Ikoresheje ibikoresho bya porogaramu ya 3D Spark, itsinda ryasesenguye ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku kiguzi cy'umusaruro. Bimwe muri byo ni umwihariko w'ibice, mu gihe ibindi ari umwihariko w'ibikorwa. Urugero, yerekeza ibice kugira ngo ugabanye inkunga kandi wongere ubuso bushobora kubakwa.
Mu kwigana imbaraga ziri ku ruhande rumwe, ibi bikoresho bishobora gukuraho ibikoresho bitagira ingaruka nini. Ibi bituma ibiro bigabanukaho 35%. Ibikoresho bike kandi bivuze ko igihe cyo gucapa cyihuta, bikanagabanya ikiguzi.
Mu by’ukuri, ibyo bakora ntibikwiye kuba bishya ku muntu wese ukora ibijyanye no gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D. Ni byiza gutegura igice mu buryo bukwiye. Twabonye imyanda ikurwaho mu icapiro rya 3D no mu nganda zisanzwe. Ikintu gishimishije cyane ni ugukoresha ibikoresho bifasha mu gukora ubu buryo bwo kunoza. Ntituzi amafaranga porogaramu izatwara, kandi turakeka ko itagenewe isoko ry’abakunda gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D. Ariko twibaza icyakorwa, dukeka ko hamwe no gusiga amavuta mu mavi no gukoresha porogaramu zihari, ushobora kubona ibisubizo bisa.
Mu by’ukuri, igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora gukora isesengura ry’ibintu bingana kigomba kuba gishobora kumenya ibikoresho bigomba gukurwaho. Twabonye ko abakora imodoka bakoresha icapiro rya 3D.
"Mu kwigana imbaraga ziri ku ruhande, ibi bikoresho bishobora gukuraho ibintu bidafite ingaruka zikomeye. Sindi injeniyeri, ariko nasomye ibi maze ntekereza Finite Element Analysis. Hanyuma narakubonye mu nteruro ibanziriza iyi. Nabivuzeho. Birumvikana ko abakora imodoka basanzwe babikora. Ese tugereranya uburyo? Ese iyi moderi itanga imbaraga mu bihe byihutirwa ndetse no mu ikoreshwa risanzwe?"
Buri nkengero, ikibaya n'ifishi bisaba igihe cy'imashini n'uburyo ibikoresho byangirika. Hari izindi mpinduka z'ibikoresho zishobora gukenerwa, kandi iyo ukoresheje ubundi buso, ibice bishobora gukenera guhindurwa no kongera gushyirwaho kugira ngo bishyirwe mu cyerekezo gishobora gukora imifuka myinshi - niba bishoboka ko bifite igikoresho gikwiye hirya no hino.
Ndatekereza ko ushobora gukoresha imashini ifite ubwisanzure bwinshi kugira ngo uhindure igice ku nguni nziza… Ariko se ku giciro kingana iki?
Ubusanzwe gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D nta mbogamizi nk'izo bigira, bigatuma ibice bigoye byoroha nk'uko byoroshye.
Ku rundi ruhande, inyungu yo gukoresha imashini gakondo yo gukata ni uko ibikoresho biba bifite isura ya isotropic, kandi bifite imbaraga zingana mu cyerekezo icyo ari cyo cyose, kandi nta hantu imbere hameze neza, ntugomba guhangayikishwa no gufatana nabi bitewe no gushonga nabi. Birashoboka kandi kunyura mu ruganda rukora (intambwe ihendutse) kugira ngo rugire imiterere myiza y'ingano.
Uburyo bwose bwo gucapa bwa 3D bufite imbogamizi ku miterere. Ndetse n'ibice bya SLM. Nkuko ushobora kubitekereza, imiterere ya SLM yo mu bwoko bwa isotropic ntacyo ivuze. Imashini n'imikorere bikoreshwa buri munsi bitanga umusaruro uhoraho.
Ariko, ibiciro ubwabyo ni ikindi kintu gikomeye. Mu nganda z’indege, gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D biragoye guhangana.
Navuga ko inganda z’indege ari hamwe mu hantu hake hashobora gusobanurwa ikiguzi cyo gucapa ibyuma mu buryo bwa 3D. Ikiguzi cy’ibanze cyo gukora ni igice gito cyane ugereranyije n’ikiguzi cy’ikintu cyo mu kirere, kandi uburemere ni ingenzi cyane ku buryo byoroshye kugikoresha. Ugereranyije n’ibiciro biri hejuru cyane byo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibice bivanze, gucapa by’abahanga no kugenzura ingano y’ibikoresho bishobora gutanga kuzigama amafaranga nyayo no guhumeka umwuka mwiza.
Urugero rugaragara cyane ni ikintu cyose cyacapwe muri moteri za roketi muri iki gihe. Ushobora gukuraho ingingo nyinshi z’ubwiza budashimishije mu miyoboro igoye mu gihe ugabanya igihombo n’uburemere bw’imiyoboro isubira inyuma. Ndatekereza ko hari imiyoboro ya moteri yacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D (wenda superdraco?). Ndibuka gato inkuru z’ubwoko bumwe bw’icyuma cyacapwe ku ndege za Boeing.
Ibikoresho nka jammers nshya za Navy n'ibindi bikorwa bishya bishobora kuba bifite uduce twinshi twacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D. Akamaro k'ibice byakozwe neza mu bijyanye na topology ni uko isesengura ry'imbaraga ryinjizwa mu buryo bwo gushushanya kandi isesengura ry'umunaniro rifitanye isano itaziguye na ryo.
Ariko, hazabaho igihe runaka mbere yuko ibintu nka DMLS bihinduka mu modoka no mu nganda. Uburemere ntabwo ari ngombwa cyane.
Imwe mu mikoreshereze yayo ikora neza ni mu manifolds ya hydraulic/pneumatic. Ubushobozi bwo gukora imiyoboro igoramye n'ibinogo byo gupfunyika ni ingirakamaro cyane. Nanone, kugira ngo ubone icyemezo, ugomba gukora ikizamini cya stress 100%, bityo ntukeneye ikintu gikomeye cy'umutekano (stress iba iri hejuru cyane).
Ikibazo ni uko amasosiyete menshi yirata ko afite imashini isohora amashusho ya SLM, ariko bake ni bo bazi uburyo bwo kuyikoresha. Izi mashini zikoreshwa gusa mu gushushanya vuba kandi akenshi ntizikora. Kubera ko ibi bigifatwa nk'ahantu hashya, mashini zisohora amashusho zitezweho kugabanuka nk'amata kandi zigomba gukurwaho mu myaka 5. Ibi bivuze ko nubwo igiciro nyacyo gishobora kuba gito cyane, kubona igiciro cyiza ku kazi ko gukora biragoye cyane.
Nanone, ubwiza bw'icapiro bushingiye ku buryo ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho butwara, bivuze ko aluminiyumu ikunda gukora ubukana bw'ubuso bushobora gutera imikorere ibabaza (si uko manifold ibukeneye niba urimo kuyishushanya). Nanone, nubwo TiAlV6 icapura neza kandi ifite imbaraga nziza kurusha urwego rw'ibanze rwa 5, aluminiyumu iboneka cyane nka AlSi10Mg, atari yo aluminiyumu ikomeye cyane. T6, nubwo ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gushushanya ibikoresho bimwe, ntabwo ikwiriye ibice bya SLM. Scalmaloy ni nziza nanone ariko biragoye kuyiha uburenganzira, ni bake bayitanga, ushobora no gukoresha Ti ifite inkuta nto.
Amasosiyete menshi akeneye ukuboko n'ukuguru, ingero 20, n'umwana wawe wa mbere kugira ngo atunganye igice cyacapwe. Nubwo mu mikorere yacyo ari kimwe n'ibikoresho byakozwe mu mashini byatwaye indogobe n'amasenti imyaka myinshi, batekereza ko ibice byacapwe ari amayobera kandi abakiriya batekereza ko bafite imifuka minini. Nanone, amasosiyete yemewe na AS9100 muri rusange ntabura akazi kandi yishimira gukora ibyo amaze igihe kinini akora kandi azi ko ashobora kubikuramo amafaranga kandi akabikora adashinjwa impanuka y'indege.
Yego rero: inganda z’indege zishobora kungukira ku bice bya SLM, kandi zimwe muri zo zirabyungukiramo, ariko imico idasanzwe y’inganda n’amasosiyete atanga serivisi yahagaze mu myaka ya za 70, ibyo bigatuma ibintu bigorana gato. Iterambere nyaryo ni moteri, aho imashini zikoresha lisansi zacapwe zabaye ibisanzwe. Kuri twe ku giti cyacu, urugamba rwo gutanga ASML ni urugamba rukomeye.
Umuyoboro wo gusohora umwuka wo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D mu cyuma kitagira umugese P-51D. https://www.3dmpmag.com/article/?/powder-bed-systems/laser/a-role-in-military-fleet-readiness
Izindi mpamvu zijyanye n'ikiguzi cyo gukora imashini ni uburyo bwo gucunga igihombo cy'ibikoresho bikonjesha giterwa no gushonga no guhumeka. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bigomba gutunganywa. Kugabanuka kw'ibicuruzwa mu bwinshi bishobora gutuma habaho kuzigama amafaranga menshi.
Ibi bikunze kwitwa imiterere ya topology, kandi nk'uko wabitekereza, ni urundi rwego rw'isesengura hejuru ya FEA. Byatangiye gukoreshwa mu myaka mike ishize kuko ibikoresho byarushijeho kuboneka.
Igihe cyose ubonye izina rya Fraunhofer, riba rifite uburenganzira bwo kurikoresha kandi umuryango w’ababikora uzahagarikwa kurikoresha igihe kirekire cyane.
Mu yandi magambo: twavumbuye uburyo bushya bwo kwemeza ko imodoka yawe igusimbuzwa vuba garanti yawe irangiye.
Simbona isano iri hagati y'amapine y'inzugi zoroheje n'umugambi mubi utuma ujugunya imodoka yawe yose mu myanda?
Gusesengura ubuzima bw'umunaniro ni kimwe; iyo wongereye imbaraga z'ibikoresho gusa, uzasanga ufite igice kitazakora.
Nubwo bayikoze yagabanutse cyane nkana, ntabwo izarambirana nyuma gato y’uko garanti irangiye, ni ikintu gito cyane, ariko ni nshya, kandi ntabwo bishoboka ko uzajugunya imodoka yose… hazabaho indi modoka mu gihe cyose imodoka izaba ikiriho, kuko muri rusange iracyari nziza, ariko icyo gice cyoroshye/gihendutse cyo kuyisimbura kirashaje – nta gishya kirimo…
Mu by’ukuri, kugira ngo igenzure neza ko yujuje ibisabwa mu by’umutekano n’ibindi, ishobora kuba ikiri kuvugururwa cyane, kimwe n’intebe/imizigo myinshi y’imodoka, bitewe n’imihangayiko izahura nayo mu ikoreshwa risanzwe. . aho igurishirizwa, keretse iyo amategeko abiteganya mu gace utuyemo.
“Ni agakoresho gato” ariko nanone ni urugero rwo gushushanya igice cy’ubuzima runaka. Iyo gishyizwe ku kindi gice cy’imodoka yawe, imodoka yawe izahinduka ikibazo mu gihe runaka.
Iki gisambo ni ingaruka z'uburinzi bwabo bwa patenti (MP3, ndabona!).
Ubukungu bwose bwa Amerika bwubatswe ku "kigega" nk'icyo. Dukurikije amahame amwe n'amwe, burakora :-/.
Fraunhofer yakoze siyansi nyinshi. Ntabwo yakoze ubushakashatsi gusa, ahubwo yanakoze ubushakashatsi bw'ibanze. Byose bisaba amafaranga. Niba ushaka kubikora udafite patenti n'impushya, ugomba kubaha inkunga ya leta. Hamwe n'impushya n'impushya, abantu bo mu bindi bihugu nabo bishyura bimwe mu kiguzi kuko nabo bungukira ku ikoranabuhanga. Byongeye kandi, ubu bushakashatsi bwose ni ingenzi cyane mu gukomeza guhangana kw'inganda.
Nk’uko urubuga rwabo rubivuga, igice cy’umusoro wawe ni hafi 30% (Grundfinanzierung), andi asigaye anaturuka ku masoko aboneka ku yandi masosiyete. Amafaranga yinjira kuri patenti ashobora kuba ari igice cya 70%, bityo rero niba utayashyize mu bikorwa, iterambere rizaba rike cyangwa imisoro myinshi.
Kubera impamvu itazwi, icyuma kidafunze kirabujijwe kandi ntikikunzwe n'ibice bigize umubiri, moteri, transmission ndetse n'ibice biyihagarika. Idafunze iboneka gusa mu miyoboro ihenze isohora umwuka, izaba ari nk'iy'imyanda nka AISI 410 ya martensitic, niba ushaka isohoka ry'umwuka ryiza kandi rirambye ugomba gukoresha AISI 304/316 ubwawe kugira ngo ukore ikintu nk'icyo.
Bityo imyobo yose iri muri bene ibyo bice izahita ifunze n'ubutaka butose kandi ibice bizatangira kwangirika vuba cyane. Kubera ko igice cyagenewe uburemere buke bushoboka, ingese iyo ari yo yose izahita ituma kidakora neza cyane. Wagira amahirwe iyo icyo gice kiba ari umugozi w'urugi gusa, cyangwa icyuma cyo imbere cyangwa lever kitari ngombwa cyane. Niba ufite ibice byo guhagarara, ibice byo gutwara cyangwa ikindi nk'icyo, uri mu kaga gakomeye.
PS: Hari uzi imodoka y'icyuma kitagira umugese yahuye n'ubushuhe, irangi n'umwanda hirya no hino ndetse n'ibyinshi mu bikoresho byayo? Amaboko yose yo guhagarara, amabati yo gushyushya umuyaga, n'ibindi bishobora kugurwa ku giciro icyo ari cyo cyose. Nzi DeLorean, ariko ikibabaje ni uko ifite gusa amabati yo hanze y'icyuma kitagira umugese ntabwo ifite imiterere yose y'umubiri n'ibindi bintu by'ingenzi.
Nakwishyura amafaranga menshi ku modoka ifite icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese/umurabyo/umusemburo/uburyo bwo gusohora umwuka, ariko ibyo bivuze ko nta giciro gikwiye. Ibikoresho ntabwo bihenze gusa, ahubwo biranagoye kubibumba no kubisudira. Ndakeka ko ibice bya moteri n'imitwe y'icyuma kitagira umugese bifite ishingiro.
Biragoye cyane. Dukurikije amahame yo gukoresha lisansi muri iki gihe, nta nyungu ibyuma bitagira umugese bifite. Bizatwara imyaka myinshi kugira ngo imodoka ikoreshwe cyane cyane mu byuma bitagira umugese igabanuke kugira ngo yongere kugira ubuzima bwiza.
Ubitekereza ute? Icyuma kidafunze gifite ubucucike bumwe ariko gifite imbaraga nkeya. (AISI 304 – 8000 kg/m^3 na 500 MPa, 945 – 7900-8100 kg/m^3 na 450 MPa). Kubera ubunini bw'urupapuro bumwe, icyuma kidafunze gifite uburemere bumwe n'ubw'icyuma gisanzwe. Kandi ntukeneye kugisiga irangi, bityo nta primer/irangi/varnish y'inyongera.
Yego, imodoka zimwe na zimwe zikozwe muri aluminiyumu cyangwa titaniyumu, bityo zikaba zoroshye, ariko ahanini ziba ziri ku isoko ryo hejuru kandi abaguzi nta kibazo bagira cyo kugura imodoka nshya buri mwaka. Byongeye kandi, aluminiyumu nayo iragwa ingese, rimwe na rimwe ikanarusha icyuma vuba.
Nta na rimwe icyuma kidashonga kigora gushushanya no gusudira. Ni kimwe mu bikoresho byoroshye gusudira, kandi kubera ko gifite ubushobozi bwo gukora kurusha icyuma gisanzwe, gishobora guhindurwamo imiterere igoye cyane. Reba amasafuriya, amasafuriya, n'ibindi bikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga biboneka henshi. Isafuriya nini ya AISI 304 ihendutse cyane kandi ifite imiterere ihambaye kurusha ikindi kintu cyose cy'imbere gikozwe muri iyo foil y'icyuma kibi. Ushobora gukora ibice by'umubiri byoroshye ukoresheje icyuma kidashonga cyiza ku bikoresho bisanzwe kandi ibyo bikoresho bizamara igihe kirekire. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, bamwe mu bantu bakora mu nganda z'imodoka rimwe na rimwe bakoraga ibice by'umubiri by'icyuma kidashonga ku bikoresho by'uruganda kugira ngo basimbuze imodoka zabo. Uracyashobora kubona Volga ya kera (GAZ-24) ifite hasi, igiti cyangwa amababa ikozwe mu byuma bidashonga. Ariko ibi ntibyashobokaga nyuma y'isenyuka ry'Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti. Sinzi impamvu n'uko byagenze, none ntawe uzemera kugukorera amafaranga. Sinigeze numva ibice by'umubiri by'icyuma kidashonga bikorerwa mu nganda z'iburengerazuba cyangwa mu bihugu bya gatatu. Icyo nashoboye kubona ni jeep y'icyuma kidashonga, ariko NDABIZI, amapine y'icyuma kidashonga yakopeshejwe n'intoki, ntabwo ari uruganda. Hariho kandi inkuru y'abafana ba WV Golf Mk2 bagerageza gutumiza itsinda ry'ibyuma bidashonga bivuye ku nganda zikora ibikoresho bya nyuma nka Klokkerholm, akenshi babikora mu byuma bisanzwe. Aba bakinnyi bose bahise bahagarika ikiganiro icyo ari cyo cyose kuri iyi ngingo, ndetse ntibanavuge ku giciro. Bityo rero ntushobora no gutumiza ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose ku mafaranga muri aka gace, ndetse no ku bwinshi.
Yego, niyo mpamvu ntavuze moteri ku rutonde. Ingese ntabwo ari cyo kibazo nyamukuru cya moteri.
Ibyuma bitagira umuze birahenze cyane, yego, ariko agasanduku k'icyuma kitagira umuze ntabwo gakeneye gusigwa irangi na gato. Igiciro cy'igice cy'umubiri gisizwe irangi kiri hejuru cyane kurusha igice ubwacyo. Bityo, agasanduku k'icyuma kitagira umuze gashobora kuba gahendutse kurusha akari kameze nk'ingufu. kandi kazahoraho hafi iteka ryose. Simbuza gusa imigozi n'ingingo byashaje ku modoka yawe kandi ntuzakenera kugura imodoka nshya. Iyo byumvikana, ushobora no gusimbuza moteri ikintu cyiza kurushaho cyangwa se amashanyarazi. Nta gupfusha ubusa, nta kwangiza ibidukikije bitari ngombwa mu gihe wubaka imodoka nshya cyangwa ukoresha izishaje. Ariko kubera impamvu runaka, ubu buryo butangiza ibidukikije ntiburi mu rutonde rw'abahanga mu by'ibidukikije n'abakora.
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1970, abanyabukorikori bo muri Filipine bakoze ibice bishya by'umubiri bya Jeepneys by'icyuma kidashonga. Byari byubatswe mu modoka za Jeep zasigaye mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose n'Intambara ya Koreya, ariko ahagana mu 1978 byose byaraciwe kuko byashoboraga kwagura inyuma kugira ngo bitware abagenzi benshi. Bityo byabaye ngombwa ko bubaka ibishya kuva ku busa no gukoresha ibyuma bidashonga kugira ngo umubiri udashonga. Ku kirwa gikikijwe n'amazi y'umunyu, ibi ni byiza.
Ibyuma bitanduye nta bikoresho bingana n'icyuma cya HiTen bifite. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku mutekano, mwibuke ibizamini bya mbere bya euroNCAP ku modoka zo mu Bushinwa zitakoresheje ubwo bwoko bw'ibyuma byihariye. Ku bice bigoye, nta kintu na kimwe giruta icyuma cya GS: gihendutse, gifite ubushobozi bwo gucukura cyane kandi kidatwarwa n'ingese. Igiciro cya nyuma mu isanduku ni igiciro. Ibyuma bitanduye birahenze cyane. Bakoresha urugero rw'imodoka ya siporo ku mpamvu nziza aho igiciro ntacyo gitwaye, ariko kuri VW ntacyo bitwaye.
Ukoresheje urubuga rwacu na serivisi zacu, uba wemera byimazeyo ko cookies zacu zishyirwa mu bikorwa, imikorere n'amatangazo. Menya byinshi kuri cookies zacu.