimishije.Binders ni ibintu byoroshye byatoranijwe kugirango bishyigikire sorbent hamwe na / cyangwa kwimura imbaga, ariko nta ruhare bigira muri adsorption cyangwa kuzamura imiyoboro.Freni n'abandi.7 ihinduranya ubushyuhe bwa aluminiyumu hamwe na AQSOA-Z02 zeolite ihagaze neza hamwe n’ibumba rishingiye ku ibumba.Calabrese et al.8 yize gutegura itegurwa rya zeolite hamwe na polymeric binders.Ammann n'abandi 9 basabye uburyo bwo gutegura ibishishwa bya zeolite biva mu ruvangitirane rwa magnetique ya alcool ya polyvinyl.Alumina (alumina) nayo ikoreshwa nka binder 10 muri adsorber.Ku bumenyi bwacu, selile na hydroxyethyl selile ikoreshwa gusa hamwe na adsorbents yumubiri11,12.Rimwe na rimwe, kole ntabwo ikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi, ariko ikoreshwa mu kubaka imiterere 13 yonyine.Ihuriro rya alginate polymer matrices hamwe na hydrat nyinshi yumunyu bigizwe nuburyo bworoshye bwamasaro arinda kumeneka mugihe cyumye kandi bigatanga ihererekanyabubasha rihagije.Ibumba nka bentonite na attapulgite byakoreshejwe nka binders mugutegura ibihimbano15,16,17.Ethylcellulose yakoreshejwe muri microencapsulate calcium chloride18 cyangwa sodium sulfide19.
Ibigize hamwe nibyuma byubatswe birashobora kugabanwa mubyongeweho ubushyuhe hamwe no guhanahana ubushyuhe.Ibyiza byizi nyubako nubuso bwihariye bwihariye.Ibi bivamo ubuso bunini bwo guhuza hagati ya adsorbent nicyuma hatabariwemo misa ya inert, igabanya imikorere rusange yizuba rya firigo.Lang n'abandi.20 yazamuye muri rusange imiyoboro ya zeolite adsorber ifite ubuki bwa aluminium.Gillerminot n'abandi.21 yazamuye ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa NaX zeolite hamwe numuringa na nikel ifuro.Nubwo ibihimbano bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro (PCMs), ibyavuye muri Li nabandi.22 na Zhao n'abandi.23 nabo bashishikajwe na chemisorption.Bagereranije imikorere ya grafite yagutse nicyuma cya furo hanyuma bemeza ko ibya nyuma ari byiza gusa niba ruswa itari ikibazo.Palomba n'abandi.baherutse kugereranya nibindi byuma byubaka24.Van der Pal n'abandi.bize imyunyu yicyuma yashyizwemo ifuro 25.Ingero zose zabanjirije iyi zihuye nigice cyinshi cya adsorbents.Ibyuma byubatswe byububiko ntibikoreshwa muburyo bwo kwambara amatangazo yamamaza, nigisubizo cyiza cyane.Urugero rwo guhuza zeolite urashobora kubisanga muri Wittstadt nibindi.26 ariko ntagerageje guhuza hydrati yumunyu nubwo zifite ingufu nyinshi 27.
Niyo mpamvu, uburyo butatu bwo gutegura ibishishwa bya adsorbent bizasuzumwa muri iyi ngingo: (1) gutwikira, (2) reaction itaziguye, na (3) kuvura hejuru.Hydroxyethylcellulose niyo yahuzaga guhitamo muriyi mirimo kubera ko byavuzwe mbere bihamye hamwe no gufatira neza hamwe hamwe na adsorbents.Ubu buryo bwabanje gukorerwa iperereza kubipfundikizo buringaniye hanyuma bukoreshwa mubyuma bya fibre.Mbere, isesengura ryibanze ryerekana uburyo imiti ishobora guterwa no gushiraho amavuta ya adsorbent.Ubunararibonye bwambere burimo kwimurwa kububiko bwa fibre fibre.Ubuvuzi bwo hejuru bwatoranijwe kuriyi mirimo nuburyo bushingiye kuri aluminium anodizing.Aluminium anodizing yahujwe neza nu munyu wicyuma kubwintego nziza.Muri ibi bihe, impuzu zihamye kandi zidashobora kwangirika zirashobora kuboneka.Ariko, ntibashobora gukora adsorption cyangwa desorption inzira.Uru rupapuro rwerekana itandukaniro ryubu buryo butuma misa yimurwa ukoresheje ibintu bifatika byumwimerere.Dukurikije ubumenyi dufite, nta buryo bwasobanuwe hano bwigeze bwigwa.Zerekana ikoranabuhanga rishya rishimishije cyane kuko ryemerera gushiraho hydrated adsorbent coatings, ifite inyungu nyinshi kurenza adsorbents yumubiri ikunze kwigwa.
Isahani ya aluminiyumu yashyizweho kashe nka substrate kuri ubu bushakashatsi yatanzwe na ALINVEST Břidličná, Repubulika ya Ceki.Harimo aluminium 98,11%, 1.3622% icyuma, 0.3618% manganese hamwe nibisigarira byumuringa, magnesium, silicon, titanium, zinc, chromium na nikel.
Ibikoresho byatoranijwe mu gukora ibihimbano byatoranijwe bikurikije imiterere ya termodinamike, aribyo, bitewe n’amazi bashobora adsorb / desorb ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya 120 ° C.
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) ni umwe mu myunyu ishimishije kandi yize 30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41.Ibikoresho bya termodinamike byapimwe kuri gahunda kandi bigaragara ko bikwiriye gukoreshwa mubijyanye no gukonjesha kwa adsorption, pompe yubushyuhe no kubika ingufu.Magnesium sulfate yumye CAS-Nr.7487-88-9 99% (Grüssing GmbH, Filsum, Niedersachsen, Ubudage) yakoreshejwe.
Kalisiyumu ya chloride (CaCl2) (H319) nundi munyu wize neza kuko hydrate ifite imiterere ishimishije ya termodinamike41,42,43,44.Kalisiyumu chloride hexahydrate CAS-Oya.7774-34-7 97% yakoreshejwe (Grüssing, GmbH, Filsum, Niedersachsen, Ubudage).
Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) (H3O2, H318, H410) hamwe na hydrata yayo ifite imiterere ya termodinamike ikwiranye nubushyuhe buke bwa adsorption 45,46.Zinc sulfate heptahydrate CAS-Nr.7733-02-0 99.5% (Grüssing GmbH, Filsum, Niedersachsen, Ubudage) yakoreshejwe.
Chronide ya Strontium (SrCl2) (H318) nayo ifite imiterere ishimishije ya termodinamike4,45,47 nubwo ikunze guhuzwa na ammonia mumashanyarazi ya adsorption cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwo kubika ingufu.Strontium chloride hexahydrate CAS-Nr.10.476-85-4 99.0–102.0% (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) yakoreshejwe muri synthesis.
Sulfate y'umuringa (CuSO4) (H302, H315, H319, H410) ntabwo iri muri hydrat ikunze kuboneka mubitabo byumwuga, nubwo imiterere ya termodinamike ishishikajwe no gukoresha ubushyuhe buke 48,49.Umuringa wa sulfate CAS-Nr.7758-99-8 99% (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) yakoreshejwe muri synthesis.
Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) ni umwe mu myunyu ngugu iherutse kwitabwaho cyane mu bijyanye no kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi 50,51.Magnesium chloride hexahydrate CAS-Nr.7791-18-6 icyiciro cya farumasi cyiza (Applichem GmbH., Darmstadt, Ubudage) yakoreshejwe mubushakashatsi.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, hydroxyethyl selulose yatoranijwe kubera ibisubizo byiza mubikorwa bisa.Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe muri synthesis ni hydroxyethyl selulose CAS-Nr 9004-62-0 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
Fibre fibre ikozwe mumigozi migufi ihujwe no guhonyora no gucumura, inzira izwi nko gukuramo ibishishwa byoroshye (CME) 52.Ibi bivuze ko ubushyuhe bwumuriro wabo butaterwa gusa nubwinshi bwubwinshi bwibyuma bikoreshwa mugukora no gukomera kwimiterere yanyuma, ariko kandi nubwiza bwimigozi iri hagati yinsanganyamatsiko.Fibre ntabwo ari isotropique kandi ikunda gukwirakwizwa mubyerekezo runaka mugihe cyo gukora, ibyo bigatuma ubushyuhe bwumuriro mubyerekezo bihinduka munsi cyane.
Imiterere yo kwinjiza amazi yakozweho iperereza hifashishijwe icyarimwe isesengura rya termogravimetric (TGA) / isesengura ritandukanye rya termogravimetric (DTG) mumapaki ya vacuum (Netzsch TG 209 F1 Libra).Ibipimo byakorewe mu kirere cya azote gitemba ku gipimo cya ml 10 / min hamwe n'ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 25 na 150 ° C mu musaraba wa aluminium oxyde.Igipimo cyo gushyushya cyari 1 ° C / min, uburemere bwikitegererezo bwatandukanye kuva mg 10 kugeza kuri 20, imyanzuro yari 0.1 μg.Muri iki gikorwa, twakagombye kumenya ko itandukaniro rusange kuri buri gice gifite ubusobanuro bunini.Ingero zikoreshwa muri TGA-DTG ni nto cyane kandi zaciwe ku buryo budasanzwe, bigatuma igenamigambi ryabo ridahwitse.Indangagaciro zishobora gusa koherezwa mukarere kanini niba gutandukana kwinshi kwitabwaho.
Kugaragaza byuzuye Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) yerekanwe kuri Bruker Vertex 80 v FTIR yerekanwe (Bruker Optik GmbH, Leipzig, Ubudage) ikoresheje ibikoresho bya platine (Bruker Optik GmbH, Ubudage).Ikirangantego cya diyama yumye yumye yapimwe mu cyuho mbere yo gukoresha ingero nkurugero rwo gupima ubushakashatsi.Ingero zapimwe mu cyuho hifashishijwe icyerekezo cya cm 2-1 n'umubare mpuzandengo wa scan ya 32. Wavenumber iri hagati ya 8000 na 500 cm-1.Isesengura rya Spectral ryakozwe hakoreshejwe gahunda ya OPUS.
Isesengura rya SEM ryakozwe hifashishijwe DSM 982 Gemini yo muri Zeiss mu kwihutisha voltage ya 2 na 5 kV.Gukwirakwiza ingufu za X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) byakozwe hakoreshejwe Thermo Fischer Sisitemu 7 hamwe na Peltier ikonje ya silicon drift detector (SSD).
Gutegura amasahani yicyuma byakozwe hakurikijwe inzira isa niyasobanuwe muri 53. Ubwa mbere, shira isahani muri acide sulfurike 50%.Iminota 15.Noneho binjijwe muri hydroxide ya sodium 1 M amasegonda 10.Hanyuma ingero zogejwe namazi menshi yatoboye, hanyuma zishirwa mumazi yatoboye muminota 30.Nyuma yubuvuzi bwibanze, ibyitegererezo byinjijwe mumuti wuzuye wa 3%.HEC hamwe n'umunyu.Hanyuma, ubikuremo hanyuma ubumishe kuri 60 ° C.
Uburyo bwa anodizing bwongera kandi bugashimangira urwego rusanzwe rwa oxyde kumyuma ya pasiporo.Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu byashizwemo aside aside mu buryo bukomeye hanyuma bigashyirwaho amazi ashyushye.Anodizing yakurikiranye intangiriro yambere hamwe na 1 mol / l NaOH (600 s) ikurikirwa no kutabogama muri 1 mol / l HNO3 (60 s).Umuti wa electrolyte ni uruvange rwa 2.3 M H2SO4, 0.01 M Al2 (SO4) 3, na 1 M MgSO4 + 7H2O.Anodizing yakorewe kuri (40 ± 1) ° C, 30 mA / cm2 kumasegonda 1200.Igikorwa cyo gufunga cyakozwe mubisubizo bitandukanye bya brine nkuko byasobanuwe mubikoresho (MgSO4, CaCl2, ZnSO4, SrCl2, CuSO4, MgCl2).Icyitegererezo gitetse muri yo amasegonda 1800.
Hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku buryo butatu butandukanye bwo gukora ibihimbano: gufatira hamwe, gufata neza, no kuvura hejuru.Ibyiza nibibi bya buri buryo bwamahugurwa birasesengurwa kuri gahunda kandi bikaganirwaho.Indorerezi itaziguye, nanoimaging, hamwe na chimique / ibice byibanze byakoreshejwe kugirango dusuzume ibisubizo.
Anodizing yatoranijwe nkuburyo bwo guhindura uburyo bwo kuvura kugirango hongerwe hamwe na hydrati yumunyu.Ubu buryo bwo kuvura butera imiterere ya alumina (alumina) hejuru ya aluminium.Ubusanzwe, ubu buryo bugizwe nibyiciro bibiri: icyiciro cya mbere gikora imiterere ya oxyde ya aluminium, naho icyiciro cya kabiri kigakora igipfundikizo cya hydroxide ya aluminium ifunga imyenge.Ibikurikira nuburyo bubiri bwo guhagarika umunyu utabujije kugera ku cyiciro cya gaze.Iya mbere igizwe na sisitemu yubuki ikoresheje utubuto duto twa aluminium oxyde (Al2O3) yabonetse mu ntambwe yambere yo gufata kristu ya adsorbent no kongera kwizirika hejuru yicyuma.Ibimamara bivamo bifite umurambararo wa nm 50 n'uburebure bwa 200 nm (Ishusho 1a).Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ubu bwenge busanzwe bufunzwe muntambwe ya kabiri hamwe na buke ya Al2O (OH) 2 boehmite ishyigikiwe nigituba cya alumina.Muburyo bwa kabiri, ubu buryo bwo gufunga bwahinduwe kuburyo kristu yumunyu ifatwa murwego rumwe rutwikiriye boehmite (Al2O (OH)), idakoreshwa mugushiraho ikimenyetso muriki kibazo.Icyiciro cya kabiri gikorerwa mumuti wuzuye wumunyu uhuye.Ibishushanyo byasobanuwe bifite ubunini buri hagati ya 50-100 nm kandi bisa nkibitonyanga bitonyanga (Ishusho 1b).Ubuso bwabonetse nkibisubizo bya kashe ifite imiterere igaragara hamwe niyongera ryumwanya.Ubu buso, hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza, nibyiza gutwara no gufata kristu yumunyu.Izi nyubako zombi zasobanuwe zisa nkizikomeye kandi zifite imyenge mito isa nkaho ikwiranye no kugumana hydrat yumunyu hamwe no guhumeka imyuka yumunyu mugihe cyo gukora adsorber.Nyamara, isesengura ryibanze kuri ubu buso ukoresheje EDX rishobora kumenya urugero rwa magnesium na sulfure hejuru ya boehmite, bitagaragara mugihe cya alumina.
ATR-FTIR y'icyitegererezo yemeje ko ikintu cyari magnesium sulfate (reba Ishusho 2b).Ikirangantego cyerekana impinga ya sulfate iranga impinga ya 610–680 na 1080–1130 cm - 1 hamwe n’amazi aranga hejuru ya cm 1600 - 1700 cm - 1 na cm 3200–3800 - 1 (reba Ishusho 2a, c).).Kubaho kwa magnesium ion hafi ya byose ntabwo bihindura spekure54.
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Kugumana imikorere ya adsorption byemejwe na TGA.Ku mutini.3b yerekana impinga ya desorption hafi.60 ° C.Iyi mpinga ntabwo ihuye nubushyuhe bwimpinga zombi zigaragara muri TGA yumunyu mwiza (Ishusho 3a).Isubiramo rya adsorption - desorption cycle ryarasuzumwe, kandi umurongo umwe waragaragaye nyuma yo gushyira ingero mu kirere cyuzuye (Ishusho 3c).Itandukaniro ryagaragaye mu cyiciro cya kabiri cya desorption rishobora kuba igisubizo cyo kubura umwuma mu kirere gitemba, kuko akenshi biganisha ku kubura umwuma.Indangagaciro zihwanye na 17.9 g / m2 mumazi yambere na 10.3 g / m2 mumazi ya kabiri.
Kugereranya isesengura rya TGA rya boehmite na MgSO4: Isesengura rya TGA rya MgSO4 (a), imvange (b) na nyuma ya rehidration (c).
Uburyo bumwe bwakorewe hamwe na calcium chloride nka adsorbent.Ibisubizo byatanzwe ku gishushanyo cya 4. Igenzura ryerekanwa hejuru ryagaragaje impinduka nto mu mucyo.Ubwoya buragaragara.SEM yemeje ko habaho kristu ntoya ikwirakwizwa hejuru.Ariko, TGA yerekanye ko idafite umwuma uri munsi ya 150 ° C.Ibi birashobora guterwa nuko igipimo cyumunyu ari gito cyane ugereranije nubunini rusange bwa substrate kugirango tumenye na TGA.
Ibisubizo byo kuvura hejuru yumuringa wa sulfate wumuringa ukoresheje uburyo bwa anodizing byerekanwe mumitini.5. Muri iki gihe, ibyateganijwe kwinjizwa CuSO4 muburyo bwa Al oxide ntabwo byabaye.Ahubwo, inshinge zirekuye ziragaragara nkuko zikoreshwa muri hydroxide y'umuringa Cu (OH) 2 ikoreshwa n'amabara asanzwe ya turquoise.
Ubuvuzi bwa anodize bwanageragejwe hamwe na chloride ya strontium.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ubwuzuzanye (reba Ishusho 6a).Kugirango umenye niba umunyu utwikiriye ubuso bwose, hakozwe isesengura rya EDX.Umuheto ku ngingo mu gace kijimye (ingingo ya 1 mu gishushanyo cya 6b) yerekana strontium nkeya na aluminium nyinshi.Ibi byerekana ibintu bike bya strontium muri zone yapimwe, nayo, yerekana ubwinshi bwa chloride ya strontium.Ibinyuranye, uduce twera dufite ibintu byinshi bya strontium hamwe na aluminiyumu nkeya (ingingo ya 2-6 mu gishushanyo cya 6b).Isesengura rya EDX ryerekana umweru ryerekana utudomo twijimye (ingingo ya 2 n'iya 4 ku gishushanyo cya 6b), munsi ya chlorine na sulferi nyinshi.Ibi birashobora kwerekana ishingwa rya sulfate ya strontium.Utudomo twinshi twerekana ibintu byinshi bya chlorine hamwe na sulfure nkeya (ingingo ya 3, 5, na 6 ku gishushanyo cya 6b).Ibi birashobora gusobanurwa nuko igice kinini cyigitambaro cyera kigizwe na chloride iteganijwe.TGA y'icyitegererezo yemeje ibisobanuro by'isesengura hamwe n'impinga ku bushyuhe buranga chloride nziza ya stontium (Ishusho 6c).Agaciro kabo gashobora gutsindishirizwa nigice gito cyumunyu ugereranije nubwinshi bwinkunga yicyuma.Ubwinshi bwa desorption bwagenwe mubushakashatsi buhuye nubunini bwa 7.3 g / m2 bwatanzwe kuri buri gice cya adsorber ku bushyuhe bwa 150 ° C.
Eloxal ivurwa na zinc sulfate yatwikiriye nayo yapimwe.Macroscopically, igipfundikizo ni igicucu cyoroshye kandi kimwe (Ishusho 7a).Nyamara, SEM yerekanye ubuso butwikiriwe na kristu ntoya yatandukanijwe nubusa (Ishusho 7b).TGA yo gutwikira hamwe na substrate yagereranijwe nu munyu mwiza (Ishusho 7c).Umunyu mwiza ufite impinga imwe idasanzwe kuri 59.1 ° C.Aluminiyumu yometseho yerekanaga impinga ebyiri nto kuri 55.5 ° C na 61.3 ° C, byerekana ko hydrat sulfate ihari.Itandukaniro ryinshi ryerekanwe mubushakashatsi rihuye na 10.9 g / m2 ku bushyuhe bwo kubura amazi ya 150 ° C.
Nko mubisabwa byabanje53, hydroxyethyl selulose yakoreshejwe nkumuhuza kugirango utezimbere hamwe no gutuza kwa sorbent.Guhuza ibikoresho n'ingaruka kumikorere ya adsorption byasuzumwe na TGA.Isesengura rikorwa mubijyanye na misa yose, ni ukuvuga icyitegererezo kirimo isahani yicyuma ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gutwikira.Adhesion igeragezwa nikizamini gishingiye ku kizamini cyambukiranya ibisobanuro cyasobanuwe muri ISO2409 (ntigishobora guhura n’ibisobanuro bitandukanijwe bitewe n'ubunini n'ubugari).
Gupfundikanya imbaho ​​hamwe na calcium ya chloride (CaCl2) (reba Ishusho ya 8a) byatumye habaho kugabana ku buryo butaringaniye, butagaragaye mu gipangu cya aluminiyumu yakoreshejwe mu gupima ikizamini cya transvers.Ugereranije n'ibisubizo bya CaCl2 yera, TGA (Igishusho 8b) yerekana impinga ebyiri ziranga zerekejwe ku bushyuhe bwo hasi bwa 40 na 20 ° C.Ikizamini cyambukiranya ibice ntabwo cyemerera kugereranya ibintu bifatika kuko icyitegererezo cya CaCl2 cyera (icyitegererezo iburyo ku gishushanyo cya 8c) ni imvura yifu, ikuraho ibice byo hejuru.Ibisubizo bya HEC byerekanaga igipande cyoroshye kandi kimwe kandi gifatanye neza.Itandukaniro ryinshi ryerekanwe mugitabo.8b ihuye na 51.3 g / m2 kuri buri gice cya adsorber ku bushyuhe bwa 150 ° C.
Ibisubizo byiza mubijyanye no gufatana hamwe nuburinganire byabonetse hamwe na sulfate ya magnesium (MgSO4) (reba Ishusho 9).Isesengura ryibikorwa bya desorption ya coating yerekanaga ko hariho impinga imwe ya hafi.60 ° C.Ubu bushyuhe buhuye nintambwe nyamukuru ya desorption igaragara mu kubura amazi yumunyu wera, byerekana indi ntambwe kuri 44 ° C.Bihuye ninzibacyuho kuva kuri hexahydrate yerekeza kuri pentahydrate kandi ntabwo igaragara mugihe cyo gutwikira hamwe na binders.Ibizamini byambukiranya ibice byerekana uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza no gufatira hamwe ugereranije no gutwika bikozwe ukoresheje umunyu mwiza.Itandukaniro ryinshi ryagaragaye muri TGA-DTC rihuye na 18.4 g / m2 kuri buri gice cya adsorber ku bushyuhe bwa 150 ° C.
Bitewe nuburyo budasanzwe bwo hejuru, chloride ya strontium (SrCl2) ifite igifuniko kitaringaniye kumutwe (Ishusho 10a).Nyamara, ibisubizo byikizamini cya transvers cyerekanwe kugabana kimwe hamwe no gufatana neza (Ishusho 10c).Isesengura rya TGA ryerekanye itandukaniro rito cyane muburemere, bigomba guterwa numunyu muke ugereranije nubutaka bwicyuma.Nyamara, intambwe kumurongo zigaragaza ko hariho inzira yo kubura umwuma, nubwo impinga ijyanye nubushyuhe bwabonetse mugihe kiranga umunyu mwiza.Impinga ya 110 ° C na 70.2 ° C yagaragaye mu mashusho.10b nayo yabonetse mugihe cyo gusesengura umunyu mwiza.Nyamara, intambwe nyamukuru yo kubura umwuma yagaragaye mumunyu mwiza kuri 50 ° C ntabwo yagaragaye mumirongo ukoresheje binder.Ibinyuranye, imvange ya binder yerekanaga impinga ebyiri kuri 20.2 ° C na 94.1 ° C, zitapimwe umunyu wera (Ishusho 10b).Ku bushyuhe bwa 150 ° C, itandukaniro rusange ryagaragaye rihuye na 7.2 g / m2 kuri buri gice cya adsorber.
Gukomatanya HEC na zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) ntabwo byatanze ibisubizo byemewe (Ishusho 11).Isesengura rya TGA ryakozweho ibyuma ntirigaragaza uburyo bwo kubura umwuma.Nubwo gukwirakwiza no gufatisha igifuniko byateye imbere, imitungo yacyo iracyari kure cyane.
Inzira yoroshye yo gutwikisha fibre fibre hamwe nuburyo bworoshye kandi bumwe ni ugutera inda (Igicapo 12a), ikubiyemo gutegura umunyu ugenewe no gutera intanga zicyuma hamwe nigisubizo cyamazi.
Mugihe witegura gutera inda, ibibazo bibiri byingenzi bihura nabyo.Ku ruhande rumwe, uburemere bwubuso bwumuti wa saline birinda kwinjiza neza mumazi muburyo bubi.Crystallisation hejuru yinyuma (Igicapo 12d) hamwe nu mwuka mwinshi wafashwe imbere yimiterere (Igicapo 12c) urashobora kugabanuka gusa mugabanye ubukana bwubuso hanyuma ukabanza gushiramo icyitegererezo hamwe namazi yatoboye.Gusenyuka ku gahato mu cyitegererezo mu kwimura umwuka imbere cyangwa mu gushiraho igisubizo mu miterere ni ubundi buryo bwiza bwo kwemeza kuzura byuzuye.
Ikibazo cya kabiri cyahuye nacyo mugihe cyo kwitegura ni ugukuraho firime mu gice cyumunyu (reba Ishusho 12b).Iyi phenomenon irangwa no gushiraho igipfunsi cyumye hejuru yisenyuka, bigahagarika gukama byatewe no gutangira gukwirakwizwa.Uburyo bwa kabiri buratinda cyane kuruta ubwa mbere.Nkigisubizo, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burasabwa mugihe cyumye cyo gukama, ibyo bikaba byongera ibyago byibibyimba biva murugero.Iki kibazo cyakemuwe no gutangiza ubundi buryo bwo korohereza ibintu bidashingiye ku ihinduka ry’imiterere (evaporation), ahubwo ni ihinduka ry’ubushyuhe (nko mu ngero hamwe na MgSO4 ku gishushanyo cya 13).
Igishushanyo cyerekana uburyo bwo gutegera mugihe cyo gukonjesha no gutandukanya ibyiciro bikomeye kandi byamazi ukoresheje MgSO4.
Ibisubizo byumunyu byuzuye birashobora gutegurwa hejuru yubushyuhe bwicyumba (HT) ukoresheje ubu buryo.Mugihe cyambere, kristalisiti yahatiwe kugabanya ubushyuhe buri munsi yubushyuhe bwicyumba.Mugihe cya kabiri, kristallisation yabaye mugihe icyitegererezo cyakonje kugeza ubushyuhe bwicyumba (RT).Igisubizo ni uruvange rwa kristu (B) hanyuma igashonga (A), igice cyamazi cyacyo kikurwaho numwuka uhumanye.Ubu buryo ntibirinda gusa gukora firime kuri ayo mazi, ahubwo binagabanya igihe gikenewe cyo gutegura ibindi bihimbano.Ariko, kuvanaho amazi yumuyaga ucanye biganisha ku kongeramo umunyu mwinshi, bikavamo igicucu kinini.
Ubundi buryo bushobora gukoreshwa mu gutwikira ibyuma birimo umusaruro utaziguye wumunyu ugenewe binyuze mumiti.Guhinduranya ubushyuhe bikozwe na reaction ya acide hejuru yicyuma cya fins na tebes bifite ibyiza byinshi, nkuko byavuzwe mubushakashatsi bwabanje.Gukoresha ubu buryo kuri fibre byatumye habaho ibisubizo bibi cyane bitewe no gushiraho imyuka mugihe cya reaction.Umuvuduko wa gaze ya hydrogène yubaka imbere muri probe hanyuma ugahinduka uko ibicuruzwa bisohotse (Ishusho 14a).
Ipitingi yahinduwe hifashishijwe imiti kugirango igenzure neza umubyimba nogukwirakwiza.Ubu buryo bukubiyemo kunyuza aside ya acide ikoresheje icyitegererezo (Ishusho 14b).Ibi byitezwe ko bizavamo igipfundikizo kimwe nigisubizo hamwe nicyuma cyo munsi.Ibisubizo byari bishimishije, ariko inzira yatinze cyane kuburyo itafatwa nkuburyo bwiza (Ishusho 14c).Igihe gito cyo kubyitwaramo gishobora kugerwaho nubushyuhe bwaho.
Kugira ngo utsinde ibibi byuburyo bwavuzwe haruguru, uburyo bwo gutwikira bushingiye ku gukoresha ibifatika bwarigishijwe.HEC yatoranijwe hashingiwe ku bisubizo byatanzwe mu gice kibanziriza iki.Ingero zose zateguwe kuri 3% wt.Binder ivanze n'umunyu.Fibre zabanjirijwe hakurikijwe uburyo bumwe nubwa rubavu, ni ukuvuga muri 50% vol.mu minota 15.acide sulfurike, hanyuma igashyirwa muri hydroxide ya sodiumi amasegonda 20, yogejwe mumazi yatoboye hanyuma amaherezo ushiramo mumazi yamenetse muminota 30.Muri uru rubanza, intambwe yinyongera yongeyeho mbere yo gutwita.Shira icyitegererezo muri make mumashanyarazi yumuti wumunyu hanyuma wumuke hafi 60 ° C.Inzira yateguwe kugirango ihindure ubuso bwicyuma, irema ibibanza bya nucleation bitezimbere ikwirakwizwa ryikigero cyanyuma.Imiterere ya fibrous ifite uruhande rumwe aho filaments zoroshye kandi zipakiwe neza, naho kurundi ruhande aho filaments iba nini kandi itagabanijwe.Nibisubizo byuburyo 52 bwo gukora.
Ibisubizo bya calcium chloride (CaCl2) byegeranijwe kandi bigaragazwa n'amashusho mu mbonerahamwe ya 1. Gukwirakwiza neza nyuma yo guterwa.Ndetse iyo migozi idafite kristu igaragara hejuru yagabanije ibyuma byerekana, byerekana impinduka kurangiza.Nyamara, nyuma yicyitegererezo cyatewe inshinge zivanze n’amazi ya CaCl2 na HEC hanyuma zikumishwa ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 60 ° C, ibifuniko byibanze ku masangano y’inyubako.Izi ningaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibisubizo.Nyuma yo gushiramo, amazi aguma imbere yicyitegererezo kubera uburemere bwayo.Ahanini bibaho ku masangano yimiterere.Uruhande rwiza rwikigereranyo rufite ibyobo byinshi byuzuye umunyu.Ibiro byiyongereyeho 0,06 g / cm3 nyuma yo gutwikira.
Gupfundikanya na sulfate ya magnesium (MgSO4) byatanze umunyu mwinshi mubunini (Imbonerahamwe 2).Muri iki kibazo, kwiyongera gupimwa ni 0.09 g / cm3.Uburyo bwo gutera imbuto bwatanze urugero rwinshi.Nyuma yo gutwikira, umunyu uhagarika ahantu hanini kuruhande rwicyitegererezo.Mubyongeyeho, uduce tumwe na tumwe twahagaritswe, ariko bimwe bigumaho.Muri iki gihe, imiterere yumunyu igaragara byoroshye muguhuza imiterere, yemeza ko uburyo bwo gutwikira biterwa ahanini nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi, ntabwo ari imikoranire yumunyu nubutaka bwicyuma.
Ibisubizo byo guhuza chloride ya strontium (SrCl2) na HEC yerekanye imitungo isa ningero zabanjirije iyi (Imbonerahamwe 3).Muri iki kibazo, uruhande rworoshye rwicyitegererezo ruba rwuzuye.Gusa imyenge ya buri muntu iragaragara, ikorwa mugihe cyo kumisha nkigisubizo cyo kurekura amavuta kuva murugero.Igishushanyo cyagaragaye kuruhande rwa matte kirasa cyane nurubanza rwabanje, agace kafunzwe numunyu kandi fibre ntizipfundikijwe rwose.
Kugirango hamenyekane ingaruka nziza yimiterere ya fibrous kumikorere yubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe, hashyizweho uburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwimiterere ya fibrous yubatswe kandi bugereranijwe nibikoresho bitwikiriye neza.Ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwapimwe ukurikije ASTM D 5470-2017 ukoresheje igikoresho kibase cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 15a ukoresheje ibikoresho bifatika bifite ubushyuhe buzwi.Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gupima byigihe gito, iri hame ni ingirakamaro kubikoresho byoroshye bikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwubu, kubera ko ibipimo bikorwa muburyo butajegajega kandi hamwe nubunini bwikitegererezo buhagije (ubuso bwibanze 30 × 30 mm2, uburebure bwa mm 15).Icyitegererezo cyibikoresho bisukuye (reference) hamwe nuburyo bwa fibre yubatswe byateguwe kugirango bipimwe mu cyerekezo cya fibre na perpendicular yerekeza ku cyerekezo cya fibre kugirango harebwe ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa anisotropique.Ibigereranirizo byari hasi hejuru (P320 grit) kugirango hagabanuke ingaruka zuburakari bwubutaka bitewe nimyiteguro yikigereranyo, itagaragaza imiterere murugero.