Itshasi yonke yemoto yeDivergent3D iprintwe nge-3D. Ivele esidlangalaleni kwi-SLM Solutions booth eFormnext 2018 eFrankfurt, eJamani, ukususela nge-13 ukuya kwi-16 kaNovemba.
Ukuba unolwazi olusebenzayo malunga nokuveliswa kwezinto ezongezelelweyo (i-AM), mhlawumbi uqhelene neempumlo zokuprinta ze-3D zeqonga le-GE le-Leap jet engine. Iphephandaba lezoshishino beligubungela eli bali ukusukela ngo-2012, njengoko ngokwenene yayilityala lokuqala elipapashwe kakuhle le-AM kwimveliso yokwenyani.
Ii-nozzles zepetroli ezinenxalenye enye zithatha indawo yento eyayisakuba yindibano enamacandelo angama-20. Kwakufuneka ibe noyilo oluqinileyo kuba yayichaphazeleka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu afikelela kwi-2,400 degrees Fahrenheit ngaphakathi kwenjini yejethi. Le nxalenye yafumana isiqinisekiso sokubhabha ngo-2016.
Namhlanje, i-GE Aviation kuthiwa inezibophelelo ezingaphezu kwe-16,000 zeenjini zayo zeLeap. Ngenxa yemfuno enkulu, inkampani ibike ukuba ishicilele i-30,000th 3D printed fuel nozzle yayo ekwindla ka-2018. I-GE Aviation yenza ezi nxalenye e-Auburn, e-Alabama, apho isebenzisa khona iiprinta ze-3D zesinyithi ezingaphezu kwama-40 zokwenza iinxalenye. I-GE Aviation ibika ukuba injini nganye yeLeap ine-19 3D-printed fuel nozzle.
Amagosa e-GE asenokuba adiniwe kukuthetha ngee-nozzles zepetroli, kodwa oko kwavula indlela yempumelelo yenkampani ye-AM. Enyanisweni, zonke iintlanganiso ezintsha zoyilo lweenjini ziqala ngengxoxo malunga nendlela yokufaka imveliso eyongezelelweyo kwimizamo yophuhliso lwemveliso. Umzekelo, injini entsha ye-GE 9X okwangoku efumana isiqinisekiso inee-nozzles zepetroli ezingama-28 kunye nomxube wokutsha oprintiweyo we-3D. Komnye umzekelo, i-GE Aviation iyila ngokutsha injini ye-turboprop, ebisoloko iyilwe phantse kangangeminyaka engama-50, kwaye iya kuba neendawo ezili-12 eziprintiweyo ze-3D ezinceda ukunciphisa ubunzima benjini nge-5 ekhulwini.
“Esibe sikwenza kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kukufunda ukwenza izinto ezinkulu kakhulu ezenziwe ngezinto ezongeziweyo,” utshilo u-Eric Gatlin, intloko yeqela lemveliso yezongezo kwi-GE Aviation, ethetha nesihlwele esasihlanganisene kwindawo yenkampani eFormnext 2018 eFrankfurt, eJamani, ekuqaleni kukaNovemba.
UGatlin waqhubeka wathi ukwamkelwa kwe-AM “lutshintsho oluphambili” lwe-GE Aviation. Nangona kunjalo, inkampani yakhe ayiyodwa. Ababonisi kwiFormnext baqaphele ukuba bekukho abavelisi abaninzi (ii-OEM kunye neeTier 1s) kumboniso walo nyaka kunangaphambili. (Amagosa omboniso wezorhwebo axele ukuba abantu abangama-26,919 bebezimase lo msitho, ukwanda ngama-25 ekhulwini ukusuka kwiFormnext ka-2017.) Ngelixa abavelisi beenqwelo moya bekhokele umzamo wokwenza ukwenziwa kwezinto ezongezelelweyo kube yinyani evenkileni, kwiinkampani zeemoto kunye nezothutho. Ubuchwepheshe bujongwa ngendlela entsha. Indlela enzulu ngakumbi.
Kwinkomfa yabezindaba yeFormnext, uSekela Mongameli oyiNtloko we-Ultimaker uPaul Heiden wabelane ngeenkcukacha zendlela iFord esebenzise ngayo iiprinta ze-3D zenkampani kwisityalo sayo saseCologne, eJamani, ukwenza izixhobo zemveliso yeFord Focus. Uthe inkampani yonge malunga ne-1,000 yee-euro ngesixhobo ngasinye sokuprinta xa kuthelekiswa nokuthenga isixhobo esifanayo kumthengisi wangaphandle.
Ukuba iinjineli zemveliso zijongene nesidingo sezixhobo, zinokufaka uyilo kwisoftware yokumodela ye-3D CAD, zilupholishe uyilo, ziluthumele kwiprinta, kwaye luprintwe kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Inkqubela phambili kwisoftware, njengokufaka iintlobo ezininzi zezinto, incede ekwenzeni izixhobo zoyilo zibe lula, ngoko ke "nabo bangaqeqeshwanga" banokusebenza ngesoftware, utshilo uHeiden.
Njengoko iFord ikwazile ukubonisa ukuba izixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziprintiweyo nge-3D ziluncedo, uHeiden uthe inyathelo elilandelayo lenkampani kukujongana nengxaki yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Endaweni yokugcina amakhulu eendawo, iiprinta ze-3D ziya kusetyenziswa ukuziprinta njengoko ziodolwa. Ukusuka apho, kulindeleke ukuba iFord ibone ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwempembelelo olunokuba nayo ubuchwepheshe ekuveliseni iindawo.
Ezinye iinkampani zeemoto sele zisebenzisa izixhobo zokuprinta ze-3D ngeendlela ezinobuchule. I-Ultimaker inikezela ngemizekelo yezixhobo ezisetyenziswa yiVolkswagen kumzi-mveliso wayo ePalmela, ePortugal:
Esi sixhobo senziwe kwiprinta ye-Ultimaker 3D, sisetyenziselwa ukukhokela ukubekwa kwebholithi ngexesha lokubekwa kwamavili kwisityalo sokudibanisa iVolkswagen ePortugal.
Xa kufikwa ekuchazeni ngokutsha imveliso yeemoto, abanye bacinga kakhulu. UKevin Czinger weDivergent3D ngomnye wabo.
UCzinger ufuna ukucinga ngokutsha ngendlela ezakhiwa ngayo iimoto. Ufuna ukudala indlela entsha esebenzisa imodeli yekhompyutha ephucukileyo kunye ne-AM ukwenza itshasi elula kunezakhelo zemveli, equlathe iindawo ezimbalwa, ebonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu, kwaye engabizi kakhulu ukuyenza. I-Divergent3D ibonise itshasi yayo eprintiweyo ye-3D kwi-SLM Solutions Group AG booth eFormnext.
Itshasi eprintiweyo kumatshini we-SLM 500 inee-nodes ezizilungisayo ezihambelana emva kokuprinta. Amagosa e-Divergent3D athi le ndlela yoyilo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwetshasi ingongeza i-$250 yezigidi ekupheliseni iindleko zezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa iindawo ngama-75 ekhulwini.
Le nkampani inethemba lokuthengisa olu hlobo lweyunithi yokuvelisa kubenzi beemoto kwixesha elizayo. I-Divergent3D kunye ne-SLM zenze ubudlelwane obusondeleyo bobuchule ukuze kufezekiswe le njongo.
I-Senior Flexonics ayisiyonkampani eyaziwayo luluntu, kodwa ngumthengisi omkhulu wezinto kwiinkampani ezikwimizi-mveliso yeemoto, idizili, ezonyango, ioyile negesi, kunye nokuvelisa umbane. Abameli benkampani badibene ne-GKN Powder Metallurgy kunyaka ophelileyo ukuze baxoxe ngamathuba okuprinta nge-3D, kwaye bobabini babelane ngamabali abo empumelelo kwiFormnext 2018.
Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ukuze zisebenzise i-AM ziivalvu zokungenisa kunye nezokukhupha umoya zee-cooler ze-exhaust gas recirculation for corporation gas applications, zombini ezikwi-highway nangaphandle kwayo. Ii-Advanced Flexonics zinomdla wokubona ukuba kukho iindlela ezisebenzayo zokwenza iiprototypes ezinokumelana novavanyo lokwenyani kunye nemveliso eninzi. Njengoko zineminyaka yolwazi lokuvelisa iindawo zezithuthi kunye nezoshishino, i-GKN inokuqonda okunzulu malunga nokusebenza kweendawo zesinyithi.
Oku kokugqibela kubalulekile kuba iinjineli ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba iindawo ezithile zezicelo zezithuthi zoshishino zifuna uxinano lwe-99%. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, akunjalo, ngokutsho kwe-CEO ye-EOS u-Adrian Keppler, nto leyo engqinwa ngumboneleli wetekhnoloji yoomatshini kunye neqabane.
Emva kokuphuhlisa nokuvavanya iindawo ezenziwe ngezinto ze-EOS StainlessSteel 316L VPro, i-Senior Flexonics ifumanise ukuba iindawo ezenziwe ngokongezayo zifezekisa iinjongo zazo zokusebenza kwaye zinokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kuneendawo ezibunjiweyo. Umzekelo, i-portal inokuprintwa nge-3D kwi-70% yexesha xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokusika. Kwinkomfa yabezindaba, onke amaqela abandakanyekayo kule projekthi avumile ukuba oku kunamandla amakhulu okuvelisa uthotho lwexesha elizayo.
“Kufuneka ucinge ngokutsha ngendlela ezenziwa ngayo iindawo,” utshilo uKepler. “Kufuneka ujonge indlela yokuvelisa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ezi azizozinto zokuthunga okanye zokuthunga.”
Kwabaninzi kwishishini le-AM, into ebalulekileyo kukubona ubuchwepheshe busetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokwenza izinto ezininzi. Emehlweni abantu abaninzi, oku kuya kubonisa ukwamkelwa ngokupheleleyo.
I-AM Technology isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezi valve zokungena kunye nezokuphuma kwii-coolers ze-exhaust gas recirculation coolers kwiilori zorhwebo. Umenzi wezi nxalenye zeprototype, i-Senior Flexonics, uphanda ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa ushicilelo lwe-3D ngaphakathi kwenkampani yakhe.
Ngenxa yoku engqondweni, izinto, isoftware, kunye nabaphuhlisi boomatshini basebenza nzima ukubonelela ngeemveliso ezivumela oku. Abavelisi bezinto bajonge ukwenza iipowders kunye neeplastiki ezinokuhlangabezana nolindelo lokusebenza ngendlela ephindaphindwayo. Abaphuhlisi besoftware bazama ukwandisa iidathabheyisi zabo zezinto ukuze benze ukulinganisa kube yinyani ngakumbi. Abakhi boomatshini bayila iiseli ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinemigangatho emikhulu yemveliso ukuze zilungiselele iindawo ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Umsebenzi usafuneka wenziwe, kodwa kukho uchulumanco olukhulu malunga nekamva lokwenziwa kwezinto ezongezelelweyo kwimveliso yokwenyani.
“Ndineminyaka engama-20 ndikweli shishini, kwaye ngelo xesha, bendisoloko ndisiva, ‘Siza kufumana obu buchwepheshe kwindawo yemveliso.’ Ngoko ke salinda salinda,” utshilo uMlawuli weZiko loBuchule bokuFakela iMveliso ye-UL, utshilo uPaul Bates, uMphathi kunye noMongameli weQela labasebenzisi boFakelo lweMveliso ye-Additive.” Kodwa ndicinga ukuba ekugqibeleni sifikelela kwinqanaba apho yonke into ihlangana khona kwaye iyenzeka.”
UDan Davis ngumhleli oyintloko we-The FABRICATOR, imagazini enkulu yokwenziwa nokwakhiwa kwesinyithi esasazwayo kushishino, kunye neempapasho ezingoogxa bayo, i-STAMPING Journal, i-Tube & Pipe Journal kunye ne-The Welder. Usebenze kwezi ncwadi ukusukela ngo-Epreli 2002.
Ingxelo yoNcedo igxile ekusetyenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto ezongezelelweyo kwimveliso yokwenyani. Abavelisi namhlanje basebenzisa ushicilelo lwe-3D ukwenza izixhobo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo, kwaye abanye basebenzisa ne-AM kwimisebenzi yokuvelisa ephezulu. Amabali abo aza kuboniswa apha.