Nws yog ob qho tib si tshiab thiab xav tsis thoob uas cov neeg ua yeeb yam James Payne thiab Joan Sherwell tau xaiv los sawv cev rau peb tus kws ua yeeb yam los ntawm New York hauv lawv cov koob Great Cities of Art Explained.
Cov txiv neej no yuav yog qhov kev xaiv pom tseeb, txawm hais tias tsuas yog ib tus ntawm peb tus, Basquiat, yog ib tug neeg nyob hauv New York.
Peb tus kws kos duab abstract los ntawm New York - Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning thiab Helen Frankenthaler.
Cov poj niam no tau pab txhawb nqa lub zog no heev, tab sis Krasner thiab de Kooning siv lawv txoj haujlwm feem ntau nyob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lawv cov txiv neej nto moo, cov neeg kos duab abstract expressionist Jackson Pollock thiab Willem de Kooning.
New York Abstract Expressionism tau rhuav tshem Paris ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntiaj teb kos duab thiab dhau los ua lub zog txiv neej tshaj plaws. Krasner, Frankenthaler thiab Elaine de Kooning feem ntau hnov ​​​​​​lawv cov haujlwm hu ua "poj niam", "lyrical" lossis "subtle", uas txhais tau tias lawv qis dua me ntsis.
Hans Hofmann yog ib tug kws kos duab abstract expressionist uas khiav Krasner lub studio ntawm 8th Street, qhov chaw uas nws tau kawm tom qab kawm ntawm Cooper Union, Art Students League thiab National Academy of Design thiab ua haujlwm rau WPA Federal Art Project. Muaj ib zaug nws qhuas ib daim duab ntawm nws, hais tias, "Nws zoo heev uas koj yuav tsis ntseeg tias nws yog ib tug poj niam ua."
Penn thiab Showell piav qhia txog Krasner uas twb tau tsim tsa hauv ntiaj teb kos duab New York lawm, muaj kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb nrog Pollock hauv lawv cov haujlwm, uas tau nthuav tawm nrog rau Picasso, Matisse thiab Georges Braque. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, nws tau pib muaj kev hlub nrog Pollock. Ntawm kev nthuav qhia tseem ceeb xyoo 1942 ntawm cov duab kos Fabkis thiab Asmeskas ntawm Macmillan Gallery.
Lawv tau sib yuav thiab tsiv mus rau Long Island, tab sis tsis tau ua tiav qhov kev tsom mus rau Kibosh rau lawv cov dej haus thiab cov haujlwm sab nraum zoov. Nws tau yuav ib lub tsev cog khoom hauv av rau nws lub chaw ua haujlwm, thiab nws tau ua tiav chav pw.
Thaum Pollock nto moo tsuag cov ntaub canvas loj loj rau hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev cog khoom, Krasner tau tsim cov duab me me rau ntawm lub rooj, qee zaum thov xim ncaj qha los ntawm lub raj.
Krasner piv cov cim rau cov tsiaj ntawv Hebrew, uas nws tau kawm thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus tab sis tam sim no nws nyeem tsis tau lossis sau tsis tau. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li nws hais, nws xav tsim ib hom lus cim tus kheej uas tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb.
Tom qab Pollock tuag hauv kev sib tsoo tsav tsheb qaug cawv - nws tus poj niam tseem muaj sia nyob - Krasner hais tias lub studio barn yog rau nws tus kheej xyaum.
Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam hloov pauv. Nws txoj haujlwm tsis yog tsuas yog loj dua xwb, tab sis nws kuj tau txais kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm lub cev tag nrho hauv cov txheej txheem muaj tswv yim.
Kaum xyoo tom qab, nws muaj nws thawj qhov kev nthuav qhia ib leeg hauv New York, thiab xyoo 1984, rau lub hlis ua ntej nws tuag, MoMA tau tuav ib qho kev rov qab saib dua rau nws.
Xyoo 1978, hauv kev xam phaj nrog Inside New York's Art World, Krasner tau hais tias thaum ub, nws poj niam txiv neej tsis cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm li cas.
Kuv mus kawm ntawv theem siab nrog cov poj niam ua yeeb yam xwb, txhua tus poj niam. Thiab tom qab ntawd kuv nyob ntawm Cooper Union, lub tsev kawm ntawv kos duab rau cov ntxhais, txhua tus poj niam ua yeeb yam, thiab txawm tias thaum kuv tom qab hauv WPA, koj paub, nws tsis yog qhov txawv txawv uas yog poj niam thiab ua tus kws kos duab. Txhua yam no pib tshwm sim lig heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov chaw tsiv los ntawm nruab nrab Paris mus rau New York, kuv xav tias lub sijhawm no hu ua abstract expressionism, thiab tam sim no peb muaj cov chaw ua yeeb yam, cov nqi, nyiaj txiag, kev saib xyuas. Txog thaum ntawd, nws tau yog qhov chaw ntsiag to heev. Nws yog thaum ntawd kuv thawj zaug paub tias kuv yog poj niam, thiab kuv muaj "xwm txheej".
Elaine de Kooning yog ib tug kws kos duab abstract portrait, ib tug kws thuam kos duab, ib tug neeg tawm tsam nom tswv, ib tug xib fwb, thiab ib tug "tus kws kos duab ceev tshaj plaws hauv nroog", tab sis cov kev ua tiav no feem ntau qis dua li Mrs. Willem de Kooning, uas nws ob tug yog "Abstract Expressionism". ib nrab ntawm ob niam txiv.
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub nroog loj ntawm kev kos duab qhia tau hais tias nws ob xyoo caum ntawm kev sib cais ntawm William - lawv tau sib haum xeeb thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog tsib caug xyoo - yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej thiab kev kos duab. Tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuj uas nws tau pom thaum nws mus ncig, nws tig nws lub qhov muag poj niam muaj zog mus rau cov txiv neej thiab tau raug xaiv los pleev xim rau daim duab ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Kennedy:
Tag nrho nws cov duab kos hauv nws lub neej yuav tsum tau ua sai sai, nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv thiab cov lus piav tes, ib nrab yog kev cim xeeb, txawm tias hauv kuv lub tswv yim, vim nws yeej tsis zaum twj ywm. Tsis txhob zoo li ntxhov siab, nws zaum zoo li ib tug neeg ncaws pob lossis ib tug tub ntxhais kawm qib siab, dhia ncig hauv nws lub rooj zaum. Thaum xub thawj, qhov kev xav ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas no cuam tshuam, vim nws yeej tsis zaum twj ywm.
Ib yam li Krasner thiab Elaine de Kooning, Helen Frankenthaler yog ib feem ntawm cov neeg kos duab zoo nkauj, tab sis nws tsis tau raug xaiv los ua tus thib ob rau nws tus txiv, Robert Motherwell.
Qhov no yeej yog vim nws txoj kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheem "dip-painting", uas nws nchuav cov xim roj uas tau diluted hauv turpentine ncaj qha rau ntawm daim ntaub canvas uas tsis tau primed pw tiaj tus.
Mus xyuas Frankenthaler lub studio, qhov chaw uas lawv pom nws cov roob thiab dej hiav txwv uas muaj npe nrov saum toj no, cov neeg pleev xim abstract Kenneth Nolan thiab Maurice Lewis kuj tau siv cov txheej txheem no, nrog rau nws lub zeem muag rau cov xim dav, tiaj tus, tom qab ntawd hu ua gamut painting.
Ib yam li Pollock, Frankenthaler tau tshwm sim hauv LIFE magazine, txawm hais tias Art She Says taw qhia, tsis yog txhua tus LIFE artist profiles zoo ib yam:
Cov kev sib tham ntawm ob qho kev sib txuas lus no zoo li yog ib zaj dab neeg ntawm lub zog txiv neej txiav txim siab hauv zej zog thiab kev tswj tus kheej ntawm poj niam. Txawm hais tias Pollock txoj kev sawv cev tseem ceeb yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev xyaum ua yeeb yam, qhov teeb meem tsis yog tias nws sawv, nws zaum. Tiam sis, nws yog los ntawm Pollock uas peb tuaj yeem saib mus rau sab ze ntawm nws txoj kev xyaum mob thiab tshiab. Los ntawm qhov sib piv, Frankenthaler Parks txhawb nqa peb lub tswv yim ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam poj niam ua tib zoo ua, cov duab chiselled zoo meej li cov masterpieces uas lawv tsim. Txawm hais tias cov khoom zoo li abstract thiab visceral, txhua qhov stroke yog suav tias yog sawv cev rau lub sijhawm xam, flawless lub sijhawm ntawm kev pom kev.
Muaj peb lub ncauj lus uas kuv tsis nyiam tham txog: kuv txoj kev sib yuav yav dhau los, cov kws kos duab thiab kuv cov kev xav txog cov neeg niaj hnub no.
Rau cov neeg uas xav paub ntxiv txog peb tus kws kos duab abstract no, Penn thiab Schuwell muab cov lus qhia hauv qab no:
Cov Poj Niam ntawm Txoj Kev Cuaj: Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning, Grace Hartigan, Joan Mitchell, thiab Helen Frankenthaler: Tsib Tus Kws Ua Yeeb Yam thiab Kev Txav Mus Los Uas Hloov Cov Duab Kos Niaj Hnub los ntawm Mary Gabriel
Peb tug poj niam kws kos duab: Amy von Lintel, Bonnie Roos thiab lwm tus tau nthuav dav Abstract Expressionism mus rau hauv American West.
Cov Poj Niam Ua Thawj Coj ntawm Bauhaus Art Movement: Kev Tshawb Pom ntawm Gertrud Arndt, Marianne Brandt, Anna Albers thiab Lwm Cov Neeg Tsim Kho Tshiab Tsis Nco Qab
Kev ncig xyuas sai rau feeb ntawm kev kos duab niaj hnub no: yuav ua li cas mus ntawm Manet xyoo 1862 Noj su ntawm cov nyom mus rau Jackson Pollock xyoo 1950s drip painting
Kev npau taws ntawm Nazi tawm tsam kev kos duab abstract thiab "Degenerate Art Exhibition" xyoo 1937.
— Ayun Holliday yog tus thawj coj tshawb nrhiav tsiaj txhu ntawm East Village Inky magazine thiab tsis ntev los no yog tus sau ntawm Creative But Not Famous: The Little Potato Manifesto. Ua raws li nws @AyunHalliday.
Peb xav vam khom peb cov neeg nyeem ntawv ncaj ncees, tsis yog kev tshaj tawm tsis ruaj khov. Txhawm rau txhawb nqa lub hom phiaj kev kawm ntawm Open Culture, xav txog kev pub nyiaj. Peb lees txais PayPal, Venmo (@openculture), Patreon thiab Crypto! Nrhiav txhua txoj kev xaiv ntawm no. Peb ua tsaug!
Qhov uas tsis muaj Alma W. Thomas yog ib tug poj niam dub uas nyiam kos duab Abstract Expressionist uas yog thawj tug poj niam dub uas koom nrog "tsev kawm ntawv" ntawm cov tswv yim (Washington School of Color) thiab thawj tus hauv Whitby. Ib tug poj niam dub uas muaj kev ua yeeb yam ib leeg hauv Ni, thawj tus poj niam kos duab uas nws cov haujlwm dub tau raug yuav los ntawm Tsev Dawb - lom zem thiab tu siab, feem ntau ntawm cov kws kos duab dub raug tso tseg. Nws cov haujlwm tam sim no ua tiav kev rov qab saib dua ntawm 4 lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv nroog, thiab zaj yeeb yaj kiab luv luv txog nws lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm tau raug tso tawm ntawm ntau dua 38 lub koob tsheej hauv xyoo tas los. https://missalmathomas.com https://columbusmuseum.com/alma-w-thomas/about-alma-w-thomas.html
Tau txais cov peev txheej kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws hauv web, xa email rau koj txhua hnub. Peb yeej tsis xa spam. Tshem tawm kev sau npe txhua lub sijhawm.
Open Culture tshawb nrhiav hauv internet rau cov xov xwm kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws. Peb nrhiav tau cov chav kawm pub dawb thiab cov phau ntawv suab uas koj xav tau, cov lus qhia lus & cov yeeb yaj kiab kev kawm uas koj xav tau, thiab ntau yam kev paub ntxiv nyob nruab nrab. Peb nrhiav tau cov chav kawm pub dawb thiab cov phau ntawv suab uas koj xav tau, cov lus qhia lus & cov yeeb yaj kiab kev kawm uas koj xav tau, thiab ntau yam kev paub ntxiv nyob nruab nrab.Peb nrhiav tau cov chav kawm pub dawb thiab cov phau ntawv audiobooks uas koj xav tau, cov lus qhia lus thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab kev kawm uas koj xav tau, thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv kawm.Peb nrhiav tau cov lus qhia pub dawb thiab cov phau ntawv audiobooks uas koj xav tau, cov lus qhia lus thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab kev kawm uas koj xav tau, thiab ntau yam kev tshoov siab nyob nruab nrab.