Bayanin Edita: Pharmaceutical Online yana farin cikin gabatar da wannan kasida mai kashi huɗu akan waldawar orbital na bututun bioprocess ta ƙwararriyar masana'antu Barbara Henon na Arc Machines.Wannan labarin an daidaita shi daga gabatarwar Dr. Henon a taron ASME a ƙarshen shekarar da ta gabata.
Hana asarar lalata juriya.High tsarki ruwa irin su DI ko WFI ne mai matukar m echant ga bakin karfe. Bugu da kari, Pharmaceutical sa WFI aka keke a high zafin jiki (80 ° C) don kula da sterility.There ne da dabara bambanci tsakanin ragewa da zafin jiki isa don tallafa rayayyun kwayoyin cutarwa ga samfurin, da kuma raising da yawan zafin jiki da samar da fim Roge. na sãɓãwar launukansa abun da ke ciki lalacewa ta hanyar lalata na bakin karfe tsarin bututu tsarin.Dirt da baƙin ƙarfe oxides na iya zama babban aka gyara, amma daban-daban nau'i na baƙin ƙarfe, chromium da nickel kuma iya zama ba.The gaban rouge ne m ga wasu kayayyakin da gaban na iya haifar da kara lalata, ko da yake kasancewarsa a wasu tsarin ya bayyana ya zama fairly benign.
Welding iya adversely rinjayar lalata resistance.Hot launi ne sakamakon oxidizing abu ajiya a kan welds da HAZs a lokacin waldi, shi ne musamman detrimental, kuma yana hade da samuwar rouge a Pharmaceutical ruwa systems.Chromium oxide samuwar na iya haifar da wani zafi tint, barin a baya a chromium-depleted Layer da za a iya cire corrosion colourt. cire karfe daga surface, ciki har da karkashin chromium-depleted Layer, da kuma maido da lalata juriya ga matakan kusa da tushe karfe matakan.Amma, pickling da nika ne detrimental ga surface finish.Passivation na bututu tsarin da nitric acid ko chelating wakili formulations aka yi don shawo kan m effects na waldi da ƙirƙira kafin da piping tsarin da aka sa a cikin hanyar wucewa ta hanyar bincike na lantarki da aka mayar da wutar lantarki. oxygen, chromium, baƙin ƙarfe, nickel da manganese da suka faru a cikin weld da zafi shafi yankin zuwa pre-weld jihar. Duk da haka, passivation kawai rinjayar da m Layer Layer kuma ba ya shiga kasa 50 angstroms, alhãli kuwa thermal launi iya mika 1000 angstroms ko fiye a kasa da surface.
Saboda haka, domin shigar da lalata-resistant bututu tsarin kusa da unwelded substrates, yana da muhimmanci a yunƙurin iyakance walda da ƙirƙira-jawo lalacewa ga matakan da za a iya samu da yawa ta passivation.This na bukatar yin amfani da wani tsarkakewa iskar gas tare da kadan oxygen abun ciki da kuma bayarwa zuwa ciki diamita na welded hadin gwiwa ba tare da gurbacewa ta hanyar yanayi iskar oxygen ko danshi da kuma kauce wa amospheric iskar oxygen ko danshi. yana da mahimmanci don hana asarar juriya na lalata.Karfafa tsarin masana'antu don cimma nasarar maimaitawa da daidaiton ingancin walda, da kuma kula da bututun ƙarfe na bakin karfe da kuma abubuwan da aka gyara yayin masana'anta don hana kamuwa da cuta, sune mahimman buƙatu don tsarin bututu mai inganci wanda ke tsayayya da lalata kuma yana ba da sabis mai inganci na dogon lokaci.
Materials amfani da high-tsarki biopharmaceutical bakin karfe bututu tsarin sun fuskanci wani juyin halitta zuwa ga inganta lalata juriya a cikin past shekaru goma.Ma yawan bakin karfe da aka yi amfani da kafin 1980 ya 304 bakin karfe domin shi ne in mun gwada da m da kuma inganta a kan jan karfe da aka yi amfani da baya. baya buƙatar preheat na musamman da jiyya na zafi.
Kwanan nan, da yin amfani da 316 bakin karfe a high-tsarki bututu aikace-aikace ya kasance a kan Yunƙurin.Type 316 ne kama a cikin abun da ke ciki zuwa Type 304, amma ban da chromium da nickel alloying abubuwa na kowa zuwa duka biyu, 316 ya ƙunshi game da 2% molybdenum, wanda muhimmanci inganta 316's lalata juriya da 3Ly4 3Ty4. "L" maki, suna da ƙananan abun ciki na carbon fiye da ma'auni (0.035% vs. 0.08%). Wannan raguwa a cikin abun ciki na carbon an yi nufin rage yawan hazo na carbide wanda zai iya faruwa saboda walda. lokaci da zafin jiki dogara da shi ne ya fi girma matsala a lokacin da hannu soldering.We sun nuna cewa orbital waldi na super-austenitic bakin karfe AL-6XN samar da karin lalata resistant welds fiye da irin wannan welds yi da hannu.Wannan shi ne saboda orbital waldi samar da daidai iko amperage, pulsation da kuma lokaci, sakamakon a cikin wani m da kuma more waldi hadewa a cikin wani m da kuma karin uniform sa. 304 da 316 kusan suna kawar da hazo carbide a matsayin wani abu na haɓaka lalata a cikin tsarin bututu.
Heat-to-zafi bambancin bakin karfe.Ko da yake waldi sigogi da sauran dalilai za a iya kiyaye a cikin fairly m tolerances, akwai har yanzu bambance-bambance a cikin zafi shigarwar da ake bukata don weld bakin karfe daga zafi zuwa heat.A zafi lambar ne kuri'a lambar sanya wa wani takamaiman bakin karfe narke a factory.The ainihin sinadaran abun da ke ciki na kowane tsari aka rubuta a kan Factory Test Report da zafi batch (MTR). 1538°C (2800°F), yayin da alluran ƙarfe narke a cikin kewayon yanayin zafi, dangane da nau'in da tattarawar kowane gami ko abubuwan gano abubuwan da ke faruwa.Tunda babu zafi guda biyu na bakin karfe da zai ƙunshi daidaitaccen taro na kowane kashi, halayen walda zasu bambanta daga tanderu zuwa tanderun.
SEM na 316L bututu orbital welds akan bututun AOD (saman) da kayan EBR (ƙasa) sun nuna babban bambanci a cikin santsi na ƙyallen walda.
Yayin da hanyar walda guda ɗaya na iya yin aiki ga mafi yawan zafi tare da irin wannan OD da kauri na bango, wasu zafi suna buƙatar ƙananan amperage kuma wasu suna buƙatar amperage mafi girma fiye da yadda aka saba.Saboda haka, dumama kayan aiki daban-daban a kan wurin aiki dole ne a kula da hankali don kauce wa matsalolin da za su iya faruwa.Sau da yawa, sabon zafi yana buƙatar kawai ƙaramin canji a cikin amperage don cimma tsarin walda mai gamsarwa.
Matsalar sulfur.Elemental sulfur shine ƙazantaccen ƙarfe da ke da alaƙa da ƙarfe wanda aka fi cirewa yayin aikin ƙarfe.AISI Type 304 da 316 bakin karfe an ƙayyade tare da matsakaicin abun ciki na sulfur na 0.030%. Arc Remelting (VIM + VAR), ya zama mai yiwuwa don samar da karafa na musamman a cikin wadannan hanyoyi.su sinadaran abun da ke ciki.An lura da cewa kaddarorin weld pool canza a lokacin da sulfur abun ciki na karfe ne kasa game da 0.008% . Wannan shi ne saboda sakamakon sulfur da kuma zuwa wani karami sauran abubuwa a kan zafin jiki coefficient na surface tashin hankali, wanda ruwa ya kwarara ruwa.
A sosai low sulfur yawa (0.001% - 0.003%), shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin kududdufi ya zama mai fadi sosai idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan welds sanya a kan matsakaici sulfur abun ciki kayan.Welds sanya a kan low sulfur bakin karfe bututu za su yi fadi welds, yayin da a kan thicker bango bututu (0.065 inci, ko 1.66 mm ko fiye) a lokacin da za a yi recessency zuwa recessency. waldi halin yanzu ya isa ya samar da cikakken shigar weld.This sa kayan da sosai low sulfur abun ciki mafi wuya weld, musamman tare da thicker ganuwar.A mafi girma karshen sulfur maida hankali a cikin 304 ko 316 bakin karfe, da weld dutsen ado oyan zama m ruwa a cikin bayyanar da rougher fiye da matsakaici sulfur kayan.Saboda haka, da manufa a cikin range0 sulfur abun ciki. zuwa 0.017%, kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin ASTM A270 S2 don tubing ingancin magunguna.
Masu samar da electropolished bakin karfe bututu sun lura cewa ko da matsakaici matakan sulfur a cikin 316 ko 316L bakin karfe sa shi da wuya a sadu da bukatun da semiconductor da biopharmaceutical abokan ciniki ga santsi, rami-free ciki surfaces.The amfani da Ana dubawa electron microscopy don tabbatar da smoothness na tube surface gama da aka ƙara nuna santsi na tube surface gama da aka nuna a cikin tushe na karfe nonclusion. manganese sulfide (MnS) "stringers" waɗanda aka cire a lokacin electropolishing kuma suna barin babu komai a cikin kewayon 0.25-1.0 micron.
Manufacturers da kuma masu kaya na electropolished shambura suna tuki kasuwa zuwa ga yin amfani da matsananci-low sulfur kayan saduwa da su surface gama bukatun.However, matsalar ba iyakance zuwa electropolished shambura, kamar yadda a cikin wadanda ba electropolished shambura da inclusions an cire a lokacin passivation na piping system.Voids an nuna su zama mafi yiwuwa ga pitting, akwai wani Trend ga wasu m surface da kuma Trend fiye da m surface. kayan "mai tsabta".
Arc deflection.In Bugu da ƙari inganta weldability na bakin karfe, gaban wasu sulfur kuma inganta machinability.A sakamakon haka, masana'antun da masana'antun ayan zabi kayan a mafi girma karshen da kayyade sulfur abun ciki range.Welding tubing tare da sosai low sulfur taro zuwa kayan aiki, bawuloli ko wasu tubing tare da mafi girma sulfur abun ciki na iya haifar da low sulfur matsaloli tare da sulfur birced matsaloli tare da sulfur birced matsaloli. abun ciki.Lokacin da karkatar da baka ya faru, shigar da shiga ya zama mai zurfi a gefen ƙananan sulfur fiye da a gefen babban sulfur, wanda shine akasin abin da ke faruwa a lokacin da ake amfani da bututun walda tare da ma'auni na sulfur. sulfur abun ciki na bututu, da Carpenter Karfe Division of Car-penter Technology Corporation of Pennsylvania ya gabatar da wani low sulfur (0.005% max) 316 mashaya stock (Nau'in 316L-SCQ) (VIM + VAR) ) domin yi na kayan aiki da sauran aka gyara nufi da za a welded zuwa low sulfur bututu. Welding sosai low low sulfur bututu ne sosai low fiye da sauran sulfur kayan aiki. abu zuwa mafi girma sulfur daya.
A matsawa zuwa ga yin amfani da low-sulfur shambura ne sun fi mayar saboda da bukatar samun santsi electropolished ciki tube surfaces.Yayin da surface gama da electropolishing da muhimmanci ga duka biyu da semiconductor masana'antu da Biotech / Pharmaceutical masana'antu, SEMI, a lokacin da rubuta da semiconductor masana'antu bayani dalla-dalla, kayyade cewa 316L tubing for tsari gas Lines dole ne a sami wani 4% 0sulfur yi sulfur yi. ends.ASTM, a gefe guda, sun canza ƙayyadaddun su na ASTM 270 don haɗawa da tubing na magunguna waɗanda ke iyakance abun ciki na sulfur zuwa kewayon 0.005 zuwa 0.017% Wannan yakamata ya haifar da ƙarancin walda idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan kewayon sulfur. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa ko da a cikin wannan iyakataccen kewayon sulfur na iya faruwa yayin da ƙarancin sulfur na iya faruwa. bututu ko kayan aiki, da masu sakawa yakamata su bibiyar dumama kayan a hankali sannan a bincika kafin ƙirƙira Solder dacewa tsakanin dumama. Samar da walda.
sauran abubuwan da aka gano. An gano abubuwan da suka haɗa da sulfur, oxygen, aluminum, silicon da manganese don rinjayar shiga ciki. Yawan adadin aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium da chromium da ke cikin ƙarfe na tushe kamar yadda abubuwan da aka haɗa da oxide suna hade da haɓakar slag yayin waldi.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwa daban-daban suna tarawa, don haka kasancewar iskar oxygen na iya kashe wasu ƙananan tasirin sulfur.Maɗaukakin matakan aluminum na iya magance tasiri mai kyau a kan shigar da sulfur.Manganese volatilizes a waldi zafin jiki da adibas a cikin waldi zafi-shafi zone.Waɗannan manganese adibas suna hade da asarar da lalata juriya. manganese har ma da ultra-low manganese 316L kayan don hana wannan asarar juriya na lalata.
Slag formation.Slag tsibiran lokaci-lokaci bayyana a kan bakin karfe dutsen ado ga wasu heats.This ne inherently wani abu batu, amma wani lokacin canje-canje a waldi sigogi iya rage girman wannan, ko canje-canje a cikin argon / hydrogen cakuda iya inganta weld.Pollard gano cewa rabo daga aluminum zuwa silicon a cikin tushe karfe rinjayar slag samuwar.Don hana samuwar slag samuwar.To hana samuwar slag samuwar, aluminum bayar da shawarar ci gaba da plaque da plaque. 0.010% da silicon abun ciki a 0.5% % Duk da haka, a lokacin da Al / Si rabo ne sama da wannan matakin, spherical slag iya samar da maimakon plaque type.Wannan nau'i na slag iya barin ramummuka bayan electropolishing, wanda shi ne unacceptable ga high-tsarki aikace-aikace.Slag tsibiran da kafa a kan OD na weld na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa shigar azzakari cikin farji da kuma iya haifar da rashin isa ya shiga cikin ID. Ido mai walƙiya na iya zama mai saurin lalacewa.
Single-gudu weld tare da pulsation.Standard atomatik orbital tube waldi ne guda izinin tafiya weld tare da pulsed halin yanzu da kuma ci gaba da m gudun rotation.This dabara dace da bututu da waje diameters daga 1/8 ″ zuwa kamar 7 ″ da bango kauri na 0.083 ″ da kuma kasa.Peter a lokaci pre-purge, cika a lokacin da wani bango tired da jinkiri da aka yi a lokacin tube arcing. arcing yana nan amma babu wani juyi da ke faruwa.Bayan wannan jinkirin jujjuyawar, na'urar lantarki tana juyawa kewaye da haɗin gwiwar walda har sai walda ya haɗu ko ya mamaye ɓangaren farko na walda a ƙarshen Layer na walda. Lokacin da haɗin ya cika, na'urar tana jujjuya a cikin digo na lokaci.
Yanayin mataki ("daidaita" waldi) .Don haɗakar walda na kayan kauri mai kauri, yawanci mafi girma fiye da 0.083 inch, ana iya amfani da tushen wutar lantarki ta hanyar walda a yanayin daidaitawa ko yanayin mataki. Dabarar amfani da tsawon bugun bugun jini sau, a kan tsari na 0.5 zuwa 1.5 seconds, idan aka kwatanta da goma ko ɗari na biyu bugun jini lokaci na al'ada waldi.This dabara iya yadda ya kamata weld 0.154 ″ ko 6 ″ kauri 40 ma'auni 40 bakin ciki bango bututu da 0.154 ″ ko 6 . haƙuri da taimako ga walda maras bi ka'ida sassa kamar bututu kayan aiki zuwa bututu inda za a iya samun bambance-bambance a cikin girma tolerances, wasu misalignment ko Material thermal incompatibility.Wannan nau'i na walda yana bukatar kusan sau biyu na baka lokaci na al'ada waldi kuma shi ne kasa dace da matsananci-high-tsaftace (UHP) aikace-aikace saboda fadi, m.
Programmable variables.The halin yanzu ƙarni na waldi ikon kafofin ne microprocessor-tushen da kuma kantin sayar da shirye-shirye da cewa saka lambobi dabi'u ga waldi sigogi ga wani takamaiman diamita (OD) da bango kauri daga cikin bututu da za a welded, ciki har da purge lokaci, waldi halin yanzu, tafiya gudun (RPM) ), yawan yadudduka da lokaci da Layer, bugun jini lokaci, For downhill filler tube, da dai sauransu za mu ciyar da shirin tare da waya sigogi, da dai sauransu. gudun, torch oscillation amplitude da kuma zama lokaci, AVC (baka ƙarfin lantarki iko don samar da akai baka rata), da kuma upslope.Don yin Fusion waldi, shigar da waldi shugaban tare da dace lantarki da bututu matsa abun da ake sakawa a kan bututu da kuma tuna waldi jadawalin ko shirin daga ikon tushen memory.The waldi jerin aka qaddamar da waldi jerin ko membrane ci gaba da latsa panel panel ba tare da latsa walƙiya maballin.
Ba shirye-shirye masu canji.Don samun ci gaba mai kyau Weld ingancin, da waldi sigogi dole ne a hankali sarrafa.Wannan yana samuwa ta hanyar daidaito na waldi ikon tushen da waldi shirin, wanda shi ne wani sa na umarnin shigar a cikin ikon tushen, kunsha waldi sigogi, domin waldi wani takamaiman size na bututu ko pipe.There dole ne a sami wani tasiri sa na waldi ma'auni na waldi da spspection ma'auni na waldi da spspection. tsarin don tabbatar da cewa waldi ya dace da ka'idojin da aka amince da su.Duk da haka, wasu dalilai da hanyoyin da ba daidai ba na waldawa dole ne a kula da su a hankali.Wadannan abubuwan sun haɗa da yin amfani da kayan aiki mai kyau na shirye-shirye na ƙarshe, ayyuka masu kyau da tsaftacewa da kulawa, kyakkyawar juriya na girma na tubing ko wasu sassa da ake welded, daidaitattun nau'in tungsten da girman, mai tsabta mai tsabta inert gas, da hankali - babban zafin jiki.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na shirye-shiryen bututun ƙarshen walda sun fi mahimmanci don walƙiya na orbital fiye da walƙiya na hannu.Welded gidajen abinci na orbital bututu waldi ne yawanci square butt gidajen abinci.Don cimma da repeatability da ake so a orbital waldi, daidai, m, machined karshen shirye-shiryen da ake bukata.T Tun lokacin waldi halin yanzu dogara a kan bango kauri, da iyakar dole ne square ba tare da wani burrs ko ID zai zama daban-daban sakamakon (ODvel). kauri.
Ƙarshen bututu dole ne su dace tare a cikin shugaban weld don haka babu wani rata mai ban sha'awa a tsakanin iyakar square butt hadin gwiwa.Ko da yake welded gidajen abinci tare da kananan gibba za a iya cika, weld quality na iya zama adversely rinjayar.Mafi girma da rata, da mafi kusantar akwai matsala.Poor taro zai iya haifar da wani cikakken gazawar na soldering.Pipe saws da aka yi a cikin aiki da bututu da aka yi ta hanyar bututun da George Fis da sauran ke fuskanta ta hanyar bututun da George Fis ya yi. šaukuwa karshen shirye-shiryen lathes kamar wadanda yi da Protem, Wachs, da sauransu, sau da yawa amfani da su yi santsi karshen orbital welds dace da machining .Chop saws, hacksaws, band saws da tubing cutters ba dace da wannan dalili.
Bugu da ƙari ga sigogin walda waɗanda ke shigar da wutar lantarki zuwa walda, akwai wasu masu canji waɗanda za su iya yin tasiri mai zurfi akan walda, amma ba su cikin ainihin hanyar waldawa.Wannan ya haɗa da nau'i da girman tungsten, nau'i da tsarki na iskar gas da ake amfani da shi don garkuwa da baka da kuma tsaftace ciki na haɗin haɗin walda, adadin iskar gas da ake amfani da shi don tsarkakewa, nau'in haɗin gwiwar da aka yi amfani da shi, da nau'in wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi, da irin waɗannan bayanan da aka yi amfani da su na wutar lantarki. "marasa shirye-shirye" masu canji kuma rubuta su akan jadawalin walda. Misali, ana ɗaukar nau'in iskar gas mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin walda (WPS) don hanyoyin waldawa don bin ka'idodin ASME Sashe na IX Boiler da Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa. Canje-canje a cikin nau'in gas ko nau'in gas ɗin cakuda, ko kawar da hanyar kawar da ID.
waldi gas.Bakin karfe ne resistant zuwa yanayi oxygen hadawan abu da iskar shaka a dakin da zafin jiki.Lokacin da shi ne mai tsanani zuwa ta narkewa batu (1530 ° C ko 2800 ° F ga tsantsa baƙin ƙarfe) shi ne sauƙi oxidized.Inert argon ne mafi yawan amfani da matsayin garkuwa gas da kuma tsarkake ciki welded gidajen abinci ta hanyar orbital GTAW da iskar oxygen kayyade danshi adadin gas. oxidation-induced discoloration cewa faruwa a kan ko kusa da weld bayan waldi.If tsarkake gas ba na mafi ingancin ko kuma idan purge tsarin ba gaba daya yayyo free irin wannan cewa karamin adadin iska leaks a cikin tsarkakewa tsarin, da hadawan abu da iskar shaka iya zama haske teal ko bluish.Hakika, babu tsaftacewa zai haifar da crusty baki surface fiye da ake magana a kai a matsayin "sppWelds cylinderon a matsayin "sappWelds". 99.996-99.997% mai tsabta, dangane da mai sayarwa, kuma ya ƙunshi 5-7 ppm na oxygen da sauran ƙazanta, ciki har da H2O, O2, CO2, hydrocarbons, da dai sauransu, don jimlar 40 ppm a matsakaici. Argon mai tsabta a cikin silinda ko argon ruwa a cikin Dewar zai iya zama 99.9 ppm tare da iyakar 99.9. ppm oxygen.NOTE: Ana iya amfani da masu tsabtace iskar gas kamar Nanochem ko Mai tsaron Ƙofa yayin tsaftacewa don rage yawan gurɓataccen abu zuwa sassan kowane biliyan (ppb).
Mix abun da ke ciki.Gas gaurayawan kamar 75% helium / 25% argon da 95% argon / 5% hydrogen za a iya amfani da matsayin garkuwa gases ga na musamman aikace-aikace.The biyu gaurayawan samar zafi welds fiye da waɗanda aka yi a karkashin wannan shirin saituna kamar yadda argon.Helium gaurayawan musamman dace da matsakaicin shigar azzakari cikin farji ta hanyar Fusion waldi a kan carbon steel. don aikace-aikacen UHP. Haɗin hydrogen yana da fa'idodi da yawa, amma har da wasu manyan hasara. Amfanin shine cewa yana samar da kududdufin ruwa mai laushi da kuma shimfidar walƙiya mai laushi, wanda shine manufa don aiwatar da tsarin isar da iskar gas mai matsananciyar matsa lamba tare da santsi na ciki kamar yadda ya yiwu. Kasancewar hydrogen yana ba da yanayin ragewa, don haka idan alamun oxygen suna kasancewa tare da ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin cakudawar iskar oxygen, sakamakon da zai haifar da ƙarancin iskar gas mai tsabta. argon.Wannan tasirin yana da kyau a kusan 5% abun ciki na hydrogen. Wasu suna amfani da 95/5% argon/hydrogen cakuda a matsayin mai tsarkakewa na ID don inganta bayyanar da keɓaɓɓen walda na ciki.
A weld dutsen ado ta yin amfani da wani hydrogen cakuda kamar yadda garkuwa gas ne kunkuntar, sai dai bakin karfe yana da wani sosai low sulfur abun ciki da kuma haifar da mafi zafi a cikin weld fiye da guda halin yanzu saitin tare da unmixed argon.A gagarumin hasara na argon / hydrogen gaurayawan shi ne cewa baka ne nisa kasa barga fiye da tsarki argon, kuma akwai wani hali ga arc, mai tsanani isa ga drift drift. Ana amfani da tushen iskar gas, yana nuna cewa yana iya lalacewa ta hanyar gurɓatawa ko haɗakarwa mara kyau.Saboda zafin da ke haifar da arc ya bambanta tare da maida hankali na hydrogen, maida hankali akai-akai yana da mahimmanci don cimma madaidaicin welds, kuma akwai bambance-bambance a cikin gas ɗin kwalban da aka riga aka haɗa. An bayar da rahoton cewa arc ya fi wuya kuma tungsten na iya buƙatar maye gurbinsa bayan daya ko biyu welds. Ba za a iya amfani da cakuda Argon / hydrogen don yin amfani da carbon karfe ko titanium ba.
A rarrabe alama na TIG tsari shi ne cewa shi ba ya cinye electrodes.Tungsten yana da mafi girma narkewa batu na kowane karfe (6098 ° F; 3370 ° C) kuma shi ne mai kyau electron emitter, yin shi musamman dace da amfani a matsayin wanda ba consumable electrode.Its Properties an inganta ta ƙara 2% na wasu rare duniya oxides kamar ceria, oxidenum fara inganta a cikin ƙasa oxides kamar ceria, oxidenum oxidenum fara inganta. kwanciyar hankali.Thorium tungsten ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba a GTAW saboda mafi kyawun kaddarorin cerium tungsten, musamman don aikace-aikacen GTAW na orbital.Thorium tungsten ana amfani da shi ƙasa da na baya saboda suna da ɗan radiyo.
Electrodes da goge gama sun fi uniform a size.A santsi surface ne ko da yaushe fin so zuwa m ko m surface, kamar yadda daidaito a electrode geometry yana da muhimmanci ga m, uniform waldi results.Electrons emitted daga tip (DCEN) canja wurin zafi daga tungsten tip zuwa weld.A finer tip damar da halin yanzu yawa, amma zai iya haifar da high yawa rai. waldi, yana da mahimmanci don niƙa tip ɗin lantarki don tabbatar da maimaitawa na tungsten geometry da weld repeatability.The m tip tilasta baka daga weld zuwa wannan tabo a kan tungsten.The tip diamita iko da siffar da baka da kuma adadin shigar azzakari cikin farji a wani halin yanzu.The taper kwana rinjayar halin yanzu / ƙarfin lantarki da kuma halaye na da muhimmanci da aka sani da tungsten da aka ƙayyade na tungsten. Za'a iya amfani da tsawon tungsten don saita ratar arc. Ƙimar arc don ƙayyadaddun ƙimar halin yanzu yana ƙayyade ƙarfin lantarki kuma ta haka ne ƙarfin da ake amfani da shi ga weld.
Ana zaɓar girman electrode da diamita na tip bisa ga ƙarfin walƙiya na yanzu. Idan halin yanzu yana da tsayi da yawa don lantarki ko tip ɗinsa, yana iya rasa ƙarfe daga tip, kuma yin amfani da lantarki tare da diamita na tip wanda yake da girma don halin yanzu yana iya haifar da drift. sai dai idan an tsara amfani da za a yi amfani da 0.040 ″ diamita lantarki don waldi kananan daidaitattun Components.Domin repeatability na waldi tsari, tungsten irin da kuma gama, tsawon, taper kwana, diamita, tip diamita da baka rata dole ne a kayyade da kuma sarrafa. Domin tube waldi aikace-aikace, cerium tungsten ne ko da yaushe shawarar domin wannan irin yana da wani yawa tsawon da halaye na tungsten rayuwa fiye da C. marasa rediyo.
Don ƙarin bayani, tuntuɓi Barbara Henon, Manajan wallafe-wallafen Fasaha, Arc Machines, Inc., 10280 Glenoaks Blvd., Pacoima, CA 91331. Wayar: 818-896-9556.Fax: 818-890-3724.