Tlhokomeliso ea Mohlophisi: Pharmaceutical Online e thabetse ho hlahisa sehlooho sena sa likarolo tse 'nè mabapi le orbital welding of bioprocess piping ke setsebi sa indasteri Barbara Henon oa Arc Machines.Sengoliloeng sena se nkiloe ho tsoa puong ea Dr. Henon kopanong ea ASME bofelong ba selemo se fetileng.
Thibela tahlehelo ea ho hanyetsa kutu.Metsi a phahameng a hloekileng a kang DI kapa WFI ke etchant e mabifi haholo bakeng sa tšepe e sa hloekang.Ho phaella moo, WFI ea boemo ba meriana e tsamaisoa ka libaesekele ka mocheso o phahameng (80 ° C) ho boloka sterility.Ho na le phapang e poteletseng pakeng tsa ho theola mocheso o lekaneng ho tšehetsa likokoana-hloko tse phelang ho khothalletsa "rouge" tlhahiso ea "Rouge" ho hlahisa filimi e bolaeang e lekaneng. mefuta e fapaneng ea sebopeho e bakoang ke ho bola ha lisebelisoa tsa tsamaiso ea liphaephe tse sa hloekang.Dit le tšepe oxides e ka ba likarolo tse ka sehloohong, empa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea tšepe, chromium le nickel e ka boela ea e-ba teng.
Ho tjheseletsa ho ka ama hampe kutu ho hanyetsa.Mobala o chesang ke phello ea lintho tse oxidizing tse behiloeng holim'a li-welds le HAZs nakong ea ho cheselletsa, li kotsi ka ho khetheha, 'me li amahanngoa le ho thehoa ha rouge tsamaisong ea metsi a meriana.Chromium oxide formation e ka etsa hore ho be le tint e chesang, e siea ka morao lesela la chromium-susrobleted le ho tlosoa ha 'mala oa chromium. le ho sila, ho tlosa tšepe holim'a metsi, ho kenyelletsa le lera le ka tlaase la chromium, le ho tsosolosa ho hanyetsa ha kutu ho maemo a haufi le maemo a tšepe a motheo. passivation e ne e ka tsosolosa liphetoho holim'a kabo ea oksijene, chromium, tšepe, nickel le manganese tse etsahetseng sebakeng se chesehelang le mocheso se amehileng ho ea pele ho weld state.Leha ho le joalo, passivation e ama feela karolo e ka ntle ea holim'a metsi 'me ha e kene ka tlase ho li-angstroms tse 50, athe mocheso oa mocheso o ka atolosa 1000 ka tlase ho angstroms kapa ho feta.
Ka hona, e le ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe tse thibelang kutu haufi le li-substrates tse se nang welded, ke habohlokoa ho leka ho fokotsa tšenyo e bakoang ke welding le masela ho ea ka maemo a ka fumanoang haholo ka passivation. ho tjheseletsa ho boetse ho bohlokoa ho thibela tahlehelo ea ho hanyetsa kutu.Ho laola mokhoa oa ho etsa lihlahisoa ho finyella li-welds tse pheta-phetoang le tse tsitsitseng tsa boleng bo phahameng, hammoho le ho sebetsana ka hloko ha liphaephe tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang le likaroloana nakong ea tlhahiso ea ho thibela tšilafalo, ke litlhoko tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa tsamaiso ea liphaephe ea boleng bo phahameng e hanyetsanang le ho bola le ho fana ka tšebeletso ea nako e telele ea tlhahiso.
Lisebelisoa tse sebelisitsoeng litsing tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang tsa biopharmaceutical li bile le phetoho e lebisang ntlafatsong ea ho hanyetsa kutu lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Litšepe tse ngata tse sa hloekang tse sebelisitsoeng pele ho 1980 e ne e le tšepe e sa hloekang ea 304 hobane e ne e batla e le theko e tlase ebile e ntlafatsoa ho feta koporo e sebelisitsoeng pele. ho hanyetsa kutu, 'me ha u hloke liphekolo tse khethehileng tsa preheat le ka mor'a mocheso.
Haufinyane tjena, tšebeliso ea tšepe e sa hloekang ea 316 lits'ebetsong tsa liphaephe tse phahameng tsa bohloeki e 'nile ea eketseha.Mofuta oa 316 o tšoana le sebopeho sa Mofuta oa 304, empa ho phaella ho chromium le nickel alloying elements tse tloaelehileng ho bobeli, 316 e na le hoo e ka bang 2% molybdenum, e ntlafatsang haholo 316sion 316L 316L,6L, 6L, 6L, 316L, 6L, 316L. ho ea ho limaraka tsa "L", li na le likhahla tse tlase tsa carbon ho feta limaraka tse tloaelehileng (0.035% vs. 0.08%).Phokotso ena ea carbon content e reretsoe ho fokotsa palo ea carbide precipitation e ka 'nang ea etsahala ka lebaka la ho cheseletsa.Sena ke ho thehoa ha chromium carbide, e senyang meeli ea lijo-thollo tsa chromium baseceptible, e etsang hore e be carbide carbide. e bitsoang "sensitization," ke nako le mocheso o itšetlehileng ka 'me ke bothata bo boholoanyane ha ho soasoa ka letsoho.Re bontšitse hore orbital welding ea super-austenitic stainless steel AL-6XN e fana ka li-welds tse thibelang kutu ho feta li-welds tse tšoanang tse etsoang ka letsoho. "L" limaraka tsa 304 le 316 li hlile li felisa pula ea carbide e le sesosa sa nts'etsopele ea ho senyeha ha tsamaiso ea liphaephe.
Ho fapana ha mocheso ho isa mochesong oa tšepe e sa hloekang.Le hoja litekanyetso tsa tjheseletsa le lintlha tse ling li ka bolokoa ka har'a mamello e tiileng, ho ntse ho e-na le phapang pakeng tsa mocheso o hlokahalang ho cheselletsa tšepe e sa hloekang ho tloha mocheso ho ea mocheso. nomoro.Tšepe e hloekileng e qhibiliha ka 1538 ° C (2800 ° F), ha litšepe tse kopantsoeng li qhibiliha ka har'a mefuta e mengata ea mocheso, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta le mahloriso a motsoako o mong le o mong kapa trace element e teng.Kaha ha ho licheso tse peli tsa tšepe e sa hloekang tse tla ba le mahloriso a tšoanang hantle a ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, litšobotsi tsa ho tjheseletsa li tla fapana ho tloha sebōping ho ea ho sebōpi.
SEM ea 316L pipe orbital welds ka AOD pipe (top) le EBR material (tlase) e bontšitse phapang e kholo ho boreleli ba sefaha sa weld.
Le hoja mokhoa o le mong oa ho tjheseletsa o ka sebetsa bakeng sa mocheso o mongata o nang le OD le botenya ba marako a tšoanang, mocheso o mong o hloka amperage e fokolang 'me tse ling li hloka amperage e phahameng ho feta e tloaelehileng.Ka lebaka lena, ho futhumatsa ha lisebelisoa tse fapaneng sebakeng sa mosebetsi ho tlameha ho lateloa ka hloko ho qoba mathata a ka bang teng.
Sulfur problem.Sebabole sa Elemental ke litšila tse amanang le ore ea tšepe tse tlosoang haholo nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tšepe.AISI Type 304 le 316 stainless steels li hlalositsoe ka tekanyo e phahameng ea sebabole ea 0.030%.Ka nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea morao-rao ea ho hloekisa tšepe, joalo ka Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AcuOD) le Vasmelduum Vascuum le Vacuum . e lateloa ke Vacuum Arc Remelting (VIM + VAR), ho se ho khoneha ho hlahisa litšepe tse khethehileng haholo ka litsela tse latelang.mekhabiso ea tsona ea lik'hemik'hale.Ho hlokometsoe hore thepa ea letamo la weld e fetoha ha sebabole sa tšepe se le ka tlase ho hoo e ka bang 0.008%.Sena se bakoa ke phello ea sebabole le ho isa tekanyong e fokolang ea likarolo tse ling holim'a mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa metsi o phallang. letamo.
Maemong a tlase haholo a sebabole (0.001% - 0.003%), ho kenella ha puddle ea weld ho ba kholo haholo ha ho bapisoa le li-welds tse tšoanang tse entsoeng ka thepa ea sebabole e mahareng. tjheseletsa. 0.005% ho isa ho 0.017%, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ho ASTM A270 S2 bakeng sa li-tubing tsa boleng ba meriana.
Bahlahisi ba phala ea tšepe e sa hloekang ea electropolished ba hlokometse hore esita le maemo a itekanetseng a sebabole ka tšepe ea 316 kapa 316L a etsa hore ho be thata ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa bareki ba bona ba semiconductor le biopharmaceutical bakeng sa libaka tse ka hare tse boreleli, tse se nang mekoti. li-inclusions kapa manganese sulfide (MnS) "li-stringers" tse tlosoa nakong ea electropolishing 'me li siea li-voids ka har'a 0.25-1.0 micron range.
Baetsi le barekisi ba li-tubes tsa electropolished ba khanna 'maraka ho ea ho tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa sebabole tse tlase haholo ho fihlela litlhoko tsa bona tsa ho qetela. lisebelisoa tse "hloekileng".
Ntle le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tšepe e sa hloekang, boteng ba sebabole bo boetse bo ntlafatsa machinability. Ka lebaka leo, bahlahisi le bahlahisi ba atisa ho khetha thepa qetellong ea sebabole se boletsoeng. dikahare.Ha ho kheloha arc ho etsahala, ho kenella ho fetoha ho teba ka lehlakoreng le tlaase-sulfure ho feta ka lehlakoreng le phahameng-sebabole, e leng se fapaneng le se etsahalang ha lipeipi tsa ho tjheseletsa tse nang le likhahla tse tšoanang tsa sebabole.Maemong a feteletseng, sefaha sa weld se ka phunyeletsa ka ho feletseng thepa e tlaase ea sebabole 'me ea siea hare-hare ea weld e sa phutholoha ka ho feletseng (Fihey 1 le Simeneau ea 9, In ​​the Simeneau). ho dikahare tsa sebabole tsa phala, Carpenter Steel Division of Car-penter Technology Corporation of Pennsylvania e hlahisitse sebabole se tlase (0.005% max) 316 bar stock (Mofuta oa 316L-SCQ) (VIM+VAR)) bakeng sa ho etsa li-fittings le likarolo tse ling tse reretsoeng ho chesetsoa ho liphaephe tse tlase tsa sebabole tse tlase haholo ho feta liphaephe tse tlase tsa sebabole tse ling ho bonolo haholo. thepa ho isa sebabole se phahameng.
Phetoho ea tšebeliso ea li-tubes tse tlaase-sulfur e bakoa haholo ke tlhokahalo ea ho fumana libaka tse boreleli tsa ka hare tsa electropolished. Le hoja ho qeta holim'a metsi le electropolishing li bohlokoa ho indasteri ea semiconductor le indasteri ea biotech / meriana, SEMI, ha ho ngoloa tlhaloso ea indasteri ea semiconductor, e hlalositse hore 316L Surface tubing bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea khase ea ts'ebetso ea optimum 040004% e tlameha ho ba le litekanyo tsa ts'ebetso ea khase. Qetellong.ASTM, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e fetotse litlhaloso tsa bona tsa ASTM 270 hore li kenyelle li-tubing tsa meriana tse fokotsang sebabole ho tloha ho 0.005 ho ea ho 0.017%.Sena se lokela ho fella ka mathata a fokolang a ho tjheseletsa ha a bapisoa le li-sulfurs tse tlaase. kapa li-fittings, le li-installers li lokela ho latela ka hloko ho futhumala ha thepa le ho hlahloba pele ho ho etsoa ha Solder e lumellana pakeng tsa ho futhumatsa.Ho hlahisa li-welds.
Lintho tse ling tsa ho latela lintlha tse kenyelletsang sebabole, oksijene, aluminium, silicon le manganese li fumanoe li ama ho kenella.Tsela ka bongata ba aluminium, silicon, calcium, titanium le chromium tse teng ka tšepe ea motheo kaha li-oxide inclusions li amahanngoa le ho thehoa ha slag nakong ea ho cheselletsa.
Liphello tsa likarolo tse fapa-fapaneng li bokellana, kahoo boteng ba oksijene bo ka fokotsa tse ling tsa liphello tse tlaase tsa sebabole.Maemo a phahameng a aluminium a ka thibela phello e ntle ea ho kenella ha sebabole.Manganese e fetoha mocheso oa ho cheselletsa mocheso le li-deposit sebakeng se amehileng ke mocheso oa tjheseletsa.Li-deposit tsena tsa manganese li amahanngoa le tahlehelo ea ho senyeha ha corrosion. manganese e tlase esita le lisebelisoa tsa 316L tse tlase tsa manganese ho thibela tahlehelo ena ea ho hanyetsa kutu.
Slag formation.Slag lihlekehlekeng ka linako tse ling hlaha ka sefaha tšepe e sa hloekang bakeng sa heats ba bang.Ena ke ka tlhaho taba ea lintho tse bonahalang, empa ka linako tse ling liphetoho ka tjheseletsa parameters ka fokotsa sena, kapa liphetoho argon/hydrogen motsoako ka ntlafatsa weld.Pollard fumane hore karo-karolelano ea aluminium ho silicon ka tšepe botlaaseng ama ho boloka slag sebopeho.Ho thibela unwated sebopeho sa slag. aluminium content ho 0.010% le silicon content ho 0.5%.Leha ho le joalo, ha karo-karolelano ea Al / Si e ka holimo ho tekanyo ena, slag spherical e ka 'na ea theha ho e-na le mofuta oa plaque.Mofuta ona oa slag o ka tloha likoting ka mor'a electropolishing, e sa amoheleheng bakeng sa likopo tsa bohloeki bo phahameng.Lihlekehleke tsa Slag tse thehoang ka OD li ka etsa hore sephetho se sa lekaneng sa ID se fetele ka har'a penenet. penetration.Lihlekehleke tsa slag tse bopehileng ho ID weld bead li ka ba bonolo ho bola.
Single-run weld with pulsation.Standard automatic orbital tube welding is a single pass weld with pulsed current and continuous constant speed rotation.Mokhoa ona o loketse pipe e nang le bophara ba ka ntle ho tloha 1/8 "ho ea ho hoo e ka bang 7" le marako a marako a 0.083" le ka tlase. eo ho eona arcing e leng teng empa ha ho na ho potoloha.Ka mor'a ho lieha hona ho potoloha, eleketrode e potoloha ho pota-potile lenonyeletso la weld ho fihlela weld e kopana kapa e feta karolo ea pele ea weld nakong ea ho qetela ea ho cheselletsa.
Mokhoa oa mohato ("synchronized" welding). Bakeng sa tjheseletsa ea fusion ea thepa e teteaneng e nang le marako, hangata e kholo ho feta 0.083 inch, mohloli oa matla a fusion welding o ka sebelisoa ka mokhoa o lumellanang kapa oa mohato. makhetlo a pulse, ka tatellano ea 0.5 ho metsotsoana 1.5, bapisoa le karolo ea leshome kapa lekholo ea nako ea bobeli pulse bakeng sa tjheseletsa tloaelehileng. Mokhoa ona ka ka katleho weld 0.154 "kapa 6" teteaneng 40 gauge 40 tšesaane lerako phala le 0.154 "kapa 6 "kapa 6 ″ ho etsa botenya bo boholo ba ho etsa lerako le nang le botenya le botenya. ho tjheseletsa likarolo tse sa tsitsang tse kang liphaephe tsa ho kenya liphaephe moo ho ka 'nang ha e-ba le liphapang tsa ho mamellana ha mahlakore, ho se lumellane ho itseng kapa ho se lumellane ha thepa ea mocheso. Mofuta ona oa ho cheselletsa o hloka hoo e ka bang habeli nako ea arc ea ho cheselletsa ho tloaelehileng 'me ha e tšoanelehe haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa Ultra-high-purity (UHP) ka lebaka la seam se pharaletseng, se mahoashe.
Mefuta ea morao-rao ea mehloli ea matla a tjheseletsa e thehiloe ke microprocessor-based le mananeo a polokelo a hlalosang litekanyetso tsa lipalo bakeng sa li-parameter tsa welding bakeng sa bophara bo itseng (OD) le botenya ba lerako la phala e lokelang ho kenngoa, ho kenyelletsa nako ea ho hloekisa, hona joale, lebelo la ho tsamaea (RPM) ), palo ea lihlopha le nako ka lera, nako ea pulse, nako ea ho theoha, joalo-joalo. lebelo, torch oscillation amplitude le ho lula nako, AVC (arc voltage control ho fana ka kamehla arc gap), le upslope.Ho phetha fusion tjheseletsa, kenya tjheseletsa hlooho ka eleketrode loketseng le phala clamp kenya ka phala le hopola tjheseletsa kemiso kapa lenaneo ho tloha mohloling oa matla memori.The tjheseletsa tatelano e qalisoa ka ho tobetsa konopo kapa lera senotlolo opareitara e tsoela pele ntle le ho tjheseletsa konopo kapa lera lera.
Liphetoho tse sa hlophisehang.Ho fumana boleng bo botle ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng, litekanyetso tsa tjheseletsa li tlameha ho laoloa ka hloko.Sena se finyelloa ka ho nepahala ha mohloli oa matla a ho tjheseletsa le lenaneo la ho tjheseletsa, e leng sete ya litaelo tse kentsoeng mohloling oa matla, o nang le litekanyetso tsa ho tjheseletsa, bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa boholo bo itseng ba phala kapa phala. tsamaiso ea ho etsa bonnete ba hore tjheseletsa e finyella litekanyetso tseo ho lumellanoeng ka tsona.Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tse ling le mekhoa e meng ntle le mekhoa ea ho cheselletsa le eona e tlameha ho laoloa ka hloko.Mabaka ana a kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea thepa e ntle ea ho lokisa qetellong, mekhoa e metle ea ho hloekisa le ho sebetsana le mekhoa e metle, mamello e ntle ea dimensional ea li-tubing kapa likarolo tse ling tse nang le li-welded, mofuta o tsitsitseng oa tungsten le boholo, mefuta e fapaneng e hloekisitsoeng haholo ea likhase tsa inert, le ho ela hloko ka hloko.
Litlhoko tsa ho itokisa bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa ha phala li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho tjheselletsa orbital ho feta ho tjheseletsa ka letsoho.Manonyello a tjheseletsang bakeng sa tjheseletsa ya phala ya orbital hangata ke maqhama a sekwere butt.Ho fihlela ho pheta-pheta ho lakatswang ho tjheseletsa ha orbital, ho nepahala, ho tsitsang, ho hlophisoa ha bofelo hoa hlokahala.Kaha ho tjheseletsa hona joale ho itšetlehile ka botenya ba lebota, lipheletsong li tlameha ho ba lisekoere tse se nang li-burrs kapa li-ID tse fapaneng (ID ea ID kapa ID) botenya.
Lipheletso tsa phala li tlameha ho lumellana hloohong ea weld e le hore ho se ke ha e-ba le lekhalo le hlokomelehang pakeng tsa lipheletsong tsa lisekoere tsa sekoahelo. nkehang habobebe qetellong lokisetsa lathes tse kang tse entsoeng ke Protem, Wachs, le ba bang, hangata sebelisoa ho etsa boreleli qetellong orbital welds loketseng bakeng sa machining .Chop saw, hacksaw, sehlopha lisakha le li-tubing cutters ha li loketse morero ona.
Ho phaella ho tjheseletsa paramethara hore input matla a ho tjheseletsa, ho na le diphapano tse ling tse ka ba le phello e tebileng ho tjheseletsa, empa ha se karolo ea mokhoa oa sebele oa ho tjheseletsa. Sena se kenyelletsa mofuta le boholo ba tungsten, mofuta le bohloeki ba khase e sebelisetsoang ho sireletsa arc le ho hloekisa ka hare ho motsoako oa weld, tekanyo ea phallo ea khase e sebelisetsoang ho hloekisa hlooho le mohloli ofe kapa ofe oa motsoako, mohloli o mong le o mong o sebelisoang ho hloekisa hlooho le mohloli o mong. tlhahisoleseding.Re bitsa mefuta ena e “sa keneng lenaneong” mme re e rekota ho kemisong ya ho tjheseletsa.Ka mohlala, mofuta wa kgase o nkuwa e le ntho e ka feto-fetohang ya bohlokwa ho Specification ya Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) bakeng sa ditsamaiso tsa ho tjheseletsa ho tsamaelana le ASME Karolo IX Boiler le Pressure Vessel Code.Liphetoho tsa mofuta oa khase kapa liphesente tsa motsoako oa khase, kapa li hloka ho felisoa ha mokhoa oa ho hloekisa ID.
welding gas.Stainless steel ha e hanyetsane le oxidation ea oksijene ea sepakapaka ka mocheso oa kamore. palo ea oxidation-induced discoloration e etsahalang kapa haufi le weld ka mor'a ho cheselletsa.Haeba khase ea purge e se ea boleng bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa kapa haeba tsamaiso ea ho hloekisa e sa lutle ka ho feletseng hoo moea o fokolang o kenang ka har'a tsamaiso ea ho hloekisa, oxidation e ka 'na ea e-ba teal e khanyang kapa bluish. ka li-cylinders ke 99.996-99.997% e hloekileng, ho itšetlehile ka mofani oa thepa, 'me e na le 5-7 ppm ea oksijene le litšila tse ling, ho akarelletsa le H2O, O2, CO2, hydrocarbons, joalo-joalo, bakeng sa kakaretso ea 40 ppm e phahameng.Bohloeki bo phahameng ba argon ka cylinder kapa 9 9 9 9 ea metsi a hloekileng Dewargon. ppm kakaretso ea litšila, e nang le oksijene e ka holimo ho 2 ppm. TLHOKOMELISO: Lisebelisoa tsa khase tse kang Nanochem kapa Gatekeeper li ka sebelisoa nakong ea ho hloekisa ho fokotsa maemo a silafatso ho likarolo tse limilione tse likete (ppb).
metsoako e tsoakiloeng.Metsoako ea khase e kang 75% helium/25% argon le 95% argon/5% hydrogen e ka sebelisoa e le likhase tse sireletsang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng.Metsoako e 'meli e ile ea hlahisa li-welds tse chesang ho feta tse entsoeng tlas'a litlhophiso tse tšoanang tsa lenaneo le argon.Metsoako ea Helium e loketse ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho kenella ka ho fetisisa ka fusion welding holim'a carbongon avocate ea tšepe ea hydrogen. metsoako e le likhase tse sireletsang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa UHP.Metsoako ea haedrojene e na le melemo e mengata, empa hape le mefokolo e meng e tebileng.Molemo ke hore e hlahisa puddle e metsi le sebaka se boreleli sa weld, se loketseng bakeng sa ho kenya tšebetsong litsamaiso tsa phepelo ea khase e phahameng ka boreleli ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.Ho ba teng ha hydrogen ho fana ka moea o fokolang oa moea o nang le oksijene, ka lebaka leo, ha ho na le moea o fokolang oa oksijene. ho fokotseha ho fokolang ho feta motsoako oa oksijene o tšoanang ka argon e hloekileng.Phello ena e nepahetse hoo e ka bang 5% ea hydrogen content. Ba bang ba sebelisa motsoako oa 95 / 5% argon / hydrogen e le ho hloekisa ID ho ntlafatsa ponahalo ea sefaha se ka hare sa weld.
The weld bead sebelisa motsoako oa haedrojene ha khase e sireletsang e le moqotetsane, ntle le hore tšepe e sa hloekang e na le sebabole se tlaase haholo 'me se hlahisa mocheso o mongata ho weld ho feta boemo bo tšoanang ba hona joale le argon e sa tsoakoang. Arc drift e ka 'na ea nyamela ha ho sebelisoa mohloli o fapaneng oa khase e tsoakiloeng, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore e ka bakoa ke tšilafalo kapa ho tsoaka hampe.Hobane mocheso o hlahisoang ke arc o fapana le motsoako oa hydrogen, ho bohlokoa ho tsepamisa mohopolo ho fumana li-welds tse pheta-phetoang,' me ho na le liphapang tsa khase ea libotlolo tse kopantsoeng pele. bakeng sa ho senyeha ha tungsten ho tloha khase e tsoakiloeng ha ho e-s'o tsejoe, ho tlalehoa hore arc e thata haholoanyane 'me tungsten e ka' na ea hloka ho nkeloa sebaka ka mor'a hore ho be le welds e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli.
Tšobotsi e khethollang ea ts'ebetso ea TIG ke hore ha e je li-electrode.Tungsten e na le ntlha e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho qhibiliha ea tšepe leha e le efe (6098 ° F; 3370 ° C) 'me ke elektronike e ntle ea elektronike, e etsang hore e be e loketseng ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho sebelisoa e le electrode e sa sebelisoeng.Thepa ea eona e ntlafatsoa ka ho eketsa 2% ea li-oxide tse itseng tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e tse kang lanum oxide le thorc oxide e qalang, e leng lanum oxide kapa thorc oxide. botsitso.Tungsten e hloekileng ha e sebelisoe hangata ho GTAW ka lebaka la thepa e phahameng ea cerium tungsten, haholo-holo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa orbital GTAW.Thorium tungsten e sebelisoa ka tlase ho nako e fetileng hobane e batla e le mahlaseli a kotsi.
Li-electrode tse nang le qetello e bentšitsoeng li lekana ka boholo. Sebaka se boreleli se lula se le molemo ho sebaka se mahoashe kapa se sa tsitsang, kaha ho lumellana ha electrode geometry ho bohlokoa bakeng sa liphello tse tsitsitseng, tse ts'oanelang ho tjheseletsa. orbital tjheseletsa, ke habohlokoa ho mechine sila ntlha eleketrode ho etsa bonnete ba repeatability ya tungsten geometry le weld repeatability.Ntlha e blunt e qobella arc ho tloha weld ho ea sebakeng se le seng holim'a tungsten.The ntlha bophara laola sebōpeho sa arc le palo ea ho kenella ka tsela e itseng ea hona joale.The taper angle ama tšobotsi ea hona joale le taolo ea turc le bolelele bo itseng. ke ea bohlokoa hobane bolelele bo tsejoang ba tungsten bo ka sebelisoa ho beha lekhalo la arc.Lekhalo la arc bakeng sa boleng bo itseng ba hona joale bo lekanyetsa matla a motlakase mme kahoo matla a sebelisoang ho cheselletsa.
The eleketrode boholo le ntlha bophara ba eona ba ntlha a khetha ho ea ka tjheseletsa hona joale intensity.Haeba hona joale e phahameng haholo bakeng sa eleketrode kapa ntlha ea eona, e ka lahleheloa ke tšepe ho tloha ntlheng, 'me ho sebelisa li-electrode tse nang le bophara ba ntlha e kholo haholo bakeng sa hona joale ho ka baka arc drift. Bakeng sa ho pheta-pheta ha ts'ebetso ea welding, mofuta oa tungsten le qetello, bolelele, taper angle, bophara, bophara ba ntlha le lekhalo la arc li tlameha ho hlalosoa le ho laoloa. e se nang mahlaseli.
Bakeng sa tlhahisoleseding e eketsehileng, ka kopo ikopanye le Barbara Henon, Mookameli oa Liphatlalatso tsa Theknoloji, Arc Machines, Inc., 10280 Glenoaks Blvd., Pacoima, CA 91331.Phone: 818-896-9556.Fax: 818-890-3724.