An buga dukkan chassis ɗin motar Divergent3D ta hanyar amfani da fasahar 3D. An fara buga ta ne a bainar jama'a a rumfar SLM Solutions da ke Formnext 2018 a Frankfurt, Jamus, daga 13 zuwa 16 ga Nuwamba.
Idan kana da wani ilimin aiki game da kera ƙarin na'urori (AM), wataƙila ka saba da bututun buga 3D don dandamalin injin Leap jet na GE. Kamfanin dillancin labarai na kasuwanci ya daɗe yana ba da labarin wannan labarin tun 2012, domin shi ne shari'ar farko da aka yi ta yadawa game da AM a aikace a cikin yanayin samarwa na gaske.
Bututun mai guda ɗaya sun maye gurbin abin da aka yi amfani da shi a da, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa 20. Haka kuma dole ne ya kasance yana da ƙira mai ƙarfi saboda yana fuskantar yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 2,400 na Fahrenheit a cikin injin jirgin. Sashen ya sami takardar shaidar tashi a shekarar 2016.
A yau, an ruwaito cewa GE Aviation tana da fiye da alkawurra 16,000 ga injunan Leap ɗinta. Saboda tsananin buƙata, kamfanin ya ba da rahoton cewa ta buga bututun mai na 3D da aka buga na 3D a kaka ta 2018. GE Aviation tana ƙera waɗannan sassan a Auburn, Alabama, inda take sarrafa firintocin 3D na ƙarfe sama da 40 don samar da wani ɓangare. GE Aviation ta ba da rahoton cewa kowane injin Leap yana da bututun mai 19 da aka buga na 3D.
Jami'an GE na iya gaji da magana game da bututun mai, amma hakan ya share fagen nasarar kamfanin a AM. A gaskiya ma, duk sabbin tarurrukan ƙira injina suna farawa ne da tattaunawa kan yadda za a haɗa masana'antar ƙari a cikin ƙoƙarin haɓaka samfura. Misali, sabon injin GE 9X wanda ke samun takardar shaida a yanzu yana da bututun mai guda 28 da mahaɗin ƙonewa na 3D. A wani misali, GE Aviation tana sake fasalin injin turboprop, wanda kusan yake da irin wannan ƙira tsawon shekaru 50, kuma zai sami sassa 12 da aka buga da 3D waɗanda ke taimakawa rage nauyin injin da kashi 5 cikin ɗari.
"Abin da muke yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan shi ne koyon yin manyan sassan da aka ƙera da ƙari," in ji Eric Gatlin, shugaban ƙungiyar masana'antar ƙarawa a GE Aviation, yana magana da taron jama'a da suka taru a rumfar kamfanin a Formnext 2018 a Frankfurt, Jamus, a farkon watan Nuwamba.
Gatlin ya ci gaba da kiran rungumar AM a matsayin "canji mai kyau" ga GE Aviation. Duk da haka, kamfaninsa ba shi kaɗai ba ne. Masu baje kolin a Formnext sun lura cewa akwai ƙarin masana'antun (OEMs da Tier 1s) a bikin baje kolin na wannan shekarar fiye da da. (Jami'an baje kolin sun ba da rahoton cewa mutane 26,919 sun halarci taron, karuwar kashi 25 cikin ɗari idan aka kwatanta da Formnext na 2017.) Yayin da masana'antun sararin samaniya suka jagoranci ƙoƙarin sanya kera ƙarin kayayyaki ya zama gaskiya a farfajiyar shagon, kamfanonin kera motoci da sufuri Ana duba fasahar ta wata hanya daban. Hanya mafi mahimmanci.
A wani taron manema labarai na Formnext, Babban Mataimakin Shugaban Ultimaker Paul Heiden ya bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da yadda Ford ta yi amfani da firintocin 3D na kamfanin a masana'antar sa ta Cologne, Jamus, don ƙirƙirar kayan aikin samarwa na Ford Focus. Ya ce kamfanin ya adana kusan Yuro 1,000 a kowace kayan aikin bugawa idan aka kwatanta da siyan kayan aikin daga mai samar da kayayyaki na waje.
Idan injiniyoyin masana'antu suka fuskanci buƙatar kayan aiki, za su iya ɗora ƙirar a cikin software na ƙirar CAD na 3D, goge ƙirar, aika ta zuwa firinta, sannan a buga ta cikin awanni. Ci gaba a cikin software, kamar haɗa nau'ikan kayan aiki, ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa kayan aikin ƙira, don haka har ma "waɗanda ba a horar ba" za su iya aiki ta hanyar software ɗin, in ji Heiden.
Ganin cewa Ford ta iya nuna amfanin kayan aiki da kayan aiki da aka buga ta hanyar amfani da fasahar 3D, Heiden ya ce mataki na gaba ga kamfanin shine magance matsalar kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Maimakon adana ɗaruruwan sassa, za a yi amfani da firintocin 3D don buga su kamar yadda aka yi oda. Daga nan, ana sa ran Ford za ta ga irin tasirin da fasahar za ta iya yi wajen samar da sassan.
Sauran kamfanonin kera motoci sun riga sun haɗa da kayan aikin buga 3D ta hanyoyi masu ban mamaki. Ultimaker ya ba da misalai na kayan aikin da Volkswagen ke amfani da su a masana'antarsa ​​da ke Palmela, Portugal:
An ƙera wannan kayan aikin ne a kan firintar Ultimaker 3D, kuma ana amfani da shi ne don jagorantar sanya ƙugiya a lokacin da ake sanya ƙafafu a masana'antar haɗa ta Volkswagen da ke Portugal.
Idan ana maganar sake fasalta kera motoci, wasu suna da zurfin tunani. Kevin Czinger na Divergent3D yana ɗaya daga cikinsu.
Czinger yana son sake tunani game da yadda ake gina motoci. Yana son ƙirƙirar sabuwar hanya ta amfani da ƙirar kwamfuta mai ci gaba da AM don ƙirƙirar chassis waɗanda suka fi firam ɗin gargajiya sauƙi, suna ɗauke da ƙananan sassa, suna ba da aiki mafi girma, kuma ba su da tsada don samarwa. Divergent3D ya nuna chassis ɗinsa na 3D a rumfar SLM Solutions Group AG da ke Formnext.
Chassis ɗin da aka buga a kan injin SLM 500 ya ƙunshi maɓallan gyara kai waɗanda duk suka dace bayan bugawa. Jami'an Divergent3D sun ce wannan hanyar tsara da haɗa chassis zai iya adana dala miliyan 250 wajen kawar da farashin kayan aiki da rage sassa da kashi 75 cikin ɗari.
Kamfanin yana fatan sayar da wannan nau'in na'urar kera motoci a nan gaba. Divergent3D da SLM sun ƙulla haɗin gwiwa mai kyau don cimma wannan burin.
Kamfanin Senior Flexonics ba kamfani ne da jama'a suka san shi sosai ba, amma babban kamfani ne da ke samar da kayan aiki ga kamfanoni a masana'antar kera motoci, dizal, likitanci, mai da iskar gas, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki. Wakilan kamfanin sun gana da kamfanin GKN Powder Metallurgy a bara don tattauna yiwuwar buga 3D, kuma su biyun sun raba labaran nasarar da suka samu a Formnext 2018.
An sake fasalin sassan da aka sake tsara su don amfani da AM sune bawuloli na ɗaukar kaya da shaye-shaye don sanyaya iskar gas mai sake juyawa don aikace-aikacen manyan motoci na kasuwanci, duka a kan hanya da kuma a wajen babbar hanya. Advanced Flexonics suna sha'awar ganin ko akwai hanyoyin da suka fi inganci don ƙirƙirar samfura waɗanda za su iya jure gwajin gaske da kuma yiwuwar samar da kayayyaki da yawa. Tare da shekaru da yawa na ilimin samar da sassa don aikace-aikacen motoci da masana'antu, GKN tana da zurfin fahimtar porosity na aikin sassan ƙarfe.
Na ƙarshen yana da mahimmanci saboda injiniyoyi da yawa sun yi imanin cewa sassan wasu aikace-aikacen motocin masana'antu suna buƙatar kashi 99% na yawan amfani. A cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen da yawa, ba haka lamarin yake ba, a cewar Adrian Keppler, Shugaba na EOS, wanda mai samar da fasahar injina da abokin tarayya ya tabbatar.
Bayan haɓakawa da gwada sassan da aka yi da kayan EOS StainlessSteel 316L VPro, Senior Flexonics ya gano cewa sassan da aka ƙera da ƙari sun cika burin aikinsu kuma ana iya ƙera su da sauri fiye da sassan da aka ƙera. Misali, ana iya buga tashar ta 3D a cikin kashi 70% na lokacin idan aka kwatanta da tsarin jefawa. A taron manema labarai, duk ɓangarorin da ke cikin aikin sun yarda cewa wannan yana da babban damar samar da jerin shirye-shirye nan gaba.
"Dole ne ka sake tunani game da yadda ake yin sassan," in ji Kepler. "Dole ne ka kalli masana'antu ta wata hanya daban. Waɗannan ba siminti ko kayan ƙira ba ne."
Ga mutane da yawa a masana'antar AM, mai tsarkin al'amari yana ganin fasahar ta sami karbuwa sosai a cikin manyan masana'antu. A ganin mutane da yawa, wannan zai wakilci cikakken karɓuwa.
Ana amfani da fasahar AM don samar da waɗannan bawuloli na shiga da fita don sanyaya iskar gas mai sake zagayawa don aikace-aikacen manyan motoci na kasuwanci. Mai ƙera waɗannan sassan samfurin, Senior Flexonics, yana binciken wasu amfani da ake yi wa bugawa ta 3D a cikin kamfaninsa.
Da wannan a zuciya, masu haɓaka kayan aiki, software, da injina suna aiki tuƙuru don isar da samfuran da ke ba da damar wannan. Masu kera kayan aiki suna neman ƙirƙirar foda da robobi waɗanda za su iya biyan tsammanin aiki ta hanyar da za a iya maimaitawa. Masu haɓaka software suna ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa bayanan kayan aikinsu don sa kwaikwayon ya zama mafi gaskiya. Masu gina injina suna tsara ƙwayoyin da ke aiki da sauri kuma suna da manyan kewayon samarwa don ɗaukar ƙarin sassa a lokaci guda. Har yanzu ana ci gaba da aiki, amma akwai farin ciki da yawa game da makomar kera kayan ƙari a cikin kera na gaske.
"Na shafe shekaru 20 ina wannan masana'antar, kuma a wannan lokacin, na ci gaba da jin, 'Za mu samar da wannan fasaha a cikin yanayin samarwa.' Don haka muka jira muka jira," in ji Daraktan Cibiyar Ƙwarewar Masana'antu ta UL. Paul Bates, Manaja kuma Shugaban Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da Masana'antu ta Additive. "Amma ina tsammanin a ƙarshe mun isa ga inda komai ke haɗuwa kuma yana faruwa."
Dan Davis babban editan mujallar The FABRICATOR ne, babbar mujallar ƙera ƙarfe da kafa ta masana'antar, da kuma wasu wallafe-wallafen mata, STAMPING Journal, Tube & Pipe Journal da The Welder. Ya kasance yana aiki a kan waɗannan wallafe-wallafen tun daga watan Afrilun 2002.
Rahoton Ƙarin Abinci ya mayar da hankali kan amfani da fasahar ƙera kayan ƙari a masana'antu na gaske. Masana'antun a yau suna amfani da bugu na 3D don yin kayan aiki da kayan aiki, wasu kuma suna amfani da AM don aikin samarwa mai yawa. Za a gabatar da labaransu a nan.