Ishasi yonke yemoto ye-Divergent3D iphrintiwe nge-3D. Yaqala ukubonakala emphakathini e-SLM Solutions booth e-Formnext 2018 eFrankfurt, eJalimane, kusukela mhla ziyi-13 kuya kumhla ziyi-16 kuNovemba.
Uma unolwazi olusebenzayo lokukhiqiza okungeziwe (i-AM), cishe ujwayelene nama-nozzles okunyathelisa e-3D epulatifomu yenjini ye-GE ye-Leap jet. Iphephandaba lebhizinisi belilokhu libika ngale ndaba kusukela ngo-2012, njengoba empeleni kwakuyicala lokuqala elimenyezelwe kahle le-AM elisebenza endaweni yokukhiqiza yangempela.
Ama-nozzle kaphethiloli anengxenye eyodwa athatha indawo yalokho okwakuyi-assembly enezingxenye ezingu-20. Kwakudingeka futhi ibe nomklamo oqinile ngoba yayivezwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu afinyelela kuma-degree Fahrenheit angu-2,400 ngaphakathi kwenjini yejethi. Ingxenye yathola isitifiketi sokundiza ngo-2016.
Namuhla, i-GE Aviation kubikwa ukuthi inezibopho ezingaphezu kuka-16,000 ngezinjini zayo ze-Leap. Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu, inkampani ibike ukuthi iphrinte i-nozzle yayo kaphethiloli ephrintiwe nge-3D engama-30,000 ekwindla ka-2018. I-GE Aviation ikhiqiza lezi zingxenye e-Auburn, e-Alabama, lapho isebenzisa khona amaphrinta ensimbi e-3D angaphezu kwama-40 okukhiqiza izingxenye. I-GE Aviation ibika ukuthi injini ngayinye ye-Leap inama-nozzle kaphethiloli ayi-19 aphrintiwe nge-3D.
Izikhulu ze-GE kungenzeka ukuthi sezikhathele ukukhuluma ngama-nozzle kaphethiloli, kodwa kwavula indlela yempumelelo yenkampani ye-AM. Eqinisweni, yonke imihlangano emisha yokuklama injini empeleni iqala ngengxoxo yokuthi ungayifaka kanjani i-additive manufacturing emizamweni yokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo. Isibonelo, injini entsha ye-GE 9X ethola isitifiketi njengamanje inama-nozzle kaphethiloli angu-28 kanye ne-3D printed combustion mixer. Kwesinye isibonelo, i-GE Aviation iklama kabusha injini ye-turboprop, ebilokhu iklanywa cishe iminyaka engama-50, futhi izoba nezingxenye ezingu-12 eziphrintiwe nge-3D ezisiza ukunciphisa isisindo senjini ngamaphesenti ama-5.
“Esibe sikwenza eminyakeni embalwa edlule ukufunda ukwenza izingxenye ezinkulu kakhulu ezenziwe ngezithako ezengeziwe,” kusho u-Eric Gatlin, inhloko yethimba lokukhiqiza izithako ezengeziwe kwa-GE Aviation, ekhuluma nesixuku esasibuthene endaweni yokubeka inkampani eFormnext 2018 eFrankfurt, eJalimane, ekuqaleni kukaNovemba.
UGatlin waqhubeka nokubiza ukwamukelwa kwe-AM ngokuthi “ushintsho oluyisisekelo” lwe-GE Aviation. Kodwa-ke, inkampani yakhe ayiyedwa. Ababukisi e-Formnext baphawule ukuthi kwakunabakhiqizi abaningi (ama-OEM nama-Tier 1) embukisweni walo nyaka kunanini ngaphambili. (Izikhulu zemibukiso yezohwebo zibike ukuthi abantu abangu-26,919 babekhona emcimbini, ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-25 kusukela ku-Formnext ka-2017.) Ngenkathi abakhiqizi bezindiza behole umkhankaso wokwenza ukukhiqizwa okungeziwe kube ngokoqobo ezitolo, izinkampani zezimoto nezokuthutha. Ubuchwepheshe bubhekwa ngendlela entsha. Indlela engathi sína kakhulu.
Engqungqutheleni yabezindaba yeFormnext, iPhini likaMongameli Omkhulu we-Ultimaker uPaul Heiden wabelane ngemininingwane yokuthi iFord isebenzise kanjani amaphrinta e-3D enkampani esitshalweni sayo saseCologne, eJalimane, ukudala amathuluzi okukhiqiza eFord Focus. Uthe inkampani yonge cishe ama-euro ayi-1,000 ngethuluzi lokuphrinta ngalinye uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthenga ithuluzi elifanayo kumhlinzeki wangaphandle.
Uma onjiniyela bokukhiqiza bebhekene nesidingo samathuluzi, bangalayisha umklamo kusofthiwe yokumodela ye-3D CAD, bawupholishe umklamo, bawuthumele kuphrinta, bese bewunyathelisa kungakapheli amahora amaningi. Intuthuko kusofthiwe, njengokufaka izinhlobo eziningi zezinto, isize ekwenzeni amathuluzi okuklama abe lula, ngakho ngisho “nabangaqeqeshwanga” bangasebenza ngesofthiwe, kusho uHeiden.
Njengoba iFord ikwazile ukukhombisa ukusebenza kahle kwamathuluzi nezinto eziphrintiwe nge-3D, uHeiden uthe isinyathelo esilandelayo senkampani ukubhekana nenkinga yempahla yezingxenye ezisele. Esikhundleni sokugcina amakhulu ezingxenye, amaphrinta e-3D azosetshenziswa ukuziphrinta njengoba zi-odwa. Kusukela lapho, iFord kulindeleke ukuthi ibone ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bungaba nomthelela onjani ekukhiqizeni izingxenye.
Ezinye izinkampani zezimoto sezivele zisebenzisa amathuluzi okunyathelisa e-3D ngezindlela zobuciko. I-Ultimaker inikeza izibonelo zamathuluzi asetshenziswa yiVolkswagen esitshalweni sayo ePalmela, ePortugal:
Ikhiqizwe kuphrinta ye-Ultimaker 3D, ithuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukuqondisa ukubekwa kwebholithi ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwamasondo esitshalweni sokuhlanganisa iVolkswagen ePortugal.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuchaza kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, abanye bacabanga okukhulu kakhulu. UKevin Czinger weDivergent3D ungomunye wabo.
UCzinger ufuna ukucabanga kabusha ngendlela izimoto ezakhiwe ngayo. Ufuna ukudala indlela entsha esebenzisa imodeli yekhompyutha ethuthukisiwe kanye ne-AM ukudala i-chassis elula kunezinhlaka zendabuko, equkethe izingxenye ezimbalwa, enikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu, futhi engabizi kakhulu ukuyikhiqiza. I-Divergent3D ibonise i-chassis yayo ephrintiwe nge-3D e-SLM Solutions Group AG booth e-Formnext.
Ishasi eliphrintiwe emshinini we-SLM 500 liqukethe ama-node azilungisa ngokwawo ahlangana ndawonye ngemva kokuphrinta. Izikhulu ze-Divergent3D zithi le ndlela yokuklama nokuhlanganisa ishasi ingonga amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-250 ekuqedeni izindleko zamathuluzi nokunciphisa izingxenye ngamaphesenti angama-75.
Le nkampani inethemba lokudayisa lolu hlobo lweyunithi yokukhiqiza kubakhiqizi bezimoto esikhathini esizayo. I-Divergent3D kanye ne-SLM bakhe ubudlelwano obuseduze bokuhlela ukuze bafeze lo mgomo.
I-Senior Flexonics akuyona inkampani eyaziwa kakhulu ngumphakathi, kodwa ingumhlinzeki omkhulu wezingxenye zezinkampani embonini yezimoto, udizili, yezokwelapha, kawoyela negesi, kanye neyokukhiqiza ugesi. Abamele inkampani bahlangane ne-GKN Powder Metallurgy ngonyaka odlule ukuze baxoxe ngamathuba okunyathelisa nge-3D, futhi laba bobabili babelane ngezindaba zabo zempumelelo ku-Formnext 2018.
Izingxenye eziklanywe kabusha ukuze zisebenzise i-AM yizivali zokungenisa nezokukhipha ama-cooler okuvuselela igesi yokukhipha ezisetshenziswa emalorini ezentengiselwano, kokubili emgwaqweni omkhulu nangaphandle komgwaqo omkhulu. Ama-Flexonics athuthukile anesifiso sokubona ukuthi ngabe zikhona yini izindlela ezisebenza kahle zokudala ama-prototype angamelana nokuhlolwa kwangempela kanye nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Njengoba enolwazi oluningi lweminyaka lokukhiqiza izingxenye zezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto nezezimboni, i-GKN inokuqonda okujulile ngokusebenza kwezingxenye zensimbi.
Lokhu kokugcina kubalulekile ngoba onjiniyela abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izingxenye zezinhlelo ezithile zezimoto zezimboni zidinga ubuningi obungu-99%. Eziningi zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, akunjalo, ngokusho kwe-CEO ye-EOS u-Adrian Keppler, okufakazela umhlinzeki wezobuchwepheshe bomshini kanye nomlingani.
Ngemva kokuthuthukisa nokuhlola izingxenye ezenziwe ngezinto ze-EOS StainlessSteel 316L VPro, i-Senior Flexonics ithole ukuthi izingxenye ezenziwe ngokwengeziwe zihlangabezana nemigomo yazo yokusebenza futhi zingakhiqizwa ngokushesha kunezingxenye ezibunjiwe. Isibonelo, i-portal inganyatheliswa nge-3D ngesikhathi esingu-70% uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokukhipha. Engqungqutheleni yabezindaba, bonke abathintekayo kule phrojekthi bavumile ukuthi lokhu kunamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza uchungechunge lwesikhathi esizayo.
“Kufanele ucabange kabusha ukuthi izingxenye zenziwa kanjani,” kusho uKepler. “Kufanele ubheke ukukhiqiza ngendlela ehlukile. Lokhu akuzona izinto zokuthunga noma zokuthunga.”
Kwabaningi embonini ye-AM, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona ubuchwepheshe buqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Emehlweni abaningi, lokhu kungamelela ukwamukelwa okuphelele.
I-AM Technology isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza la ma-valve okungena nawokuphuma kwama-cooler okuvuselela igesi yokukhipha umoya ukuze kusetshenziswe amaloli ezentengiselwano. Umenzi walezi zingxenye zeprototype, i-Senior Flexonics, uphenya ngezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-3D ngaphakathi kwenkampani yakhe.
Becabanga ngalokhu, izinto zokwakha, isofthiwe, kanye nabathuthukisi bemishini basebenza kanzima ukuletha imikhiqizo evumela lokhu. Abakhiqizi bezinto zokwakha bafuna ukudala izimpushana kanye nepulasitiki ezingahlangabezana nokulindelwe kokusebenza ngendlela ephindaphindwayo. Abathuthukisi besofthiwe bazama ukwandisa izizindalwazi zabo zezinto zokwakha ukuze benze ukulingisa kube ngokoqobo kakhudlwana. Abakhi bemishini baklama amaseli asebenza ngokushesha futhi anezinga elikhulu lokukhiqiza ukuze afake izingxenye eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umsebenzi usazokwenziwa, kodwa kunenjabulo enkulu ngekusasa lokukhiqiza okungeziwe ekukhiqizeni kwangempela.
“Bengilokhu ngikule mboni iminyaka engama-20, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi, bengilokhu ngizwa, ‘Sesizofaka lobu buchwepheshe endaweni yokukhiqiza.’ Ngakho salinda salinda,” kusho uMqondisi we-UL's Additive Manufacturing Competency Center. kusho uPaul Bates, uMphathi kanye noMongameli we-Additive Manufacturing User Group.” Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ekugcineni sesifikile eqophelweni lapho konke kuhlangana khona futhi kuyenzeka.”
UDan Davis ungumhleli oyinhloko we-The FABRICATOR, umagazini omkhulu kakhulu wokukhiqiza nokwakha izinsimbi embonini, kanye nezincwadi ezingodadewabo, i-STAMPING Journal, i-Tube & Pipe Journal kanye ne-The Welder. Ubelokhu esebenza kulezi zincwadi kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2002.
Umbiko Wokwengeza ugxile ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okwengeziwe ekukhiqizeni kwangempela. Abakhiqizi namuhla basebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-3D ukwenza amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha, kanti abanye basebenzisa ngisho ne-AM emsebenzini wokukhiqiza obiza kakhulu. Izindaba zabo zizokwethulwa lapha.