Pogwiritsa ntchito zida za pulogalamu ya 3D Spark, gululo linasanthula zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza ndalama zopangira. Zina mwa izo ndi za zigawo, pomwe zina ndi za njira zogwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, wongolerani zigawo kuti muchepetse zothandizira ndikuwonjezera malo omangika.
Mwa kutsanzira mphamvu zomwe zili pa hinge imodzi, zida izi zimatha kuchotsa zinthu zomwe sizigwira ntchito bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi lichepe ndi 35%. Zinthu zochepa zimatanthauzanso nthawi yosindikiza mwachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zambiri.
Kunena zoona, zomwe akuchita siziyenera kukhala zatsopano kwa aliyense amene akuchita nawo ntchito yosindikiza ya 3D. Ndikoyenera kukonza gawolo m'njira yoyenera. Tawona zinyalala zikuchotsedwa mu kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi kupanga kwachikhalidwe. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimathandiza kukonza izi. Sitikudziwa kuti pulogalamuyo idzawononga ndalama zingati, ndipo tikuganiza kuti siikulunjika pamsika wosindikiza wa 3D wokonda kwambiri. Koma tikudabwa zomwe zingachitike, tikukayikira kuti ndi mafuta ena a bondo ndi kupanga mapangidwe mu mapulogalamu omwe alipo, mutha kupeza zotsatira zofanana.
Mwachidule, chida chilichonse chomwe chingathe kuchita kusanthula kwa zinthu zochepa chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yodziwira zinthu zomwe zichotsedwe. Tazindikira kuti opanga magalimoto akugwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa 3D.
"Mwa kutsanzira mphamvu zomwe zili pa hinge, zida izi zimatha kuchotsa zinthu zomwe sizili ndi mphamvu yaikulu. Ine sindine injiniya, koma ndinawerenga izi ndipo ndinaganiza za Finite Element Analysis. Kenako ndinakuonani mu chiganizo chachiwiri. Ndinatchulapo. Inde opanga magalimoto kale amachita kale. Kodi timayerekeza bwanji? Kodi chitsanzochi chimapereka mphamvu panthawi yadzidzidzi komanso pakugwiritsa ntchito mwachizolowezi?
Mphepete mwa chigwa chilichonse, chigwa ndi fillet zimafuna nthawi ya makina ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida. Kusintha kwina kwa zida kungafunike, ndipo pogwira ntchito pamalo ena, zida zingafunike kukonzedwanso ndikuzilumikizanso kuti zigwirizane bwino ndi zomwe zingathe kupanga matumba angapo - ngati zingatheke kukhala ndi chida choyenera kuzungulira.
Ndikuganiza kuti mungagwiritse ntchito makina okhala ndi ufulu wochulukirapo kuti mutembenuzire gawolo ku ngodya yabwino kwambiri ... Koma pamtengo wotani?
Kusindikiza kwa 3D nthawi zambiri kulibe zoletsa zotere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zovuta zikhale zosavuta monga momwe zilili zosavuta.
Kumbali inayi, ubwino wa makina ochotsera zinthu mwachizolowezi ndi wakuti zinthuzo zimakhala zosasunthika, zimakhala zolimba mbali iliyonse, ndipo popanda kuphwanyika mkati, simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi kugwirizana koipa chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa koipa. N'zothekanso kudutsa mu mphero yozungulira (sitepe yotsika mtengo) kuti ikhale ndi kapangidwe kabwino ka tirigu.
Njira zonse zosindikizira za 3D zili ndi zofooka pa mawonekedwe. Ngakhale mbali zina za SLM. Monga momwe mungaganizire, mtundu wa isotropic wa SLM siwofunika kwenikweni. Makina ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zimapereka zotsatira zofanana.
Komabe, mitengo yokha ndi chinthu china choyipa. Mu makampani opanga ndege, kusindikiza kwa 3D n'kovuta kupikisana kwenikweni.
Ndinganene kuti makampani opanga ndege ndi amodzi mwa malo ochepa omwe mtengo wosindikizira wachitsulo wa 3D ungavomerezedwe. Ndalama zoyambira zopangira ndi zochepa poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa chinthu chopangira ndege, ndipo kulemera kwake ndikofunikira kwambiri kotero kuti n'kosavuta kupeza njira yogwiritsira ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi ndalama zambiri zotsimikizira khalidwe la zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, njira yosindikizira mwaluso komanso kuwunika kofunikira kungathandize kusunga ndalama zenizeni komanso mpweya wabwino.
Chitsanzo chodziwikiratu kwambiri ndi chilichonse chomwe chimasindikizidwa mu injini za roketi masiku ano. Mutha kuchotsa mfundo zambiri zosakwanira m'mapaipi ovuta pomwe mumachepetsa kutayika kwa mzere wobwerera ndi kulemera. Ndikuganiza kuti ma nozzles ena a injini amasindikizidwa mu 3D (mwina superdraco?). Ndikukumbukira pang'ono nkhani za mtundu wina wa bulaketi yachitsulo yosindikizidwa pa ndege za Boeing.
Zinthu monga ma jammer atsopano a Navy ndi zinthu zina zatsopano zitha kukhala ndi mabulaketi ambiri osindikizidwa a 3D. Ubwino wa zigawo zomwe zakonzedwa bwino ndi topology ndikuti kusanthula mphamvu kumaphatikizidwa mu njira yopangira ndipo kusanthula kutopa kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi izi.
Komabe, zidzatenga nthawi kuti zinthu monga DMLS ziyambe kugwira ntchito m'magalimoto ndi kupanga. Kulemera sikofunika kwenikweni.
Ntchito imodzi yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino ndi ya manifold a hydraulic/pneumatic. Kutha kupanga njira zokhotakhota ndi mabowo oti muzitha kukulunga shrink wrap n'kothandiza kwambiri. Komanso, pazifukwa zovomerezeka, muyenerabe kuyesa 100% stress, kotero simukusowa chitetezo chachikulu (stress ndi yayikulu kwambiri).
Vuto ndilakuti makampani ambiri amadzitamandira kuti ali ndi chosindikizira cha SLM, koma ochepa amadziwa momwe angachigwiritsire ntchito. Chosindikizirachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pongopanga zinthu mwachangu ndipo nthawi zambiri sichigwira ntchito. Popeza izi zikuonedwabe ngati dera latsopano, chosindikizirachi chikuyembekezeka kuchepa mtengo ngati mkaka ndipo chiyenera kuchotsedwa mkati mwa zaka 5. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mtengo weniweni ukhoza kukhala wotsika kwambiri, kupeza mtengo wabwino pantchito yopanga n'kovuta kwambiri.
Komanso, ubwino wa kusindikiza umadalira kutentha kwa zinthuzo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti aluminiyamu imapanga kuuma pamwamba komwe kungayambitse kutopa kosasangalatsa (osati kuti manifold imafunikira ngati mukupanga zimenezo). Komanso, ngakhale kuti TiAlV6 imasindikiza bwino kwambiri ndipo ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kuposa kalasi yoyambira 5, aluminiyamu imapezeka kwambiri ngati AlSi10Mg, yomwe si alloy yamphamvu kwambiri. T6, ngakhale kuti ndi yoyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwezo, si yoyenera zigawo za SLM. Scalmaloy ndi yabwino kachiwiri koma ndi yovuta kuivomereza, ndi ochepa omwe amaipereka, mungagwiritsenso ntchito Ti yokhala ndi makoma opyapyala.
Makampani ambiri amafunikanso mkono ndi mwendo, zitsanzo 20, ndi mwana wanu woyamba kukonza gawo losindikizidwa. Ngakhale kuti limagwira ntchito mofanana ndi makina opangidwa ndi makina omwe amatenga abulu ndi masenti kupanga kwa zaka zambiri, amaganiza kuti magawo osindikizidwawo ndi amatsenga ndipo makasitomala amaganiza kuti ali ndi matumba akuluakulu. Komanso, makampani ovomerezeka a AS9100 nthawi zambiri sasowa ntchito ndipo amasangalala kuchita zomwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amadziwa kuti angapeze ndalama kuchokera pamenepo ndipo angathe kuchita popanda kuimbidwa mlandu wa ngozi ya ndege.
Inde: makampani opanga ndege angapindule ndi zida za SLM, ndipo ena mwa iwo amapindula nazo, koma zosiyana ndi makampaniwa ndi makampani omwe amapereka ntchitoyi zakhazikika m'zaka za m'ma 70, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta pang'ono. Chitukuko chenicheni chokha ndi injini, komwe ma injector osindikizidwa amafuta akhala ofala. Kwa ife patokha, kulimbana ndi kupereka ASML ndi nkhondo yovuta.
Chitoliro chotulutsira utsi cha kusindikiza kwa 3D mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri P-51D. https://www.3dmpmag.com/article/?/powder-bed-systems/laser/a-role-in-military-fleet-readiness
Zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi kuyang'anira kutayika kwa zinthu zoziziritsira chifukwa cha kutayika kwa madzi ndi nthunzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma chips ayenera kukonzedwa. Kuchepa kulikonse kwa kupanga ma chips kungapangitse kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kapangidwe ka topology, ndipo monga momwe mungaganizire, ndi gawo lina la kusanthula pamwamba pa FEA. Zangodziwika bwino m'zaka zingapo zapitazi pamene zidazi zikupezeka mosavuta.
Nthawi iliyonse mukawona dzina la Fraunhofer, lili ndi patent ndipo gulu la opanga lidzaletsedwa kuligwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina: tapanga njira yatsopano yotsimikizira kuti mwasintha galimoto yanu nthawi yomweyo chitsimikizo chanu chikatha.
Sindikuona kugwirizana pakati pa ma hinges opepuka a zitseko ndi chiwembu choipa chomwe chimakupangitsani kutaya galimoto yanu yonse m'zinyalala?
Kusanthula moyo wa kutopa ndi chinthu chimodzi; ngati mungowonjezera mphamvu ya zinthu, mudzakhala ndi gawo lomwe silingagwire ntchito.
Ngakhale atapanga mwadala kuti ikhale yofooka, siidzatopa nthawi yomweyo chitsimikizo chitatha, ndi chotchinga chabe, koma ndi chatsopano, ndipo sizingatheke kuti mudzataye galimoto yonse ... padzakhala galimoto ina nthawi yonse ya galimotoyo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwino, koma gawo lotsika mtengo/losavuta kusinthalo latha - palibe chatsopano pa izi ...
Mwachidule, kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikukwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo ndi zina zotero, mwina zimakonzedwanso kwambiri, monga mafelemu/matupi/mipando yamagalimoto ambiri, chifukwa cha kupsinjika komwe zimakumana nako pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino. . malo ogulitsira, pokhapokha ngati lamulo m'dera lanu likufuna.
"Ndi chinthu chongofunika kwambiri" komanso ndi chitsanzo cha kapangidwe ka gawo la moyo winawake. Mukagwiritsa ntchito gawo lina la galimoto yanu, galimoto yanu idzasanduka chisokonezo pakapita nthawi.
Nkhaniyi ndi chifukwa cha chitetezo chawo cha patent (MP3, ndikuona!).
Chuma chonse cha ku America chamangidwa pa "chip" chotere. Malinga ndi miyezo ina chimagwira ntchito :-/.
Fraunhofer adachita sayansi yambiri. Sikuti adangogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kafukufuku woyambira. Zonse zimafuna ndalama. Ngati mukufuna kuchita izi popanda ma patent ndi ma license, muyenera kuwapatsa ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku boma. Ndi ma license ndi ma patent, anthu m'maiko ena nawonso amalandira ndalama zina chifukwa amapindulanso ndi ukadaulo. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro onsewa ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti makampani apitirize kupikisana.
Malinga ndi tsamba lawo lawebusayiti, gawo la msonkho wanu ndi pafupifupi 30% (Grundfinanzierung), zina zonse zimachokera ku magwero omwe alipo kumakampani ena. Ndalama zomwe mumapeza kuchokera ku patent mwina ndi gawo la 70% imeneyo, kotero ngati simuganizira zimenezo, padzakhala kuchepa kwa chitukuko kapena misonkho yambiri.
Pazifukwa zina zosadziwika, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi choletsedwa ndipo sichikondedwa ndi ziwalo za thupi, injini, magiya otumizira ndi zoyimitsira. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapezeka m'mapaipi ena okwera mtengo otulutsa utsi, chidzakhala chopanda pake ngati martensitic AISI 410, ngati mukufuna utsi wabwino komanso wolimba muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nokha AISI 304/316 kuti mupange chinthu chonga chimenecho.
Kotero mabowo onse m'zigawo zotere pamapeto pake adzatsekedwa ndi dothi lonyowa ndipo zigawozo zidzayamba kuchita dzimbiri mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti gawolo lapangidwa kuti lizilemera pang'ono, dzimbiri lililonse lidzapangitsa kuti likhale lofooka kwambiri pa ntchitoyo. Mukanakhala ndi mwayi ngati gawo limenelo linali lokhalo lotchingira chitseko, kapena chogwirira chamkati chosafunika kwenikweni kapena lever. Ngati muli ndi zida zoyimitsira, zida zotumizira kapena china chonga chimenecho, muli pamavuto aakulu.
PS: Kodi pali amene akudziwa za galimoto yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri yomwe yakhala ikukhudzidwa ndi chinyezi, kuchotsedwa kwa ayezi ndi dothi lonse komanso zinthu zambiri za thupi lake? Ma suspension hands onse, ma radiator fan housing, ndi zina zotero zingagulidwe pamtengo uliwonse. Ndikudziwa za DeLorean, koma mwatsoka ili ndi ma panel akunja achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri osati kapangidwe ka thupi lonse ndi zinthu zina zofunika.
Ndingalipire ndalama zambiri pa galimoto yokhala ndi thupi/chimango/choyimitsira/chotulutsa utsi chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma zimenezo zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wake ndi wochepa. Zipangizo zake sizokwera mtengo kokha, komanso zimakhala zovuta kuziumba ndi kuzilumikiza. Ndikukayika kuti ma block ndi mitu ya injini yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zomveka.
Komanso n'zovuta kwambiri. Malinga ndi miyezo ya masiku ano yogwiritsira ntchito mafuta, palibe phindu lililonse ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zimatenga zaka zambiri kuti galimoto yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri iwononge mtengo wa kaboni kuti ibwezeretse ubwino wa chipangizocho.
Mukuganiza bwanji? Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi kuchuluka komweko koma chili ndi mphamvu pang'ono. (AISI 304 – 8000 kg/m^3 ndi 500 MPa, 945 – 7900-8100 kg/m^3 ndi 450 MPa). Ndi makulidwe ofanana a pepala, thupi la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri limakhala ndi kulemera kofanana ndi thupi la chitsulo wamba. Ndipo simukuyenera kuwapaka utoto, kotero palibe primer/penti/varnish yowonjezera.
Inde, magalimoto ena amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kapena titaniyamu, kotero ndi opepuka, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala pamsika wapamwamba ndipo ogula alibe vuto kugula magalimoto atsopano chaka chilichonse. Kuphatikiza apo, aluminiyamu imachitanso dzimbiri, nthawi zina mofulumira kuposa chitsulo.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichivuta kuchiumba ndi kuchilumikiza. Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zosavuta kuchilumikiza, ndipo chifukwa cha kulimba kwake kuposa chitsulo wamba, chimatha kupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri. Yang'anirani miphika, masinki, ndi zinthu zina zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri. Sinki yayikulu yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ya AISI 304 imadula mtengo kwambiri ndipo imapangidwa modabwitsa kuposa chotetezera chilichonse chakutsogolo chosindikizidwa kuchokera ku pepala losalimba lachitsulo. Mutha kupanga ziwalo za thupi mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chapamwamba pa nkhungu wamba ndipo nkhunguzo zimakhala nthawi yayitali. Ku Soviet Union, anthu ena ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale a magalimoto nthawi zina amapanga ziwalo za thupi zosapanga dzimbiri pazipangizo za fakitale kuti alowe m'malo mwa magalimoto awo. Mutha kupezabe Volga yakale (GAZ-24) yokhala ndi pansi, thunthu kapena mapiko opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Koma izi sizinatheke pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union. Sindikudziwa chifukwa chake komanso momwe zilili, ndipo tsopano palibe amene angavomereze kukupangirani ndalama. Sindinamvepo za ziwalo za thupi zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimapangidwa m'mafakitale akumadzulo kapena akunja. Chomwe ndidapeza chinali galimoto yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma CHONDE, mapanelo achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri adapangidwanso ndi manja, osati fakitale. Palinso nkhani ya mafani a WV Golf Mk2 omwe akuyesera kuyitanitsa gulu la ma fender achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuchokera kwa opanga zinthu zakale monga Klokkerholm, omwe nthawi zambiri amawapanga kuchokera kuchitsulo chopanda kanthu. Opanga onsewa nthawi yomweyo komanso mwamwano adathetsa nkhani iliyonse pankhaniyi, osalankhula za mtengo wake. Chifukwa chake simungathe kuyitanitsa chilichonse pamtengo uliwonse m'derali, ngakhale mutakhala ndi zambiri.
Ndikugwirizana nanu, ndichifukwa chake sindinatchule injini pamndandanda. Dzimbiri si vuto lalikulu la injini.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chokwera mtengo, inde, koma chikwama chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichiyenera kupakidwa utoto konse. Mtengo wa chiwalo cha thupi chopakidwa utoto ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa chiwalocho chokha. Chifukwa chake, chikwama chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chingakhale chotsika mtengo kuposa chopanda dzimbiri. Ndipo chidzakhalapo kwamuyaya. Ingosinthani ma bushings ndi ma connections a rabara omwe atha ntchito pagalimoto yanu ndipo simudzafunika kugula galimoto yatsopano. Ngati zili zomveka, mutha kusintha injiniyo ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito bwino kapena chamagetsi. Palibe kuwononga, palibe kusokoneza chilengedwe kosafunikira pomanga magalimoto atsopano kapena kugwiritsa ntchito akale. Koma pazifukwa zina, njira iyi yosamalira chilengedwe siili konse pamndandanda wa akatswiri a zachilengedwe ndi opanga.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, amisiri ku Philippines adapanga ziwalo zatsopano za thupi la Jeepneys zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Poyamba zidapangidwa kuchokera ku ma jeep omwe adatsala pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ndi Nkhondo ya ku Korea, koma pafupifupi mu 1978 zonse zidadulidwa chifukwa zimatha kutambasula kumbuyo kuti zigwirizane ndi okwera ambiri. Chifukwa chake adayenera kupanga zatsopano kuyambira pachiyambi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuti thupilo lisachite dzimbiri. Pachilumba chozunguliridwa ndi madzi amchere, izi ndizabwino.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chilibe zinthu zofanana ndi chitsulo cha HiTen. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo, kumbukirani mayeso oyamba a euroNCAP pamagalimoto aku China omwe sanagwiritse ntchito chitsulo chapadera chamtunduwu. Pazigawo zovuta, palibe chomwe chimaposa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi GS: chotsika mtengo, chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zoponyera komanso cholimba ndi dzimbiri. Msomali womaliza m'bokosi ndi mtengo. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chokwera mtengo kwambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha galimoto yamasewera pazifukwa zomveka pomwe mtengo wake suli wofunika, koma kwa VW sikofunikira konse.
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