Inqaku loMhleli: I-Intanethi ye-Pharmaceutical iyavuya ukunikezela eli nqaku linamacandelo amane malunga ne-orbital welding ye-bioprocess piping yingcali yoshishino uBarbara Henon we-Arc Machines. Eli nqaku lithatyathwe kwintetho kaGqr. Henon kwinkomfa ye-ASME ngasekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo.
Ukuthintela ilahleko yokumelana ne-corrosion.Amanzi acocekileyo ahlambulukileyo afana ne-DI okanye i-WFI i-etchant enobudlova kakhulu yensimbi engenasici.Ukwengeza, i-WFI ye-pharmaceutical grade ijikeleziswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu (80 ° C) ukugcina ubunyumba.Kukho umahluko ofihlakeleyo phakathi kokunciphisa ukushisa okwaneleyo ukuxhasa izinto eziphilayo ezikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwefilimu enobungozi ukunyusa imveliso ye-brown ebulalayo. ukubunjwa okungafaniyo okubangelwa ukuhlwa kwezinto zensimbi ezingenasici zemibhobho yensimbi.Ukungcola kunye nee-oxide zentsimbi zinokuba zizinto eziphambili, kodwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi, i-chromium kunye ne-nickel nazo zinokuba khona.Ubukho be-rouge buyingozi kwezinye iimveliso kwaye ubukho bayo bunokukhokelela ekuqhumeni okungaphezulu, nangona ubukho bayo kwezinye iinkqubo bubonakala bunobungozi ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukuwelda kunokuchaphazela kakubi ukumelana nomhlwa. Umbala oshushu ngumphumo wezinto ze-oxidizing ezifakwe kwi-welds kunye ne-HAZs ngexesha le-welding, iyingozi kakhulu, kwaye inxulumene nokwakhiwa kwe-rouge kwiinkqubo zamanzi amayeza.Ukwakheka kwe-oksidi ye-Chromium kunokubangela i-tint eshushu, ishiya ngasemva i-chromium-susrosion layered isuswe i-chromium-depleted layer. kunye nokusila, ukususa isinyithi kumphezulu, kubandakanywa umaleko ophantsi we-chromium, kunye nokubuyisela ukuxhathisa ukubola kumanqanaba asondelene nesiseko sesinyithi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchola kunye nokusila kuyingozi kumphezulu wokugqitywa.Ukugqithiswa kwenkqubo yokubhobhoza nge-nitric acid okanye i-agent ye-chelating formulations yenziwa ukoyisa imiphumo emibi ye-welding ye-welding kunye ne-electron. i-passivation inokubuyisela utshintsho oluphezulu ekusasazeni i-oksijini, i-chromium, isinyithi, i-nickel kunye ne-manganese eyenzeka kwindawo ye-weld kunye nobushushu obuchaphazelekayo kwi-pre-weld state.Nangona kunjalo, ukugqithiswa kuchaphazela kuphela umaleko ongaphandle kwaye akungeni ngaphantsi kwe-angstroms ye-50, ngelixa umbala we-thermal unokwandisa i-1000 ngaphantsi kwe-angstroms okanye ngaphezulu.
Ngoko ke, ukuze kufakwe iinkqubo zemibhobho enganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion kufuphi ne-substrates engadityanisiweyo, kubalulekile ukuzama ukunciphisa umonakalo we-welding kunye ne- fabrication-induced-induced umonakalo kumanqanaba anokuthi abuyiswe kakhulu nge-passivation. i-welding nayo ibalulekile ukuthintela ilahleko yokumelana ne-corrosion.Ukulawula inkqubo yokuvelisa ukuphumeza i-welds ephindaphindwayo kwaye ehambelanayo yomgangatho ophezulu, kunye nokuphathwa ngokucokisekileyo kwemibhobho yensimbi engenasici kunye namacandelo ngexesha lokuvelisa ukuthintela ukungcoliseka, yimfuneko ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomgangatho ophezulu wemibhobho echasene ne-corrosion kwaye ibonelela ngenkonzo yexesha elide enemveliso.
Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-high-purity biopharmaceutical stainless steel piping systems ziye zafumana i-evolution ekuphuculeni ukuxhathisa umhlwa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.Iintsimbi ezininzi ezingenastainless ezazisetyenziswa ngaphambi ko-1980 zazingama-304 zentsimbi esstainless kuba yayingabizi kakhulu kwaye iphuculwe ngaphezulu kobhedu olwalusetyenzisiwe ngaphambili. Enyanisweni, i-300 ye-300 series inokuba yilahleko ye-stainless, i-stainless stil, i-series i-stainless , i-stainless , i-stainless stil. ukumelana ne-corrosion, kwaye ayifuni i-preheat ekhethekileyo kunye nonyango olushushu lwasemva.
Kungekudala, ukusetyenziswa kwe-316 yensimbi engenasici kwizicelo zemibhobho yokucoca okuphezulu kuye kwaphakama.Uhlobo lwe-316 lufana nokubunjwa kwe-Type 304, kodwa ngaphezu kwe-chromium kunye ne-nickel alloying elements eziqhelekileyo kuzo zombini, i-316 iqulethe malunga ne-2% ye-molybdenum, ephucula kakhulu i-313330 yokumelana kunye noTypecor 310L ekubhekiselwe kuyo,6L, i-316L, i-R6L, i-316L, i-L. ukuya kumabakala "L", abe nomxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi kunamabakala aqhelekileyo (0.035% vs. 0.08%).Oku kuncipha komxholo wekhabhoni kuhloswe ukunciphisa inani le-carbide precipitation enokuthi yenzeke ngenxa ye-welding.Oku kukwenziwa kwe-chromium carbide, echitha imida yeenkozo ze-chromium baseceptible, i-carbium esekelwe kwi-metalible, eyenza i-carbium ye-carbide. ebizwa ngokuba "i-sensitization," lixesha kunye nokuxhomekeka kobushushu kwaye yingxaki enkulu xa i-soldering yesandla.Siye sabonisa ukuba i-orbital welding ye-super-austenitic stainless steel AL-6XN ibonelela nge-corrosion resistant welds kune-welds efanayo eyenziwa ngesandla. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-welding ye-orbital inika ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-amperage, i-pulsation kunye ne-welding ephantsi yokudibanisa kunye nexesha eliphantsi le-welding kunye nexesha eliphantsi le-welding. "L" amabakala 304 kunye ne-316 phantse aphelise imvula ye-carbide njengento ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni i-corrosion kwiinkqubo zemibhobho.
Ukutshintsha kobushushu ukuya kubushushu bentsimbi engenastainless. Nangona iiparamitha zokuwelda kunye nezinye izinto zinokugcinwa ngaphakathi kokunyamezelwa ngokufanelekileyo, kusekho iiyantlukwano kwigalelo lobushushu elifunekayo ukuwelda intsimbi engenasici ukusuka kubushushu ukuya kubushushu. Inani lobushushu linani leqashiso elinikezelwe kwintsimbi ethile enyibilikayo kwifektri. Ukwakhiwa kwemichiza echanekileyo yebhetshi nganye irekhodwa kunye neFactor irekhoda yobushushu (i-MTR). inombolo.Intsimbi ecocekileyo iyanyibilika kwi-1538 ° C (2800 ° F), ngelixa isinyithi esidibeneyo sinyibilika ngaphakathi koluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye noxinaniso lwe-alloy nganye okanye i-trace element ekhoyo.Kuba akukho zifudumezi ezimbini zentsimbi engenasici ziya kuqulatha ngokuthe ngqo ukuxinana okufanayo kwento nganye, iimpawu ze-welding ziya kwahluka ukusuka eziko ukuya kwiziko.
I-SEM ye-316L ye-weld ye-orbital yombhobho kumbhobho we-AOD (phezulu) kunye nezinto ze-EBR (ezantsi) zibonise umahluko obonakalayo ekuphucukeni kwe-weld bead.
Nangona inkqubo ye-welding enye ingasebenza kwii-heaters ezininzi kunye ne-OD efanayo kunye nobukhulu bodonga, ezinye iishushu zifuna i-amperage encinci kwaye ezinye zifuna i-amperage ephezulu kunesiqhelo.Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukufudumeza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yomsebenzi kufuneka kulandelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe iingxaki ezinokwenzeka.
Ingxaki yesulfure.Isulfure ye-Elemental yintlupheko enxulumene nentsimbi ekhutshwe kakhulu ngexesha le-steelmaking process.AISI Uhlobo lwe-304 kunye ne-316 ye-stainless steels icaciswe ngomxholo wesulfure ophezulu we-0.030%.Ngophuhliso lweenkqubo zanamhlanje zokusulungekisa isinyithi, njenge-Argon Oxygen Decarburization (Acuum) kunye ne-Vacuum yokuxutywa kwe-vacuum (i-Acuum). ilandelwa yi-Vacuum Arc Remelting (VIM + VAR), kuye kwenzeka ukuba kuvelise iintsimbi ezikhethekileyo kakhulu kwiindlela ezilandelayo.their compound composition.It kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba iimpawu ze-weld pool zitshintsha xa umxholo wesulfure wentsimbi ungaphantsi malunga ne-0.008%.Oku kungenxa yempembelelo yesulfure kunye nokunciphisa ezinye izinto kwi-coefficient ye-learl ye-coefficient yombane we-coefficient yombane we-coefficient yombane we-coefficient yomgangatho we-weld we-valid yomgangatho wokushisa. ichibi.
Kwiindawo eziphantsi kakhulu zesulfure (0.001% - 0.003%), ukungena kwe-weld puddle kuba banzi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neewelds ezifanayo ezenziwe kwizinto eziqulathekileyo zesulfure eziphakathi. Xa i-welding yangoku yanele ukuvelisa i-weld engene ngokupheleleyo. Oku kwenza izinto ezinomxholo wesulfure ophantsi kakhulu kunzima ukutshisa, ngakumbi ngeendonga ezityebileyo. Kwisiphelo esiphezulu sogxininiso lwesulfure kwi-304 okanye i-316 yensimbi engenasici, i-weld bead ithande ukuba ncinane ulwelo ngenkangeleko kwaye irhabaxa kune-medium sulfur ephakathi. I-0.005% ukuya kwi-0.017%, njengoko kucacisiwe kwi-ASTM A270 S2 ye-tubing yekhwalithi yamayeza.
Abavelisi bombhobho wensimbi engenasici nge-electropolished baye baqaphela ukuba namanqanaba aphakathi esulfure kwi-316 okanye 316L yensimbi engenasici yenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-semiconductor yabo kunye nabathengi be-biopharmaceutical kwimigangatho egudileyo, engenamngxuma yangaphakathi. i-inclusions okanye i-manganese sulfide (MnS) "i-stringers" ekhutshwe ngexesha le-electropolishing kwaye ishiye i-voids kwi-micron ye-0.25-1.0.
Abavelisi kunye nabanikezeli beetyhubhu ze-electropolished baqhuba imarike ekusetyenzisweni kwe-ultra-low-low sulfur materials ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo zokugqiba umphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ayiphelelanga kwiityhubhu ze-electropolished, njengoko kwiityhubhu ezingenambane ezifakiweyo ziyasuswa ngexesha lokugqithiswa kwenkqubo yokubhobhoza. izixhobo "ezicocekileyo".
Ukongeza ekuphuculeni i-weldability yensimbi engenasici, ubukho besulfure buye baphucule ukusebenziseka.Ngenxa yoko, abavelisi kunye nabavelisi badla ngokukhetha izinto ezikwisiphelo esiphezulu soluhlu lwesulfure echaziweyo.I-tubing ye-welding ene-sulfur concentrations ephantsi kakhulu kwi-fittings, i-valve okanye enye i-tubing enomxholo ophezulu wesulfure unokwenza iingxaki ze-salfur ephantsi. umxholo.Xa ukuphambuka kwe-arc kwenzeka, ukungena kuya kuba nzulu kwicala le-sulphur ephantsi kune-high-sulphur side, into echasene nento eyenzekayo xa imibhobho ye-welding kunye ne-concentrations yesulfure ehambelanayo.Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, i-weld bead inokungena ngokupheleleyo kwi-low-sulfur material kwaye ishiye ingaphakathi le-weld lingaxutywanga ngokupheleleyo (Fihey umyalelo we-1 kunye ne-Simeneau yomxholo we-82). kumxholo wesulfure wombhobho, iCandelo loMchweli Steel of Car-penter Technology Corporation of Pennsylvania iye yazisa isulfure ephantsi (0.005% max) 316 bar stock (Uhlobo 316L-SCQ) (VIM + VAR) ) kukwenziwa kofakelo kunye namanye amacandelo enzelwe ukuba idityaniswe kwimibhobho yesalfure ephantsi kakhulu ephantsi kakhulu imibhobho yesalfure ephantsi kakhulu enye imibhobho yesalfure ephantsi kakhulu. Isixhobo ukuya kwisulfure ephezulu.
Ukutshintshela ekusebenziseni iityhubhu zesulfure ephantsi kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sokufumana indawo egudileyo ye-electropolished yangaphakathi.Ngelixa ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye ne-electropolishing zibalulekile kuzo zombini i-semiconductor industry kunye ne-biotech/pharmaceutical industry, SEMI, xa kubhalwa i-semiconductor industry specication, icaciswe ukuba i-316L Survey for process gas 0 imigca ye-sulfum . I-ASTM, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iguqule i-ASTM 270 yayo inkcazo ukuba ibandakanye i-tubing ye-pharmaceutical-grade tubing ekhawulela umxholo wesulfure kuluhlu lwe-0.005 ukuya kwi-0.017%. okanye izixhobo, kunye nabafakeli kufuneka balandele ngononophelo ukufudumeza kwezinto kwaye bajonge ngaphambi kokwenziwa kwe-Solder ukuhambelana phakathi kokufudumeza.Ukuveliswa kwee-welds.
ezinye izinto ezilandelwayo.Ukulandelela izinto ezibandakanya isulfure, i-oksijeni, i-aluminium, i-silicon kunye ne-manganese zifunyenwe zichaphazela ukungena.Landa izixa ze-aluminium, i-silicon, i-calcium, i-titanium kunye ne-chromium ekhoyo kwisiseko sesinyithi njengoko i-oxide inclusions ihambelana nokubunjwa kwe-slag ngexesha le-welding.
Iziphumo zezinto ezahlukeneyo ziyaqokelelana, ngoko ke ubukho beoksijini bunokuphelisa ezinye zeziphumo eziphantsi zesulfure.Amanqanaba aphezulu e-aluminiyam angachasana nesiphumo esihle ekungeneni kwesulfure.I-Manganese iyaguquguquka kubushushu be-welding kwaye idipozithi kwindawo echaphazeleke bubushushu.Ezi diphozithi zemanganese zinxulunyaniswa nelahleko yokungatyalwa kwe-corrosion, imboniselo ye-Semicondu7 okwangoku. i-manganese ephantsi kunye ne-ultra-low manganese 316L izinto zokuthintela le lahleko yokuxhathisa ukubola.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Slag.Iziqithi ze-Slag zivela ngamaxesha athile kwintsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi kwezinye izifudumezi.Lo ngumba wendalo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha utshintsho kwimilinganiselo ye-welding inokunciphisa oku, okanye utshintsho kumxube we-argon / we-hydrogen unokuphucula i-weld.Pollard yafumanisa ukuba umlinganiselo we-aluminiyam kwi-silicon kwisiseko sesinyithi sichaphazela ukubunjwa kwe-slag engavumelekanga. Umxholo we-aluminium kwi-0.010% kunye nomxholo we-silicon kwi-0.5%. Nangona kunjalo, xa umlinganiselo we-Al / Si ungaphezulu kweli nqanaba, i-spherical slag inokwenza kunokuba i-plaque type.Olu hlobo lwe-slag luyakwazi ukushiya imigodi emva kwe-electropolishing, engamkelekanga kwizicelo ezicocekileyo. ukungena.Iziqithi ze-slag ezenza i-ID ye-weld bead zinokuchaphazeleka ekumdleni.
I-weld-run-run weld kunye ne-pulsation.I-Standard automatic automatic orbital welding ye-welding yi-weld eyodwa yokudlula kunye ne-pulsed current kunye nesantya esiqhubekayo sokujikeleza kwesantya.Le ndlela ifanelekile kumbhobho kunye needamitha zangaphandle ukusuka kwi-1/8 "ukuya malunga ne-7" kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwe-0.083 "nangaphantsi.Emva kokuba i-timed pre-purge iyenzeka ngexesha lokulibaziseka kwe-tubed iyenzeka ngexesha lokulibaziseka kwe-tube. apho i-arcing ikhona kodwa akukho ukujikeleza okwenzekayo.Emva kokulibaziseka okujikelezayo, i-electrode ijikeleza i-weld joint de i-weld idibanise okanye idibanise inxalenye yokuqala ye-weld ngexesha lokugqibela lokudibanisa.
Imowudi yenyathelo ("synchronized" welding). Ukudibanisa i-welding yezixhobo ezityebileyo ezinodonga, ngokuqhelekileyo kukhulu kune-0.083 intshi, umthombo wamandla we-fusion welding ungasetyenziselwa kwimo ehambelanayo okanye yenyathelo. Kwimowudi ye-synchronous okanye inyathelo, i-pulse ye-welding yangoku ilungelelaniswa kunye ne-stroke, ngoko i-rotor imile ukuze kungene ubuninzi be-intshi ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-pulses ephezulu ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. amaxesha ipulse, ngokomyalelo 0.5 ukuba 1.5 imizuzwana, xa kuthelekiswa neyeshumi okanye ikhulu ixesha ipulse yesibini ukuwelda eqhelekileyo. Le ubuchule unako ngokufanelekileyo weld 0.154 "okanye 6" angqindilili 40 gauge 40 umbhobho obhityileyo eludongeni kunye 0.154 "okanye 6 "ubuchule bokwenza udonga olubanzi luncedo ukwenza udonga olubanzi lwe-weld. ukuwelda iindawo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nokufakwa kwemibhobho kwimibhobho apho kunokubakho ukungafani kokunyamezelana kwe-dimensional, ukungahambi kakuhle okanye ukungahambelani kweMaterial thermal.Olu hlobo lwe-welding lufuna malunga nexesha eliphindwe kabini le-arc le-welding yesiqhelo kwaye ayifanelekanga kangako kwizicelo ze-ultra-high-purity (UHP) ngenxa yobubanzi, umthungo orhabaxa.
variables Programmable.Isizukulwana sangoku semithombo yamandla e-welding yi-microprocessor-based kunye neenkqubo zokugcina ezichaza amaxabiso amanani kwi-welding parameters kwi-diameter ethile (OD) kunye nobukhulu bodonga lombhobho ukuba udityaniswe, kuquka ixesha lokuhlanjululwa, i-welding yangoku, isantya sokuhamba (RPM) ), inani leemaleko kunye nexesha ngalinye, ixesha lokubetha, ixesha lokuhla, njl. isantya, itotshi oscillation amplitude kunye nexesha lokuhlala, AVC (arc umbane ulawulo ukubonelela umsantsa rhoqo arc), kunye upslope.Ukwenza welding fusion, fakela intloko welding kunye electrode efanelekileyo kunye nokufakwa umbhobho clamp kumbhobho kwaye ukhumbule ishedyuli welding okanye inkqubo evela kumthombo wamandla memory.Ulandelelwano welding iqalwa ngokucinezela iqhosha welding okanye inwebu opharetha isitshixo iyaqhubeka ngaphandle iqhosha welding okanye inwebu.
Ukufumana okuguquguqukayo okungacwangciswanga.Ukufumana umgangatho we-weld ngokuqhubekayo, imilinganiselo ye-welding kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo.Oku kufezekiswa ngokuchaneka komthombo wamandla we-welding kunye neprogram ye-welding, eyiseti yemiyalelo efakwe kumthombo wamandla, equka i-welding parameters, i-welding ubungakanani obuthile bombhobho okanye umbhobho. Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba i-welding ihlangabezana nemigangatho ekuvunyelwene ngayo.Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezithile kunye neenkqubo ngaphandle kweeparameters ze-welding kufuneka zilawulwe ngononophelo.Ezi zinto ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulungiselela ukuphela okulungileyo, ukucocwa kakuhle kunye nezenzo zokuphatha, ukunyamezela okulungileyo kwe-tubing okanye ezinye iindawo ezidibeneyo, uhlobo lwe-tungsten oluhambelanayo kunye nobukhulu, ukuhluka okuhlanjululwe kakhulu kweegesi ze-inert, kunye nokuqwalaselwa ngokucophelela kwe-gases ye-inert.
Iimfuno zokulungiselela ukuwelda ukuphela kombhobho zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-welding ye-orbital kunokuba i-welding manual. ubukhulu.
Iziphelo zombhobho kufuneka zihambelane kunye kwintloko ye-weld ukwenzela ukuba kungabikho msantsa obonakalayo phakathi kweziphelo ze-square butt joint.Nangona i-welded joints kunye nezithuba ezincinci zinokufezwa, umgangatho we-weld unokuchaphazeleka kakubi.I-gap enkulu, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho ingxaki.Indibano embi ingabangela ukusilela ngokupheleleyo kwe-soldering. iileyile eziphathwayo zokulungiselela isiphelo ezifana nezo zenziwe yiProtem, Wachs, kunye nabanye, zidla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza iiwelds ezigudileyo zokuphela kwe-orbital ezilungele umatshini.
Ukongeza kwiparameters welding ukuba amandla igalelo ukuwelda, kukho ezinye iinguqu ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe elinzulu kwi welding, kodwa aziyonxalenye yenkqubo ye-welding yokwenene. Oku kubandakanya uhlobo kunye nobukhulu be-tungsten, uhlobo kunye nokucoceka kwegesi esetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-arc kunye nokuhlanjululwa ngaphakathi kwe-weld joint, i-gas flow rate esetyenziselwa ukuhlanjululwa kwentloko kunye nolunye uhlobo olusetyenzisiweyo lokucoca kunye nomthombo wombane osetyenzisiweyo wokucoca intloko kunye nolunye uhlobo olusetyenzisiweyo. ulwazi.Sibiza ezi "non-programmable" eziguquguqukayo kwaye zirekhode kwishedyuli ye-welding.Ngokomzekelo, uhlobo lwegesi lubhekwa njengento ebalulekileyo kwi-Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) kwiinkqubo ze-welding ukuze zihambelane ne-ASME yeCandelo le-IX yeBoiler kunye neKhowudi ye-Presure Vessel.
i-welding gas.Insimbi engenasici iyamelana ne-oksijini ye-atmospheric oxidation kwiqondo lokushisa.Xa ishushu kwindawo yayo yokunyibilika (i-1530 ° C okanye i-2800 ° F yentsimbi ecocekileyo) i-oxidized ngokulula.I-argon ye-inert isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengegesi ekhuselayo kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwamalungu adibeneyo adibeneyo kwi-GTA kunye nenkqubo ye-gabital yokumisela i-oxygen. ubuninzi be-oxidation-induced discoloration eyenzeka okanye kufuphi ne-weld emva kwe-welding.Ukuba i-gas yokucoca ayikho umgangatho ophezulu okanye ukuba inkqubo yokuhlanjululwa ayivuzi ngokupheleleyo ukuba incinci yomoya ivuza kwinkqubo yokucoca, i-oxidation ingaba yi-teal ekhanyayo okanye i-bluish. Kakade ke, akukho kucoca kuya kubangela ukuba i-crusty ifakwe kwi-crusty blacksweet surface "Weldings of the common surface". kwi-cylinders yi-99.996-99.997% ecocekileyo, kuxhomekeke kumthengisi, kwaye iqulethe i-5-7 ppm ye-oksijini kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, kuquka i-H2O, i-O2, i-CO2, i-hydrocarbons, njl., kwi-totali ye-40 ppm ubuninzi.I-argon yococeko oluphezulu kwi-cylinder okanye i-9 ye-9 ye-9 Dewargon ecocekileyo. ppm ukungcola okupheleleyo, kunye nobuninzi be-2 ppm oksijini. QAPHELA: Izicoci zegesi ezifana neNanochem okanye uMgcini weSango zingasetyenziswa ngexesha lokuhlanjululwa ukunciphisa amanqanaba okungcola kwiindawo ngebhiliyoni (ppb) uluhlu.
Imixube yegesi efana ne-75% ye-helium / i-25% ye-argon kunye ne-95% ye-argon / i-5% ye-hydrogen ingasetyenziswa njengeegesi ezikhuselayo kwii-applications ezikhethekileyo.Imixube emibini ivelise i-welds eshushu kunezo zenziwe phantsi kwezicwangciso zenkqubo efanayo njenge-argon.Imixube ye-Helium ifaneleka ngokukodwa ekungeneni okuphezulu ngokuxutywa kwe-fusion welding kwi-carbonates ye-carbonate ye-aconductors ye-industry ye-carbon. imixube njengeegesi ezikhuselayo kwizicelo ze-UHP. Imixube yeHydrogen ineengenelo ezininzi, kodwa kwakhona ezinye disadvantages.Inzuzo enkulu kukuba ivelisa i-puddle emanzi kunye ne-weld surface egudileyo, ilungele ukuphumeza iinkqubo zonikezelo lwegesi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu olugudileyo kwindawo engaphakathi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. i-discoloration encinci kune-concentration ye-oksijeni efanayo kwi-argon ecocekileyo.Le mpembelelo ilungile malunga ne-5% ye-hydrogen content.Abanye basebenzisa i-95 / 5% i-argon / i-hydrogen umxube njenge-ID yokucoca ukuphucula ukubonakala kwe-weld bead yangaphakathi.
I-weld bead isebenzisa umxube we-hydrogen njengoko igesi yokukhusela iyancipha, ngaphandle kokuba insimbi engenasici inomxholo wesulfure ephantsi kakhulu kwaye ivelisa ubushushu obungakumbi kwi-weld kunokuba isetyenzisiwe sangoku kunye ne-argon engaxutywanga. Ububi obubalulekileyo bemixube ye-argon / ye-hydrogen kukuba i-arc iphantsi kakhulu kune-argon ecocekileyo ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kukho i-argon todrical eyaneleyo. I-arc drift inganyamalala xa kusetyenziswa umthombo werhasi oxutyiweyo owahlukileyo, icebisa ukuba inokubangelwa kukungcoliseka okanye ukuxubana kakubi. Kuba ubushushu obuveliswa yi-arc buyahluka kunye noxinaniso lwe-hydrogen, ugxininiso oluqhubekayo lubalulekile ukuphumeza i-welds ephindaphindwayo, kwaye kukho iiyantlukwano kwi-gas exutywe ngaphambili edibeneyo. ngenxa yokuwohloka kwe-tungsten evela kwi-gas exubeneyo ayikagqitywa, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba i-arc inzima kakhulu kwaye i-tungsten inokufuna ukutshintshwa emva kwe-welds enye okanye ezimbini.Imixube ye-Argon / hydrogen ayinakusetyenziswa ukutshisa i-carbon steel okanye i-titanium.
Isici esahlukileyo senkqubo ye-TIG kukuba ayidli i-electrodes.I-Tungsten ineyona ndawo iphakamileyo yokunyibilika kwayo nayiphi na isinyithi (6098 ° F; 3370 ° C) kwaye i-electron emitter efanelekileyo, eyenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa njenge-electrode engasetyenziswanga.Iipropati zayo ziphuculwe ngokudibanisa i-2% ye-oxides ethile enqabileyo yomhlaba efana ne-larm oxide okanye i-thorc oxide eqala ukuphucula i-thorc oxide. ukuzinza.I-tungsten ecocekileyo ayifane isetyenziswe kwi-GTAW ngenxa yeempawu eziphezulu ze-cerium tungsten, ngokukodwa kwi-orbital ye-GTAW izicelo.
I-Electrodes egqitywe ngokugqitywe ngokugqithiseleyo ifana kakhulu ngobukhulu.Umgangatho ogudileyo usoloko ukhethwa kwindawo enqabileyo okanye engahambelaniyo, njengoko ukuhambelana kwijometri ye-electrode kubaluleke kakhulu kwimiphumo ye-welding efanayo, i-uniform welding.Ii-electron ezikhutshwa kwincam (DCEN) zigqithise ubushushu ukusuka kwincam ye-tungsten ukuya kwi-weld.Incam ecolekileyo ivumela ukuba ubuninzi bangoku bugcinwe bufutshane, kodwa isiphumo sobomi sinokuthi sigcinwe. i-orbital welding, kubalulekile ukugaya ngomatshini incam ye-electrode ukuqinisekisa ukuphindaphinda kwejometri ye-tungsten kunye ne-weld repeatability.Incam enqabileyo inyanzelisa i-arc ukusuka kwi-weld ukuya kwindawo efanayo kwi-tungsten.I-tip ye-tip diameter ilawula ubume be-arc kunye nobungakanani bokungena kwi-current ethile.I-angle ye-taper ichaphazela iimpawu zolawulo lwangoku kunye ne-voltage echaziweyo. ibalulekile kuba ubude obaziwayo be-tungsten bunokusetyenziswa ukuseta i-arc gap.I-gap ye-arc yexabiso elithile langoku inquma i-voltage kwaye ngaloo ndlela amandla asetyenziswe kwi-weld.
Ubungakanani be-electrode kunye nencam yencam yayo ikhethwa ngokwendlela yokuwelda yangoku.Ukuba umsinga uphezulu kakhulu kwi-electrode okanye incam yayo, inokulahlekelwa yintsimbi ukusuka kwincam, kwaye ukusebenzisa i-electrode enencam yencam enkulu kakhulu ngoku kunokubangela ukuba i-arc drift. ukusetyenziswa kwenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye ne-0.040 "i-electrode ye-diameter ye-welding ye-welding encinci ye-Components.Ukwenzela ukuphindaphinda kwenkqubo ye-welding, uhlobo lwe-tungsten kunye nokugqiba, ubude, i-taper angle, ububanzi, i-tip diameter kunye ne-arc gap kufuneka zonke zichazwe kwaye zilawulwe.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-tube welding, i-cerium tungsten isoloko inconywa kuba olu hlobo lunobomi obude benkonzo ye-igsten kunye ne-igsten egqwesileyo kunezinye iintlobo ze-igsten ze-tungrium. non-radioactive.
Ngolunye ulwazi, nceda uqhagamshelane noBarbara Henon, uMphathi wezoBugcisa boMpapasho, i-Arc Machines, Inc., 10280 Glenoaks Blvd., Pacoima, CA 91331.Ifowuni: 818-896-9556.Fax: 818-890-3724.