Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu o te pūmanawa 3D Spark, i tātarihia e te tīma ngā āhuatanga maha e pā ana ki ngā utu whakaputa. Ko ētahi o ēnei he mea motuhake ki ngā wāhanga, ko ētahi he mea motuhake ki ngā tukanga. Hei tauira, te whakarite i ngā wāhanga hei whakaiti i ngā tautoko me te whakanui ake i ngā mata ka taea te hanga.
Mā te whakatauira i ngā kaha i te hononga, ka taea e ēnei taputapu te tango i ngā rauemi kāore he pānga nui. Ko te mutunga iho he 35% te whakahekenga taumaha. Ko te iti o ngā rauemi he tere ake te wā tā, ā, ka whakaitihia ake ngā utu.
Ki te pono, ehara i te mea hou ki te hunga e uru ana ki te tānga 3D tā rātou mahi. He mea tika kia whakaritea te wāhanga i roto i te huarahi whaitake. Kua kite mātou i te tangohanga o ngā para i roto i te tānga 3D me te hanga tuku iho. Ko te mea tino whakamere ko te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hei āwhina i te whakahaere aunoa i tēnei arotautanga. Kāore mātou i te mōhio he aha te utu o te pūmanawa, ā, e whakaaro ana mātou kāore i te aro ki te mākete tānga 3D a te hunga hobi. Engari i te whakaaro he aha te mea ka taea te mahi, e whakapae ana mātou mā te whakahinuhinu i te turi me te whakatauira i roto i ngā pūmanawa e wātea ana, ka taea e koe te whiwhi hua ōrite.
I roto i te ariā, ko tētahi taputapu e taea ai te mahi tātari huānga mutunga kore me āhei ki te whakatau i te rauemi hei tango. Kua kite mātou kei te whakamahi ngā kaihanga waka i te tānga 3D.
"Mā te whakatauira i ngā kaha i te hononga, ka taea e ēnei taputapu te tango i ngā rauemi kāore he pānga nui. Ehara ahau i te miihini, engari i pānui ahau i tēnei, ā, i whakaaro ahau ki te Tātari Huānga Mutunga Kore. Kātahi ka kite ahau i a koe i te rerenga tuarua. I whakahuatia e au. Ae, kua pena kē ngā kaihanga motuka. Me whakataurite tātou me pēhea? Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tauira te kaha i roto i te wā ohorere me te whakamahinga noa?"
Me roa te wā e whakamahia ana e te mīhini me te mau o ngā taputapu ki ia taha, ki ia awaawa, ki ia wahi tapahi. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia ētahi atu whakarerekētanga taputapu, ā, i te wā e mahi ana i runga i tētahi mata rerekē, me mīhini pea ngā wāhanga, me tāpiri anō kia puta ai he maha ngā pute – mēnā ka taea te whai taputapu tika mō te katoa.
Ki taku whakaaro ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini he nui ake ngā nekehanga herekore hei huri i te wāhanga ki te koki pai rawa atu… Engari he aha te utu?
Kāore he herenga āhua o te tānga 3D, e māmā ai ngā wāhanga uaua, pērā i ngā mea māmā noa iho.
I tētahi atu taha, ko te painga o te mīhini tango tuku iho ko te āhua o te rauemi he rite tonu te kaha ki ngā taha katoa, ā, ki te kore he papatahi o roto, kāore koe e manukanuka ki te hononga kino nā te kino o te sintering. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te mira hurihuri (he taahiraa iti te utu) kia pai ai te hanganga o te kōhao.
He herenga āhua tō ngā tikanga tā 3D katoa. Tae atu ki ētahi wāhanga o te SLM. E ai ki tāu e whakaaro ana, kāore he aha te āhua isotropic o te SLM. He tino ōrite ngā hua ka puta mai i ngā mīhini me ngā tukanga e whakamahia ana i ia rā.
Heoi anō, he uaua anō te utu. I roto i te umanga rererangi, he uaua te whakataetae pono i te tānga 3D.
Ki taku whakaaro ko te umanga rererangi tētahi o ngā wāhi ruarua ka taea te whakamāori i te utu o te tānga 3D whakarewa. He iti noa iho ngā utu hanga tuatahi i te utu o tētahi hua rererangi, ā, he mea nui te taumaha, he ngāwari te kimi i tētahi whakamahinga mōna. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā utu tino teitei o te whakapūmau kounga mō ngā wāhanga hiato, ka taea e te tukanga tānga matatau me te tirotiro i ngā rahinga nui te whakaora moni me te manawa hou.
Ko te tauira tino kitea ko ngā mea katoa e tāia ana i roto i ngā miihini rōkete o ēnei rā. Ka taea e koe te whakakore i ngā āhuatanga maha o te kounga koretake i roto i ngā paipa uaua, me te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga me te taumaha o ngā raina whakahoki. Ki taku whakaaro ko ētahi o ngā pūwero miihini he tānga 3D (ko superdraco pea?). Ka maumahara paku ahau ki ngā purongo mō tētahi momo whāriki whakarewa kua tāia ki runga i ngā rererangi Boeing.
Tērā pea he maha ngā whāriki tānga-3D mō ngā hua pēnei i ngā jammers hou a te Navy me ētahi atu whanaketanga hou. Ko te painga o ngā wāhanga kua arotauhia te āhua o te hanganga ko te whakaurunga o te tātaritanga kaha ki roto i te tukanga hoahoa, ā, e hono tika ana te tātaritanga ngenge ki tēnei.
Heoi, ka roa pea te wā i mua i te rongonuitanga o ngā mea pēnei i te DMLS i roto i ngā mahi motuka me te hanga. Kāore i te tino hira te taumaha.
Ko tētahi whakamahinga e pai ai te mahi ko ngā manifold waipēhi/hauā. He tino whai hua te kaha ki te hanga awaawa piko me ngā kōhao mō te takai whakawhāiti. Waihoki, mō ngā kaupapa tiwhikete, me mahi tonu e koe he whakamātautau ahotea 100%, nō reira kāore koe e hiahia ki tētahi tauwehenga haumaru nui (he tino teitei te ahotea).
Ko te raruraru, he maha ngā kamupene e whakamanamana ana mō te whai pūreretā SLM, engari he tokoiti noa iho e mōhio ana ki te whakamahi. Ka whakamahia noa ēnei pūreretā mō te hanga tauira tere, ā, he maha ngā wā kāore e mahi ana. I te mea he wāhi hou tonu tēnei, e tika ana kia heke te uara o ngā pūreretā pērā i te miraka, ā, me whakakore atu i roto i ngā tau e 5. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ahakoa he iti rawa te utu tuturu, he tino uaua te whiwhi i te utu tika mō te mahi whakaputa.
Waihoki, ko te kounga o te tānga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kawe wera o te rauemi, ko te tikanga ka hangaia e te konumohe he taratara o te mata ka arahi pea ki te mahi ngenge whakarihariha (ehara i te mea me whakamahi te manifold i ēnei mena kei te hoahoa koe mō tēnā). Waihoki, ahakoa he tino pai te tānga a TiAlV6, ā, he pai ake ōna āhuatanga kaha i te taumata turanga 5, ko te nuinga o te konumohe e wātea ana hei AlSi10Mg, ehara i te mea tino kaha. Ahakoa he pai te T6 mō ngā whakarewanga o taua rauemi, kāore e pai mō ngā wāhanga SLM. He pai anō a Scalmaloy engari he uaua ki te raihana, he iti noa iho e tuku ana, ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi i te Ti me ngā pakitara angiangi.
Ko te nuinga o ngā kamupene e hiahia ana ki tētahi ringa me tētahi waewae, ki ngā tauira e 20, me tāu tamaiti tuatahi hei tukatuka i te wāhanga kua tāia. Ahakoa he rite tonu te mahi ki ngā whakarewanga mīhini i pau i ngā tau maha ki te hanga, e whakaaro ana rātou he makutu ngā wāhanga kua tāia, ā, e whakaaro ana ngā kiritaki he nui ā rātou putea. Waihoki, ko ngā kamupene whai tiwhikete AS9100 kāore i te kore mahi, ā, e pai ana ki a rātou te mahi i tā rātou mahi mō te wā roa, ā, e mōhio ana rātou ka taea e rātou te whiwhi moni mai i taua mea, ā, ka taea e rātou te mahi me te kore e whakapaetia mō te tukinga o te waka rererangi.
Āe: ka taea e te umanga rererangi te whai hua mai i ngā wāhanga SLM, ā, ko ētahi o aua wāhanga e whai hua ana, engari ko ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te umanga me ngā kamupene e whakarato ana i te ratonga kua mau ki ngā tau 70, ā, ka uaua ake ngā mea. Ko te whanaketanga tūturu anake ko te miihini, kua noho noa ngā werohanga wahie tā. Ki a mātou ake nei, he pakanga uaua te pakanga mō te tuku mai i te ASML.
Paipa whakaputa hau mō te tānga 3D i roto i te kowiri tira P-51D. https://www.3dmpmag.com/article/?/powder-bed-systems/laser/a-role-in-military-fleet-readiness
Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā utu mīhini ko te whakahaere i ngā ngaronga o te whakamatao nā te pakaru me te mimiti. Hei tāpiri, me tukatuka ngā maramara. Mā te whakaiti i te hanga papatipu o ngā maramara ka hua ake he penapena nui.
E kiia ana tēnei ko te hoahoa āhuarangi, ā, e ai ki tāu e whakaaro nei, he taumata tātari anō tēnei i runga ake i te FEA. Kua tino kitea tēnei i ngā tau kua taha ake nei i te mea kua ngāwari ake te uru atu ki ngā taputapu.
Ina kite koe i te ingoa Fraunhofer, kua whai mana pateni, ā, ka āraia te whakamahi a te hapori kaihanga mō te wā roa.
Arā, kua hangaia e mātou tētahi huarahi hou hei whakarite kia whakakapia tō waka ina pau tō pūtāhui.
Kāore au e kite i te hononga i waenga i ngā inihi tatau māmā me tētahi mahi kino e mea ana i a koe kia maka katoa tō waka ki te paru?
He rerekē te tātari i te roa o te ora o te ngenge; ki te arotau noa koe i te kaha o te rauemi, ka mutu ka kore e mahi tetahi wāhanga.
Ahakoa i hangaia kia ngoikore rawa, e kore e ngenge wawe i muri i te mutunga o te pūtāhui, he hononga noa iho, engari he mea hou, ā, kāore pea e maka atu te motuka katoa … ka whakakapia he motuka i te roanga o te ora o te motuka, nā te mea he pai tonu te nuinga, engari kua tawhito te wāhanga whakakapinga iti te utu/ngāwari – kāore he mea hou mō tēnā…
I roto i te mahi, kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa haumaru, tera pea ka tino hangaia anōtia, pērā i te nuinga o ngā anga/tinana/nohoanga o te motuka, nā te taumahatanga ka pā ki a ia i te whakamahinga noa. te wāhi hoko, ki te kore e hiahiatia e te ture i tō rohe.
"He hononga noa iho tēnei" engari he tauira anō hoki mō te hoahoa i tētahi wāhanga mō tētahi oranga motuhake. Ina whakamahia ki te toenga o tō waka, ka pakaru tō waka i roto i tētahi wā.
Ko te hua o te whakama o ā rātou tiakitanga pateni (MP3, e kite ana ahau!).
Kei runga i tētahi "maramara" pēnei te hanganga o te ōhanga katoa o Amerika. E ai ki ētahi paerewa, ka mahi :-/.
He nui ngā mahi pūtaiao a Fraunhofer. Ehara i te mea ko ngā rangahau tono anake, engari ko ngā rangahau taketake anō hoki. He utu nui katoa. Ki te hiahia koe ki te mahi i tēnei me te kore he mana pateni me ngā raihana, me hoatu e koe he pūtea kāwanatanga ki a rātou. Mā ngā raihana me ngā mana pateni, ka utua hoki e te iwi o ētahi atu whenua ētahi o ngā utu nā te mea ka whai hua anō hoki rātou i te hangarau. Hei tāpiri, he mea tino nui ēnei rangahau katoa hei pupuri i te whakataetae o te umanga.
E ai ki tā rātou paetukutuku, ko tētahi wāhanga o tō taake he tata ki te 30% (Grundfinanzierung), ko te toenga ka ahu mai i ngā puna e wātea ana ki ētahi atu kamupene. Ko te moni whiwhi patent pea tētahi wāhanga o taua 70%, nō reira, ki te kore koe e whai whakaaro ki tēnā, ka iti ake te whanaketanga, ka nui ake rānei ngā taake.
Mō tētahi take kāore i te mōhiotia, kua āraia te maitai kore waikura, ā, kāore i te rongonui mō ngā wāhanga tinana, miihini, tuku me te whakatārewatanga. Ka kitea noa te maitai kore waikura i roto i ētahi paipa putanga hau utu nui, he para pērā i te martensitic AISI 410, ki te hiahia koe i tētahi putanga hau pai, pakari, me whakamahi koe i te AISI 304/316 hei hanga i tētahi mea pērā.
Nō reira, ka āraia ngā kōhao katoa o aua wāhanga e te oneone mākū, ā, ka tere te waikura o ngā wāhanga. Nā te mea he iti rawa te taumaha o te wāhanga, ka ngoikore tonu te waikura mō te mahi. He waimarie koe mēnā he inihi tatau noa iho taua wāhanga, he tautoko ā-roto, he rīpene rānei, he mea iti ake te hiranga. Mēnā he wāhanga whakatārewatanga, he wāhanga tuku, he mea pērā rānei āu, kei roto koe i te raruraru nui.
PS: Kei te mōhio tetahi ki tētahi waka kowiri tira kua pāngia e te makuku, te tango hukapapa me te paru i te nuinga o tōna tinana? Ka taea te hoko i ngā ringaringa whakatārewatanga katoa, ngā whare pā radiator, me ētahi atu mea i tētahi utu. E mōhio ana ahau mō te DeLorean, engari heoi anō, he kowiri tira anake ngā panera o waho, kāore i te hanganga tinana katoa me ētahi atu taipitopito nui.
He nui ake taku utu mō tētahi motuka he tinana/anga/whakatārewatanga/pūnaha whakaputa hau he kowiri tira, engari he ngoikoretanga utu tēnā. Ehara i te mea he nui ake te utu o te rauemi, engari he uaua ake hoki te hanga me te whakarewa. Kāore au i te tino mōhio he tika ngā poraka me ngā pane miihini he kowiri tira.
He tino uaua hoki. E ai ki ngā paerewa penapena wahie o ēnei rā, kāore he painga o te maitai kore waikura. Ka roa ngā tekau tau ki te whakakore i te utu waro o tētahi motuka i hangaia i te maitai kore waikura kia hoki mai ai ngā painga o te roa o te rauemi.
He aha koe i whakaaro ai? He rite tonu te matotoru o te maitai kore waikura engari he paku kaha ake. (AISI 304 – 8000 kg/m^3 me te 500 MPa, 945 – 7900-8100 kg/m^3 me te 450 MPa). Mēnā he rite te matotoru o te pepa, he rite te taumaha o te tinana maitai kore waikura ki te tinana maitai noa. Ā, kāore koe e hiahia ki te peita i a rātou, nō reira kāore he paninga/peita/varnish tāpiri.
Ae, ko ētahi waka he mea hanga ki te konumohe, ki te titanium rānei, nō reira he mama ake, engari ko te nuinga kei roto i te wāhanga mākete teitei, ā, kāore he raruraru o ngā kaihoko ki te hoko waka hou i ia tau. Hei tāpiri, ka waikura hoki te konumohe, i ētahi wā he tere ake i te maitai.
Kāore rawa he uaua ake te hanga me te whakarewa i te maitai kore waikura. Ko tētahi o ngā rauemi māmā rawa ki te whakarewa, ā, nā tōna ngāwari ake i te maitai noa, ka taea te whakarewa hei āhua uaua ake. Tirohia ngā kohua, ngā totohu, me ētahi atu tānga maitai kore waikura e wātea whānuitia ana. He iti ake te utu o te totohu maitai kore waikura nui AISI 304, ā, he uaua ake te āhua i tētahi parepare o mua kua tāngia mai i taua pepa maitai rawakore. Ka taea e koe te hanga ngāwari i ngā wāhanga tinana mā te whakamahi i te maitai kore waikura kounga teitei i runga i ngā tānga noa, ā, ka roa ake te mau o ngā tānga. I te Uniana Sōviete, i ētahi wā ka hangaia e ētahi tāngata e mahi ana i ngā wheketere motuka ngā wāhanga tinana maitai kore waikura i runga i ngā taputapu wheketere hei whakakapi i ā rātou motuka. Ka kitea tonu e koe te Volga tawhito (GAZ-24) me te raro, te pūtu, ngā parirau rānei i hangaia ki te maitai kore waikura. Engari kāore i taea tēnei i muri i te hinganga o te Uniana Sōviete. Kāore au i te mōhio he aha, me pēhea hoki, ā, inaianei kāore tetahi e whakaae ki te mahi moni māu. Kāore anō hoki au kia rongo mō ngā wāhanga tinana maitai kore waikura e hangaia ana i ngā wheketere o te uru, o te ao tuatoru rānei. Ko te mea anake i kitea e au he Jeep kowiri tira, engari, MŌ TE MEA, i tāruatia ā-ringa ngā panera kowiri tira, ehara i te mea hanga i te wheketere. He kōrero anō hoki mō ngā kaiwhaiwhai o WV Golf Mk2 e ngana ana ki te tono i tētahi puranga o ngā parepare kowiri tira mai i ngā kaihanga hokohoko muri pērā i a Klokkerholm, e hanga ana i aua mea mai i te maitai noa. I tapahia tonutia e ēnei kaihanga katoa ngā kōrero mō tēnei kaupapa, me te kore e kōrero mō te utu. Nō reira, kāore e taea te tono i tetahi mea mō tetahi moni i tēnei rohe, ahakoa he nui.
Ae, koia ahau i kore ai e whakahua i te mīhini i roto i te rārangi. Ehara i te waikura te raru matua o te mīhini.
Ae, he nui ake te utu o te kowiri tira, engari kāore e hiahiatia kia peitahia te anga kowiri tira. He nui ake te utu o te wāhanga tinana kua peitahia i te wāhanga tonu. Nō reira, he iti ake te utu o te anga kowiri tira i te mea kua waikura, ā, ka roa ake te mau. Whakakapia noa ngā pū rapa me ngā hononga kua tawhito o tō waka, ā, kāore koe e hiahia ki te hoko waka hou. Ina tika, ka taea e koe te whakakapi i te motuka ki tētahi mea whai hua ake, ki tētahi mea hiko rānei. Kāore he para, kāore he whakararuraru taiao koretake i te hanga waka hou, i te whakahaere rānei i ngā waka tawhito. Engari mō ētahi take, kāore tēnei tikanga hoa-taiao i roto i ngā rārangi a ngā tohunga taiao me ngā kaihanga.
I te mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1970, i hangaia ā-ringa e ngā tohunga toi i ngā Philippines ngā wāhanga tinana hou he kowiri tira mō ngā Jeepney. I hangaia tuatahitia ēnei mai i ngā jeep i mahue mai i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao me te Pakanga o Korea, engari i te tau 1978 pea i tapahia katoatia ēnei wāhanga nā te mea ka taea te totoro i te tuara kia uru ai te tini o ngā kaieke. Nō reira, me hanga e rātou ētahi mea hou mai i te tīmatanga, me te whakamahi i te kowiri tira kia kore ai e waikura te tinana. I runga i tētahi moutere e karapotia ana e te wai tote, he pai tēnei.
Kāore he rauemi o te pepa maitai kore waikura e rite ana ki te maitai HiTen. He mea nui tēnei mō te haumaru, kia mahara ki ngā whakamātautau tuatahi a te euroNCAP i runga i ngā motuka Haina kāore i whakamahi i tēnei momo maitai motuhake. Mō ngā wāhanga uaua, kāore he mea e rite ana ki te rino maka GS: he iti te utu, he teitei ngā āhuatanga maka me te ātete ki te waikura. Ko te whao whakamutunga i roto i te kāwhena ko te utu. He tino utu nui te maitai kore waikura. E whakamahia ana e rātou te tauira o te motuka hākinakina mō tētahi take pai, kāore he take o te utu, engari mō VW, ehara rawa.
Mā te whakamahi i tā mātou paetukutuku me ngā ratonga, e whakaae ana koe ki te whakatakotoranga o ā mātou pihikete mahi, mahi me te pānuitanga. ako atu