Isazi sokugoba uSteve Benson uxhumana nama-imeyili abafundi ukuze aphendule imibuzo mayelana nokubala kokugoba nokugoba. I-Getty Images
Ngithola ama-imeyili amaningi njalo ngenyanga futhi ngifisa sengathi ngabe nginesikhathi sokuwaphendula wonke. Kodwa-ke, asikho isikhathi esanele ngosuku sokwenza konke. Kukholomu yale nyanga, ngihlanganise ama-imeyili ambalwa engiqiniseka ukuthi abafundi bami abavamile bazowathola ewusizo. Okwamanje, ake siqale ukukhuluma ngezinkinga ezihlobene nokwakheka.
U: Ngifuna ukuqala ngokuthi ubhala isihloko esihle kakhulu. Ngithole ukuthi ziwusizo kakhulu. Bengilokhu ngibhekene nenkinga kusofthiwe yethu ye-CAD futhi kubonakala sengathi angikwazi ukuthola ikhambi. Ngidala ubude obungenalutho bomphetho, kodwa isofthiwe ibonakala idinga isibonelelo esengeziwe sokugoba. Umqhubi wethu wamabhuleki ungitshele ukuthi ngingashiyi isibonelelo sokugoba somphetho, ngakho ngisethe isofthiwe ye-CAD ibe yisilinganiso esivumelekile (0.008″) – kodwa ngisaphelelwe yisitokwe.
Isibonelo, nginensimbi engagqwali engu-16-ga.304, ubukhulu bangaphandle bungu-2″ no-1.5″, 0.75″. Umphetho ngaphandle. Abaqhubi bethu bamabhuleki banqume ukuthi isabelo sokugoba singama-intshi angu-0.117. Uma sengeza ubukhulu nomphetho, bese sisusa isabelo sokugoba (2 + 1.5 + 0.75 – 0.117), sithola ubude besitoko obungu-4.132 amayintshi. Kodwa-ke, izibalo zami zinginike ubude obufushane obungenalutho (ama-intshi angu-4.018). Ngakho konke lokho, singabala kanjani isikhala esingenalutho esiyisicaba somphetho?
A: Okokuqala, ake sicacise amagama ambalwa. Ukhulume nge-bend allowance (BA) kodwa awukhulumanga nge-bend deduction (BD), ngiphawulile ukuthi awuzange ufake i-BD kuma-bend aphakathi kuka-2.0″ no-1.5″.aspect.
I-BA ne-BD zihlukile futhi azikwazi ukushintshaniswa, kodwa uma uzisebenzisa kahle, zombili zikuyisa endaweni efanayo. I-BA ibanga elizungeze i-radius elilinganiswa ku-axis engathathi hlangothi. Bese ufaka leyo nombolo ezilinganisweni zakho zangaphandle ukuze ikunike ubude obungenalutho obuyisicaba. I-BD isuswa ezilinganisweni eziphelele zento yokusebenza, ukugoba okukodwa ngokugoba ngakunye.
Isithombe 1 sibonisa umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Vele uqiniseke ukuthi usebenzisa okulungile. Qaphela ukuthi amanani e-BA kanye ne-BD angahluka kusukela ekugobeni kuya ekugobeni, kuye ngokuthi i-engeli yokugoba kanye ne-radius yokugcina yangaphakathi.
Ukuze ubone inkinga yakho, usebenzisa insimbi engagqwali engu-0.060″ ubukhulu obungu-304 enogobe olulodwa kanye nobukhulu bangaphandle obungu-2.0 no-1.5″, kanye no-0.75″. Ugobe onqenqemeni. Futhi, awuzange ufake ulwazi mayelana ne-engeli yokugoba kanye ne-engeli yokugoba yangaphakathi, kodwa ukuze kube lula ngibale umoya ngicabanga ukuthi wenze i-engeli yokugoba engama-degree angu-90 kuma-intshi angu-0.472. Lokhu kukunikeza i-engeli yokugoba entantayo engu-0.099 intshi, ebalwe kusetshenziswa umthetho ka-20%. (Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngomthetho ka-20%, ungabheka "Indlela Yokubikezela Ngokunembile I-Inner Bend Radius Yokwakheka Komoya" ngokuthayipha isihloko ebhokisini lokusesha le-thefabricator.com.)
Uma ingu-0.062 amayintshi. I-punch radius igoba izinto ngaphezu kwama-intshi angu-0.472. Uma uvula i-die, ufinyelela ama-intshi angu-0.099. Uma untanta ngaphakathi kwe-bend radius, i-BA yakho kufanele ibe ngama-intshi angu-0.141, i-backback yangaphandle kufanele ibe ngama-intshi angu-0.125, kanti i-bend deduction (BD) kufanele ibe ngama-intshi angu-0.107. Ungasebenzisa le BD kuma-bend aphakathi kwama-intshi angu-1.5 no-2.0. (Ungathola amafomula e-BA ne-BD kukholomu yami yangaphambilini, kufaka phakathi "Izisekelo Zokusebenzisa Imisebenzi Yokugoba.")
Okulandelayo, udinga ukubala ukuthi yini okufanele uyikhiphe nge-hem. Ngaphansi kwezimo eziphelele, i-deduction factor yama-hem ayisicaba noma avaliwe (izinto ezingaphansi kwama-intshi angu-0.080 ubukhulu) ingu-43% wobukhulu bezinto. Kulokhu, inani kufanele libe ngama-intshi angu-0.0258. Usebenzisa lolu lwazi, kufanele ukwazi ukwenza ukubala okungenalutho:
Amasentimitha angu-0.017. Umehluko phakathi kwenani lakho elingenalutho eliyisicaba elingamasentimitha angu-4.132 kanye nelami elingamasentimitha angu-4.1145 ungachazwa kalula ukuthi i-hemming incike kakhulu ku-opharetha. Ngiqonde ukuthini? Nokho, uma u-opharetha eshaya ingxenye eyisicaba yenqubo yokugoba kakhulu, uzothola i-flange ende. Uma u-opharetha engashayi i-flange kakhulu ngokwanele, i-flange izofinyela ekugcineni.
U: Sine-application yokugoba lapho sakha khona amashidi ensimbi ahlukahlukene, kusukela ku-20-ga. Ayinasici kuya ku-10-ga. Izinto ezimbozwe ngaphambilini. Sine-press brake enokulungiswa kwamathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo, i-V-die elungisekayo phansi kanye ne-self-positioning segmented punch phezulu. Ngeshwa, senze iphutha futhi sa-oda i-punch ene-tip radius engu-0.063″.
Sisebenza ekwenzeni ubude be-flange yethu bulingane engxenyeni yokuqala. Kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi isofthiwe yethu ye-CAD yayisebenzisa ukubala okungalungile, kodwa inkampani yethu yesofthiwe yabona inkinga yathi siphilile. Ingabe kuzoba yisofthiwe yomshini wokugoba? Noma ingabe sicabanga ngokweqile? Ingabe kungukulungiswa kwe-BA okuvamile noma singathola yini i-punch entsha ngosizo lwe-stock engu-0.032″. Ububanzi? Noma yiluphi ulwazi noma iseluleko singaziswa kakhulu.
A: Ngizokhuluma ngokuphawula kwakho mayelana nokuthenga i-punch radius engalungile kuqala. Uma ubheka uhlobo lomshini onawo, ngicabanga ukuthi uyakha umoya. Lokhu kungenza ngibuze imibuzo eminingana. Okokuqala, uma uthumela umsebenzi esitolo, uyamtshela yini umqhubi ukuthi umklamo wokuvula wengxenye wakheke kusiphi isikhunta? Kwenza umehluko omkhulu.
Uma wenza ingxenye yomoya, i-radius yokugcina yangaphakathi yakhiwa njengephesenti lokuvulwa kwesikhunta. Lona umthetho wama-20% (bheka umbuzo wokuqala ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe). Ukuvulwa kwe-die kuthinta i-radius egobile, ethinta i-BA ne-BD. Ngakho-ke uma ukubala kwakho kufaka phakathi i-radius ehlukile efinyelelekayo yokuvulwa kwe-die kunaleyo opharetha ayisebenzisayo emshinini, unenkinga.
Ake sithi umshini usebenzisa ububanzi obuhlukile bokufa kunobekuhleliwe. Kulesi simo, umshini uzofinyelela i-inner bend radius ehlukile kunobekuhleliwe, ushintshe i-BA ne-BD, futhi ekugcineni ubukhulu bengxenye bubekiwe.
Lokhu kungiletha ekuphawuleni kwakho mayelana ne-punch radius engalungile.0.063″ ngaphandle kokuthi uzama ukuthola i-inner bend radius ehlukile noma encane. I-interior radius kufanele isebenze kahle, yingakho.
Linganisa i-inner bend radius etholiwe bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ifana ne-inner bend radius ebaliwe. Ingabe i-punch radius yakho ayilungile ngempela? Kuya ngokuthi ufuna ukufeza ini. I-punch radius kufanele ilingane noma ingaphansi kwe-floating inner bend radius. Uma i-punch radius inkulu kune-floating bend radius yemvelo ekuvulekeni kwedayi ethile, ingxenye izothatha i-punch radius. Lokhu kuzophinde kushintshe i-inner bend radius kanye namanani owabalile e-BA kanye ne-BD.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awufuni ukusebenzisa i-punch radius encane kakhulu, engalola ukugoba futhi ibangele ezinye izinkinga eziningi. (Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngalokhu, bheka "Indlela Yokugwema Ukujika Okubukhali.")
Ngaphandle kwalezi zimo ezimbili ezibucayi, ukubhoboza emoyeni akulutho ngaphandle kweyunithi yokusunduza futhi akuthinti i-BD ne-BA. Futhi, irediyasi yokugoba ivezwa njengephesenti lokuvulwa kwedayi, kubalwa kusetshenziswa umthetho we-20%. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa imigomo namanani e-BA ne-BD ngendlela efanele, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umbuzo: Ngizama ukubala amandla aphezulu aseceleni ethuluzi lokugoba elenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi opharetha bethu baphephile ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoba. Ingabe unawo amathiphu okungisiza ngithole lokhu?
Impendulo: Amandla aseceleni noma ukusunduza okuseceleni kunzima ukukukala nokubala ukuthi kuzokwenza kanjani i-hem ibe yi-press brake futhi ezimweni eziningi akudingeki. Ingozi yangempela ukulayisha ngokweqile i-press brake nokubhubhisa isibhakela kanye nombhede womshini. I-Ram kanye nombhede kuphendukezelwe okwenza ukuthi ngamunye agobe unomphela.
Umfanekiso 2. Amapuleti okuphotha esethi yama-flatting dies aqinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi aphezulu naphansi awahambi ngezindlela eziphambene.
Ibhuleki lokucindezela livame ukuphambuka ngaphansi komthwalo bese libuyela endaweni yalo yokuqala eyisicaba lapho umthwalo ususwa. Kodwa ukweqa umkhawulo womthwalo wamabhuleki kungagoba izingxenye zomshini kuze kube yilapho zingasabuyeli endaweni eyisicaba. Lokhu kungalimaza unomphela ibhuleki lokucindezela. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ucabangela imisebenzi yakho yokucindezela ekubalweni kwe-tonnage. (Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngalokhu, ungabheka "Izinsika ezine ze-tonnage yebhuleki lokucindezela.")
Uma i-flange ezokwenziwa ibe yinde ngokwanele ukuba ibe yi-flat, i-side thrust kufanele ibe yincane. Kodwa-ke, uma uthola ukuthi i-side thrust ibonakala ingaphezu kwamandla futhi ufuna ukunciphisa ukunyakaza nokujika kwe-mod, ungangeza ama-thrust plate ku-mod. I-thrust plate ayilutho ngaphandle kwensimbi ejiyile engezwe kuthuluzi elingezansi, enwebeka ngaphezu kwethuluzi elingaphezulu. I-thrust plate inciphisa imiphumela ye-side thrust futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi aphezulu naphansi awahambi ngezindlela eziphambene (bheka uMfanekiso 2).
Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni kwale kholamu, kunemibuzo eminingi kakhulu futhi isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuyiphendula yonke. Ngiyabonga ngesineke sakho uma usanda kungithumelela imibuzo.
Noma kunjalo, vumela imibuzo iqhubeke ivele. Ngizoyiphendula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ngithemba ukuthi izimpendulo lapha zizosiza labo ababuze lo mbuzo kanye nabanye ababhekene nezinkinga ezifanayo.
Thola izimfihlo zokusebenzisa ibhuleki lokucindezela kulo msebenzi wokufundisa wezinsuku ezimbili onzima kusukela ngo-Agasti 8-9 nomfundisi uSteve Benson ukukufundisa izisekelo zethiyori kanye nezibalo ngemuva komshini wakho. Uzofunda izimiso ezingemuva kokugoba kwensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu ngemiyalelo esebenzisanayo kanye nezinkinga zomsebenzi wesampula kulo lonke ikhosi. Ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezilula ukuziqonda, uzofunda amakhono adingekayo ukuze ubale ukugoba okunembile, ukhethe ithuluzi elingcono kakhulu lomsebenzi, futhi unqume ukuvulwa kwe-V-die okufanele ukuze ugweme ukuphambuka kwezingxenye. Vakashela ikhasi lomcimbi ukuze ufunde kabanzi.
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