Vachishandisa maturusi esoftware ye3D Spark, timu yakaongorora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa mari yekugadzira. Zvimwe zvacho zvakanangana nezvikamu, nepo zvimwe zvakanangana nemaitiro. Semuenzaniso, tungamira zvikamu kuti zvideredze rutsigiro uye kuwedzera nzvimbo dzinovakwa.
Nekutevedzera masimba ari pahinji, zvishandiso izvi zvinogona kubvisa zvinhu zvisina simba guru. Izvi zvinoguma nekurasikirwa nehuremu ne35%. Zvinhu zvishoma zvinorevawo kuti nguva yekudhinda inokurumidza, zvichideredza mari.
Kutaura chokwadi, zvavari kuita hazvifanirwe kunge zvitsva kune chero ani zvake ari mukudhinda kwe3D. Zvine musoro kuronga chikamu nenzira inonzwisisika. Takaona marara achibviswa mukudhinda kwe3D uye mukugadzira kwechinyakare. Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza ndechekushandisa maturusi anobatsira kugadzirisa izvi otomatiki. Hatizivi kuti software iyi ichadhura marii, uye tiri kufungidzira kuti haina kunangana nemusika wekudhinda kwe3D unonyanya kufarira. Asi tichifunga kuti chii chingaitwe, tinofungidzira kuti nekushandisa mafuta emabvi uye kugadzira mamodeli musoftware iripo, unogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakafanana.
Mudzidziso, chero chishandiso chinogona kuita finite element analysis chinofanira kukwanisa kuona chinhu chinofanira kubviswa. Taona kuti vagadziri vemotokari vari kushandisa 3D printing.
"Nekutevedzera masimba ari pahinge, zvishandiso izvi zvinogona kubvisa zvinhu zvisina simba rakawanda. Handisi mainjiniya, asi ndakaverenga izvi ndikafunga nezveFinite Element Analysis. Ipapo ndakakuona mumutsara wekupedzisira. Ndakazvitaura. Ehe, vagadziri vemotokari vanotozviita. Tinoenzanisa sei? Modhi iyi inopa simba munguva yekukurumidzira pamwe nekushandiswa kwakajairika here?"
Mupendero wega wega, mupata nezvidimbu zvinoda nguva yemuchina uye kushandiswa kwezvishandiso. Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinogona kudiwa, uye kana uchishanda pane imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana, zvikamu zvingada kugadzirwa nemashini uye kusungirirwa zvakare kuti zviendeswe kune imwe nzvimbo inogona kugadzira homwe dzakawanda - kana zvichigona kuva nechishandiso chakanaka.
Ndinofunga kuti unogona kushandisa muchina une rusununguko rwakawanda kuti utendeutse chikamu chacho kuenda pakona yakanaka… Asi zvinodhura zvakadii?
Kudhinda kwe3D hakuwanzove nemiganhu yakadaro, zvichiita kuti zvikamu zvakaoma zvive nyore sezviri nyore.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mukana wekushandisa michina yechinyakare yekubvisa zvinhu ndeyekuti zvinhu zvacho zvinowanzova zve isotropic, zvine simba rakaenzana kune chero divi, uye pasina maflats emukati, haufanirwe kunetseka nezvekusabatana zvakanaka nekuda kwekushata kwechinhu. Zvinokwanisikawo kushandisa muchina unotenderera (danho risingadhuri) kuti ugadzire chimiro chakanaka chezviyo.
Nzira dzese dzekudhinda dze3D dzine miganhu muchimiro. Kunyangwe zvikamu zveSLM. Sezvaungafunga, hunhu hweSLM hweisotropic hahuna basa. Michina nemaitiro anoshandiswa zuva nezuva zvinopa mhedzisiro yakafanana.
Zvisinei, mitengo pachayo ndeimwewo njodzi. Muindasitiri yezvemuchadenga, kudhinda kwe3D kwakaoma kukwikwidzana zvechokwadi.
Ndingati indasitiri yendege ndeimwe yenzvimbo shoma apo mutengo wekudhinda kwesimbi mu3D unogona kururamiswa. Mari yekutanga yekugadzira idiki diki pane mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvemuchadenga, uye huremu hwakakosha zvekuti zviri nyore kuwana mukana wekushandisa. Zvichienzaniswa nemitengo yakakwira kwazvo yekuvimbisa mhando yezvikamu zvakasanganiswa, maitiro ekudhinda ane hunyanzvi uye kuongororwa kwehukuru hwezvinhu zvinogona kuchengetedza mari uye kufema mhepo itsva.
Muenzaniso uri pachena ndewezvinhu zvese zvinodhindwa muinjini dzeroketi nhasi. Unogona kubvisa mapoinzi akawanda asina kunaka mumapaipi akaomarara uku uchideredza kurasikirwa nereturn line uye huremu. Ndinofunga kuti mamwe ma nozzles einjini akadhindwa ne3D (pamwe superdraco?). Ndinoyeuka zvishoma nhau dzerudzi rwesimbi yakadhindwa pandege dzeBoeing.
Zvigadzirwa zvakaita semajammer matsva eNavy nezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zvinogona kunge zvine mabhuraketi akawanda akadhindwa mu3D. Kubatsira kwezvikamu zvakagadziriswa topology ndekwekuti ongororo yesimba inosanganisirwa mukugadzirwa uye ongororo yekuneta inobatanidzwa zvakananga nayo.
Zvisinei, zvichatora nguva zvinhu zvakaita seDMLS zvisati zvanyatsoonekwa mumotokari nekugadzira. Kurema hakunyanyi kukosha.
Imwe nzira inoshanda zvakanaka ndeyekushandisa hydraulic/pneumatic manifolds. Kugona kugadzira nzira dzakakombama uye maburi ekuputira shrink kunobatsira zvikuru. Zvakare, kuti zvibvumidzwe, uchiri kufanirwa kuita bvunzo yekushushikana 100%, saka haudi chinhu chikuru chekuchengetedza (kushushikana kwakanyanya zvakadaro).
Dambudziko nderekuti makambani mazhinji anozvirumbidza nekuva neSLM printer, asi vashoma vanoziva mashandisirwo ayo. Maprinta aya anongoshandiswa chete pakugadzira maprototype nekukurumidza uye haashande nguva zhinji. Sezvo izvi zvichiri kuonekwa senzvimbo itsva, maprinta anotarisirwa kudzikira semukaka uye anofanira kubviswa mukati memakore mashanu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyange zvazvo mutengo chaiwo ungave wakaderera, kuwana mutengo wakanaka webasa rekugadzira kwakaoma chaizvo.
Uyewo, kunaka kwekudhinda kunoenderana nekufambiswa kwemafuta muzvinhu, zvichireva kuti aruminiyamu inowanzoita kuti pave nekuomarara pamusoro izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuneta kunonetsa (kwete kuti manifold inoda kana uri kugadzira izvozvo). Zvakare, nepo TiAlV6 ichidhinda zvakanaka uye iine simba riri nani pane base grade 5, aruminiyamu inowanikwa zvakanyanya seAlSi10Mg, iyo isiri alloy yakasimba. T6, kunyangwe yakakodzera kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakafanana, haina kukodzera zvikamu zveSLM. Scalmaloy yakanaka zvakare asi yakaoma kubvumidza, vashoma vanoipa, unogona zvakare kushandisa Ti ine madziro akatetepa.
Makambani mazhinji anodawo ruoko negumbo, sampuli makumi maviri, uye mwana wako wekutanga kugadzirisa chikamu chakadhindwa. Kunyangwe zvichishanda zvakafanana nemidziyo yakagadzirwa nemashini yakatora madhongi nemasendi kwemakore, vanofunga kuti zvikamu zvakadhindwa zvine mashiripiti uye vatengi vanofunga kuti vane mari yakawanda. Zvakare, makambani ane certification yeAS9100 kazhinji haana kushaya mabasa uye anofarira kuita zvavave vachiita kwenguva yakareba uye anoziva kuti anogona kuwana mari nazvo uye anogona kuzviita pasina kupomerwa mhosva yekudonha kwendege.
Saka hongu: indasitiri yendege inogona kubatsirwa nezvikamu zveSLM, uye zvimwe zvacho zvinoita, asi hunhu hweindasitiri nemakambani anopa basa iri zvakabatirira mumakore ekuma70, izvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zviome zvishoma. Kubudirira chaiko kwega iinjini, uko majekiseni emafuta akadhindwa ave chinhu chakajairika. Kune isu pachedu, kurwira kuwanikwa kweASML ihondo yakaoma.
Pombi yekuburitsa mweya yekudhinda ye3D yakagadzirwa nesimbi isingatsvedzeri P-51D. https://www.3dmpmag.com/article/?/powder-bed-systems/laser/a-role-in-military-fleet-readiness
Zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nemari yemichina ndeyekutarisira kurasikirwa kwezvinotonhodza nekuda kwekupararira kwemvura uye kupwa kwemvura. Pamusoro pezvo, machipisi anofanira kugadziriswa. Chero kudzikiswa kwekugadzirwa kwemachipisi kunogona kukonzera kuchengetedza mari yakawanda.
Izvi zvinowanzonzi dhizaini yetopology, uye sezvaungafungidzira, imwe nhanho yekuongorora pamusoro peFEA. Zvakangozivikanwa mumakore mashoma apfuura sezvo zvishandiso zviri nyore kuwana.
Pose paunoona zita rekuti Fraunhofer, rine patent uye nharaunda yevagadziri icharambidzwa kurishandisa kwenguva yakareba.
Nemamwe mashoko: takagadzira nzira itsva yekuona kuti mota yako yatsiviwa nekukurumidza kana garandi yako yapera.
Handioni kubatana kuripo pakati pemahinji emusuwo akareruka nehurongwa hwakaipa hunokuita kuti urase mota yako yese mumarara?
Kuongorora hupenyu hwekuneta chinhu chimwe chete; kana ukangowedzera simba rezvinhu, unozopedzisira wava nechikamu chisingashande.
Kunyangwe vakaigadzira isina simba nemaune, haizoneti nguva pfupi mushure mekupera kwewarandi, ingori hinge chete, asi itsva, uye hazvigoneke kuti uchazofanira kurasa mota yese ... pachava nemota inotsiva munguva yehupenyu hwemota, nekuti kazhinji ichiri yakanaka, asi chikamu ichocho chakachipa/chiri nyore chekutsiva chakasakara - hapana chitsva nezvazvo ...
Muchokwadi, kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza nezvimwewo, pamwe ichiri kugadziriswa zvakanyanya, sezvakaita mafuremu/miviri/zvigaro zvemota, nekuda kwekunetseka kwaichasangana nako pakushandiswa kwakajairika. . nzvimbo yekutengesa, kunze kwekunge zvichidikanwa nemutemo munharaunda yako.
"Ingori hinge" asi zvakare muenzaniso wekugadzira chikamu chehupenyu chaihwo. Kana chikashandiswa kune imwe mota yako yese, mota yako inoshanduka kuita clunker nekufamba kwenguva.
Nyaya iyi imhaka yekudzivirirwa kwavo kakawanda (MP3, ndinoona!).
Hupfumi hwese hweUS hwakavakirwa pa "chip" yakadaro. Nemamwe maitiro anoshanda :-/.
Fraunhofer akaita sainzi yakawanda. Haana kungoshandisa chete, asiwo tsvakiridzo huru. Zvese zvinoda mari. Kana uchida kuzviita usina mapatenti nemarezenisi, unofanirwa kuvapa mari yakawanda kubva kuhurumende. Nemarezenisi nemapatenti, vanhu vari mune dzimwe nyika vanotakurawo imwe yemari nekuti vanobatsirwawo netekinoroji. Pamusoro pezvo, zvidzidzo izvi zvese zvakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza makwikwi eindasitiri.
Sekureva kwewebhusaiti yavo, chikamu chemutero wenyu chinosvika 30% (Grundfinanzierung), chimwe chinobvawo kune mamwe makambani. Mari inowanikwa nepatent ingangove chikamu che70% iyoyo, saka kana mukasafunga nezvazvo, pachava nekuvandudzwa kushoma kana kuti mitero yakawanda.
Nekuda kwechikonzero chisingazivikanwe, simbi isingatsvedzeri haidiwi uye haifarirwi nemuviri, injini, transmission uye suspension components. Stainless inogona kuwanikwa chete mumapaipi anodhura ekubuda utsi, inenge isina kunaka se martensitic AISI 410, kana uchida exhaust yakanaka uye inogara kwenguva refu uchafanira kushandisa AISI 304/316 iwe pachako kuti ugadzire chinhu chakadaro.
Saka maburi ese ari muzvikamu zvakadaro anozopedzisira avharwa nevhu rakanyorova uye zvikamu zvacho zvinotanga kuita ngura nekukurumidza. Nekuti chikamu chacho chakagadzirirwa huremu hwakaderera sezvinobvira, ngura chero ipi zvayo inozoita kuti chisanyanya kusimba pabasa racho. Waizova nerombo rakanaka kudai chikamu ichocho chaive hinge yemusuwo, kana chimwe chinhu chisina kukosha mukati kana lever. Kana uine zvikamu zvesuspension, zvikamu zve transmission kana chimwe chinhu chakafanana neizvozvo, uri mudambudziko guru.
PS: Pane anoziva here nezvemota yesimbi isina ngura yakambosangana nehunyoro, tsvina uye tsvina mumuviri wayo wese? Maoko ese esimbi, mafeni eredhiyeta, nezvimwewo zvinogona kutengwa chero pamutengo upi zvawo. Ndinoziva nezveDeLorean, asi zvinosuwisa kuti ine mapaneru ekunze esimbi isina ngura chete kwete chimiro chose chemuviri nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha.
Ndingabhadhara mari yakawanda yemotokari ine body/furemu/suspension/exhaust system yesimbi isina ngura, asi izvi zvinoreva kuti mutengo wayo hauna kunaka. Zvinhu zvacho hazvingodhuri chete, asiwo zvakaoma kuumba nekuwelda. Handifungi kuti mabhuroko einjini yesimbi isina ngura nemisoro zvine musoro.
Zvakaomawo zvikuru. Nekushandiswa kwemafuta ezuva ranhasi, hapana zvakanakira simbi isingatsvi. Zvinotora makumi emakore kuti mota inogadzirwa nesimbi isingatsvi kuti igare kwenguva refu.
Sei uchifunga kudaro? Simbi isina ngura ine huwandu hwakafanana asi yakasimba zvishoma. (AISI 304 – 8000 kg/m^3 uye 500 MPa, 945 – 7900-8100 kg/m^3 uye 450 MPa). Nehukobvu hwepepa hwakafanana, muviri wesimbi isina ngura une huremu hwakafanana nemuviri wesimbi wakajairika. Uye haufanirwe kuupenda, saka hapana primer/pendi/varnish yakawedzerwa.
Ehe, dzimwe mota dzakagadzirwa nearuminiyamu kana titanium, saka dzakareruka, asi dzakawanda dziri muchikamu chepamusoro-soro uye vatengi havana dambudziko rekutenga mota itsva gore rega rega. Pamusoro pezvo, aruminiyamu inoita ngurawo, mune dzimwe nguva inokurumidza kupfuura simbi.
Simbi isingatsvi yakaoma kuumba nekusanganisa. Ndiyo imwe yezvinhu zviri nyore kusanganisa, uye nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanyanya kupfuura simbi yakajairika, inogona kuumbwa kuita maumbirwo akaomarara. Tarisa hari, masinki, nezvimwe zvidhindo zvesimbi isingatsvi zvinowanikwa zvakanyanya. Sinki hombe yesimbi isingatsvi yeAISI 304 inodhura zvishoma uye ine chimiro chakaoma kupfuura chero fender yepamberi yakadhindwa kubva pafoil yesimbi isina kunaka. Unogona kugadzira zvikamu zvemuviri uchishandisa simbi isingatsvi yepamusoro pamafoil akajairika uye mafoil acho anogara kwenguva refu. MuSoviet Union, vamwe vanhu vanoshanda mumafekitori emotokari dzimwe nguva vaigadzira zvikamu zvemuviri zvesimbi isingatsvi pamidziyo yefekitori kuti vatsive mota dzavo. Uchiri kuwana Volga yekare (GAZ-24) ine pasi, trunk kana mapapiro akagadzirwa nesimbi isingatsvi. Asi izvi zvakava zvisingaite mushure mekuputsika kweSoviet Union. Handizive kuti sei uye sei, uye ikozvino hapana achabvuma kukuitira mari. Handisati ndambonzwa nezvezvikamu zvemuviri zvesimbi isingatsvi zviri kugadzirwa mumafekitori ekumadokero kana epasi rese. Chandaigona kuwana chete ijipi yesimbi isina ngura, asi ZVINONYANYA KUTI, mapaneru esimbi isina ngura akagadzirwazve nemaoko, kwete nefekitori. Kunewo nyaya yevateveri veWV Golf Mk2 vachiedza kuodha boka remafende esimbi isina ngura kubva kuvagadziri vemafendero esimbi vasina ngura vakaita saKlokkerholm, avo vanowanzoagadzira nesimbi isina ngura. Vagadziri vese ava vakabva vangobvisa chero hurukuro pamusoro penyaya iyi, vasingatombotauri nezvemutengo. Saka haugone kuodha chero chinhu nemari chero ipi zvayo munzvimbo iyi, kunyangwe yakawanda.
Ndinobvumirana nazvo, ndosaka ndisina kutaura nezveinjini pane rondedzero. Dambudziko guru reinjini harisi iro ngura.
Simbi isina ngura inodhura, hongu, asi bhokisi resimbi isina ngura harifanirwe kupendwa zvachose. Mutengo wechikamu chemuviri chakapendwa wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura chikamu chacho. Saka, bhokisi resimbi isina ngura rinogona kudhura pane rine ngura. uye richagara kwenguva refu. Ingotsiva mabhurashi nemajoini erabha akasakara pamotokari yako uye hauzodi kutenga mota itsva. Kana zviine musoro, unogona kutotsiva mota nechimwe chinhu chinoshanda zviri nani kana kunyange chemagetsi. Hapana marara, hapana kukanganisa nharaunda kusingakoshi pakuvaka mota itsva kana kushandisa dzekare. Asi nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, nzira iyi isingakuvadzi nharaunda haisi zvachose pane runyorwa rwevanoongorora zvakatipoteredza nevagadziri.
Mukupera kwema1970, mhizha muPhilippines dzakagadzira zvikamu zvitsva zvemuviri zveJeepneys nemaoko. Pakutanga zvakavakwa nemajeep akasiyiwa kubva kuHondo Yenyika II neHondo yeKorea, asi muna 1978 zvese zvakabviswa nekuti zvaikwanisa kutambanudza kumashure kuti zvikwane vatasvi vakawanda. Saka vaifanira kuvaka zvitsva kubva pakutanga uye kushandisa simbi isina ngura kudzivirira mutumbi kuti usaita ngura. Pachitsuwa chakakomberedzwa nemvura ine munyu, izvi zvakanaka.
Sheti resimbi isina ngura harina chinhu chakaenzana nesimbi yeHiTen. Izvi zvakakosha pakuchengetedza, yeuka bvunzo dzekutanga dzeeuroNCAP pamotokari dzekuChina dzisina kushandisa rudzi urwu rwesimbi yakakosha. Kune zvikamu zvakaoma, hapana chinokunda simbi yakakandwa yeGS: isingadhuri, ine hunhu hwakawanda hwekukanda uye inodzivirira ngura. Chipikiri chekupedzisira mubhokisi mutengo. Simbi isina ngura inodhura chaizvo. Vanoshandisa muenzaniso wemotokari yemitambo nechikonzero chakanaka apo mutengo haukoshi, asi yeVW hazvina basa.
Nekushandisa webhusaiti yedu nemasevhisi edu, unobvumirana pachena kuti makuki edu ekushanda, mashandiro uye ekushambadzira aiswe. Dzidza zvakawanda