Abin sha'awa ne kuma abin mamaki ne cewa masu zane-zane James Payne da Joan Sherwell sun zaɓi wakiltar mawaka uku daga New York a cikin jerin shirye-shiryensu na Great Cities of Art Explained.
Waɗannan mutane za su zama zaɓi a bayyane, kodayake ɗaya daga cikin ukun, Basquiat, ɗan asalin New York ne.
Masu ra'ayin bayyana ra'ayi guda uku daga New York - Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning da Helen Frankenthaler.
Gudunmawar da waɗannan mata suka bayar ga wannan motsi ta yi yawa, amma Krasner da de Kooning sun shafe mafi yawan ayyukansu a inuwar mazajensu masu suna, masu ra'ayin bayyana ra'ayi Jackson Pollock da Willem de Kooning.
Tsarin Gabatarwa na New York ya kawar da birnin Paris a matsayin cibiyar fasahar zamani kuma ya zama mafi yawan motsi na maza. Krasner, Frankenthaler da Elaine de Kooning sau da yawa suna jin ana kiran ayyukansu da "mace", "waƙoƙi" ko "marasa ma'ana", wanda ke nufin cewa sun ɗan yi ƙasa da haka.
Hans Hofmann ƙwararriyar mai zane-zane ce wadda ke gudanar da ɗakin studio na Krasner da ke kan titin 8th, inda ta yi karatu bayan ta yi karatu a Cooper Union, da kuma ƙungiyar ɗaliban fasaha da kuma Kwalejin Zane ta Ƙasa kuma ta yi aiki a WPA Federal Art Project. Ta taɓa yaba wa ɗaya daga cikin zane-zanenta, tana cewa, "Yana da kyau sosai ba za ka yarda cewa mace ce ta yi shi ba."
Penn da Showell sun yi cikakken bayani game da yadda Krasner mai barin gado, wanda ya riga ya kafa a duniyar fasaha ta New York, ke da alaƙa mai mahimmanci da Pollock a cikin ayyukansu, waɗanda aka nuna tare da na Picasso, Matisse da Georges Braque. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta fara soyayya da Pollock. A wani muhimmin baje kolin zane-zane na Faransa da Amurka a shekarar 1942 a Macmillan Gallery.
Sun yi aure suka ƙaura zuwa Long Island, amma ba su yi nasara ba wajen mai da hankali kan shan giya da ayyukan da suka shafi sauran makarantu. Ya nemi a gina wani rumbun adana abinci a ƙasa don yin aikinsa, kuma ta yi amfani da ɗakin kwana.
Yayin da Pollock ya shahara wajen fesa manyan zane-zane a ƙasan rumbun adana abinci, Krasner ya ƙirƙiri jerin ƙananan hotuna a kan teburi, wani lokacin yana shafa fenti kai tsaye daga bututun.
Krasner ta kwatanta haruffan da haruffan Ibrananci, waɗanda ta koya tun tana ƙarama amma yanzu ba ta iya karatu ko rubutu ba. Koma dai mene ne, a cewarta, tana da sha'awar ƙirƙirar harshe na musamman wanda ba ya isar da wata takamaiman ma'ana.
Bayan Pollock ya mutu a hatsarin tuki a cikin maye - uwar gidansa ta tsira - Krasner ta ce ɗakin ajiyar kayan tarihi ya kasance don aikinta.
Wannan mataki ne mai kawo sauyi. Ba wai kawai aikinta ya ƙara girma ba, har ma da dukkan motsin jiki a cikin tsarin ƙirƙira ya yi mata tasiri.
Shekaru goma bayan haka, ta yi baje kolin ta na farko a birnin New York, kuma a shekarar 1984, watanni shida kafin mutuwarta, MoMA ta yi mata nazari kan baya.
A wata hira mai ban sha'awa da Inside New York's Art World a shekarar 1978, Krasner ta tuna cewa a farkon lokacin, jinsinta bai shafi yadda ake kallon aikinta ba.
Na yi makarantar sakandare tare da mata masu fasaha kawai, duk mata ne. Sannan kuma na kasance a Cooper Union, makarantar fasaha ta 'yan mata, duk mata masu fasaha, kuma ko da lokacin da na shiga WPA daga baya, kun sani, ba sabon abu ba ne a zama mace kuma a zama mai fasaha. Duk wannan ya fara faruwa a makare, musamman lokacin da wuraren suka koma daga tsakiyar Paris zuwa New York, ina tsammanin wannan lokacin ana kiransa da abstract expressionism, kuma yanzu muna da gidajen tarihi, farashi, kuɗi, da kulawa. Har zuwa lokacin, yanayi ne mai natsuwa. A lokacin ne na fara fahimtar cewa ni mace ce, kuma ina da "yanayi".
Elaine de Kooning kwararriyar mai zane ce a fannin zane-zane, mai sukar fasaha, mai fafutukar siyasa, malamar makaranta, kuma "mai zane mafi sauri a gari", amma waɗannan nasarorin galibi suna ƙasa da na Mrs. Willem de Kooning, wacce take da "Astract Expressionism". rabin ma'aurata ne.
Babban bayanin birnin fasaha ya nuna cewa shekaru ashirin na rabuwarta da William—sun sulhunta lokacin da take cikin shekarunta hamsin—lokaci ne na ci gaban kai da fasaha. Ta samu kwarin gwiwa daga fadan bijimai da ta gani a lokacin tafiye-tafiyenta, ta mayar da kallonta na mata mai kuzari ga maza kuma aka ba ta aikin zana hoton Shugaba Kennedy a hukumance:
Duk zane-zanen rayuwarsa dole ne a yi su da sauri, yana kama siffofi da motsin rai, rabin a matsayin haddacewa, ko da a ganina, tunda bai taɓa zama shiru ba. Maimakon ya yi kama da wanda ya damu, sai ya zauna kamar ɗan wasa ko ɗalibi na kwaleji, yana tsalle a kan kujera. Da farko, wannan ra'ayin ƙuruciya ya shiga tsakani, domin bai taɓa zama shiru ba.
Kamar Krasner da Elaine de Kooning, Helen Frankenthaler ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu ra'ayin bayyana ra'ayi na zinare, amma ba a ƙaddara ta taka rawar gani ba ga mijinta, Robert Motherwell.
Wannan tabbas ya faru ne saboda ci gaban da ta samu a fasahar "nutse fenti", inda ta zuba fenti mai da aka narkar da shi a cikin turpentine kai tsaye a kan wani zane da ba a yi masa fenti ba.
Da suka ziyarci ɗakin studio na Frankenthaler, inda suka ga tsaunuka da tekuna masu ban mamaki a sama, masu zane-zanen zane-zane Kenneth Nolan da Maurice Lewis suma sun yi amfani da wannan dabarar, tare da hangen nesanta na faɗin, mai launin lebur, wanda daga baya aka sani da zanen gamut.
Kamar Pollock, an nuna Frankenthaler a mujallar LIFE, kodayake kamar yadda Art She Says ta nuna, ba duk bayanan mawakan LIFE iri ɗaya bane:
Tattaunawar da ke tsakanin waɗannan waƙoƙin guda biyu ta zama kamar labari ne na ƙarfin maza da kuma kame kai na mata. Duk da cewa matsayin Pollock da ya fi rinjaye muhimmin ɓangare ne na ayyukansa na fasaha, matsalar ba wai yana tsaye ba ne, tana zaune ne. Maimakon haka, ta hanyar Pollock ne za mu iya duba ɓangaren da ya fi zafi da kuma sabon salon aikinsa. Sabanin haka, Frankenthaler Parks ya ƙarfafa ra'ayinmu na masu fasaha mata waɗanda aka ƙera su da kyau, waɗanda aka ƙera su da kyau kamar yadda suka ƙirƙira. Ko da yake ayyukan suna da kama da na zahiri da na zahiri, ana ɗaukar kowane bugun yana wakiltar lokacin da aka ƙididdige, mara aibi na wayewar gani.
Akwai batutuwa guda uku da ba na son tattaunawa a kansu: auren da na yi a baya, masu fasaha da kuma ra'ayina game da mutanen zamanin nan.
Ga waɗanda ke son ƙarin koyo game da waɗannan masu zane-zane guda uku, Penn da Schuwell suna ba da shawarwarin littattafai masu zuwa:
Matan Titin Tara: Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning, Grace Hartigan, Joan Mitchell, da Helen Frankenthaler: Mawakan Biyar da Ƙungiyar da ta Canza Fasaha ta Zamani ta Mary Gabriel
Mawakan mata uku: Amy von Lintel, Bonnie Roos da sauransu sun faɗaɗa Abstract Expressionism zuwa Yammacin Amurka.
Mata Masu Jagoranci a Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Bauhaus: Gano Gertrud Arndt, Marianne Brandt, Anna Albers da Sauran Masu Ƙirƙira da Aka Manta
Yawon shakatawa na mintuna shida na zane-zane na zamani: yadda ake tafiya daga Abincin Rana na Manet na 1862 akan Tsirrai zuwa zanen drip na Jackson Pollock na 1950s
Fushin Nazi mai muni game da zane-zane marasa tsari da kuma "Nunin Fasaha Mai Lalacewa" na 1937.
— Ayun Holliday babbar masaniyar dabbobi ce a mujallar East Village Inky kuma kwanan nan marubucin Creative But Not Famous: The Little Potato Manifesto. Ku biyo ta @AyunHalliday.
Muna son dogara ga masu karatunmu masu aminci, ba tallan da ba ya canzawa. Don tallafawa manufar ilimi ta Buɗe Al'adu, yi la'akari da bayar da gudummawa. Muna karɓar PayPal, Venmo (@openculture), Patreon da Crypto! Nemo duk zaɓuɓɓuka a nan. Muna gode muku!
Rashin shiga Alma W. Thomas baƙar fata ce mai ra'ayin Abstract Expressionist wadda ita ce mace ta farko baƙar fata da ta shiga "makarantar" ra'ayoyi (Makarantar Launi ta Washington) kuma ta farko a Whitby. Baƙar fata mace mai wasan kwaikwayo a Ni, mace ta farko mai zane-zane wacce Fadar White House ta sayi aikinta na baƙar fata - abin dariya da baƙin ciki, abin da ya saba da yadda ake manta da masu zane-zane baƙar fata. Aikinta yanzu yana kammala nazari a gidajen tarihi guda 4 na birni, kuma an nuna wani ɗan gajeren fim game da rayuwarta da aikinta a bukukuwa sama da 38 a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. https://missalmathomas.com https://columbusmuseum.com/alma-w-thomas/about-alma-w-thomas.html
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